Preparation method and application of compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites, and belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers. The compound fertilizer based on the microbial metabolite is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: cutting fresh willow branches with peels into segments, and crushing to obtain willow branch powder; and uniformly mixing the willow branch powder, the cottonseed hulls and the corncobs according to the mass ratio of (30-35): (4-6): (5-8), and fermenting to obtain a fermentation product, namely the compound fertilizer. The compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites, which can improve the yield and quality of peppers and reduce the disease probability of the peppers, can be obtained by fermenting the mixture composed of the willow branch powder, the cottonseed hulls and the corncobs with the microbial agent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and specifically relates to a preparation method and application of a composite fertilizer based on microbial metabolites. Background Art

[0002] Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum Linn.) is widely planted in my country. In addition to being eaten directly, chili pepper can also be roughly processed into food such as chili sauce, and can also be processed to extract capsaicin and other extracts to make oral anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs or external drugs for treating toothache, muscle pain and skin diseases, thus playing its role in medical treatment. Therefore, the planting area of ​​chili pepper is gradually increasing.

[0003] In order to increase pepper yield, a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are usually used. The long-term use of chemical fertilizers destroys the soil microecological balance and reduces fertility; the large-scale use of pesticides, especially insecticides, causes pesticide residues in the soil and peppers, threatening the edible safety of peppers. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a compound fertilizer that can reduce pepper pesticide residues and increase pepper yield. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a preparation method and application of a compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites, which is used to solve the problems of destruction of soil microecological balance and excessive pesticide residues in peppers when chemical fertilizers and pesticides are currently used to increase pepper yields.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Cut and crush fresh willow branches with skin to obtain willow branch powder; (2) Mix the willow branch powder, cottonseed hulls and corn cobs in a mass ratio of (30-35):(4-6):(5-8) and then mix with water to obtain a mixture with a moisture content of 60-70%, and then ferment the mixture to obtain a fermentation product, which is a compound fertilizer; during the fermentation, a high-efficiency fermentation agent is used, which is a microbial mixed bacterial agent in granular form, mainly including Bacillus, Trichoderma and yeast, with an effective viable count of ≥10 billion cfu / g, and the inoculation amount of the high-efficiency fermentation agent is 1.2-1.5%.

[0008] Preferably, the particle size of the willow branch powder is 1-5 mm; preferably, fermentation is performed by stacking fermentation; preferably, the stack is in a truncated cone shape, with an upper diameter of 0.8-1 m, a lower diameter of 1.5-2 m, and a height of 0.7-1 m; preferably, during fermentation, the stack is turned over once every 8-10 days, and the fermentation cycle is 60-70 days. During the first 15 days of fermentation, the moisture content of the stack is detected. When the moisture content of the stack is less than 45%, water is sprinkled into the stack to ensure that the moisture content of the stack is 60-70%; preferably, the particle size of the cottonseed hull is 0.4-0.6 cm; preferably, the particle size of the corn cob is 0.7-1 cm.

[0009] A use of the above-mentioned compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites as plant fertilizer.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0011] (1) The present invention uses a microbial agent to ferment a mixture of willow branch powder, cottonseed hulls and corn cobs to obtain a compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites that can improve pepper yield, pepper quality and reduce the probability of pepper disease; (2) The use of the compound fertilizer of the present invention or the inactivated compound fertilizer can effectively improve the germination rate and germinated root length of pepper seeds of different varieties, thereby helping to reduce costs, increase pepper yield and shorten growth time; (3) When the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of the present invention or the inactivated product of the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites is applied to the soil as a fertilizer, the plant height, spread, fruit length and diameter, and yield of the pepper can be generally improved, indicating that when the willow branch powder, cottonseed hulls and corn cobs are fermented by microorganisms, metabolites that are helpful to improve the quality of peppers are produced, and when the living microorganisms used for fermentation are applied to the soil, the quality of peppers can also be improved to a certain extent. However, as for the thickness of the fruit pulp, only when willow branch powder, cottonseed hulls and corn cobs are fermented by microorganisms at the same time can the thickness of the fruit pulp be significantly increased, and the main substance that increases the thickness of the fruit pulp comes from the metabolites of the microorganisms, rather than the microorganisms themselves; (4) When the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of the present invention or the inactivated product of the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites is applied to the soil as a fertilizer, the Vc content, soluble protein content and soluble sugar content of the pepper fruit can be increased overall. However, the metabolites of willow branch powder, cottonseed hulls and corn cobs fermented by microorganisms at the same time contain substances that can reduce the capsaicin content of the pepper, which makes the pepper taste sweeter and less spicy overall; (5) When the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of the present invention or the inactivated product of the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites is applied to the soil as a fertilizer, the incidence of white rot and scab of pepper can be significantly reduced, indicating that the microbial metabolites contain substances that can inhibit or kill white rot fungi or scab fungi. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. The description in this section is only exemplary and explanatory and should not have any limiting effect on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0013] Example 1

