Automobile large awning glass

Abstract

The invention discloses automobile large sunscreen glass, which relates to the technical field of sunscreen glass and sequentially comprises a first glass substrate, a first thermoplastic membrane, a second glass substrate, a second thermoplastic membrane and a third glass substrate from top to bottom, multiple functional layers which are arranged according to any sequence and number are also arranged between the first glass substrate and the third glass substrate, and the multiple functional layers comprise a heat insulation heating functional layer, a thin film solar cell layer and an electrochromic layer; the functional layers are precisely designed and combined, and on the basis of large-area photoelectric conversion, the glass not only has the functions of uniform dimming, continuous heat insulation, ultraviolet isolation and the like, so that the glass can provide excellent heat insulation performance and flexible dimming function while keeping high power generation efficiency, and the glass has a wide application prospect. And meanwhile, intelligent regulation and control can be realized through cooperative work of various sensors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of skylight glass, and in particular to a large skylight glass for an automobile. Background Art

[0002] The existing automotive photovoltaic glass design mainly focuses on integrating photovoltaic modules into the car sunroof, so that a part of the sunroof area can perform the photovoltaic power generation function. However, due to limitations such as power generation efficiency and effective use area, the application of photovoltaic power generation in automobiles has not been practical.

[0003] The existing Sonata Hybrid, BYD F3DM Low Carbon and GAC New Energy Aion S all feature photovoltaic skylights or sunroof components. These models cleverly design crystalline silicon cells inside the sunroof glass, with a power generation area of ​​approximately 0.5-1.5m 2 These photovoltaic modules mainly provide 12V on-board power for charging the sunroof, audio, seat heating and other equipment in the car, and provide automatic ventilation function in the car when necessary.

[0004] The Tesla Model 3 adopts a more innovative solar roof design and is equipped with additional foldable solar panels. This design breaks through the area limit of photovoltaic power generation on traditional cars. The power generation area exceeds 3 square meters. Under good lighting conditions, these photovoltaic components can add an additional 120 kilometers of range to the vehicle.

[0005] In addition, the prior art on photovoltaic skylights / curtains and other types of range-extending technologies also includes the following three patent documents, specifically:

[0006] The patent document with publication number CN109130808B proposes a car sunroof auxiliary endurance system and its charging control method. The system includes a flexible solar panel arranged on the sunroof baffle, which can be folded or unfolded with the sunroof baffle. The system uses the sunroof baffle of the car panoramic sunroof as a supporting structure to realize the installation and storage of the flexible solar panel, and at the same time effectively charges the car, electric vehicle battery or vehicle-mounted GPS and other devices through the solar panel;

[0007] The patent document with publication number CN111916516B introduces a photovoltaic dimming composite glass and its control system, which is composed of a first light-transmitting plate, a second light-transmitting plate, and a first bonding layer and a second bonding layer located therebetween. A dimming film is also arranged between the first bonding layer and the second bonding layer, and a first lead wire extends to the edge of the glass. In addition, a battery pack composed of a plurality of individual battery cells connected in series is cleverly arranged at the edge of the dimming film, and is kept at least 5 mm away from the edge of the dimming film, and a second lead wire is led out at the same time. This design takes into account both the functions of daylighting and photovoltaic power generation, and the photovoltaic power generation is directly supplied to the dimming film, and the structure is simple and easy to implement;

[0008] The patent document with publication number CN115179737B introduces a new type of vehicle sunroof assembly and its control system. This sunroof assembly consists of a glass outer panel, a photovoltaic heat insulation panel, a photovoltaic heat absorption panel and a sunshade inner panel, each of which is connected to a guide rail. Through the first, second, third and fourth drivers, these panels can slide smoothly along the guide rail to open and close the sunroof. In addition, the sunroof assembly is also equipped with temperature, light and other sensors. These sensors are combined with the central control platform to realize the intelligent operation of the sunroof, bringing users a more convenient and comfortable experience.

