Guided planning method for ecological restoration of side slope

Abstract

The invention discloses a guidance planning method for ecological restoration of a side slope, and relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and the main scheme is as follows: collecting multiple data of the side slope; calculating a slope stability index, and presetting a threshold value to judge whether the slope area is in a risk state; calculating a vegetation coverage area, and further calculating a plant suitability index; calculating a plant variety selection index, and further calculating a planting quantity; calculating the water and soil loss rate after restoration; calculating a plant adaptation comprehensive index; calculating an ecological restoration effect index and a vegetation density, and further obtaining a planting layout rationality index; calculating a soil stability index, further calculating a water and soil loss control index, and judging whether the soil loss control state is abnormal or not according to a preset threshold value; calculating a water and soil conservation effect index, further obtaining a vegetation growth comprehensive index, presetting a threshold value to judge the vegetation growth condition, and taking corresponding remediation measures; the method can effectively guarantee scientificity and effectiveness of ecological restoration of the side slope.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular to a guiding planning method for slope ecological restoration. Background Art

[0002] Slopes often face the problem of reduced stability under the influence of natural environment and human engineering activities. This will not only lead to soil erosion and damage the surrounding ecological environment, but also cause geological disasters such as landslides and collapses. With the increasing awareness of ecological environmental protection, how to achieve ecological environmental restoration and improvement while ensuring slope stability has become an important issue that needs to be solved in this field.

[0003] Existing slope ecological restoration technologies usually include the following principles: basic data such as the topography, geological structure and soil type of the slope are surveyed and then a preliminary assessment of the slope stability is made. On this basis, vegetation planting is usually selected for ecological restoration.

[0004] The existing technology often uses relatively simple measurement methods when surveying slopes, and the data obtained is not comprehensive and accurate enough. For example, in the detection of the geological structure of the slope, the physical and mechanical properties of different strata are not deeply analyzed, resulting in inaccurate assessment of slope stability. In terms of vegetation selection, the existing technology does not fully consider the adaptability, drought resistance, barrenness resistance and coordination with the surrounding ecological environment of the plants. In addition, there is a lack of monitoring of the growth status of vegetation, and it is impossible to repair and remedy the introduced plants in a timely manner. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues to be resolved In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a guiding planning method for slope ecological restoration, which collects multiple data of the slope; calculates the slope stability index, and presets a threshold to determine whether the slope area is in a risk state; calculates the vegetation coverage area, and further calculates the plant suitability index; calculates the plant species selection index, and then calculates the planting quantity; calculates the soil and water loss rate after restoration; calculates the comprehensive plant adaptation index; calculates the ecological restoration effect index and vegetation density, and further obtains the planting layout rationality index; calculates the soil stability index, and then calculates the soil and water loss control index, and presets a threshold to determine whether the soil loss control state is abnormal; calculates the soil and water conservation effect index, and then obtains the vegetation growth comprehensive index, and presets a threshold to determine the vegetation growth status, and takes corresponding restoration measures, thereby solving the problems of incomplete consideration in plant selection and low restoration efficiency.

[0006] (II) Technical solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a guidance planning method for slope ecological restoration, comprising: Step 1: Collect the terrain parameter data, soil parameter data, environmental parameter data and vegetation growth status data of the slope; Step 2: Calculate the slope stability index based on terrain parameter data and soil parameter data ; Preset the slope stability index threshold, and set the slope stability index Compare with the slope stability index threshold and judge whether the slope area is in a risky state based on the result; Step 3: When the slope area is at risk, according to the terrain parameter data and slope stability index , calculate vegetation cover area According to vegetation coverage area , soil parameter data and environmental parameter data, calculate the plant suitability index ; According to the plant suitability index , soil parameter data and environmental parameter data, calculate plant species selection index , and then calculate the number of plantings ; Step 4: Based on soil parameter data, terrain parameter data, vegetation coverage area and planting quantity Calculate the soil erosion rate after restoration ; Step 5: Calculate the comprehensive plant adaptation index based on environmental parameter data , according to the soil erosion rate after restoration and plant adaptation index , calculate the ecological restoration effect index ; According to the ecological restoration effect index and environmental parameter data to calculate vegetation density , and further obtain the planting layout rationality index ; Step 6: According to the planting layout rationality index and soil parameter data to calculate soil stability index , and then calculate the soil and water loss control index ; Preset the threshold of soil and water loss control index, and set the soil and water loss control index Compare with the soil and water loss control index threshold, and judge whether the soil loss control status is abnormal according to the result; Step 7: When the soil loss control status is abnormal, based on the soil and water loss control index Calculate the soil and water conservation effect index ; Based on vegetation growth status data and soil and water conservation effect index , calculate the comprehensive vegetation growth index ; Preset the threshold of vegetation growth comprehensive index, and set the vegetation growth comprehensive index Compare with the comprehensive vegetation growth index threshold, judge the vegetation growth status based on the results, and take corresponding restoration measures.

[0007] In the above preferred embodiment of the guiding planning method for slope ecological restoration, the method for determining whether the slope area is in a risk state is: Topographic parameter data including the bottom inclination of the soil strip ; Soil parameter data including soil bar gravity , pore water pressure , bottom cohesion and bottom length ; According to the bottom inclination ,gravity , pore water pressure , bottom cohesion and bottom length , calculate the slope stability index , the calculation formula is:

[0008] in, is the gravity of the i-th soil strip, i is the sequence number of the soil strip, and its value is [1, n]; n is the total number of soil strips, and its value is a positive integer; is the pore water pressure of the ith soil strip; is the bottom inclination angle of the i-th soil strip; is the bottom cohesion of the ith soil strip; is the bottom length of the i-th soil strip; Preset Slope Stability Index Threshold ;when When , the slope area is judged to be unstable and in a risky state; when When the slope area is stable, it is judged to be in a risk-free state.

