Substrate integrated notch mirror image dielectric waveguide grid antenna

Abstract

The invention provides a substrate integrated notch mirror image dielectric waveguide grid antenna, which belongs to the field of millimeter wave dielectric waveguides and antennae and comprises a dielectric radiator, metal signal columns, metal shielding columns, a first metal ground plane, a dielectric substrate and a second metal ground plane, and the first metal ground plane, the dielectric substrate and the second metal ground plane are arranged in a stacked manner. The lower surface of the dielectric radiator is tightly attached to the first metal ground plane, the upper surface of the dielectric radiator is not covered, the metal shielding columns penetrate through the dielectric substrate and are arranged on the periphery of the dielectric radiator in an array mode, the metal signal columns are embedded in the dielectric radiator, and the bottoms of the metal signal columns are connected to an input port in the first metal ground plane. An electromagnetic signal is fed into the antenna through the input port, is transmitted to the dielectric radiator through the metal signal column, and radiates electromagnetic energy outwards through the dielectric radiator, so that interference from an adjacent frequency band can be effectively inhibited, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of millimeter wave dielectric waveguides and antennas, and in particular to a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, especially the surge in demand for 5G, Internet of Things (IoT), and satellite communications, all frequency bands have been fully utilized, but the impact of mutual interference between signals has become increasingly significant. As one of the important transmitting and receiving devices in wireless communication equipment, antennas need to continuously improve various indicators to meet the needs of social development. Combining the antenna's function of transmitting and receiving signals with the function of screening effective frequency bands is an important trend in future antenna design. The notch mirror structure can provide high return loss within a specific frequency range, thereby effectively suppressing signal propagation within these frequency ranges and reducing interference. Although traditional antennas have advantages such as high gain and broadband, they have weak anti-interference ability and directivity.

[0003] In the prior art, the Chinese invention patent application "Broadband Coplanar Waveguide Structure Grid Array Antenna" with publication number CN113708088A includes a radiator, a dielectric substrate, a metal through hole, a ground plane and a metal patch. The ground plane is located on the lower side of the dielectric substrate, the radiator and the metal patch are respectively located on the upper side of the dielectric substrate, the metal through hole penetrates the dielectric substrate, one end of the metal through hole is connected to the ground plane, and the other end is connected to the metal patch. The metal patch is electrically connected to the ground plane through the metal through hole. The radiator is in a grid array, and the metal patch and the dielectric substrate form a coplanar waveguide structure, which increases the working bandwidth of the antenna, but the antenna has weak anti-interference ability and cannot effectively suppress interference from adjacent frequency bands. The communication quality and reliability of the antenna are greatly limited. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to improve the radiation efficiency and anti-interference capability of the antenna.

[0005] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions: a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna, comprising a dielectric radiator, a metal signal column, a metal shielding column, and a first metal ground plane, a dielectric substrate, and a second metal ground plane arranged in a stacked manner, the dielectric radiator is embedded in the dielectric substrate, the lower surface of the dielectric radiator is close to the first metal ground plane, and the upper surface is uncovered, a plurality of metal shielding columns penetrate the dielectric substrate and are arranged in an array on the periphery of the dielectric radiator, the metal signal column is embedded in the dielectric radiator and the bottom is connected to the input port on the first metal ground plane.

[0006] In the substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna of the present invention, the metal shielding column runs through the dielectric substrate, the bottom of the metal shielding column is connected to the first metal ground plane, the top is connected to the second metal ground plane, the array-arranged metal shielding column and the first metal ground plane form a groove structure, the dielectric radiator is located in the groove structure, the second metal ground plane covers the edge of the metal shielding column, and the upper surface of the dielectric radiator is uncovered, forming a notch mirror structure. The present invention uses the notch mirror structure in the antenna design, and the electromagnetic signal is fed into the antenna through the input port, transmitted to the dielectric radiator through the metal signal column, and radiates electromagnetic energy outward through the dielectric radiator. The notch mirror structure can produce strong reflection or absorption within a specific frequency range, thereby achieving signal attenuation or reflection at these frequencies, and can attenuate non-target signals, that is, noise interference, effectively suppress interference from adjacent frequency bands, improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna, and improve the communication quality and reliability of the system.