[0009] The above four cars equipped with solar awnings / skylights and three patent documents on solar awnings / skylights and other types of range-extending technologies are mainstream technologies in the existing technology. They have certain advantages, but they still have the following problems:

[0010] The power-generating sunroof / skylight products equipped in the Sonata Hybrid, BYD F3DM Low-Carbon Edition and GAC New Energy Aion S pure electric sedan usually have an effective power generation area of ​​no more than 1.5 square meters, so they mainly provide limited power support for fans, audio equipment and other equipment in the car, and their actual application value is relatively low; Tesla Model 3 uses a design that combines a solar roof with additional folding solar panels, which increases the power generation area to more than 3 square meters. However, the folding solar panels can only be charged when the vehicle is parked and unfolded and placed in the sun, which undoubtedly reduces its flexibility of use; and when folded, these solar panels will take up luggage space in the trunk.

[0011] The patent document with publication number CN109130808B shows an innovative car sunroof design, which uses a flexible solar panel that can be set on the sunroof baffle for charging. When the sunroof guide is closed, the sunroof glass becomes colorless to maximize the lighting and charging effect of the solar panel; when the guide is opened, the sunroof glass turns black and the solar panel stops charging. Although this design can achieve the switching between lighting and charging to a certain extent, it cannot achieve continuous power generation when the lighting conditions are good but the ambient temperature is high, and the photoelectric conversion component is only set on the sunroof guide, which fails to fully utilize the overall power generation area of ​​the sunroof.

[0012] The patent document with publication number CN111916516B proposes a composite skylight design, in which the battery cells and the dimming film are cleverly arranged at different positions of the skylight. This design allows the electricity generated by the battery cells to be directly supplied to the dimming film, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency. However, due to the position arrangement of the battery cells and the dimming film, the effective power generation area and lighting area of ​​the skylight are not maximized.

[0013] The patent document with publication number CN115179737B realizes the integration of power generation, heat insulation and thermal insulation through multi-plane guide rails and motor systems, and is equipped with an intelligent control system and control method. In theory, this design can efficiently utilize solar energy and realize intelligent power generation, heat insulation and heat absorption and thermal insulation; however, its complex structure and numerous moving parts not only occupy the effective space in the car, but also bring difficulties to subsequent maintenance and disassembly. In addition, the sunroof system has only two states: open and closed, and cannot be continuously adjusted according to needs.

[0014] At the same time, the power-generating skylight products in the existing technology have a single function and only have the ability to generate electricity, but do not have the ability to uniformly dim, continuously insulate, and melt snow on the roof. Summary of the invention

[0015] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a large automotive skylight glass to solve the following technical problems:

[0016] How to expand the power generation area of ​​the car's large skylight glass and achieve multifunctionality?

[0017] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0018] The present invention discloses a large skylight glass for an automobile, which comprises, in order from top to bottom, a first glass substrate, a first thermoplastic film, a second glass substrate, a second thermoplastic film and a third glass substrate. A plurality of functional layers arranged in any order and quantity are provided between the first glass substrate and the third glass substrate, and the plurality of functional layers comprise a heat-insulating and heating functional layer, a thin-film solar cell layer, an electrochromic layer and a protective layer. By depositing different functional layers on different glass substrates, the large skylight glass has multiple functions such as power generation, heating, heat insulation and dimming.

[0019] Furthermore, the above-mentioned large car skylight glass can simultaneously replace the traditional skylight glass rear windshield and the metal structure used to fix the skylight and the rear skylight, and the area that can be used to set up thin-film solar panels is 2-3 times the area of ​​the traditional skylight glass;

[0020] Among them, the outer layer of the first glass substrate and the third glass substrate serves as the outermost layer of the overall structure of the automobile skylight glass. It adopts fully tempered glass with a thickness of 2mm-4mm, which mainly undertakes the function of protecting internal components and providing basic mechanical strength. The second glass substrate uses thin glass with a thickness of less than 1.5mm, which is easy to bend and shape, ensuring the close fit of the photovoltaic components during the molding process. This multi-layer composite design not only ensures the durability of the overall structure of the automobile skylight glass, but also provides good protection and support for the internal functional layers.

