Reservoir invalid evaporation ecological inhibition system suitable for pumped storage power station

Abstract

The invention discloses a reservoir invalid evaporation ecologicalization inhibition system suitable for a pumped storage power station, which comprises a plurality of floating units, and the plurality of floating units are mutually connected to float and cover the water surface of a reservoir; the photovoltaic panels are mounted on the upper portions of the floating units correspondingly; the floating ball floats on the water surface of the reservoir, and the floating ball is arranged in gaps among the plurality of floating units. The solar photovoltaic panels are laid on the water surface of the reservoir to prevent direct solar radiation on the water surface, water surface evaporation is reduced, water surface evaporation of the reservoir is reduced, rubber balls are adopted to float on the water surface along the periphery of the reservoir bank and local photovoltaic panel gaps, direct solar radiation is further shielded, water surface evaporation is reduced, the defects of an existing method can be overcome, and the water surface evaporation is reduced. And huge economic and social benefits can be generated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an ecological suppression system for invalid evaporation of a reservoir suitable for a pumped storage power station, belonging to the technical field of pumped storage. Background Art

[0002] A pumped storage power station is a hydropower station that uses electricity during low load periods to pump water to the upper reservoir, and releases water to the lower reservoir for power generation during peak load periods. It is also called a storage hydropower station. It can convert excess electricity during low load periods into high-value electricity during peak load periods. It is also suitable for frequency and phase modulation, stabilizing the frequency and voltage of the power system, and is suitable for emergency standby. It can also improve the efficiency of thermal power plants and nuclear power plants in the system.

[0003] In the junction of the eastern and western regions of my country, there is less vegetation, more wind and sand, and an extremely dry climate. Due to the geographical location and topography of the basin, there is a valley between two mountains, and the northwest and southeast winds prevail. The average evaporation over the years is 1805.1mm, the average relative humidity is 42%, the northwest wind prevails, the maximum wind speed can reach 25.0m / s, and the maximum frozen soil depth exceeds 150cm.

[0004] The vegetation around the pumped storage power station reservoir in the area is very poor, rainfall is scarce, and there is no obvious water flow in the confluence ditch all year round. They are all dry ditches, and there is basically no runoff into the reservoir. The construction and operation of the power station requires water transfer from outside the basin. Due to the large average evaporation in the area, the difficulty and cost of water transfer are high, so how to effectively suppress the ineffective evaporation of the reservoir is an urgent problem to be solved, which has a high economic effect. In summary, we propose an ecological suppression system for ineffective evaporation of reservoirs suitable for pumped storage power stations. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological suppression system for invalid evaporation of a reservoir suitable for a pumped storage power station. The present invention can effectively suppress invalid evaporation from the reservoir water surface, and at the same time can utilize the reservoir water surface area and light resources to generate electricity, thereby improving energy utilization.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an ecological suppression system for invalid evaporation of a reservoir applicable to a pumped storage power station, comprising:

[0007] A floating unit, wherein a plurality of the floating units are provided, and the plurality of the floating units are connected to float and cover the water surface of the reservoir, and the floating unit may adopt a buoy-type or floating tube-type support structure;

[0008] Photovoltaic panels, each of the floating units is equipped with a photovoltaic panel, which forms a sunshade covering the surface of the reservoir, shielding the sunlight directly on the water surface and reducing evaporation on the reservoir surface;

[0009] The floating ball floats on the water surface of the reservoir and is placed in the gaps between the plurality of floating units. The floating ball blocks the sunlight in the gaps of the photovoltaic panels, further improving the evaporation suppression rate of the system.

[0010] The above-mentioned ecological suppression system for invalid evaporation of a reservoir suitable for a pumped-storage power station has connecting ropes on the four sides of the floating unit, and adjacent floating units are connected by connecting ropes. The floating units close to the shore of the reservoir are fixedly connected to the reservoir dam body by connecting ropes, which can greatly reduce the situation where the floating units are greatly offset by waves and prevent hidden cracks in photovoltaic panels and floating units.

[0011] The above-mentioned ecological suppression system for invalid evaporation of a reservoir suitable for a pumped-storage power station, the four side walls of the floating unit are provided with a rope retracting device, the rope retracting device can adopt a winch structure to adjust the length of the connecting rope, the two ends of the connecting rope are respectively connected to the rope retracting devices of two adjacent floating units, the rope retracting device is provided with a control sensor, the rope retracting device is used to adjust the connection length of the connecting rope and can be automatically controlled, the control sensor can adopt a Hall speed sensor to monitor the number of revolutions of the winch structure of the rope retracting device, thereby realizing the control of the length of the connecting rope.