[0009] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned method for guiding planning of slope ecological restoration: calculating the plant suitability index The method is: The terrain parameter data also includes the total slope area ; Soil parameter data also includes soil suitability index and slope suitability index ; Environmental parameter data including light suitability index ; According to the total slope area and slope stability index , calculate vegetation cover area , the calculation formula is:

[0010] According to vegetation coverage , soil suitability index , slope suitability index and light suitability index , calculate the plant suitability index , the calculation formula is:

[0011] in, Vegetation coverage area The weight coefficient is between 0.2 and 0.4; Soil suitability index The weight coefficient is between 0.1 and 0.3; is the slope suitability index The weight coefficient is between 0.3 and 0.5; Light suitability index The weight coefficient is between 0.2 and 0.4; and .

[0012] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned method for guiding planning of slope ecological restoration: calculating the number of plantings The method is: Soil parameter data also includes soil pH and soil fertility ; Environmental parameter data also includes light intensity ; According to the plant suitability index , soil pH , soil fertility and light intensity , calculate the plant species selection index for different plants , the calculation formula is:

[0013] Among them, e is a natural constant with a value of 2.71828; the plant species selection index of different plants is The plant species corresponding to the maximum value in is taken as the introduced plant species; Plant species selection index according to introduced plant species and the total slope area , calculate the number of plantings , the calculation formula is:

[0014] in, is the target vegetation coverage; is the adjustment factor.

[0015] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned method for guiding planning of slope ecological restoration: calculating the soil and water loss rate after restoration The method is: Soil parameter data also includes soil erosion rate ; According to the soil erosion rate , total slope area , Vegetation Cover Area and planting quantity , calculate the soil erosion rate after restoration , the calculation formula is:

[0016] in, is the soil and water loss reduction coefficient.

[0017] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned method for guiding planning of slope ecological restoration: calculating the ecological restoration effect index The method is: Environmental parameter data also include the adaptability index of introduced plants , drought tolerance index and barrenness index ; According to the adaptability index , drought tolerance index and barrenness index , calculate the comprehensive index of plant adaptation , the calculation formula is:

[0018] in, Adaptability Index The weight coefficient is between 0.1 and 0.3; Drought tolerance index The weight coefficient is between 0.3 and 0.4; Barrenness Index The weight coefficient is between 0.3 and 0.5; ; According to the soil erosion rate after restoration and plant adaptation index , calculate the ecological restoration effect index , the calculation formula is:

[0019] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned method for guiding planning of slope ecological restoration: calculating vegetation density The method is: Environmental parameter data also includes local average wind speed ; According to the ecological restoration effect index , light intensity and local average wind speed , calculate vegetation density , the calculation formula is:

[0020] in, is a constant; The light intensity is most suitable for vegetation growth.

[0021] In the preferred scheme of the above-mentioned guiding planning method for slope ecological restoration: calculating the planting layout rationality index The method is: According to soil fertility and vegetation density , calculate the planting layout rationality index , the calculation formula is:

[0022] Where, h is the planting depth; For soil fertility The weight coefficient is between 0.2 and 0.3; is the vegetation density The weight coefficient is between 0.3 and 0.4; is the weight coefficient of planting depth h, ranging from 0.4 to 0.5; and .

[0023] In the above preferred embodiment of the guiding planning method for slope ecological restoration, the method for judging whether the soil loss control state is abnormal is: Soil parameter data also includes soil cohesion and soil internal friction angle ; Environmental parameter data also includes rainfall intensity ; According to the planting layout rationality index , soil cohesion and soil internal friction angle , calculate soil stability index , the calculation formula is:

[0024] in, is the soil porosity ratio; According to rainfall intensity and soil stability index , calculate the soil and water loss control index , the calculation formula is:

[0025] in, is the soil permeability coefficient; is the vegetation interception rate; Preset soil and water loss control index threshold ;when When When the soil loss control status is normal.

[0026] In the above preferred embodiment of the guiding planning method for slope ecological restoration, the method for judging the vegetation growth status is: Vegetation growth status data including vegetation biomass , Leaf Area Index and vegetation root biomass ; Based on Soil and Water Loss Control Index , calculate the soil and water conservation effect index , the calculation formula is:

[0027] Among them, a is a constant of one, b is a constant of two; According to vegetation growth status data and soil and water conservation effect index , calculate the comprehensive vegetation growth index , the calculation formula is:

[0028] The comprehensive index threshold of vegetation growth includes the comprehensive index threshold of vegetation growth and vegetation growth comprehensive index threshold 2 ,and ; when When the vegetation growth condition is judged to be poor, restoration measures 1 are taken; when When the vegetation growth condition is judged to be moderate, restoration measure 2 is adopted; when When the vegetation growth condition is judged to be good, the third restoration measure is taken.

[0029] (III) Beneficial effects The present invention provides a guidance planning method for slope ecological restoration, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) Topographic parameter data helps to understand the geomorphological characteristics of the slope, which is of great significance for judging the stability of the slope and designing restoration plans. Soil parameter data can reflect the physical and chemical properties of the soil, thereby determining the types of plants suitable for growth. Environmental parameter data can be used to evaluate the impact of the surrounding ecological environment on slope restoration. Vegetation growth status data can intuitively reflect the current growth status of vegetation on the slope, providing a basis for subsequent judgment on whether vegetation growth is normal and what kind of restoration measures to take.

[0030] (2) Calculating the slope stability index can scientifically evaluate the stability of the slope. By presetting the threshold and making a comparison, it is possible to accurately determine whether the slope is in a risky state, which helps to detect potential geological disasters such as landslides and collapses in advance, and take preventive and control measures in a timely manner to ensure the safety of the area around the slope.

[0031] (3) Calculating the plant suitability index, plant species selection index and planting quantity can help plan vegetation restoration plans in a targeted manner. Selecting appropriate plant species and quantities for planting according to the actual conditions of the slope can not only improve the survival rate of vegetation, but also enhance the stability of the slope through the soil-fixing effect of the vegetation roots.

[0032] (4) Calculating the soil and water loss rate after restoration will help control the soil and water loss rate, reduce soil erosion, and protect soil resources.