[0021] In a further embodiment of the present invention: at least one layer of the first thermoplastic film and the second thermoplastic film is a thermoplastic polymer material to which semiconductor nanoparticles having the function of absorbing or reflecting ultraviolet light and infrared light are added, which cooperates with the heat insulation functional layer to make the entire skylight glass structure have better performance in terms of heat insulation and ultraviolet isolation.

[0022] Furthermore, the semiconductor nanoparticles include wide bandgap semiconductor materials and high free carrier semiconductor materials, wherein the wide bandgap semiconductor materials include silicon dioxide (SiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and titanium dioxide (TiO2), and these materials intrinsically absorb ultraviolet light; the high free carrier semiconductor materials include antimony tin oxide (ATO), indium tin oxide (ITO), and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), and these materials intrinsically absorb ultraviolet light and highly reflect infrared light.

[0023] Furthermore, at most one of the first thermoplastic film and the second thermoplastic film is a composite thermoplastic film, that is, two thermoplastic film layers and a liquid crystal dimming layer sandwiched between the two thermoplastic film layers, and the liquid crystal dimming layer includes a liquid crystal material layer and a PET-ITO electrode layer covering both sides of the liquid crystal material layer.

[0024] Furthermore, a certain amount of dye molecules are added to the liquid crystal material layer. Under the regulation of a stable electric field, the dye molecules change along with the orientation of the liquid crystal, and their arrangement directly affects the degree of light passing through. By gradually adjusting the electric field strength, continuous regulation of light transmittance is achieved;

[0025] Furthermore, the thermoplastic film layer includes ultra-white PVB with polyvinyl butyral as the main material or ultra-white EVA with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as the main material, which is transparent after heating and curing, has a transmittance of more than 93% for light with a wavelength of 300nm-1000nm, and has good sealing performance.

[0026] Furthermore, the two thermoplastic film layers (referred to as thermoplastic film layer 1 and thermoplastic film layer 2 above) are ultra-white PVB with polyvinyl butyral as the main material or ultra-white EVA with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as the main material, and there are multiple combinations, for example: thermoplastic film layer 1 is an insulating EVA film with added semiconductor nanoparticles, and thermoplastic film layer 2 is a composite dimming PVB film; or the first thermoplastic film is an insulating PVB film with added semiconductor nanoparticles, and the second thermoplastic film is an insulating EVA film with added semiconductor nanoparticles.

[0027] Since the added semiconductor nanoparticles have a certain reflection and absorption effect on light with a wavelength of 300nm-1000nm, the second thermoplastic film layer is preferably an insulating PVB or insulating EVA to prevent a reduction in power generation efficiency. Similarly, the first thermoplastic film cannot be a dimming thermoplastic film to avoid affecting the efficiency of photoelectric conversion during the dimming process.

[0028] In a further embodiment of the present invention: the heat-insulating and heating functional layer 6 includes at least two groups of low-resistance transparent conductive layers and at least one layer of silver-based layer; further, the heat-insulating and heating functional layer also includes a dielectric layer, such as a silicon nitride (Si3N4) layer, a titanium dioxide (TiO2) layer, a silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer, and a zirconium oxide (ZrO2) layer, to ensure that the low-resistance transparent conductive layer and the silver-based layer are closely attached to the glass during the subsequent molding process;

[0029] Among them, the design of at least two groups of low-resistance transparent conductive layers ensures the uniform distribution of the electric heat source; at least one layer of silver-based layer can effectively reflect infrared and ultraviolet rays, which can both insulate and heat, providing a comfortable environment for passengers.