[0007] Preferably, the bottom of the metal shielding column is connected to the first metal ground plane, and the top is connected to the second metal ground plane, and the second metal ground plane covers the edge of the metal shielding column.

[0008] Preferably, there is no gap between the edge of the metal shielding column and the periphery of the dielectric radiator.

[0009] Preferably, there is a gap between the edge of the metal shielding column and the periphery of the dielectric radiator, the gap passes through the dielectric substrate, the bottom of the gap is in close contact with the first metal ground plane, and the top of the gap is uncovered.

[0010] Preferably, the gap is an air slot or an air hole.

[0011] Preferably, the dielectric radiator is an I-shaped structure divided into four, there are two metal signal columns, both located in the middle section of the dielectric radiator and symmetrical about the central axis of the dielectric radiator, and the signals input from the two input ports connected to the metal signal columns differ by 180 degrees.

[0012] Preferably, the dielectric radiator includes a first grid, a second grid, and a third grid, the second grid and the third grid are both C-shaped and distributed in a central mirror image of the first grid, one end of the first grid is connected to the midpoint of the side of the second grid, and the other end of the first grid is connected to the midpoint of the side of the third grid, and two metal signal columns are respectively located at the intersection of the first grid and the second grid and the intersection of the first grid and the third grid.

[0013] Preferably, the dielectric radiator is made of a high dielectric constant material.

[0014] Preferably, the material of the dielectric radiator is the same as that of the dielectric substrate, and the dielectric radiator is cut inside the dielectric substrate.

[0015] Preferably, the material of the dielectric substrate is Rogers RO3010, with a dielectric constant of 10 and a loss tangent of 0.0035.

[0016] The advantages provided by the present invention are:

[0017] (1) In the substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna of the present invention, the metal shielding column penetrates the dielectric substrate, the bottom of the metal shielding column is connected to the first metal ground plane, the top is connected to the second metal ground plane, the array-arranged metal shielding column and the first metal ground plane form a groove structure, the dielectric radiator is located in the groove structure, the second metal ground plane covers the edge of the metal shielding column, and the upper surface of the dielectric radiator is uncovered, forming a notch mirror structure. The present invention uses the notch mirror structure in the antenna design, the electromagnetic signal is fed into the antenna through the input port, transmitted to the dielectric radiator through the metal signal column, and radiates electromagnetic energy outward through the dielectric radiator. The notch mirror structure can produce strong reflection or absorption within a specific frequency range, thereby achieving signal attenuation or reflection at these frequencies, and can attenuate non-target signals, that is, noise interference, effectively suppress interference from adjacent frequency bands, improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna, and improve the communication quality and reliability of the system.

[0018] (2) The dielectric radiator in the antenna of the present invention is based on the radiation principle of the grid antenna. The radiator adopts a dielectric waveguide. The electromagnetic signal is fed into the antenna through the input port and transmitted to the dielectric radiator through the metal signal column. The electromagnetic energy is transmitted between the horizontal and vertical conductors of the grid, forming an interactive inductance and capacitance relationship, and radiating electromagnetic energy outward through the dielectric radiator. Compared with the metal patch antenna, the present invention can effectively radiate energy and reduce energy loss by combining the dielectric waveguide with the grid antenna. The advantage of the dielectric waveguide as an antenna radiator is the low loss and high dielectric constant characteristics of the dielectric material, which realizes the design of a miniaturized and lightweight antenna. The dielectric waveguide antenna has the advantages of bandwidth expansion, gain improvement, convenient impedance matching, high integration, and strong environmental adaptability.

[0019] (3) The present invention provides a gap between the edge of the metal shielding column and the periphery of the dielectric radiator. The gap can be configured as an air slot or an air hole. The gap serves as a part of a resonator or a filter, and its size and shape can selectively suppress electromagnetic waves.