[0033] (5) Calculating vegetation density and planting layout rationality index can comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of ecological restoration programs. Through this comprehensive evaluation, problems in the restoration process can be discovered in a timely manner, such as whether the vegetation density is reasonable and whether the native plants are adaptable, thereby improving the quality and efficiency of ecological restoration.

[0034] (6) Calculate the soil stability index and soil erosion control index, and judge the soil erosion control status by comparing the preset thresholds, which can effectively monitor the stability of the soil. If the abnormal state of soil erosion control is discovered in time, targeted measures can be taken to remedy the situation and prevent further soil loss.

[0035] (7) Calculate the soil and water conservation effect index and the comprehensive vegetation growth index, and compare them with the preset threshold to judge the vegetation growth status, so as to accurately understand the vegetation growth status. Take corresponding restoration measures according to the judgment results, and adjust the vegetation management strategy in time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the steps of a guiding planning method for slope ecological restoration according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the working steps of step 2 in a guidance planning method for slope ecological restoration of the present invention; Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of the working steps of step 7 in the guiding planning method for slope ecological restoration of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] See also Figure 1-Figure 3 The present invention provides a guiding planning method for slope ecological restoration, comprising: Step 1: Collect the terrain parameter data, soil parameter data, environmental parameter data and vegetation growth status data of the slope.

[0039] Comprehensive step 1: This method can provide basic data support for the subsequent comprehensive and scientific assessment of slope conditions, and help formulate accurate and effective ecological restoration plans.

[0040] Step 2: Calculate the slope stability index based on terrain parameter data and soil parameter data ; Preset the slope stability index threshold, and set the slope stability index The result is compared with the slope stability index threshold and used to determine whether the slope area is in a risky state.

[0041] Step 201: Calculate the slope stability index , the specific steps include: Topographic parameter data including the bottom inclination of the soil strip .

[0042] It should be noted that in the field of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering, soil strips refer to the division of sliding soil, such as the part of soil that may slide in slope stability analysis, into several long strip-shaped soil units perpendicular to the sliding direction. By setting measuring poles at both ends of the bottom of the soil strip, the angle between the line connecting the two poles and the horizontal plane is directly measured using a theodolite. This angle is the bottom inclination of the soil strip. .

[0043] Soil parameter data including soil bar gravity , pore water pressure , bottom cohesion and bottom length .

[0044] It should be noted that the mass of the soil strip is measured by using a weighing tool such as an electronic scale or a ground pump to obtain the mass. ; then the gravity of the soil strip ; or measure the volume of the wiped-off and density , obtained by calculation, ; where g is the acceleration due to gravity and its value is The pore water pressure is directly measured by placing a pore water pressure gauge into the borehole to obtain the pore water pressure. By using a triaxial instrument placed in the soil, uniform confining pressure and axial pressure are applied respectively until the sample soil is destroyed; the axial pressure value at the time of destruction is recorded; the strength envelope is drawn according to the confining pressure and axial pressure values, and the intercept of the strength envelope on the vertical axis is the bottom cohesion . Use a tape measure to measure the length of the bottom of the soil strip to get the bottom length .

[0045] According to the bottom inclination ,gravity , pore water pressure , bottom cohesion and bottom length , calculate the slope stability index , the calculation formula is:

[0046] in, is the gravity of the i-th soil strip, i is the sequence number of the soil strip, and its value is [1, n]; n is the total number of soil strips, and its value is a positive integer; is the pore water pressure of the ith soil strip; is the bottom inclination angle of the i-th soil strip; is the bottom cohesion of the ith soil strip; is the bottom length of the i-th soil strip.

[0047] It should be noted that This term represents the gravity and pore water pressure of the i-th soil strip The component of force in the direction perpendicular to the bottom of the soil strip. represents the bottom cohesion of the i-th soil strip along the length of the bottom of the soil strip The total anti-sliding force is calculated by summing up all the soil strips. It represents the effective gravity component and pore water pressure component of the ith soil strip along the slope sliding direction. The sum of all soil strips represents the total sliding force.

[0048] Step 202: Determine whether the slope area is in a risk state. The specific steps include: Preset Slope Stability Index Threshold ; By collecting the slope stability and good slope engineering data completed in the past, including pore water pressure, bottom cohesion and bottom length, etc. Analyze these data, calculate the slope stability index of each slope engineering; and calculate the average slope stability index of these slope engineering , then This value is used as the slope stability index threshold .

[0049] when When , the slope area is judged to be unstable and in a risky state; when When the slope area is stable, it is judged to be in a risk-free state.

[0050] Comprehensive step 201~step 202: This method can quickly and accurately determine whether there are risks on the slope. This helps to detect potential slope instability problems in advance, take preventive measures in time, avoid disasters such as slope collapse, and ensure the safety of surrounding areas.

[0051] Step 3: When the slope area is at risk, according to the terrain parameter data and slope stability index , calculate vegetation cover area According to vegetation coverage area , soil parameter data and environmental parameter data, calculate the plant suitability index ; According to the plant suitability index , soil parameter data and environmental parameter data, calculate plant species selection index , and then calculate the number of plantings .

[0052] Step 301: Calculate plant suitability index , the specific steps include: The terrain parameter data also includes the total slope area .

[0053] It should be noted that the GPS device installed on the measuring vehicle is used to carry out mobile measurement in the slope area to obtain the GPS coordinates of multiple points on the slope boundary; the measured coordinate data is transmitted to the computer, processed using the GIS geographic information system software, and the total area of ​​the slope is calculated to obtain the total area of ​​the slope .

[0054] Soil parameter data also includes soil suitability index and slope suitability index .