[0012] The aforementioned ecological suppression system for invalid evaporation of a reservoir applicable to a pumped-storage power station has a walkway float on the connecting rope, and a plurality of the walkway floats are connected in series in sequence to form a maintenance passage, which is convenient for workers to walk and carry out maintenance.

[0013] The above-mentioned ecological suppression system for invalid evaporation of a reservoir suitable for a pumped-storage power station has four adjustable brackets fixedly installed on the upper side of the floating unit, and the four adjustable brackets are respectively supported at the four corners of the bottom of the photovoltaic panel. By adjusting the supporting height of the adjustable brackets respectively, the height, inclination angle and direction of the photovoltaic panel can be adjusted.

[0014] The above-mentioned ecological suppression system for invalid evaporation of a reservoir suitable for a pumped-storage power station, the adjustable bracket includes a base, the base is fixed to the upper surface of the floating unit, a lifting rod is fixedly installed on the base, the lifting rod can be a hydraulic rod, connected to an automatic control system, a universal joint is arranged on the top of the lifting rod, the top of the lifting rod is connected to the photovoltaic panel through the universal joint, the lifting rod can control the support height, the photovoltaic panel is connected by a universal joint, so that the photovoltaic panel can change the overall tilt angle when the lifting rod is adjusted.

[0015] The above-mentioned ineffective evaporation ecological suppression system of a reservoir suitable for a pumped storage power station, the bottom of the floating unit is provided with an air inlet cavity and an air outlet cavity with a sealed structure, the air inlet cavity and the air outlet cavity are inverted on the water surface, the top of the air inlet cavity is provided with an air inlet penetrating the upper surface of the floating unit, the top of the air outlet cavity is provided with an air outlet penetrating the upper surface of the floating unit, the air inlet and the air outlet are both provided with a one-way valve, air can be introduced into the air inlet cavity through the air inlet, and the air outlet cavity can discharge gas through the air outlet, the tops of the air inlet cavity and the air outlet cavity are connected through a pipeline, and a steam turbine generator is provided on the pipeline Device, when the floating unit is affected by waves and shakes up and down, the water surface in the air inlet cavity will fluctuate up and down relatively. When the water surface in the air inlet cavity drops relative to the air inlet cavity, the air inlet cavity sucks in air along the air inlet. Since the air inlet is provided with a one-way valve, when the water surface in the air inlet cavity rises relative to the air inlet cavity, the air in the air inlet cavity is squeezed to flow into the air outlet cavity through the pipeline and is discharged through the air outlet of the air outlet cavity. When the gas passes through the pipeline, it drives the steam turbine generator device to generate electricity. It can not only use waves to generate electricity and realize energy utilization, but also reduce the amplitude of wave fluctuations by using wave potential energy to do work, thereby reducing the impact of waves on the floating unit.

[0016] The above-mentioned ecological suppression system for invalid evaporation of a reservoir suitable for a pumped-storage power station is provided with a column in the middle of the lower surface of the floating unit, and a vertical turbine is provided at the bottom of the column. A generator is provided on the floating unit, and the generator rotor is connected to one end of a rotating shaft, and the other end of the rotating shaft is connected to the turbine. When the floating unit is affected by waves and shakes up and down, the floating unit drives the column and the turbine to float up and down, and the turbine and water produce relative motion, so that water flows through the inside of the turbine to do work, driving the turbine to rotate, and then generating electricity through the generator. It can not only use waves to generate electricity and realize energy utilization, but also reduce the amplitude of wave fluctuations by using wave potential energy to do work, thereby reducing the impact of waves on the floating unit.

[0017] The aforementioned ecological suppression system for invalid evaporation of a reservoir suitable for a pumped-storage power station, wherein the float is made of rubber material, which has a stable structure, low cost, and little environmental impact, and a plurality of the floats are interconnected by connecting lines, which facilitates the recovery of the floats and prevents the floats from running around or being lost, causing environmental impacts.

