Saline-alkali land treatment soil conditioner and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a soil conditioner for saline-alkali land treatment and a preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of soil conditioners. The soil conditioner for saline-alkali land treatment is prepared from a fermented fertilizer, biomass charcoal II, corn straw powder, attapulgite powder, humic acid and a compound microbial agent. The soil conditioner disclosed by the invention can be used for reducing the pH value of soil, reducing salinity, promoting the recovery of organic matters and improving the fertility of the soil, and is beneficial to improving the yield of crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil conditioners and relates to a soil conditioner for treating saline-alkali land and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Saline-alkali land is a type of salt accumulation, which refers to land where the salt contained in the soil affects the normal growth of crops. Saline-alkali land can be divided into light saline-alkali land, moderate saline-alkali land and heavy saline-alkali land. The essence of its formation is mainly the horizontal and vertical redistribution of various soluble salts on the ground, so that salt gradually accumulates on the soil surface in the salt-accumulating area.

[0003] Traditional saline-alkali land management mainly relies on large-scale water pressure or flooding to reduce salt, which results in water resource waste and rising groundwater levels. Freshwater flushing can only remove salt ions in the soil solution, but it is difficult to flush out the base ions on the soil colloid. Irrigation with salt water and saline-alkali water causes farmland to become increasingly salty and alkaline. Traditional gypsum can achieve ion exchange, but excessive calcium ions lead to severe soil compaction and calcification.

[0004] In response to different soil environments, traditional saline-alkali land management mainly uses salt-alkali tolerant varieties and microorganisms to solve the problems of low seedling emergence rate and low crop yield. However, most saline-alkali varieties and microorganisms have their own tolerance range and it is difficult for them to adapt to complex and changing environments. In particular, dry land is difficult to cope with salt return, and many of them can only be achieved by planting salt-tolerant rice varieties combined with water changes.

[0005] According to different planting environments, the problems of high cost of saline-alkali land improvement and low planting income are solved. The traditional saline-alkali land management cost is high and the management model is single. In particular, the cost of water conservancy and engineering measures is higher. The yield and income of saline-alkali land planting are low, resulting in low enthusiasm for planting. Summary of the invention

[0006] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel saline-alkali land soil conditioner, which can improve the saline-alkali land in a long-lasting manner and increase crop yield.

[0007] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve the above purpose:

[0008] A soil conditioner for saline-alkali land treatment, mainly prepared from the following ingredients:

[0009] Fermented fertilizer, biochar II, corn straw powder, attapulgite powder, humic acid, composite microbial agent;

[0010] The preparation method of the soil conditioner for saline-alkali land treatment is as follows:

[0011] First, prepare fermented fertilizer and compound microbial agent:

[0012] Step 1, crushing peanut shells into peanut shell powder for later use; volatilizing the waste distiller's grains until there is no alcohol taste for later use;

[0013] Step 2, the peanut shell powder obtained in step 1, the waste lees and Enteromorpha, and water are homogenized, boiled, and then cooled to room temperature, 30-35 g / L of sucrose, 6-8 g / L of yeast extract powder, 0.5-0.8 g / L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1-1.2 g / L of potassium hydrogen phosphate, 3-5 g / L of ammonium chloride, and 15-20 g / L of agar are added, and the pH is adjusted to 6.5-7.0 to obtain fermentation substrate I for standby use;

[0014] Step 3, inoculating the fermentation substrate I obtained in step 2 with a spore suspension of Aspergillus niger and a spore suspension of Aspergillus oryzae, fermenting and culturing at 30-35° C. for 10-13 h, centrifuging after the fermentation is completed, and using the supernatant and precipitate for later use;

[0015] Step 4, mixing the supernatant obtained in step 3 with livestock manure, and fermenting for 2.5-3 days to obtain fermented fertilizer;

[0016] Step 5, soaking the precipitate obtained in step 3 in a hydrochloric acid solution for 20-30 minutes, filtering and drying, heating in an oxygen-free environment at 500-600° C. for 2.5-3 hours, cooling to room temperature, washing with a hydrochloric acid solution, and then washing with distilled water until neutral, and drying to obtain biochar I;

[0017] Step 6, the biochar I obtained in step 5 is mixed with corn flour, wheat bran, yeast extract, potassium hydrogen phosphate and water to prepare a fermentation matrix II, the pH is adjusted to 7.0-7.5, and Bacillus subtilis seed solution, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens seed solution, Xinjiang plant actinomycetes seed solution, and halophilic Bacillus seed solution are inoculated respectively, cultured at 30-35°C, and dried to obtain a fermentation matrix II with a content of 1×10 10 ~10×10 10 cfu / g of Bacillus subtilis agent, with a content of 1×10 10 ~10×10 10 cfu / g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, with a content of 1×10 8 ~10×10 8 cfu / g of Xinjiang plant actinomycete agent, with a content of 1×10 10 ~10×10 10 cfu / g of halophilic bacillus agent; the obtained long-branched Trichoderma agent, Bacillus subtilis agent, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, and Xinjiang plant actinomycetes agent are mixed in a mass ratio of 1: (2.5-3.0): (2.0-2.2): (1.5-1.8): (3-5) to obtain a composite microbial agent.