[0020] (4) The reflection coefficient of the substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna of the present invention is lower than -10dB in the effective frequency band of 30.76-31.63GHz, the antenna performance is good, and the effective bandwidth is 0.87GHz. At a frequency of 31Ghz, the antenna has a gain pattern when Phi=0° and Phi=90°, and the gain is obvious, showing top radiation. At a frequency of 31.5Ghz, the antenna has a gain pattern when Phi=0° and Phi=90°, and the gain is obvious, showing top radiation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 A side view of a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 A three-dimensional diagram of a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna provided in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 A side view of a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna provided in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 A three-dimensional diagram of a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna provided in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 A side view of a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna provided in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 A reflection coefficient diagram of a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grating antenna provided in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 The radiation pattern of the substrate-integrated notched mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna provided in Example 2 of the present invention at 31 GHz;

[0029] Fig. 9 The radiation pattern of the substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna provided in Example 2 of the present invention at 31.5 GHz;

[0030] Fig.10 A gain curve diagram within bandwidth of a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna provided in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0031] In the figure: 10 dielectric radiator, 11 first grid, 12 second grid, 13 third grid, 20 metal signal column, 30 metal shielding column, 40 first metal ground plane, 50 dielectric substrate, 60 second metal ground plane, 70 input port, 80 air slot, 90 air hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The present invention provides a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna, comprising a dielectric radiator 10, a metal signal column 20, a metal shielding column 30, and a first metal ground plane 40, a dielectric substrate 50, and a second metal ground plane 60 that are stacked and arranged. The dielectric radiator 10 is embedded in the dielectric substrate 50, the lower surface of the dielectric radiator 10 is in close contact with the first metal ground plane 40, and the upper surface is uncovered, a plurality of metal shielding columns 30 penetrate the dielectric substrate 50 and are arranged in an array on the periphery of the dielectric radiator 10, and the metal signal column 20 is embedded in the dielectric radiator 10 and the bottom is connected to an input port 70 on the first metal ground plane 40.

[0034] In the substrate-integrated notched mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna of the present invention, the metal shielding column 30 penetrates the dielectric substrate 50, the bottom of the metal shielding column 30 is connected to the first metal ground plane 40, and the top is connected to the second metal ground plane 60. The array-arranged metal shielding column 30 and the first metal ground plane 40 form a groove structure, the dielectric radiator 10 is located in the groove structure, the second metal ground plane 60 covers the edge of the metal shielding column 30, and the upper surface of the dielectric radiator 10 is uncovered, forming a notched mirror structure. The present invention uses the notched mirror structure in the antenna design, and the electromagnetic signal is fed into the antenna through the input port 70, transmitted to the dielectric radiator 10 through the metal signal column 20, and radiates electromagnetic energy outward through the dielectric radiator 10. The notched mirror structure can produce strong reflection or absorption within a specific frequency range, thereby achieving signal attenuation or reflection at these frequencies, and can attenuate non-target signals, that is, noise interference, effectively suppress interference from adjacent frequency bands, improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna, and improve the communication quality and reliability of the system.

[0035] The substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna of the present invention can be specifically configured into three structures, which are described in detail below.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna, including a dielectric radiator 10, a metal signal column 20, a metal shielding column 30, and a first metal ground plane 40, a dielectric substrate 50, and a second metal ground plane 60 that are stacked. The dielectric radiator 10 is embedded in the dielectric substrate 50, the lower surface of the dielectric radiator 10 is close to the first metal ground plane 40, and the upper surface is uncovered, the metal shielding column 30 passes through the dielectric substrate 50 and is arranged in an array around the dielectric radiator 10, there is no gap between the edge of the metal shielding column 30 and the periphery of the dielectric radiator 10, the metal signal column 20 is embedded in the dielectric radiator 10 and the bottom is connected to the input port 70 on the first metal ground plane 40.