[0018] The aforementioned ecological suppression system for invalid evaporation of reservoirs suitable for pumped-storage power stations has a white surface of the float, which reflects sunlight and has a better anti-evaporation effect. The diameter of the float is 35mm-80mm, preferably 40mm. When covering the same area of ​​water, 40mm and 80mm floats are more economical. Among them, laying floats with a diameter of 40mm has the best anti-evaporation effect and the best economy.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts solar photovoltaic panels laid on the surface of the reservoir to prevent the sun from directly shining on the water surface, reduce the evaporation of the water surface, and reduce the evaporation of the reservoir water surface. Rubber balls are used to float on the water surface around the reservoir bank and in the gaps of local photovoltaic panels to further block direct sunlight and reduce the evaporation of the water surface. This can not only overcome the shortcomings of previous methods, but also produce huge economic and social benefits. In addition, the present invention improves the energy consumption capacity of the floating unit in the process of resisting waves, that is, the floating body of the floating unit is not easily affected by waves and has a large position deviation, which can effectively avoid hidden cracks in the photovoltaic panels and floating units caused in the process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a top view of the installation structure of the system of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a vertical cross-sectional view of the installation structure of the system of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the floating unit and the photovoltaic panel of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the floating unit in Example 5 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the floating unit structure in Example 6 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure numerals: 1-floating unit, 2-photovoltaic panel, 3-floating ball, 4-connecting rope, 5-adjustable bracket, 51-base, 52-lifting rod, 53-universal joint, 6-rope retracting device, 7-air inlet cavity, 8-air outlet cavity, 9-air inlet, 10-air outlet, 11-check valve, 12-pipeline, 13-steam turbine generator, 14-column, 15-turbine, 16-generator, 17-rotating shaft, 18-walkway floating block.

[0026] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Embodiment 1 of the present invention: A reservoir invalid evaporation ecological suppression system applicable to a pumped storage power station, comprising:

[0028] A plurality of floating units 1 are provided, and the plurality of floating units 1 are connected to float and cover the water surface of the reservoir. The water surfaces of the upper and lower reservoirs of the pumped storage power station are floated and covered by the plurality of floating units 1. A buoy-type or floating tube-type support structure can be adopted, which can effectively block a large area of ​​sunlight and reduce the evaporation of the water surface of the reservoir;

[0029] Photovoltaic panels 2, each floating unit 1 is equipped with a photovoltaic panel 2, which forms a sunshade covering the surface of the reservoir, shielding the sunlight directly on the water surface, reducing evaporation of the reservoir surface, and making full use of solar energy to improve energy utilization;

[0030] The floating ball 3 floats on the water surface of the reservoir and is placed in the gaps between the plurality of floating units 1. The floating ball 3 blocks the sunlight at the gaps of the photovoltaic panels 2, further improving the evaporation suppression rate of the system.

[0031] Embodiment 2 of the present invention: A reservoir invalid evaporation ecological suppression system applicable to a pumped storage power station, comprising:

[0032] A plurality of floating units 1 are provided, and the plurality of floating units 1 are connected to float and cover the water surface of the reservoir. The water surfaces of the upper and lower reservoirs of the pumped storage power station are floated and covered by the plurality of floating units 1. A buoy-type or floating tube-type support structure can be adopted, which can effectively block a large area of ​​sunlight and reduce the evaporation of the water surface of the reservoir. Connecting ropes 4 are provided on the side walls around the floating units 1, and adjacent floating units 1 are connected by connecting ropes 4. The floating units 1 close to the shore of the reservoir are fixedly connected to the reservoir dam body by connecting ropes 4, which can greatly reduce the situation where the floating units 1 are greatly offset by the influence of waves, and prevent the waves from causing hidden cracks in the photovoltaic panels 2 and the floating units 1. In addition, the four side walls of the floating unit 1 are provided with a rope taking-up and releasing device 6. The rope taking-up and releasing device 6 can adopt a winch structure to adjust the length of the connecting rope 4. The connection spacing between the floating units 1 can be adjusted according to the area change of the water surface rise and fall. The two ends of the connecting rope 4 are respectively connected to the rope taking-up and releasing devices 6 of two adjacent floating units 1. A control sensor is arranged on the rope taking-up and releasing device 6. The rope taking-up and releasing device 6 is used to adjust the connection length of the connecting rope 4 and can be automatically controlled. The control sensor can adopt a Hall speed sensor to monitor the number of revolutions of the winch structure of the rope taking-up and releasing device 6, thereby realizing the control of the length of the connecting rope 4.

[0033] Among them, a trail float 18 is arranged on the connecting rope 4, and a plurality of trail floats 18 are connected in series in sequence to form a maintenance passage, which is convenient for workers to walk and carry out maintenance. Multiple ropes can be set between the trail floats 18 to prevent overturning.

[0034] Photovoltaic panels 2, each floating unit 1 is equipped with a photovoltaic panel 2, which forms a sunshade covering the surface of the reservoir, shielding the sunlight directly on the water surface, reducing evaporation of the reservoir surface, and making full use of solar energy to improve energy utilization;

[0035] The floating ball 3 floats on the water surface of the reservoir and is placed in the gaps between the plurality of floating units 1. The floating ball 3 blocks the sunlight at the gaps of the photovoltaic panels 2, further improving the evaporation suppression rate of the system.