[0055] It should be noted that remote sensing images and DEM digital elevation model data of the study area were obtained; information such as soil type and vegetation coverage was extracted through remote sensing image interpretation. Information such as soil type and vegetation coverage and DEM data were imported into GIS software; terrain slope information was calculated using DEM data. In the GIS remote sensing and geographic information system software, a hierarchical analysis method model was established to assign weights to factors such as soil type, slope and vegetation coverage. For soil type, a value of 1 was assigned to sandy soil, a value of 3 was assigned to loam, and a value of 2 was assigned to clay. For slope, a value of 2 was assigned to a slope of 0~5°; a value of 3 was assigned to a slope of 5°~15°; and a value of 5 was assigned to a slope above 15°. For vegetation coverage, a value of 3 was assigned to a vegetation coverage between 0~30%; a value of 2 was assigned to a vegetation coverage between 30~70%; and a value of 1 was assigned to a vegetation coverage above 70%; the weight of the soil type is , the slope weight is , the weight of vegetation coverage is ; Then, the soil suitability index is obtained by weighted calculation based on the scores of soil type, slope and vegetation coverage. For example, when the soil type is clay, the slope is 13°, and the vegetation coverage is 60% in the study area, the soil suitability index is calculated as , .

[0056] Obtain the DEM data of the study area, open the DEM data in the GIS software, and use the slope analysis function of the software to calculate the slope value of each grid cell; assign slope suitability levels to different slopes. For example, for agricultural irrigation, 0-5° is a suitable level, and the suitability index is assigned a value of 3; 5-15° is a moderately suitable level, and the suitability index is assigned a value of 2; and above 15° is an unsuitable level, and the suitability index is assigned a value of 1. According to the above assignment, each grid cell is assigned a slope suitability index as the slope suitability index. .

[0057] Environmental parameter data including light suitability index for different plants .

[0058] It should be noted that the light intensity was measured at multiple locations in the study area using a light meter. The light intensity was measured every two hours throughout the day. The average light intensity was obtained by adding up all the measured values ​​in one day and dividing by the number of measurements. Starting from sunrise, when the light intensity reaches the threshold for plant photosynthesis, the timing starts, and the timing stops when the light intensity falls below the threshold again, and the effective light duration is obtained. This threshold can be obtained by consulting plant physiological data, and the threshold is different for different plants.

[0059] According to the average light intensity and effective light duration , then calculate the light suitability index of different plants , the calculation formula is:

[0060] in, The reference light intensity required for plant growth; For reference lighting duration.

[0061] It should be noted that the reference light intensity required for plant growth was obtained by consulting the literature on the growth requirements of different plants under study. According to the growth characteristics of different plants under study, obtain reference light duration from agricultural scientific research materials or plant cultivation manuals .

[0062] According to the total slope area and slope stability index , calculate vegetation cover area , the calculation formula is:

[0063] It should be noted that The partial formula shows the influence of slope stability on the vegetation cover area. The overall formula shows the area that can actually be used for vegetation cover when the total slope area and slope stability are taken into account.

[0064] According to vegetation coverage , soil suitability index , slope suitability index and light suitability index , calculate the plant suitability index , the calculation formula is:

[0065] in, Vegetation coverage area The weight coefficient is between 0.2 and 0.4; Soil suitability index The weight coefficient is between 0.1 and 0.3; is the slope suitability index The weight coefficient is between 0.3 and 0.5; Light suitability index The weight coefficient is between 0.2 and 0.4; and .

[0066] It should be noted that this formula takes into account the vegetation coverage area. , soil suitability index , slope suitability index and light suitability index These four important parameters. Each parameter has a corresponding weight coefficient, indicating the importance of the weight coefficient in calculating the plant suitability index. By multiplying each parameter with its corresponding weight coefficient and then summing them up, a plant suitability index that comprehensively describes the plant is obtained. .

[0067] Step 302: Calculate the number of plantings , the specific steps include: Soil parameter data also includes soil pH and soil fertility .

[0068] It should be noted that the soil pH is directly measured by using a portable soil pH meter to obtain the soil pH. . By chemically analyzing the soil, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other components in the soil are obtained. For each component content, score according to the following standards: when the nitrogen content is less than 0.05%, assign 1 point; when 0.05%≤nitrogen content<0.1%, assign 3 points; when the nitrogen content is ≥0.1%, assign 5 points. When the phosphorus content is less than 0.02%, assign 1 point; when 0.02%≤phosphorus content<0.05%, assign 3 points; when the phosphorus content is ≥0.05%, assign 5 points. When the potassium content is less than 0.5%, assign 1 point; when 0.5%≤potassium content<1%, assign 3 points; when the potassium content is ≥1%, assign 5 points. When the organic matter content is less than 1%, assign 1 point; when 1%≤organic matter content<2%, assign 3 points; when the organic matter content is ≥2%, assign 5 points. Assuming that the weights of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic matter are 0.3, 0.2, 0.2, and 0.3 respectively, the weighted summation method is used to calculate the comprehensive fertility value, and the soil fertility is further obtained. For example, when the nitrogen content is 0.07%, the phosphorus content is 0.04%, the potassium content is 0.8%, and the organic matter content is 1%, the soil fertility is .

[0069] Environmental parameter data also includes light intensity .

[0070] It should be noted that the light intensity is directly measured by using a light meter to obtain the light intensity .

[0071] According to the plant suitability index , soil pH , soil fertility and light intensity , calculate the plant species selection index for different plants , the calculation formula is:

[0072] Among them, e is a natural constant with a value of 2.71828.

[0073] It should be noted that is a natural logarithmic function. The value of is usually between 0 and 14. After adding 1 and taking the natural logarithm, The value is converted to a positive number that contributes to the exponent. This part takes into account the influence of soil fertility. The exponential function of the natural constant e is used because soil fertility has a significant promoting effect on plant growth, and this effect often shows an exponential growth relationship. This part takes into account the combined effects of light intensity and plant suitability index. This formula can comprehensively evaluate the selection index of plant species suitable for planting under given soil pH, soil fertility, and light intensity conditions. .

[0074] Plant species selection index for selecting different plants The plant species corresponding to the maximum value in is taken as the introduced plant species. For example, if there are plants A, B, and C, and their CSI values ​​are 10, 15, and 8 respectively, then the maximum value is 15, and the corresponding plant is B.

[0075] Plant species selection index according to introduced plant species and the total slope area , calculate the number of plantings , the calculation formula is:

[0076] in, is the target vegetation coverage; is the adjustment factor.