[0018] Secondly, prepare biochar II:

[0019] The slag and bamboo charcoal powder are mixed and soaked in a potassium permanganate solution for 30-40 minutes, filtered and dried, heated in an oxygen-free environment at 400-450°C for 1-1.5 hours, cooled to room temperature, soaked in a phosphoric acid solution for 40-60 minutes, filtered and dried, heated in an oxygen-free environment at 600-700°C for 30-40 minutes, cooled to room temperature, soaked in wood vinegar for 20-30 minutes, filtered and dried, seaweed extract is added, and stirred in a negative pressure environment for 20-30 minutes to obtain biomass charcoal II.

[0020] Final preparation of soil conditioner:

[0021] After mixing 35-40 parts by weight of fermented fertilizer, 20-25 parts by weight of biochar II, 30-40 parts by weight of corn straw powder, 10-15 parts by weight of attapulgite powder and 10-12 parts by weight of humic acid, adjust the humidity of the mixture to 40-50%, place it in a closed environment at 35-40°C for 1-1.5 days, then add 12-15 parts by weight of composite microbial agent and mix well to obtain a soil conditioner.

[0022] In certain embodiments, in step 2, the mass ratio of peanut shell powder, waste distiller's grains, enteromorpha, and water is 1:(0.3-0.5):(0.5-0.7):(5-8).

[0023] In certain embodiments, in step 3, the inoculum size of the Aspergillus niger spore suspension is 0.3-0.5 mL / L, and the inoculum size of the Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension is 1.0-1.2 mL / L.

[0024] In some embodiments, the concentration of the Aspergillus niger spore suspension in step 3 is 1×10 7 / mL, the concentration of Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension is 1×10 7 Pieces / mL.

[0025] In certain embodiments, the mass ratio of the supernatant to livestock manure in step 4 is 1:(1.5-1.8).

[0026] In certain embodiments, the livestock manure in step 4 includes but is not limited to common livestock manure such as pig manure, sheep manure, and cow manure.

[0027] In certain embodiments, the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution in step 5 is 10-15%.

[0028] In certain embodiments, the mass ratio of biochar I, corn flour, wheat bran, yeast extract powder, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and water in the fermentation matrix II of step 6 is 1:(3-5):(1.2-1.5):(0.5-0.8):(0.03-0.05):(20-30).

[0029] In certain embodiments, in step 6, the OD value of the Bacillus subtilis seed solution is 2.2-2.5, the OD value of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens seed solution is 1.3-1.5, the OD value of the Xinjiang plant actinomycetes seed solution is 1.8-2.0, and the OD value of the halophilic Bacillus seed solution is 3.0-3.3.

[0030] In certain embodiments, in step 6, the inoculation amount of Bacillus subtilis seed solution is 3-5 mL / L, the inoculation amount of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens seed solution is 1-3 mL / L, the inoculation amount of Xinjiang plant actinomycetes seed solution is 5-8 mL / L, and the inoculation amount of Bacillus halophilus seed solution is 10-12 mL / L.

[0031] In certain embodiments, the mass ratio of slag, bamboo charcoal powder, and seaweed in the preparation of the biochar II is 1:(0.3-0.4):(0.5-0.8).

[0032] In certain embodiments, the mass fraction of potassium permanganate solution in the preparation of biochar II is 12-15%.

[0033] In certain embodiments, the mass fraction of the phosphoric acid solution in the preparation of the biochar II is 30-40%.

[0034] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. The present invention utilizes fermented liquor of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae to mix with livestock feces and then decompose them. The fermented liquor contains rich acidic substances, which can significantly improve the activity of beneficial microorganisms of lactic acid bacteria in feces, effectively decompose organic matter, release nutrients, and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria. The fermented fertilizer after decomposition is acidic as a whole. When applied to saline-alkali soil, it can quickly neutralize alkaline components in the soil and reduce soil pH, and also effectively avoid the influence of saline-alkali soil on microorganisms in the conditioner, providing a better working environment for the microbial agent.