[0036] Embodiment 3 of the present invention: A reservoir invalid evaporation ecological suppression system applicable to a pumped storage power station, comprising:

[0037] A plurality of floating units 1 are provided, and the plurality of floating units 1 are connected to float and cover the water surface of the reservoir. The water surfaces of the upper and lower reservoirs of the pumped storage power station are floated and covered by the plurality of floating units 1. A buoy-type or floating tube-type support structure can be adopted, which can effectively block a large area of ​​sunlight and reduce the evaporation of the water surface of the reservoir. Connecting ropes 4 are provided on the side walls around the floating units 1, and adjacent floating units 1 are connected by connecting ropes 4. The floating units 1 close to the shore of the reservoir are fixedly connected to the reservoir dam body by connecting ropes 4, which can greatly reduce the situation where the floating units 1 are greatly offset by the influence of waves, and prevent the waves from causing hidden cracks in the photovoltaic panels 2 and the floating units 1. In addition, the four side walls of the floating unit 1 are provided with a rope taking-up and releasing device 6. The rope taking-up and releasing device 6 can adopt a winch structure to adjust the length of the connecting rope 4. The connection spacing between the floating units 1 can be adjusted according to the area change of the water surface rise and fall. The two ends of the connecting rope 4 are respectively connected to the rope taking-up and releasing devices 6 of two adjacent floating units 1. A control sensor is arranged on the rope taking-up and releasing device 6. The rope taking-up and releasing device 6 is used to adjust the connection length of the connecting rope 4 and can be automatically controlled. The control sensor can adopt a Hall speed sensor to monitor the number of revolutions of the winch structure of the rope taking-up and releasing device 6, thereby realizing the control of the length of the connecting rope 4.

[0038] Among them, a trail float 18 is arranged on the connecting rope 4, and a plurality of trail floats 18 are connected in series in sequence to form a maintenance passage, which is convenient for workers to walk and carry out maintenance. Multiple ropes can be set between the trail floats 18 to prevent overturning.

[0039] Photovoltaic panel 2, each floating unit 1 is installed with a photovoltaic panel 2, the photovoltaic panel 2 forms a sunshade covering the surface of the reservoir, shielding the sunlight directly on the water surface, reducing the evaporation of the reservoir surface, and making full use of solar energy to improve energy utilization rate; four adjustable brackets 5 are fixedly installed on the upper side of the floating unit 1, and the four adjustable brackets 5 are respectively supported at the four corners of the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 2. By adjusting the supporting height of the adjustable brackets 5 respectively, the height, tilt angle and direction of the photovoltaic panel 2 can be adjusted.

[0040] Among them, the adjustable bracket 5 includes a base 51, which is fixed to the upper surface of the floating unit 1. A lifting rod 52 is fixedly installed on the base 51. The lifting rod 52 can be a hydraulic rod connected to an automatic control system. A universal joint 53 is arranged at the top of the lifting rod 52. The top of the lifting rod 52 is connected to the photovoltaic panel 2 through the universal joint 53. The lifting rod 52 can control the support height. The photovoltaic panel 2 is connected by the universal joint 53, so that the photovoltaic panel 2 can change the overall tilt angle when the lifting rod 52 is adjusted.

[0041] The floating ball 3 floats on the water surface of the reservoir and is placed in the gaps between the plurality of floating units 1. The floating ball 3 blocks the sunlight at the gaps of the photovoltaic panels 2, further improving the evaporation suppression rate of the system.

[0042] Embodiment 4 of the present invention: A reservoir invalid evaporation ecological suppression system applicable to a pumped storage power station, comprising:

[0043] A plurality of floating units 1 are provided, and the plurality of floating units 1 are connected to float and cover the water surface of the reservoir. The water surfaces of the upper and lower reservoirs of the pumped storage power station are floated and covered by the plurality of floating units 1. A buoy-type or floating tube-type support structure can be adopted, which can effectively block a large area of ​​sunlight and reduce the evaporation of the water surface of the reservoir. Connecting ropes 4 are provided on the side walls around the floating units 1, and adjacent floating units 1 are connected by connecting ropes 4. The floating units 1 close to the shore of the reservoir are fixedly connected to the reservoir dam body by connecting ropes 4, which can greatly reduce the situation where the floating units 1 are greatly offset by the influence of waves, and prevent the waves from causing hidden cracks in the photovoltaic panels 2 and the floating units 1. In addition, the four side walls of the floating unit 1 are provided with a rope taking-up and releasing device 6. The rope taking-up and releasing device 6 can adopt a winch structure to adjust the length of the connecting rope 4. The connection spacing between the floating units 1 can be adjusted according to the area change of the water surface rise and fall. The two ends of the connecting rope 4 are respectively connected to the rope taking-up and releasing devices 6 of two adjacent floating units 1. A control sensor is arranged on the rope taking-up and releasing device 6. The rope taking-up and releasing device 6 is used to adjust the connection length of the connecting rope 4 and can be automatically controlled. The control sensor can adopt a Hall speed sensor to monitor the number of revolutions of the winch structure of the rope taking-up and releasing device 6, thereby realizing the control of the length of the connecting rope 4.