[0030] Furthermore, the material of the low-resistance transparent conductive layer is a composite material doped with one or more of pure metals and metal oxides; wherein the pure metals include silver (Ag), copper (Cu), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), and indium (In); the metal oxides include tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), and indium oxide (In2O3); composite materials doped with multiple pure metals and metal oxides include ITO (In2O3: SnO2), AZO (ZnO: Al), ATO (SnO2: Sb), GZO (ZnO: Ga), etc., and the composite film layer composed of these materials deposited has a resistance of ≤6Ω / □ and a visible light transmittance of ≥85% at a thickness of 50nm to 1000nm.

[0031] Furthermore, the silver-based layer is a pure silver layer, a silver oxide layer, or an alloy layer formed by doping a silver base with other metals or metal compounds. The silver content in the silver-based layer is 80%-100%, and it has excellent infrared and ultraviolet reflection properties, thereby providing excellent thermal insulation effects for large glass structures.

[0032] Furthermore, the heat-insulating and heating functional layer can be arranged on the inner side of the first or third glass substrate. In view of the reflectivity of the silver-based layer to light with a wavelength of 300nm-1100nm, it is preferably arranged on the inner side of the third glass substrate. Based on this, the light penetrates the two solar cell layers, and part of the light is reflected by the heat-insulating and heating layer and passes through the solar cell layer again, forming multiple reflections to improve the power generation efficiency. As the number of silver-based layers increases, the power generation efficiency is also slightly improved.

[0033] In a further embodiment of the present invention: the thin-film solar cell layer is provided with two layers, and the two thin-film solar cell layers are respectively provided on both sides of the second glass substrate, and the thin-film solar cell layer includes any one of a cadmium telluride thin-film solar cell, a copper indium gallium selenide thin-film solar cell, and a perovskite thin-film solar cell.

[0034] Preferably, the thin-film solar cell layer adopts perovskite thin-film solar cells; compared with cadmium telluride and copper indium gallium selenide thin-film solar cells, it has low cost and is easy to mass produce; and has high photoelectric conversion efficiency under weak light, ensuring stability and energy conversion efficiency, and can provide stable power for the internal system of the car.

[0035] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the electrochromic layer is composed of a first transparent conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, an ion storage layer and a second transparent conductive layer; the materials of each layer are selected as follows:

[0036] The first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer are consistent with the low-resistance transparent conductive layer material;

[0037] The electrochromic layer can use reduced coloring materials, such as WO3, MoO3, etc., or oxidized coloring materials, such as LiNiO X , IrO, etc.; these materials will undergo redox reactions under the action of an external electric field to achieve color change and dimming;

[0038] The electrolyte layer contains Li + 、Na + , K + , Rb + Electrolyte ions, such as LiClO4, LiBF4, etc., provide electricity to induce color change reaction;

[0039] The material of the ion storage layer and the material of the electrochromic layer are in a complementary relationship. When the electrochromic layer contains a reduced coloring material, the ion storage layer contains an oxidized coloring material, and vice versa.

[0040] In a further solution of the present invention, a protective layer is added to the functional layer and placed between adjacent layers. The protective layer is made of one of silicon dioxide (SiO2), titanium oxide (TiO2), silicon nitride (Si3N4), and zirconium oxide (ZrO2), in order to prevent the current of the film layer from interfering with each other when using functions such as heating, color-changing dimming, and photoelectric conversion, thereby ensuring the performance of the functional layer, resisting external erosion, and improving the stability, weather resistance, and reliability of the overall structure.

[0041] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0042] 1. The automotive skylight glass of the present invention has three layers of glass substrate and two layers of thermoplastic film staggered, and further has additional functional layers such as a heat insulation and heating functional layer, a thin-film solar cell layer and an electrochromic layer. These functional layers are precisely designed and combined. On the basis of large-area photoelectric conversion, they not only have the functions of uniform dimming, continuous heat insulation, and ultraviolet light isolation, so that the glass can provide excellent heat insulation performance and flexible dimming function while maintaining high power generation efficiency, and can also realize intelligent regulation through the coordinated work of multiple sensors.