[0036] 2. A composite microbial agent is added to the soil conditioner of the present invention, and biochar is added to the culture matrix of the microorganisms. The rich pore structure of the biochar is used to expand the reproduction space of the microorganisms. The content of microorganisms in the obtained microbial agent is significantly higher than that obtained from the traditional culture medium. When applied to saline-alkali soil, a high content of live bacteria can be maintained, and soil organic matter can be quickly decomposed to release nutrients. At the same time, halophilic bacteria and actinomycetes are used to decompose the salt in the soil. As time changes, the outer layer of microorganisms is consumed, and the microorganisms in the biochar are slowly released, which can effectively replenish the number of microorganisms and achieve continuous and long-term improvement of the soil by microorganisms. At the same time, biochar is used to adsorb salt in the soil, and the decomposition of salt by microorganisms can also be achieved in the biochar structure. Multiple channels work together to effectively reduce the salt concentration in the soil.

[0037] 3. In addition to the biochar contained in the microbial agent, the present invention further adds modified biochar, and further calcines the slag and bamboo charcoal powder at high temperature to make them have a higher specific surface area and porous structure. The biochar can improve the agglomeration structure of the soil, and enhance the air permeability and water retention capacity of the soil. In the preparation of the biochar, the method of soaking in wood vinegar and negative pressure adsorption of seaweed is adopted to load the biochar with a certain amount of wood vinegar and seaweed, which can neutralize the alkaline components in the soil and improve the soil environment of the saline-alkali land. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 : Changes in soil pH during the experiment, where * indicates that in 0-20 cm soil, compared with the CN group, P < 0.05; # indicates that in 20-50 cm soil, compared with the CN group, P < 0.05;

[0039] Figure 2 : Changes in soil electrical conductivity during the experiment, where * indicates that in the 0-20 cm soil, compared with the CN group, P < 0.05; # indicates that in the 20-50 cm soil, compared with the CN group, P < 0.05;

[0040] Figure 3 : Changes in soil organic matter content during the experiment, where * indicates that in 0-20 cm soil, compared with the CN group, P < 0.05; # indicates that in 20-50 cm soil, compared with the CN group, P < 0.05;

[0041] Figure 4 : Changes in soil alkaline nitrogen content during the experiment, where * indicates that in 0-20 cm soil, compared with the CN group, P < 0.05; # indicates that in 20-50 cm soil, compared with the CN group, P < 0.05;

[0042] Figure 5: Changes in soil available phosphorus content during the experiment, where * indicates that in 0-20 cm soil, compared with the CN group, P < 0.05; # indicates that in 20-50 cm soil, compared with the CN group, P < 0.05;

[0043] Figure 6 : Changes in soil available potassium content during the experiment, where * indicates that in 0-20 cm soil, compared with the CN group, P < 0.05; # indicates that in 20-50 cm soil, compared with the CN group, P < 0.05;

[0044] Figure 7 : Corn ears in group S1;

[0045] Figure 8 : Corn ears in group S4;

[0046] Fig. 9 : Corn ears in group S5;

[0047] Fig.10 : Corn ears in CN group;

[0048] Fig.11 : Comparison chart of corn ears, among which No. 1, No. 2 and No. 6 are corn ears of S1 group, No. 3 is corn ear of S4 group, No. 4 is corn ear of S6 group, and No. 5 is corn ear of CN group. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, modifications of various equivalent forms of the present invention by those skilled in the art all fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this application. The microorganisms used in the present invention are all purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Management Center.

[0050] Example 1 Preparation of microbial raw materials

[0051] The Aspergillus niger strain CGMCC 3.11529 and the Aspergillus oryzae strain CGMCC 3.7195 were activated according to the instructions to fully restore the activity of the strains. After seed culture, the spore-containing fermentation liquid was taken to prepare a concentration of 1×10 7 The Aspergillus niger spore suspension was obtained with a concentration of 1×10 7 / mL Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension.

[0052] The CGMCC 1.8955 Bacillus subtilis strain, the CGMCC 1.281 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain, the CGMCC4.4663 Xinjiang plant actinomycetes strain, and the CGMCC 1.15481 halophilic Bacillus strain were activated according to the instructions and then cultured as seeds to obtain a Bacillus subtilis seed solution with an OD value of 2.2-2.5, a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens seed solution with an OD value of 1.3-1.5, a Xinjiang plant actinomycetes seed solution with an OD value of 1.8-2.0, and a halophilic Bacillus seed solution with an OD value of 3.0-3.3.