[0044] Among them, a trail float 18 is arranged on the connecting rope 4, and a plurality of trail floats 18 are connected in series in sequence to form a maintenance passage, which is convenient for workers to walk and carry out maintenance. Multiple ropes can be set between the trail floats 18 to prevent overturning.

[0045] Photovoltaic panel 2, each floating unit 1 is installed with a photovoltaic panel 2, the photovoltaic panel 2 forms a sunshade covering the surface of the reservoir, shielding the sunlight directly on the water surface, reducing the evaporation of the reservoir surface, and making full use of solar energy to improve energy utilization rate; four adjustable brackets 5 are fixedly installed on the upper side of the floating unit 1, and the four adjustable brackets 5 are respectively supported at the four corners of the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 2. By adjusting the supporting height of the adjustable brackets 5 respectively, the height, tilt angle and direction of the photovoltaic panel 2 can be adjusted.

[0046] Among them, the adjustable bracket 5 includes a base 51, which is fixed to the upper surface of the floating unit 1. A lifting rod 52 is fixedly installed on the base 51. The lifting rod 52 can be a hydraulic rod connected to an automatic control system. A universal joint 53 is arranged at the top of the lifting rod 52. The top of the lifting rod 52 is connected to the photovoltaic panel 2 through the universal joint 53. The lifting rod 52 can control the support height. The photovoltaic panel 2 is connected by the universal joint 53, so that the photovoltaic panel 2 can change the overall tilt angle when the lifting rod 52 is adjusted.

[0047] The float 3 floats on the water surface of the reservoir, and is placed in the gap between the multiple floating units 1. The float 3 blocks the sunlight at the gap between the photovoltaic panels 2, further improving the evaporation inhibition rate of the system. The float 3 is made of rubber material, which has a stable structure, low cost, and less environmental impact. The multiple floats 3 are connected to each other by threading connecting lines, which is convenient for recycling the floats 3 to prevent the floats 3 from running around or being lost and causing environmental impact. The surface of the float 3 is white, which reflects sunlight and has a better anti-evaporation effect. The diameter of the float 3 is 35mm-80mm, preferably 40mm. When covering the same area of ​​water, the 40mm and 80mm floats 3 are more economical, and the 40mm diameter float 3 has the best anti-evaporation effect and the best economy.

[0048] Embodiment 5 of the present invention: A reservoir invalid evaporation ecological suppression system applicable to a pumped storage power station, comprising:

[0049] A plurality of floating units 1 are provided, and the plurality of floating units 1 are connected to float and cover the water surface of the reservoir. The water surfaces of the upper and lower reservoirs of the pumped storage power station are floated and covered by the plurality of floating units 1. A buoy-type or floating tube-type support structure can be adopted, which can effectively block a large area of ​​sunlight and reduce the evaporation of the water surface of the reservoir. Connecting ropes 4 are provided on the side walls around the floating units 1, and adjacent floating units 1 are connected by connecting ropes 4. The floating units 1 close to the shore of the reservoir are fixedly connected to the reservoir dam body by connecting ropes 4, which can greatly reduce the situation where the floating units 1 are greatly offset by the influence of waves, and prevent the waves from causing hidden cracks in the photovoltaic panels 2 and the floating units 1. In addition, the four side walls of the floating unit 1 are provided with a rope taking-up and releasing device 6. The rope taking-up and releasing device 6 can adopt a winch structure to adjust the length of the connecting rope 4. The connection spacing between the floating units 1 can be adjusted according to the area change of the water surface rise and fall. The two ends of the connecting rope 4 are respectively connected to the rope taking-up and releasing devices 6 of two adjacent floating units 1. A control sensor is arranged on the rope taking-up and releasing device 6. The rope taking-up and releasing device 6 is used to adjust the connection length of the connecting rope 4 and can be automatically controlled. The control sensor can adopt a Hall speed sensor to monitor the number of revolutions of the winch structure of the rope taking-up and releasing device 6, thereby realizing the control of the length of the connecting rope 4.