[0077] It should be noted that obtaining the target vegetation coverage According to the vegetation coverage area and the total slope area , calculate the target vegetation coverage , .

[0078] Get the adjustment factor By inputting the soil properties, light intensity and precipitation of the study area into the FORE-SCE ecological model software, the FORE-SCE ecological model is run to simulate the vegetation growth under different planting quantities and slope conditions to obtain the simulated vegetation coverage. The simulated vegetation coverage is compared with the actual target vegetation coverage, and the relevant parameters in the model are adjusted to make the simulation results close to the actual target. The parameters determined at this time are the adjustment coefficients. .

[0079] It should be noted that It indicates the vegetation coverage area required according to the target vegetation coverage rate in the total slope area. Used to adjust the planting quantity; When it is larger, the denominator is smaller and the value of the whole fraction is larger, which means that the planting quantity will increase accordingly after considering the suitability of plants and other adjustment factors. The "1" in the denominator is a benchmark value used to ensure that the denominator will not be less than 0.

[0080] Comprehensive step 301~step 302: This method can ensure that the plants most suitable for the local environment are selected for planting. While ensuring the stability of the slope, it also improves the survival rate and growth quality of vegetation, thus achieving an organic combination of ecological restoration and slope protection.

[0081] Step 4: Based on soil parameter data, terrain parameter data, vegetation coverage area and planting quantity Calculate the soil erosion rate after restoration .

[0082] Step 401: Calculate the soil erosion rate after restoration , the specific steps include: Soil parameter data also includes soil erosion rate .

[0083] It should be noted that by setting up monitoring plots in the study area, the time Internal soil loss , then calculate the soil and water loss rate , the calculation formula is:

[0084] in, is the sample plot area.

[0085] According to the soil erosion rate , total slope area , Vegetation Cover Area and planting quantity , calculate the soil erosion rate after restoration , the calculation formula is:

[0086] in, is the soil and water loss reduction coefficient.

[0087] It should be noted that the soil and water loss reduction coefficient , by selecting several experimental areas with similar slope conditions such as soil type, slope, and original vegetation, they were divided into experimental and control groups. In a rainy season, the amount of soil and water loss in the control group and the experimental group in one day was measured, and then the soil and water loss in the control group was obtained by drying and weighing. and soil erosion in the experimental group ; then calculate the soil and water loss reduction coefficient , .

[0088] It should be noted that This part shows the impact of vegetation cover on soil erosion. The formula calculates the soil erosion rate after restoration by taking into account the original soil erosion rate, vegetation cover and planting quantity. .

[0089] Comprehensive step 4: This method helps to avoid the negative impacts on the ecosystem caused by excessive or insufficient introductions. It can also predict soil erosion after restoration, providing a quantitative basis for evaluating restoration effects.

[0090] Step 5: Calculate the comprehensive plant adaptation index based on environmental parameter data , according to the soil erosion rate after restoration and plant adaptation index , calculate the ecological restoration effect index ; According to the ecological restoration effect index and environmental parameter data to calculate vegetation density , and further obtain the planting layout rationality index .

[0091] Step 501: Calculate the ecological restoration effect index , the specific steps include: Environmental parameter data also include the adaptability index of introduced plants , drought tolerance index and barrenness index .

[0092] It should be noted that by using the L-system plant growth model, biological characteristics data such as plant photosynthetic characteristics and water use efficiency, as well as environmental data such as soil nutrients and climate data in the study area, are collected; the data is input into the model, and the simulation is run to obtain the adaptability simulation results of plants in different environments. Based on the model output results, the adaptability index is obtained. .

[0093] By collecting the growth data of plants under different drought conditions, including the degree of leaf wilting and changes in growth rate, and recording the corresponding drought-related data such as soil moisture content, a linear regression model is selected, with the degree of leaf wilting and changes in growth rate as dependent variables and drought data as independent variables. The model is then trained using the collected data to determine the model parameters. Finally, the trained model is used to predict the performance of plants under different drought conditions, and then the drought tolerance index is determined. .

[0094] By setting up treatment groups with different soil fertility gradients in the field; planting plants in different fertility treatment groups, regularly measuring plant height, biomass, leaf color and other growth indicators during the growth process; obtaining the growth rate of plants under poor soil conditions based on the growth performance of plants under different fertility levels and the growth rate of plants under fertile soil conditions , then calculate the barrenness index , .

[0095] According to the adaptability index , drought tolerance index and barrenness index , calculate the comprehensive index of plant adaptation , the calculation formula is:

[0096] in, Adaptability Index The weight coefficient is between 0.1 and 0.3; Drought tolerance index The weight coefficient is between 0.3 and 0.4; Barrenness Index The weight coefficient is between 0.3 and 0.5; .

[0097] It should be noted that this formula takes into account the adaptability index , drought tolerance index and barrenness index These three important parameters. Each parameter has a corresponding weight coefficient, indicating the importance of the parameter in calculating the comprehensive index of plant adaptation. The importance of different parameters is determined by multiplying each parameter by its corresponding weight coefficient and then summing them to obtain the comprehensive plant adaptation index. .

[0098] According to the soil erosion rate after restoration and plant adaptation index , calculate the ecological restoration effect index , the calculation formula is:

[0099] It should be noted that this formula evaluates the effect of ecological restoration by comprehensively considering the soil erosion control effect and the adaptation of native plants. If ecological restoration can effectively reduce the soil erosion rate and native plants can adapt well to the restored environment, then the ecological restoration effect index It will be higher, indicating that the ecological restoration has achieved better results.

[0100] Step 502: Calculate vegetation density , the specific steps include: Environmental parameter data also includes local average wind speed .

[0101] It should be noted that the wind speed is measured every other day using an anemometer, and the data is recorded and summarized. The wind speed data measured in a year is summed up and divided by the number of measurements to obtain the local average wind speed. .

[0102] According to the ecological restoration effect index , light intensity and local average wind speed , calculate vegetation density , the calculation formula is:

[0103] in, is a constant; The light intensity is most suitable for vegetation growth.

