The invention discloses a full diversity multi-antenna two-way relay receiving method based on combination of a Dempster-Shafer evidence theory and a physical-layer network coding. Firstly, a multi-antenna two-way relay model without direct link is built; then, performance and defects of the prior multi-antenna two-way relay receiving algorithm based on a decode-and-forward network coding and the physical-layer network coding are analyzed, moreover, according to the defects of the prior algorithm, the full diversity multi-antenna two-way relay receiving method based on combination of the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory and the physical-layer network coding is provided. According to the invention, uncertainty generated by fading channels and noise is described through a basic probability assignment function, then, the uncertainty of received signals is reduced at a receiving end through a Dempster's rule, and finally, reliable transmission signals are obtained through a maximum judgement rule. As compared with the prior sub-optimal algorithm, the method provided by the invention improves bit error rate performance of a relay receiving end well, and simultaneously achieves full diversity gain at the receiving end. Finally, the provided algorithm is subjected to simulation verification, and the result of simulation verification is consistent with theoretical analysis.