[0050] Among them, a trail float 18 is arranged on the connecting rope 4, and a plurality of trail floats 18 are connected in series in sequence to form a maintenance passage, which is convenient for workers to walk and carry out maintenance. Multiple ropes can be set between the trail floats 18 to prevent overturning.

[0051] Photovoltaic panel 2, each floating unit 1 is installed with a photovoltaic panel 2, the photovoltaic panel 2 forms a sunshade covering the surface of the reservoir, shielding the sunlight directly on the water surface, reducing the evaporation of the reservoir surface, and making full use of solar energy to improve energy utilization rate; four adjustable brackets 5 are fixedly installed on the upper side of the floating unit 1, and the four adjustable brackets 5 are respectively supported at the four corners of the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 2. By adjusting the supporting height of the adjustable brackets 5 respectively, the height, tilt angle and direction of the photovoltaic panel 2 can be adjusted.

[0052] Among them, the adjustable bracket 5 includes a base 51, which is fixed to the upper surface of the floating unit 1. A lifting rod 52 is fixedly installed on the base 51. The lifting rod 52 can be a hydraulic rod connected to an automatic control system. A universal joint 53 is arranged at the top of the lifting rod 52. The top of the lifting rod 52 is connected to the photovoltaic panel 2 through the universal joint 53. The lifting rod 52 can control the support height. The photovoltaic panel 2 is connected by the universal joint 53, so that the photovoltaic panel 2 can change the overall tilt angle when the lifting rod 52 is adjusted.

[0053] The float 3 floats on the water surface of the reservoir, and is placed in the gap between the multiple floating units 1. The float 3 blocks the sunlight at the gap between the photovoltaic panels 2, further improving the evaporation inhibition rate of the system. The float 3 is made of rubber material, which has a stable structure, low cost, and less environmental impact. The multiple floats 3 are connected to each other by threading connecting lines, which is convenient for recycling the floats 3 to prevent the floats 3 from running around or being lost and causing environmental impact. The surface of the float 3 is white, which reflects sunlight and has a better anti-evaporation effect. The diameter of the float 3 is 35mm-80mm, preferably 40mm. When covering the same area of ​​water, the 40mm and 80mm floats 3 are more economical, and the 40mm diameter float 3 has the best anti-evaporation effect and the best economy.

[0054] Specifically, the bottom of the floating unit 1 is provided with an air inlet cavity 7 and an air outlet cavity 8 in a sealed structure, the air inlet cavity 7 and the air outlet cavity 8 are inverted on the water surface, the top of the air inlet cavity 7 is provided with an air inlet 9 penetrating the upper surface of the floating unit 1, the top of the air outlet cavity 8 is provided with an air outlet 10 penetrating the upper surface of the floating unit 1, the air inlet 9 and the air outlet 10 are both provided with a one-way valve 11, air can be introduced into the air inlet cavity 7 through the air inlet 9, and the air outlet cavity 8 can discharge gas through the air outlet 10, the tops of the air inlet cavity 7 and the air outlet cavity 8 are connected through a pipe 12, and a steam turbine generator 13 is provided on the pipe 12. When the floating unit 1 is affected by waves, When the sound shakes up and down, the water surface in the air inlet chamber 7 will fluctuate up and down relatively. When the water surface in the air inlet chamber 7 drops relative to the air inlet chamber 7, the air inlet chamber 7 sucks in air along the air inlet port 9. Since the air inlet port 9 is provided with a one-way valve 11, when the water surface in the air inlet chamber 7 rises relative to the air inlet chamber 7, the air in the air inlet chamber 7 is squeezed into the air outlet chamber 8 through the pipe 12 and is discharged through the air outlet 10 of the air outlet chamber 8. When the gas passes through the pipe 12, it drives the steam turbine generator 13 to generate electricity, which can not only use waves to generate electricity and realize energy utilization, but also reduce the amplitude of wave fluctuations by using wave potential energy to do work, thereby reducing the impact of waves on the floating unit 1.