[0043] 2. The heat-insulating and heating functional layer can significantly improve the heat-insulating effect, effectively reduce the temperature inside the car in hot weather, and improve driving comfort. At the same time, it can also provide heating function in cold weather to melt snow on the roof and ensure driving safety.

[0044] 3. In the large automotive skylight glass of the present invention, vacuum ion plating and physical / chemical vapor deposition technology are used to cover the thin-film solar cell layer on both sides of the second glass substrate, so that the power generation area is doubled compared with the traditional laminated skylight glass design, thereby greatly improving the power generation efficiency and practicality. It can still maintain a high power generation efficiency under weak light conditions, ensuring that the system can provide stable power supply under various weather conditions, thereby increasing the self-power supply capacity of the car.

[0045] 4. In the automotive skylight glass of the present invention, by controlling the voltage or current applied to the electrochromic layer, the optical properties of the electrochromic layer can be changed to achieve rapid and continuous changes in light transmittance, making the car window more intelligent and meeting the diverse needs of car owners.

[0046] 5. The large automobile skylight glass of the present invention not only replaces the traditional automobile skylight glass and rear windshield, but also replaces the metal structural parts between them, thereby significantly increasing the power generation area. At the same time, it adopts advanced double-piece pressing molding technology to ensure that the three-layer automobile glass substrate achieves a very high degree of fit during the assembly process, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of the structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the large automotive skylight glass in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the large automotive skylight glass in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0050] In the figure: 1. first glass substrate; 2. first thermoplastic film; 3. second glass substrate; 4. second thermoplastic film; 5. third glass substrate; 6. thermal insulation and heating functional layer; 7. thin film solar cell layer; 8. electrochromic layer; 9. protective layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] See also Figure 1 This embodiment discloses a large automotive skylight glass of the present invention, which includes, in order from top to bottom, a first glass substrate 1, a first thermoplastic film 2, a thin-film solar cell layer 7, a second glass substrate 3, a thin-film solar cell layer 7, a second thermoplastic film 4, an electrochromic layer 8, a protective layer 9, a thermal insulation and heating functional layer 6, and a third glass substrate 5.

[0054] It should be noted that the thermal insulation and heating functional layer 6, the thin-film solar cell layer 7 and the electrochromic layer 8 are functional layers, and their arrangement order and quantity are not limited to the presentation form in this embodiment. In other embodiments, each functional layer can be arranged in any order and quantity between the first glass substrate and the third glass substrate, and it is only necessary to ensure that the thin-film solar cell layer 7 is provided on both sides of the second glass substrate 3.

[0055] in:

[0056] The first thermoplastic film 2 is an ultra-white EVA film with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as the main material, and the second thermoplastic film 4 is an ultra-white PVB film with polyvinyl butyral as the main component and doped with. The production method is: adopt a solution blending method to mix two semiconductor nanoparticles of SiO2 and TiO2 into the polyvinyl butyral film in a ratio of 0.15wt% and 0.2wt% respectively.

[0057] The thermal insulation and heating functional layer 6 includes a dielectric layer (TiO2), a silver-based layer (Ag), and two low-resistance transparent conductive layers (ITO / AZ0). TiO2 / Ag / ITO / AZ0 can be deposited outward in sequence on the inner layer of the pretreated third glass substrate 5 by physical / chemical vapor deposition vacuum ion plating or the like.