[0014] The compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of this embodiment is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: (1) cutting and crushing fresh willow branches with skin to obtain willow branch powder with a particle size of 1 to 5 mm. (2) Willow branch powder, cottonseed hulls (particle size of 0.4-0.6 cm) and corn cobs (particle size of 0.7-1 cm) were mixed in a mass ratio of 30:4:5, and then water was evenly sprinkled to obtain a mixture with a moisture content of 60%. Then, a high-efficiency fermentation agent (a high-efficiency fermentation agent is a microbial mixed agent in granular form, mainly including Bacillus, Trichoderma and yeast, with an effective viable count of ≥10 billion cfu / g, provided by Henan Wobao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) was inoculated into the mixture at an inoculation rate of 1.5%. After being fully stirred, the mixture was piled for fermentation under ventilation conditions. The pile was in the shape of a truncated cone with an upper diameter of 1 m, a lower diameter of 2 m and a height of 1 m. The pile was turned once every 10 days, and the fermentation cycle was 70 days. During the first 15 days of fermentation, the moisture content of the pile was detected. When the moisture content of the pile was less than 45%, water was sprinkled into the pile to ensure that the moisture content of the pile was 60%. After the fermentation was completed, a composite fertilizer based on microbial metabolites was obtained.

[0015] Example 2

[0016] The compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of this embodiment is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:

[0017] (1) Cut and crush fresh willow branches with skin to obtain willow branch powder with a particle size of 1-5 mm; (2) Mix the willow branch powder, cottonseed hulls (particle size of 0.4-0.6 cm) and corn cobs (particle size of 0.7-1 cm) in a mass ratio of 35:6:8, and then sprinkle water evenly to obtain a mixture with a moisture content of 70%, and then add a high-efficiency fermentation agent (a microbial mixed bacterial agent in granular form, mainly including Bacillus, Trichoderma and yeast, with an effective viable count of ≥10 billion cfu / g, from Henan The fertilizer (provided by Shengwobao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) was inoculated into the mixture at an inoculation rate of 1.2%. After being fully stirred, it was piled for fermentation under ventilation conditions. The pile was in a truncated cone shape with an upper diameter of 0.8m, a lower diameter of 1.5m, and a height of 0.7m. The pile was turned over once every 8 days, and the fermentation cycle was 60 days. The moisture content of the pile was tested during the first 15 days of fermentation. When the moisture content of the pile was less than 45%, water was sprinkled into the pile to ensure that the moisture content of the pile was 70%. After the fermentation, a compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites was obtained.

[0018] Example 3

[0019] The compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of this embodiment is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:

[0020] (1) Cut and crush fresh willow branches with skin to obtain willow branch powder with a particle size of 1-5 mm; (2) Mix the willow branch powder, cottonseed hulls (particle size of 0.4-0.6 cm) and corn cobs (particle size of 0.7-1 cm) in a mass ratio of 32:5:6, and then sprinkle water evenly to obtain a mixture with a moisture content of 65%, and then add a high-efficiency fermentation agent (a microbial mixed bacterial agent in granular form, mainly including Bacillus, Trichoderma and yeast, with an effective viable count of ≥10 billion cfu / g, from Henan The fertilizer (provided by Shengwobao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) was inoculated into the mixture at an inoculation rate of 1.3%. After being fully stirred, it was piled for fermentation under ventilation conditions. The pile was in a frustum shape with an upper diameter of 0.9m, a lower diameter of 1.8m, and a height of 0.8m. The pile was turned over once every 9 days, and the fermentation cycle was 65 days. The moisture content of the pile was tested during the first 15 days of fermentation. When the moisture content of the pile was less than 45%, water was sprinkled into the pile to ensure that the moisture content of the pile was 65%. After the fermentation, a compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites was obtained.

[0021] Comparative Example 1

[0022] The difference between the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of this comparative example and the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of Example 1 is that the inoculation amount of the high-efficiency fermentation agent in step (2) of the preparation method of the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of this comparative example is 0.

[0023] Comparative Example 2

[0024] The difference between the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of this comparative example and the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of Example 1 is that the amount of willow branch powder added in step (2) of the preparation method of the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of this comparative example is 0.