[0055] Embodiment 6 of the present invention: A system for ecologically suppressing ineffective evaporation of a reservoir applicable to a pumped storage power station, comprising:

[0056] The floating unit 1 is provided with a plurality of floating units 1, which are connected to float and cover the water surface of the reservoir. The water surfaces of the upper and lower reservoirs of the pumped storage power station are floated and covered by a plurality of floating units 1. A buoy-type or floating tube-type support structure can be adopted, which can effectively block a large area of ​​sunlight and reduce the evaporation of the water surface of the reservoir; connecting ropes 4 are provided on the side walls around the floating unit 1, and adjacent floating units 1 are connected by connecting ropes 4. The floating unit 1 close to the shore of the reservoir is fixedly connected to the reservoir dam body by the connecting rope 4, which can greatly reduce the situation where the floating unit 1 is greatly offset by the influence of waves, and prevent the photovoltaic panels 2 and The floating unit 1 has hidden cracks; and the four side walls of the floating unit 1 are provided with a rope retracting device 6. The rope retracting device 6 can adopt a winch structure to adjust the length of the connecting rope 4. The connection spacing between the floating units 1 can be adjusted according to the area change of the water surface rise and fall. The two ends of the connecting rope 4 are respectively connected to the rope retracting device 6 of two adjacent floating units 1. A control sensor is provided on the rope retracting device 6. The rope retracting device 6 is used to adjust the connection length of the connecting rope 4 and can be automatically controlled. The control sensor can adopt a Hall speed sensor to monitor the number of revolutions of the winch structure of the rope retracting device 6, thereby realizing the control of the length of the connecting rope 4.

[0057] Among them, a trail float 18 is arranged on the connecting rope 4, and a plurality of trail floats 18 are connected in series in sequence to form a maintenance passage, which is convenient for workers to walk and carry out maintenance. Multiple ropes can be set between the trail floats 18 to prevent overturning.

[0058] Photovoltaic panel 2, each floating unit 1 is installed with a photovoltaic panel 2, the photovoltaic panel 2 forms a sunshade covering the surface of the reservoir, shielding the sunlight directly on the water surface, reducing the evaporation of the reservoir surface, and making full use of solar energy to improve energy utilization rate; four adjustable brackets 5 are fixedly installed on the upper side of the floating unit 1, and the four adjustable brackets 5 are respectively supported at the four corners of the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 2. By adjusting the supporting height of the adjustable brackets 5 respectively, the height, tilt angle and direction of the photovoltaic panel 2 can be adjusted.

[0059] Among them, the adjustable bracket 5 includes a base 51, which is fixed to the upper surface of the floating unit 1. A lifting rod 52 is fixedly installed on the base 51. The lifting rod 52 can be a hydraulic rod connected to an automatic control system. A universal joint 53 is arranged at the top of the lifting rod 52. The top of the lifting rod 52 is connected to the photovoltaic panel 2 through the universal joint 53. The lifting rod 52 can control the support height. The photovoltaic panel 2 is connected by the universal joint 53, so that the photovoltaic panel 2 can change the overall tilt angle when the lifting rod 52 is adjusted.

[0060] The float 3 floats on the water surface of the reservoir, and is placed in the gap between the multiple floating units 1. The float 3 blocks the sunlight at the gap between the photovoltaic panels 2, further improving the evaporation inhibition rate of the system. The float 3 is made of rubber material, which has a stable structure, low cost, and less environmental impact. The multiple floats 3 are connected to each other by threading connecting lines, which is convenient for recycling the floats 3 to prevent the floats 3 from running around or being lost and causing environmental impact. The surface of the float 3 is white, which reflects sunlight and has a better anti-evaporation effect. The diameter of the float 3 is 35mm-80mm, preferably 40mm. When covering the same area of ​​water, the 40mm and 80mm floats 3 are more economical, and the 40mm diameter float 3 has the best anti-evaporation effect and the best economy.

[0061] Specifically, a column 14 is provided in the middle of the lower surface of the floating unit 1, and a vertical turbine 15 is provided at the bottom of the column 14. A generator 16 is provided on the floating unit 1, and the rotor of the generator 16 is connected to one end of a rotating shaft 17, and the other end of the rotating shaft 17 is connected to the turbine 15. When the floating unit 1 is affected by waves and shakes up and down, the floating unit 1 drives the column 14 and the turbine 15 to float up and down, and the turbine 15 and the water produce relative motion, so that the water flows through the inside of the turbine 1 to do work, driving the turbine 1 to rotate, and then generating electricity through the generator 16. It can not only use waves to generate electricity and realize energy utilization, but also reduce the amplitude of wave fluctuations by using wave potential energy to do work, thereby reducing the impact of waves on the floating unit 1, and the column 14 and the turbine 15 extend below the water surface, and their own weight can further improve the stability of the floating unit 1.