[0104] It should be noted that the light intensity that is most suitable for vegetation growth is By determining the type of target vegetation and searching for relevant research literature in academic databases, we can obtain the light intensity that is most suitable for vegetation growth. .

[0105] It should be noted that It means that the greater the wind speed, the larger the denominator and the smaller the vegetation density. Indicates when the light intensity Close to the optimal light intensity When the light intensity is Away from the most suitable light intensity When , this item increases and the vegetation density decreases. This formula comprehensively considers the effects of ecological restoration, light intensity and wind speed on vegetation density. By adjusting these parameters, the change of vegetation density can be calculated.

[0106] Step 503: Calculate the planting layout rationality index , the specific steps include: According to soil fertility and vegetation density , calculate the planting layout rationality index , the calculation formula is:

[0107] Where, h is the planting depth; For soil fertility The weight coefficient is between 0.2 and 0.3; is the vegetation density The weight coefficient is between 0.3 and 0.4; is the weight coefficient of planting depth h, ranging from 0.4 to 0.5; and .

[0108] It should be noted that to obtain the planting depth h, for plants that have already been planted, the soil profile method is used, that is, the soil is dug up and the root depth is directly measured using a ruler. For seeds or seedlings, the burial depth is recorded during planting to obtain the planting depth h.

[0109] It should be noted that this formula takes soil fertility into consideration. , vegetation density and planting depth h. Each parameter has a corresponding weight coefficient, which indicates the importance of calculating the rationality index of planting layout. The rationality index of planting layout is obtained by multiplying each parameter with its corresponding weight coefficient and then summing them up. .

[0110] Comprehensive steps 501 to 503: This method can comprehensively evaluate the effects of ecological restoration in terms of plant adaptation, soil and water loss control, and vegetation layout, which helps to optimize restoration plans and improve the overall benefits of ecological restoration.

[0111] Step 6: According to the planting layout rationality index and soil parameter data to calculate soil stability index , and then calculate the soil and water loss control index ; Preset the threshold of soil and water loss control index, and set the soil and water loss control index Compare with the soil and water loss control index threshold and determine whether the soil loss control status is abnormal based on the result.

[0112] Step 601: Calculate the soil and water loss control index , the specific steps include: Soil parameter data also includes soil cohesion and soil internal friction angle .

[0113] It should be noted that by using a triaxial compression instrument to conduct a triaxial compression test, different confining pressures are applied to the soil, and then pressure is applied in the axial direction until the sample fails. The axial stress when the sample fails under different confining pressures is recorded, and the Mohr-Coulomb strength envelope is drawn. The intercept of this straight line is the soil cohesion. ; The slope of this straight line is the soil internal friction angle .

[0114] Environmental parameter data also includes rainfall intensity .

[0115] It should be noted that the rainfall intensity is obtained by measuring with a rain gauge, recording the duration of rainfall, and dividing the measured rainfall by the duration of rainfall. .

[0116] According to the planting layout rationality index , soil cohesion and soil internal friction angle , calculate soil stability index , the calculation formula is:

[0117] in, is the soil porosity ratio.

[0118] It should be noted that the soil porosity ratio , by using a nuclear density meter placed at the test point, the instrument measures the wet density of the soil by emitting and receiving radiation and water content , then the dry density of the soil is ; Get soil particle density , calculate the soil void ratio , .

[0119] It should be noted that It represents the tangent value of the soil internal friction angle, which is related to the soil's shear strength. The larger the value, the stronger the soil's shear resistance. The influence of soil porosity is taken into account. The larger the soil porosity, the larger the denominator and the smaller the value of the entire fraction, which means the lower the stability of the soil. The soil stability index is calculated by multiplying the planting layout rationality index with the soil cohesion, a comprehensive factor that takes into account the soil internal friction angle and porosity. .

[0120] According to rainfall intensity and soil stability index , calculate the soil and water loss control index , the calculation formula is:

[0121] in, is the soil permeability coefficient; is the vegetation interception rate.

[0122] It should be noted that the soil permeability coefficient , by drilling holes in the soil and injecting water into the holes to maintain a certain head height. Measure the amount of water injected in a certain period of time Calculate the soil permeability coefficient , the calculation formula is:

[0123] in, is the cross-sectional area of ​​water flow; is the hydraulic gradient.

[0124] Get vegetation interception rate , by using rain gauges to measure the total rainfall in the study area and the amount of rainfall that reaches the ground through the vegetation canopy ; then calculate the vegetation interception rate , .

[0125] It should be noted that the formula multiplies soil stability, soil infiltration capacity and vegetation interception capacity, and then divides it by rainfall intensity, taking into account the soil's own characteristics, soil moisture infiltration, vegetation interception of rainfall, and the impact of rainfall intensity on soil erosion, thus deriving an index that can reflect the control of soil erosion. The higher this index is, the better the control effect of soil erosion is under the current conditions.

[0126] Step 602: Determine whether the soil loss control state is abnormal. The specific steps include: Preset soil and water loss control index threshold By using the hydrological model, the topography, soil, vegetation, rainfall and other relevant parameters of the study area are input into the model to simulate soil and water loss under different scenarios and obtain the corresponding soil and water loss control index. The model simulation results were compared with the actual observation data to verify, and the model parameters were adjusted to make the simulation results consistent with the actual situation. In the model, when the simulated soil erosion state changes from normal to abnormal, the corresponding The value is used as the threshold of soil and water loss control index .

[0127] when When When the soil loss control status is normal.

[0128] Comprehensive step 601~step 602: This method can timely monitor the soil loss control status, discover possible soil and water loss problems in advance, ensure the stability of the soil during ecological restoration, and prevent restoration failure due to soil loss.

[0129] Step 7: When the soil loss control status is abnormal, based on the soil and water loss control index Calculate the soil and water conservation effect index ; Based on vegetation growth status data and soil and water conservation effect index , calculate the comprehensive vegetation growth index ; Preset the threshold of vegetation growth comprehensive index, and set the vegetation growth comprehensive index Compare with the comprehensive vegetation growth index threshold, judge the vegetation growth status based on the results, and take corresponding restoration measures.