[0025] Comparative Example 3

[0026] The difference between the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of this comparative example and the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of Example 1 is that the amount of cottonseed hull added in step (2) of the preparation method of the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of this comparative example is 0.

[0027] Comparative Example 4

[0028] The difference between the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of this comparative example and the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of Example 1 is that the amount of corn cobs added in step (2) of the preparation method of the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of this comparative example is 0.

[0029] Comparative Example 5

[0030] The difference between the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of this comparative example and the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of Example 1 is that in step (2) of the preparation method of the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of this comparative example, the high-efficiency fermentation agent is replaced by a straw decomposing agent (mainly composed of crude fiber degrading bacteria, crude protein degrading bacteria, deodorizing bacteria, active enzymes and auxiliary materials, and the number of effective live bacteria is ≥5.0×10 8 cfu / g, provided by Henan Jiubang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and the inoculation amount of straw composting agent was 24%.

[0031] Comparative Example 6

[0032] The difference between the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of this comparative example and the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of Example 1 is that the preparation method of the willow branch powder in step (2) of the preparation method of the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of this comparative example is as follows: fresh peeled willow branches are cut into sections and crushed to obtain willow branch powder with a particle size of 1 to 5 mm.

[0033] Application Example 1

[0034] The composite fertilizer of each embodiment and comparative example (or the product of high-temperature inactivation of the composite fertilizer) and water were stirred and mixed at a mass ratio of 1:10, and then centrifuged at a speed of 3000r / min for 20min, and the supernatant was taken to obtain an extract (the extract obtained by using the composite fertilizer was named extract A, and the extract obtained by using the product of high-temperature inactivation of the composite fertilizer was named extract B), and then an appropriate amount of the extract was put into a culture dish padded with filter paper, and then intact pepper seeds of the same size were evenly put on the filter paper of the culture dish, 50 seeds were put into each culture dish, and then an appropriate amount of clean water was added to the culture dish for dilution, and then cultured in a 28°C thermostat under light-proof conditions, and the number of seeds germinated was recorded every day to calculate the germination rate A; on the 11th day of culture, 5 pepper seedlings were randomly taken from each culture dish, and the length from the uppermost lateral root attachment position to the lowermost end of the main root was measured, and the average value was taken to obtain the main root length B. Deionized water was used as the control group in the experiment. The germination rate of the control group was C and the taproot length was D. Finally, the seed germination index GI was calculated based on the germination rate and taproot length of the control group and the germination rate and taproot length of the experimental group. The calculation formula is: germination rate index GI = (A × B) / (C × D). The germination rate index of different varieties of pepper seeds cultured with extracts of different compound fertilizers is shown in Table 1.

[0035] Table 1 Germination rate index of different varieties of pepper seeds cultured with extracts of different compound fertilizers

[0036] It can be seen from Table 1 that the composite fertilizer of the present invention or the inactivated composite fertilizer can effectively improve the germination rate and the length of the germinated roots of different varieties of pepper seeds, thereby helping to reduce costs, increase pepper yields and shorten growth time.

[0037] Application Example 2

[0038] Test object: Xiangyan No. 1. The plant shape of Xiangyan No. 1 pepper is compact, the plant has strong growth potential, strong branching ability, and short internodes. The pepper fruit is coarse horn-shaped, with thick flesh, bright fruit surface, dark green, slightly spicy and sweet, crisp and soft flesh, beautiful appearance, and good flavor. It matures early, about 40 days from planting to harvesting, with high early yield and high and stable yield.

[0039] Test method: Adjacent plots with the same soil quality were selected and divided into several small plots. Each plot was kept at a certain distance from each other and did not affect each other. Each plot corresponded to a different test method. High ridges and film covering were used in the greenhouse. Fertilization was carried out during land preparation before planting, and no additional fertilizer was applied later. A total of 4 methods were designed for the test, and each method was repeated 3 times. Except for the different fertilization, other field management measures were consistent among the methods. The 4 designed methods are as follows: Method 1: blank control group, no fertilizer was applied; Method 2: conventional control group, every 667m 2 Apply 30kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 15:15:15; Method 3: Every 667m 2 Apply 30kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (15:15:15) and 1.5kg of compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites; Method 4: Every 667m 2 Apply 30kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with a ratio of 15:15:15 and 1.5kg of compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites that has been inactivated with 6% hydrogen peroxide (inactivation rate greater than 99%).