[0058] However, it should be noted that the structure of the heat-insulating and heating functional layer 6 is not limited to the structure in the present embodiment. For example, in other embodiments, the heat-insulating and heating functional layer 6 includes at least two groups of low-resistance transparent conductive layers and at least one layer of silver-based layer, and may also include a dielectric layer disposed between the low-resistance transparent conductive layer or the silver-based layer and the glass substrate; the material of the low-resistance transparent conductive layer is a composite material doped with one or more of pure metals and metal oxides; wherein the pure metals include silver (Ag), copper (Cu), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), and indium (In); the metal oxides include tin oxide (SnO2), Zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), indium oxide (In2O3); composite materials formed by various doping of pure metals and metal oxides include ITO (In2O3: SnO2), AZO (ZnO: Al), ATO (SnO2: Sb), GZO (ZnO: Ga), etc.; the silver-based layer is one of a pure silver layer, a silver oxide layer, and an alloy layer formed by doping a silver base with other metals or metal compounds; the material of the dielectric layer includes one of silicon nitride (Si3N4), titanium dioxide (TiO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and zirconium oxide (ZrO2).

[0059] The thin-film solar cell layer 7 is a copper indium gallium selenide thin film (MO / Cu(In,Ga)Se2 / CdS / ZnO / ITO) solar cell, which is deposited in sequence on both side surfaces of the pretreated second glass substrate 3 by physical / chemical vapor deposition vacuum ion plating and other methods.

[0060] However, it should be noted that the selection of the thin-film solar cell layer 7 is not limited to the copper indium gallium selenide thin-film solar cell in this embodiment. In other embodiments, the thin-film solar cell layer 7 may also be a cadmium telluride thin-film solar cell or a perovskite thin-film solar cell.

[0061] The electrochromic layer 8 includes a first transparent conductive layer (ITO), an electrochromic layer (WO3), an electrolyte layer (LiAsF6), an ion storage layer (TiO2), and a second transparent conductive layer (GZO) arranged in sequence; ITO / WO3 / LiAsF6 / TiO2 / GZO are deposited outward in sequence on the inner layer of the third glass substrate 5 by physical / chemical vapor deposition vacuum ion plating and other methods.

[0062] However, it should be noted that the materials of each film layer in the electrochromic layer 8 are not limited to this example. In other embodiments, the material of the electrochromic layer 8 only needs to achieve uniform and rapid dimming under the control of an external electric field. For example, the first and second transparent conductive layers are consistent with the materials of the low-resistance transparent conductive layer; the electrochromic layer can select reduced coloring materials such as WO3, MoO3, Ta2O5, TiO2, etc. or oxidized coloring materials LiNiOX, IrO2, V2O5, etc., and undergo redox reactions under an external electric field to achieve color changes and dimming; the electrolyte layer contains electrolyte ions such as Li+, Na+, such as LiClO4, LiBF4, NaClO4, etc. The design of the ion storage layer takes into account the complementarity with the electrochromic material used in the electrochromic layer. When the electrochromic layer contains reduced coloring materials, the ion storage layer contains oxidized coloring materials, and when the electrochromic layer contains oxidized coloring materials, the ion storage layer contains reduced coloring materials.

[0063] The protective layer 9 is an excellent combination of silicon nitride (Si3N4) and conductive transparent material, ensuring good bonding between the heat insulation and heating functional layer 6 and the electrochromic layer 8. In addition, the protective layer 9, with its excellent insulation performance, enables the heating control electric field of the heat insulation and heating layer and the dimming control electric field of the electrochromic layer to be independently controlled without interfering with each other, ensuring the stability and efficiency of the functional layer.

[0064] The three-layer glass substrate and the two-layer thermoplastic film after the above treatment are formed into an integrated automobile skylight glass structure under high temperature and high pressure conditions through a sophisticated molding and lamination process, which can replace the automobile skylight glass and its metal structural parts in the prior art.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] See also Figure 2 This embodiment discloses a large automotive skylight glass of the present invention. The structure thereof is different from that of the large automotive skylight glass in Example 1 in that it does not contain the electrochromic layer 8 and the protective layer 9, and the other structures remain the same.

[0067] The automobile skylight glass of this embodiment is uniquely designed, effectively replacing the traditional automobile skylight glass, rear windshield and its metal structural parts, realizing the maximum utilization of the roof space, greatly expanding the power generation area, and significantly improving the power generation efficiency. Under the action of the external electric field, the electrochromic layer 8 can freely control the coloring and fading of the film layer through redox reaction, thereby adjusting the transmittance of light.