[0038] The first metal ground plane 40, the dielectric substrate 50, and the second metal ground plane 60 are arranged in sequence from bottom to top, the bottom of the metal shielding column 30 is connected to the first metal ground plane 40, and the top is connected to the second metal ground plane 60, and the second metal ground plane 60 covers the edge of the metal shielding column 30. The metal shielding column 30 is specifically a copper column, and the height of the copper column is consistent with the dielectric substrate 50. The spacing between two adjacent metal shielding columns 30 is the same, and the spacing between two adjacent metal shielding columns 30 and the radius of the metal shielding column 30 can be adjusted according to specific needs.

[0039] The dielectric radiator 10 is an I-shaped structure divided into four parts. There are two metal signal posts 20, both located in the middle section of the dielectric radiator 10 and symmetrical about the central axis of the dielectric radiator 10. The signals input by the two input ports 70 connected to the metal signal posts 20 differ by 180 degrees. For example, the signals input by the two input ports 70 are 0 degrees and 180 degrees respectively, which is one wavelength. Both input ports 70 meet the characteristic impedance of 50 ohms. The size of the dielectric radiator 10 and the spacing between the two metal signal posts 20 can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the present invention does not specifically explain it.

[0040] Continue reading Figure 1 The dielectric radiator 10 includes a first grid 11, a second grid 12, and a third grid 13. The second grid 12 and the third grid 13 are both C-shaped and distributed with the center mirror of the first grid 11. One end of the first grid 11 is connected to the midpoint of the side of the second grid 12, and the other end of the first grid 11 is connected to the midpoint of the side of the third grid 13. Two metal signal columns 20 are respectively located at the intersection of the first grid 11 and the second grid 12 and the intersection of the first grid 11 and the third grid 13.

[0041] The dielectric radiator 10 is made of high dielectric constant material, and can be the same material as the dielectric substrate 50, which is more convenient for integration. When the material of the dielectric radiator 10 is the same as that of the dielectric substrate 50, the dielectric radiator 10 can be directly cut inside the dielectric substrate 50. The dielectric substrate 50 is made of Rogers RO3010 material, with a dielectric constant of 10 and a loss tangent value of 0.0035.

[0042] The dielectric radiator 10 in the antenna of the present invention is based on the grid antenna radiation principle. The radiator adopts a dielectric waveguide. The electromagnetic signal is fed into the antenna through the input port 70 and transmitted to the dielectric radiator 10 through the metal signal column 20. The electromagnetic energy is transmitted between the horizontal and vertical conductors of the grid to form an interactive inductance and capacitance relationship. The electromagnetic energy is radiated outward through the dielectric radiator 10. Compared with the metal patch antenna, the present invention can effectively radiate energy and reduce energy loss by combining the dielectric waveguide with the grid antenna. The advantage of the dielectric waveguide as an antenna radiator is the low loss and high dielectric constant characteristics of the dielectric material, which realizes the miniaturization and lightweight antenna design. The dielectric waveguide antenna has the advantages of bandwidth expansion, gain improvement, convenient impedance matching, high integration, and strong environmental adaptability.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: an air slot 80 is provided between the edge of the metal shielding column 30 and the periphery of the dielectric radiator 10, the air slot 80 penetrates the dielectric substrate 50, the bottom of the air slot 80 is in close contact with the first metal ground plane 40, and the top is uncovered, and the rest of the structure is the same. In this embodiment, a gap is provided between the edge of the metal shielding column 30 and the periphery of the dielectric radiator 10, and the gap is specifically provided as an air slot. The gap is used as a part of a resonator or a filter, and its size and shape can selectively suppress electromagnetic waves.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: there is an air hole 90 between the edge of the metal shielding column 30 and the periphery of the dielectric radiator 10, the air hole 90 penetrates the dielectric substrate 50, the bottom of the air hole 90 is close to the first metal ground plane 40, and the top is uncovered, and the rest of the structure is the same. In this embodiment, a gap is set between the edge of the metal shielding column 30 and the periphery of the dielectric radiator 10, and the gap is specifically set as an air hole. The air hole has the same function as the air slot, and both are part of the resonator or filter. Its size and shape can selectively suppress electromagnetic waves, but the air hole is more convenient for overall integration than the air slot.