[0040] Determination index and method: 10 plants were randomly selected from each plot to measure plant height, spread, fruit length and diameter, number of fruits per plant, vitamin C content, capsaicin content, soluble protein content and soluble sugar content of fresh fruit. At the same time, according to the average number of fruits per plant and the average weight of single fruit, the average weight of each 667m2 was calculated. 2 The fresh pepper yield of the plots was measured and calculated as shown in Tables 2 and 3. During the test, the incidence of white rot at the base of the stems of pepper plants planted in each plot was observed and recorded, and the incidence of scab of pepper plants during the flowering and fruiting stages was recorded. The test results are shown in Table 4. The incidence is equal to the percentage of diseased plants in the total number of plants investigated.

[0041] Table 2 Test results of pepper plant height, spread, fruit length and diameter, fruit thickness and yield corresponding to different test methods

[0042] As shown in Table 2, when the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites or the inactivated product of the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of each embodiment or comparative example is applied to the soil as fertilizer, the plant height, spread, length and diameter of the fruit, and yield can be generally improved, indicating that when the willow branch powder, cottonseed hulls and corn cobs are fermented by microorganisms, metabolites that help improve the quality of peppers are produced, and when the living microorganisms used for fermentation are applied to the soil, the quality of peppers can also be improved to a certain extent. However, for the thickness of the pulp, the pulp thickness can only be significantly improved when the willow branch powder, cottonseed hulls and corn cobs are fermented by microorganisms at the same time, and the main substance that improves the thickness of the pulp comes from the metabolites of the microorganisms, not the microorganisms themselves.

[0043] Table 3 Vitamin C content, capsaicin content, soluble protein content and soluble sugar content of pepper corresponding to different test methods

[0044] In addition, it can be seen from Table 3 that when the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of each embodiment or comparative example or the inactivated product of the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites is applied to the soil as a fertilizer, the Vc content, soluble protein content and soluble sugar content of the pepper fruit can be improved as a whole. However, the metabolites of willow branch powder, cottonseed hulls and corn cobs fermented by microorganisms contain substances that can reduce the capsaicin content of peppers, which makes the peppers taste sweeter and less spicy as a whole.

[0045] Table 4 The incidence of white rot and scab of pepper corresponding to different test methods

[0046] Finally, it can be seen from Table 4 that when the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites of the present invention or the inactivated product of the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites is applied to the soil as a fertilizer, the incidence of white rot and scab of pepper can be significantly reduced, indicating that the microbial metabolites contain substances that can inhibit or kill white rot fungi or scab fungi.

[0047] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms: include, contain and any other variants are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principle and implementation of the technical solution of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. The above is only a preferred implementation of the present invention. It should be pointed out that due to the limitations of textual expression and the objective existence of infinite specific structures, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements, modifications or changes can be made, and the above technical features can also be combined in an appropriate manner; these improvements, modifications, changes or combinations, or the direct application of the concept and technical solution of the present invention to other occasions without improvement, should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites, characterized in that: Prepared by a method comprising the following steps: (1) cutting and crushing fresh willow branches with skin to obtain willow branch powder; (2) Mix willow branch powder, cottonseed hulls and corn cobs in a mass ratio of (30-35):(4-6):(5-8) and then mix with water to obtain a mixture with a moisture content of 60-70%, and then ferment the mixture to obtain a fermentation product, namely a compound fertilizer; during the fermentation, a high-efficiency fermentation agent is used, which is a microbial mixed agent in granular form, mainly including Bacillus, Trichoderma and yeast, with an effective live bacterial count of ≥10 billion cfu / g, and the inoculation amount of the high-efficiency fermentation agent is 1.2-1.5%.

2. The compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the willow branch powder is 1-5 mm.

3. The compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites according to claim 1, characterized in that: Fermentation is done by stack fermentation.

4. The compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites according to claim 3, characterized in that: The stack is in the shape of a truncated cone, with a diameter of 0.8~1m at the top, a diameter of 1.5~2m at the bottom, and a height of 0.7~1m.

5. The compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites according to claim 3, characterized in that: During fermentation, turn the pile over once every 8 to 10 days, and the fermentation cycle is 60 to 70 days. During the first 15 days of fermentation, check the moisture content of the pile. When the moisture content of the pile is less than 45%, sprinkle water into the pile to ensure that the moisture content of the pile is 60 to 70%.

6. The compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of cottonseed hull is 0.4~0.6cm.

7. The compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of corn cobs is 0.7~1cm.

8. Use of the compound fertilizer based on microbial metabolites as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 as a plant fertilizer.

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