[0130] Step 701: Calculate the comprehensive vegetation growth index , the specific steps include: Vegetation growth status data including vegetation biomass , Leaf Area Index and vegetation root biomass .

[0131] It should be noted that the vegetation biomass was obtained by harvesting all the vegetation and bringing them back to the laboratory, drying them at a certain temperature to a constant weight, and weighing them on a scale. The leaf area index meter is used to measure the light transmittance above and below the vegetation canopy. Based on the instrument's built-in algorithm and light transmittance data, the vegetation leaf area index can be obtained. The root biomass of vegetation was obtained by digging the plant roots, drying them at a certain temperature to a constant weight, and weighing them on a scale. .

[0132] Based on Soil and Water Loss Control Index , calculate the soil and water conservation effect index , the calculation formula is:

[0133] Among them, a is a constant of one, and b is a constant of two.

[0134] It should be noted that the soil and water loss control index under different soil and water loss control measures has been obtained through a large number of field experiments and observation data. and the corresponding soil and water conservation effect index Then use statistical analysis software, such as Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, to perform linear regression analysis, which can be specifically to convert the measured and recorded soil and water loss control index under different soil and water loss control measures into a linear regression analysis. Values ​​and corresponding soil and water conservation effect index The value is input into the data view of SPSS software. For example, the independent variable can be the soil erosion control index. , the dependent variable can be the soil and water conservation effect index Then, linear regression is performed through the menu operation of "Analysis-Regression-Linear", and the regression coefficient constant a and constant b are automatically calculated through SPSS software; in this formula, a reflects the soil and water loss control index. Soil and water conservation effect index when it is zero The base level of the exponential function. b is the exponential coefficient of the exponential function, which controls the growth or decay rate of the function. The positive and negative sign and size of b will affect Follow The rate of change.

[0135] It should be noted that this formula uses an exponential function to convert the soil and water loss control index Soil and Water Conservation Effect Index Taken together, it reflects the important impact of soil and water loss control on soil and water conservation effectiveness.

[0136] According to vegetation growth status data and soil and water conservation effect index , calculate the comprehensive vegetation growth index , the calculation formula is:

[0137] It should be noted that the formula multiplies the soil and water conservation effect index with the vegetation biomass, leaf area index and root biomass, taking into account the survival ability, growth, photosynthesis ability and root stability of vegetation, thus obtaining a comprehensive index that can fully reflect the growth status of vegetation. The higher this index is, the better the growth status of vegetation is, and the healthier and more stable the ecosystem is.

[0138] Step 702: Determine the vegetation growth status. The specific steps include: Preset vegetation growth comprehensive index threshold; The comprehensive index threshold of vegetation growth includes the comprehensive index threshold of vegetation growth and vegetation growth comprehensive index threshold 2 ,and ; By collecting data from multiple vegetation growth areas with different soil types, environmental conditions, topography and vegetation types, the comprehensive vegetation growth index of each area is calculated ; Calculate the average value of the comprehensive vegetation growth index and standard deviation .Will As the threshold of vegetation growth comprehensive index ;Will As the threshold of vegetation growth comprehensive index 2 .

[0139] when When the vegetation growth condition is judged to be poor, restoration measure one is taken; the plan of restoration measure one is: test the soil pH, fertility and other parameters, and improve them according to the test results; adopt appropriate planting methods to replant plants, such as the foreign soil spraying technology can be used on steep slopes, seeds, fertilizers, soil conditioners, water retaining agents, etc. are mixed in the foreign soil, and sprayed onto the slope by a sprayer to improve the survival rate of vegetation.

[0140] when When the vegetation growth condition is judged to be moderate, the second restoration measure is adopted; the second restoration measure is: prune the existing vegetation, remove diseased and weak branches, promote ventilation and light transmission of vegetation, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases; strengthen pest and disease monitoring, and establish a pest and disease early warning mechanism. Regularly inspect the vegetation to observe whether there are signs of pests and diseases, such as leaf discoloration, curling, and worm holes.

[0141] when When the vegetation growth is judged to be in good condition, restoration measure three is adopted. The solution of restoration measure three is: maintain the current state of vegetation community, conduct regular observations, and ensure the stability of vegetation growth.

[0142] Comprehensive steps 701 to 702: This method can promptly detect problems with vegetation growth, take targeted restoration measures, ensure the healthy growth of vegetation, ensure that ecological restoration projects can be carried out continuously and effectively, and achieve long-term ecological stability and environmental improvement.

[0143] The above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. A person of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in electronic hardware or in combination with computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0144] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0145] The above description is only a specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A guidance planning method for slope ecological restoration, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Collect the terrain parameter data, soil parameter data, environmental parameter data and vegetation growth status data of the slope; Step 2: Calculate the slope stability index based on terrain parameter data and soil parameter data ; Preset the slope stability index threshold and set the slope stability index Compare with the slope stability index threshold and judge whether the slope area is in a risky state based on the result; Step 3: When the slope area is at risk, according to the terrain parameter data and slope stability index , calculate vegetation cover area According to vegetation coverage area , soil parameter data and environmental parameter data, calculate the plant suitability index ; According to the plant suitability index , soil parameter data and environmental parameter data, calculate plant species selection index , and then calculate the number of plantings ; Step 4: Based on soil parameter data, terrain parameter data, vegetation coverage area and planting quantity , calculate the soil and water loss rate after restoration ; Step 5: Calculate the comprehensive plant adaptation index based on environmental parameter data , according to the soil erosion rate after restoration and plant adaptation index , calculate the ecological restoration effect index ; According to the ecological restoration effect index and environmental parameter data to calculate vegetation density , and further obtain the planting layout rationality index ; Step 6: According to the planting layout rationality index and soil parameter data to calculate soil stability index , and then calculate the soil and water loss control index ; Preset the threshold of soil and water loss control index and set the soil and water loss control index Compare with the soil and water loss control index threshold, and judge whether the soil loss control status is abnormal according to the result; Step 7: When the soil loss control status is abnormal, based on the soil and water loss control index Calculate the soil and water conservation effect index ; Based on vegetation growth status data and soil and water conservation effect index , calculate the comprehensive vegetation growth index ; Preset the threshold of vegetation growth comprehensive index and set the vegetation growth comprehensive index Compare with the comprehensive vegetation growth index threshold, judge the vegetation growth status based on the results, and take corresponding restoration measures.