[0047] Simulation Analysis

[0048] The present invention uses the substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna of Example 2 as an example to simulate and analyze the antenna performance. Figure 7 This is the reflection coefficient diagram of the substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna of the present invention. The reflection coefficient reflects the antenna's emission degree of electromagnetic waves. When the reflection coefficient is lower than -10dB, the antenna performance is better. The reflection coefficient of the notch mirror dielectric grid antenna of the present invention is lower than -10dB in the action frequency band of 30.76-31.63GHz, and the effective bandwidth is 0.87GHz.

[0049] Figure 8 This is the radiation pattern of the substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna of the present invention at 31 GHz. The gain pattern of the antenna at Phi=0° and Phi=90° at a frequency of 31 GHz has obvious gain and shows top radiation.

[0050] Fig. 9 This is the radiation pattern of the substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna of the present invention at 31.5 GHz. The gain pattern of the antenna at a frequency of 31.5 GHz when Phi=0° and Phi=90° has obvious gain and shows top radiation.

[0051] Fig.10 The gain curve of the substrate-integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna within the bandwidth of the present invention.

[0052] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises a dielectric radiator (10), a metal signal column (20), a metal shielding column (30), and a first metal ground plane (40) arranged in a stacked manner, a dielectric substrate (50), and a second metal ground plane (60); the dielectric radiator (10) is embedded in the dielectric substrate (50); the lower surface of the dielectric radiator (10) is in close contact with the first metal ground plane (40), and the upper surface is uncovered; a plurality of metal shielding columns (30) penetrate the dielectric substrate (50) and are arranged in an array around the dielectric radiator (10); the metal signal column (20) is embedded in the dielectric radiator (10) and the bottom is connected to an input port (70) on the first metal ground plane (40).

2. The substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the metal shielding column (30) is connected to the first metal ground plane (40), and the top is connected to the second metal ground plane (60), and the second metal ground plane (60) covers the edge of the metal shielding column (30).

3. The substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is no gap between the edge of the metal shielding column (30) and the periphery of the dielectric radiator (10).

4. The substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is a gap between the edge of the metal shielding column (30) and the periphery of the dielectric radiator (10), the gap passes through the dielectric substrate (50), the bottom of the gap is closely attached to the first metal ground plane (40), and the top of the gap is uncovered.

5. The substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The gap is an air slot or an air hole.

6. The substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric radiator (10) is in an I-shaped structure divided into four parts, and there are two metal signal columns (20), both of which are located in the middle section of the dielectric radiator (10) and are symmetrical about the central axis of the dielectric radiator (10), and the signals input from the two input ports (70) connected to the metal signal columns (20) differ by 180 degrees.

7. The substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The dielectric radiator (10) comprises a first grid (11), a second grid (12), and a third grid (13); the second grid (12) and the third grid (13) are both C-shaped and distributed in a central mirror image of the first grid (11); one end of the first grid (11) is connected to the midpoint of a side of the second grid (12); the other end of the first grid (11) is connected to the midpoint of a side of the third grid (13); and two metal signal columns (20) are respectively located at the intersection of the first grid (11) and the second grid (12) and at the intersection of the first grid (11) and the third grid (13).

8. The substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric radiator (10) is made of a high dielectric constant material.

9. The substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the dielectric radiator (10) is the same as that of the dielectric substrate (50), and the dielectric radiator (10) is obtained by cutting inside the dielectric substrate (50).

10. The substrate integrated notch mirror dielectric waveguide grid antenna according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that: The material of the dielectric substrate (50) is Rogers RO3010, with a dielectric constant of 10 and a loss tangent value of 0.0035.

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