[0062] The working principle of an embodiment of the present invention is as follows: the present invention adopts a floating unit 1 loaded with a photovoltaic panel 2 and laid on the surface of the reservoir to block a large area of ​​sunlight, reduce the evaporation of the reservoir surface, and use the light resources to generate electricity and improve the energy utilization rate. Each floating unit 1 is connected to each other by a connecting rope 4 to improve the overall stability, which can greatly reduce the situation where the floating unit 1 is affected by waves and causes a large position displacement, and prevent the photovoltaic panel 2 and the floating unit 1 from being cracked by waves. The photovoltaic panel 2 is fixed on the floating unit 1 through an adjustable bracket 5, and the height, tilt angle and direction of the photovoltaic panel 2 can be adjusted; at the same time, a floating ball 3 is used to fill the gaps between the floating units 1 and the surrounding area of ​​the reservoir bank to further prevent the sun from directly shining on the water surface and improve the evaporation inhibition rate of the system. The floating unit 1 is also provided with a wave resistance device, which adopts a variety of structures to achieve the effect of reducing the impact of waves. It can not only use waves to generate electricity and realize energy utilization, but also reduce the amplitude of wave fluctuations by using the potential energy of waves to do work, and reduce the impact of waves on the floating unit 1.

Claims

1. A reservoir ineffective evaporation ecological suppression system suitable for pumped storage power stations, characterized in that: include: A floating unit (1), wherein a plurality of the floating units (1) are provided, and the plurality of the floating units (1) are connected to float on and cover the water surface of the reservoir; A photovoltaic panel (2), wherein a photovoltaic panel (2) is installed above each of the floating units (1); A floating ball (3), the floating ball (3) floats on the water surface of the reservoir, and the floating ball (3) is placed in the gaps between the plurality of floating units (1).

2. According to claim 1, a reservoir invalid evaporation ecological suppression system suitable for pumped storage power stations is characterized in that: The floating units (1) are provided with connecting ropes (4) on the side walls around them, and adjacent floating units (1) are connected via the connecting ropes (4). The floating units (1) close to the shore of the reservoir are fixedly connected to the reservoir dam body via the connecting ropes (4).

3. The ecological suppression system for ineffective evaporation of a reservoir applicable to a pumped storage power station according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The four side walls of the floating unit (1) are provided with rope retracting devices (6), and the two ends of the connecting rope (4) are respectively connected to the rope retracting devices (6) of two adjacent floating units (1). The rope retracting devices (6) are provided with control sensors, and the rope retracting devices (6) are used to adjust the connection length of the connecting rope (4) and can be automatically controlled.

4. The ecological suppression system for ineffective evaporation of a reservoir applicable to a pumped storage power station according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A walkway float (18) is provided on the connecting rope (4), and a plurality of the walkway floats (18) are sequentially connected in series to form an inspection channel.

5. The ecological suppression system for ineffective evaporation of a reservoir applicable to a pumped storage power station according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Four adjustable brackets (5) are fixedly mounted on the upper side of the floating unit (1), and the four adjustable brackets (5) are respectively supported at the four corners of the bottom of the photovoltaic panel (2).

6. The ecological suppression system for ineffective evaporation of a reservoir applicable to a pumped storage power station according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The adjustable bracket (5) comprises a base (51), the base (51) is fixed to the upper surface of the floating unit (1), a lifting rod (52) is fixedly mounted on the base (51), a universal joint (53) is arranged at the top end of the lifting rod (52), and the top end of the lifting rod (52) is connected to the photovoltaic panel (2) via the universal joint (53).

7. The ecological suppression system for ineffective evaporation of a reservoir applicable to a pumped storage power station according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom of the floating unit (1) is provided with an air inlet chamber (7) and an air outlet chamber (8) in a sealed structure; the top of the air inlet chamber (7) is provided with an air inlet (9) penetrating the upper surface of the floating unit (1); the top of the air outlet chamber (8) is provided with an air outlet (10) penetrating the upper surface of the floating unit (1); both the air inlet (9) and the air outlet (10) are provided with a one-way valve (11); the tops of the air inlet chamber (7) and the air outlet chamber (8) are connected via a pipe (12); and a steam turbine generator (13) is provided on the pipe (12).

8. The ecological suppression system for ineffective evaporation of a reservoir applicable to a pumped storage power station according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A column (14) is arranged in the middle of the lower surface of the floating unit (1), a vertical water turbine (15) is arranged at the bottom of the column (14), a generator (16) is arranged on the floating unit (1), a rotor of the generator (16) is connected to one end of a rotating shaft (17), and the other end of the rotating shaft (17) is connected to the water turbine (15).

9. The ecological suppression system for ineffective evaporation of a reservoir applicable to a pumped storage power station according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The floating balls (3) are made of rubber material, and a plurality of the floating balls (3) are connected to each other via connecting lines.

10. The ecological suppression system for ineffective evaporation of a reservoir applicable to a pumped storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the float (3) is white, and the diameter of the float (3) is 35mm-80mm.

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