[0068] The rear windshield of a car needs to meet specific light transmittance requirements to ensure the driver's field of vision clarity and safety during driving. In this design, the control circuit of the electrochromic layer 8 of the rear windshield is connected to the car host, which can obtain the driving status of the vehicle in real time and divide it into two independently controllable areas: the electrochromic layer 8 of the roof sunroof glass part (hereinafter referred to as 8-1) and the electrochromic layer 8 of the rear windshield part of the car (hereinafter referred to as 8-2).

[0069] When the car is in motion, the electrochromic layer 8-1 of the skylight glass can freely adjust the light transmittance according to actual needs; and the electrochromic layer 8-2 of the rear windshield is appropriately adjusted on the premise of ensuring that the light transmittance is not less than 45% to ensure driving safety. When the car is stationary, both the electrochromic layer 8-1 of the skylight glass and the electrochromic layer 8-2 of the rear windshield can freely adjust the light transmittance, and even reduce the overall light transmittance of the large skylight glass to less than 10%, achieving the effect of privacy glass and providing a private space for passengers in the car.

[0070] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction and a specific direction structure and operation, and therefore, cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, "first" and "second" are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0071] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0072] The above is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention, but the content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and cannot be considered to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large automotive skylight glass, characterized in that: The glass substrate 1 includes, in order from top to bottom, a first glass substrate 1, a first thermoplastic film 2, a second glass substrate 3, a second thermoplastic film 4 and a third glass substrate 5. A plurality of functional layers arranged in any order and quantity are provided between the first glass substrate 1 and the third glass substrate 5. The plurality of functional layers include a thermal insulation and heating functional layer 6, a thin-film solar cell layer 7 and an electrochromic layer 8.

2. The automobile skylight glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first thermoplastic film 2 or the second thermoplastic film 4 is a thermoplastic polymer material to which semiconductor nanoparticles having the function of absorbing or reflecting ultraviolet light and infrared light are added.

3. The automobile skylight glass according to claim 2, characterized in that: The semiconductor nanoparticles include any one or more of silicon dioxide, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, antimony tin oxide, indium tin oxide, and aluminum-doped zinc oxide.

4. The automobile skylight glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-insulating and heating functional layer 6 includes at least two groups of low-resistance transparent conductive layers and at least one layer of silver-based layer.

5. The automobile skylight glass according to claim 4, characterized in that: The material of the low-resistance transparent conductive layer is a composite material doped with one or more of pure metals and metal oxides.

6. The automobile skylight glass according to claim 4, characterized in that: The silver-based layer is one of a pure silver layer, a silver oxide layer, and an alloy layer formed by doping a silver base with other metals or metal compounds. The silver content in the silver-based layer is 80%-100%.

7. The automobile skylight glass according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heat-insulating and heating functional layer 6 further includes a dielectric layer, which is disposed between the low-resistance transparent conductive layer or the silver-based layer and the glass substrate. The material of the dielectric layer includes one of silicon nitride, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, and zirconium oxide.

8. The automobile skylight glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional layer further includes a protective layer 9, which is disposed between two adjacent layer structures. The material of the protective layer 9 is one of silicon dioxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, and zirconium oxide.

9. The automobile skylight glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thin film solar cell layer 7 is provided with two layers, and the two thin film solar cell layers 7 are respectively arranged on both sides of the second glass substrate 3, and the thin film solar cell layer 7 includes any one of a cadmium telluride thin film solar cell, a copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cell, and a perovskite thin film solar cell.

10. The automobile skylight glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrochromic layer 8 includes a first transparent conductive layer, an electrochromic layer disposed on the first transparent conductive layer, an electrolyte layer disposed on the electrochromic layer, an ion storage layer disposed on the electrolyte layer, and a second transparent conductive layer disposed on the ion storage layer.

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