2. A guidance planning method for slope ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method to determine whether the slope area is in a risk state is: Topographic parameter data including the bottom inclination of the soil strip ; Soil parameter data including soil bar gravity , pore water pressure , bottom cohesion and bottom length ; According to the bottom inclination ,gravity , pore water pressure , bottom cohesion and bottom length , calculate the slope stability index , the calculation formula is: in, is the gravity of the i-th soil strip, i is the sequence number of the soil strip, and its value is [1, n]; n is the total number of soil strips, and its value is a positive integer; is the pore water pressure of the ith soil strip; is the bottom inclination angle of the i-th soil strip; is the bottom cohesion of the ith soil strip; is the bottom length of the i-th soil strip; Preset Slope Stability Index Threshold ;when When , the slope area is judged to be unstable and in a risky state; when When the slope area is stable, it is judged to be in a risk-free state.

3. A guiding planning method for slope ecological restoration according to claim 2, characterized in that: Calculating plant suitability index The method is: The terrain parameter data also includes the total slope area ; Soil parameter data also includes soil suitability index and slope suitability index ; Environmental parameter data including light suitability index ; According to the total slope area and slope stability index , calculate vegetation cover area , the calculation formula is: According to vegetation coverage , soil suitability index , slope suitability index and light suitability index , calculate the plant suitability index , the calculation formula is: in, Vegetation coverage area The weight coefficient is between 0.2 and 0.4; Soil suitability index The weight coefficient is between 0.1 and 0.3; is the slope suitability index The weight coefficient is between 0.3 and 0.5; Light suitability index The weight coefficient is between 0.2 and 0.4; and .

4. A guiding planning method for slope ecological restoration according to claim 3, characterized in that: Calculate the number of plants planted The method is: Soil parameter data also includes soil pH and soil fertility ; Environmental parameter data also includes light intensity ; According to the plant suitability index , soil pH , soil fertility and light intensity , calculate the plant species selection index for different plants , the calculation formula is: Among them, e is a natural constant with a value of 2.71828; the plant species selection index of different plants is The plant species corresponding to the maximum value in is taken as the introduced plant species; Plant species selection index according to introduced plant species and the total slope area , calculate the number of plantings , the calculation formula is: in, is the target vegetation coverage; is the adjustment factor.

5. A guiding planning method for slope ecological restoration according to claim 4, characterized in that: Calculate the soil erosion rate after restoration The method is: Soil parameter data also includes soil erosion rate ; According to the soil erosion rate , total slope area , Vegetation Coverage Area and planting quantity , calculate the soil and water loss rate after restoration , the calculation formula is: in, is the soil and water loss reduction coefficient.

6. A guiding planning method for slope ecological restoration according to claim 5, characterized in that: Calculation of ecological restoration effect index The method is: Environmental parameter data also include the adaptability index of introduced plants , drought tolerance index and barrenness index ; According to the adaptability index , drought tolerance index and barrenness index , calculate the comprehensive index of plant adaptation , the calculation formula is: in, Adaptability Index The weight coefficient is between 0.1 and 0.3; Drought tolerance index The weight coefficient is 0.3~0.4; Barrenness Index The weight coefficient is between 0.3 and 0.5; ; According to the soil erosion rate after restoration and plant adaptation index , calculate the ecological restoration effect index , the calculation formula is: 。 7. A guiding planning method for slope ecological restoration according to claim 6, characterized in that: Calculating vegetation density The method is: Environmental parameter data also includes local average wind speed ; According to the ecological restoration effect index , light intensity and local average wind speed , calculate vegetation density , the calculation formula is: in, is a constant; The light intensity is most suitable for vegetation growth.

8. A guiding planning method for slope ecological restoration according to claim 7, characterized in that: Calculation of planting layout rationality index The method is: According to soil fertility and vegetation density , calculate the planting layout rationality index , the calculation formula is: Where, h is the planting depth; For soil fertility The weight coefficient is between 0.2 and 0.3; is the vegetation density The weight coefficient is 0.3~0.4; is the weight coefficient of planting depth h, ranging from 0.4 to 0.5; and .

9. A guiding planning method for slope ecological restoration according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method to judge whether the soil loss control status is abnormal is: Soil parameter data also includes soil cohesion and soil internal friction angle ; Environmental parameter data also includes rainfall intensity ; According to the planting layout rationality index , soil cohesion and soil internal friction angle , calculate soil stability index , the calculation formula is: in, is the soil porosity ratio; According to rainfall intensity and soil stability index , calculate the soil and water loss control index , the calculation formula is: in, is the soil permeability coefficient; is the vegetation interception rate; Preset soil and water loss control index threshold ;when When the soil loss control status is abnormal, When the soil loss control status is normal.

10. A guiding planning method for slope ecological restoration according to claim 9, characterized in that: The methods for judging vegetation growth status are: Vegetation growth status data including vegetation biomass , Leaf Area Index and vegetation root biomass ; Based on Soil and Water Loss Control Index , calculate the soil and water conservation effect index , the calculation formula is: Where a is a constant of one, is a constant of two; According to vegetation growth status data and soil and water conservation effect index , calculate the comprehensive vegetation growth index , the calculation formula is: The comprehensive index threshold of vegetation growth includes the comprehensive index threshold of vegetation growth and vegetation growth comprehensive index threshold 2 ,and ; when When the vegetation growth condition is judged to be poor, restoration measures 1 are taken; when When the vegetation growth condition is judged to be moderate, restoration measure 2 is adopted; when When the vegetation growth condition is judged to be good, the third restoration measure is taken.

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