[0053] The spore suspension-based seed solution obtained in this example is used in the following embodiments.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] First, prepare fermented fertilizer and compound microbial agent:

[0056] Step 1, crushing the peanut shells, passing through a 100-120 mesh sieve, and obtaining peanut shell powder for later use; volatilizing the waste distiller's grains until there is no alcohol taste for later use;

[0057] Step 2, mixing peanut shell powder, waste distiller's grains, enteromorpha, and water in a mass ratio of 1: (0.3-0.5): (0.5-0.7): (5-8) to prepare a homogenate, boiling, cooling to room temperature, adding 30-35 g / L sucrose, 6-8 g / L yeast extract powder, 0.5-0.8 g / L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1-1.2 g / L potassium hydrogen phosphate, 3-5 g / L ammonium chloride, and 15-20 g / L agar, adjusting the pH to 6.5-7.0, and obtaining fermentation substrate I for standby use;

[0058] Step 3, inoculating the fermentation substrate I obtained in step 2 with 0.3-0.5 mL / L of the Aspergillus niger spore suspension and 1.0-1.2 mL / L of the Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension, fermenting and culturing at 30-35° C. for 10-13 h, centrifuging after the fermentation is completed, and using the supernatant and precipitate for later use;

[0059] Step 4, mixing the supernatant after centrifugation with livestock manure in a mass ratio of 1: (1.5-1.8), and fermenting for 2.5-3 days to obtain fermented fertilizer;

[0060] Step 5, soaking the above centrifuged precipitate in a 15% hydrochloric acid solution for 20 minutes, filtering and drying, heating in an oxygen-free environment at 600°C for 2.5 hours, cooling to room temperature, washing with a 15% hydrochloric acid solution, and then washing with distilled water until neutral, and drying to obtain biochar I;

[0061] Step 6: Biochar I, corn flour, wheat bran, yeast extract, potassium hydrogen phosphate, and water are prepared into fermentation matrix II according to the ratio of 1:5:1.2:0.8:0.03:30, and the pH is adjusted to 7.5. 3 mL / L of Bacillus subtilis seed solution with an OD value of 2.5, 3 mL / L of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens seed solution with an OD value of 1.3, 5 mL / L of Xinjiang plant actinomycetes seed solution with an OD value of 2.0, and 12 mL / L of halophilic Bacillus seed solution with an OD value of 3.0 are inoculated respectively, and cultured at 35°C and dried to obtain 9.3×10 10 cfu / g of Bacillus subtilis agent, with a content of 2.1×10 10 cfu / g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, with a content of 5.8×10 8 cfu / g of Xinjiang plant actinomycete agent, with a content of 7.4×10 10 cfu / g of halophilic bacillus agent; the obtained long-branch Trichoderma agent, Bacillus subtilis agent, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, and Xinjiang plant actinomycetes agent are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:3.0:2.0:1.8:5 to obtain a composite microbial agent.

[0062] Secondly, prepare biochar II:

[0063] Preparation of biochar II: Weigh slag, bamboo charcoal powder and seaweed in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.5; mix the slag and bamboo charcoal powder and soak them in a 15% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, filter and dry them, heat them in an oxygen-free environment at 450°C for 1 hour, cool them to room temperature, soak them in a 40% phosphoric acid solution for 40 minutes, filter and dry them, heat them in an oxygen-free environment at 600°C for 40 minutes, cool them to room temperature, soak them in wood vinegar for 30 minutes, filter and dry them, add seaweed, and stir them in a negative pressure environment for 20 minutes to obtain biochar II.

[0064] Final preparation of soil conditioner:

[0065] After mixing 40 parts by weight of fermented fertilizer, 20 parts by weight of biochar II, 40 parts by weight of corn straw powder, 10 parts by weight of attapulgite powder and 12 parts by weight of humic acid, the humidity of the mixture is adjusted to 50%, and the mixture is placed in a closed environment at 40°C for 1 day. Then, 12 parts by weight of a composite microbial agent is added and mixed to obtain a soil conditioner.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] First, prepare fermented fertilizer and compound microbial agent:

[0068] Step 1, crushing the peanut shells, passing through a 120-mesh sieve, and obtaining peanut shell powder for later use; volatilizing the waste distiller's grains until there is no alcohol taste for later use;

[0069] Step 2, mixing peanut shell powder, waste lees, Enteromorpha, and water in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.5:8 to prepare a homogenate, boiling, and cooling to room temperature, adding 35 g / L sucrose, 6 g / L yeast extract powder, 0.8 g / L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1 g / L potassium hydrogen phosphate, 5 g / L ammonium chloride, and 15 g / L agar, adjusting the pH to 7.0, and obtaining fermentation substrate I for standby use;

[0070] First, prepare fermented fertilizer and compound microbial agent:

[0071] Step 1, crushing the peanut shells, passing through a 100-mesh sieve, and obtaining peanut shell powder for later use; volatilizing the waste distiller's grains until there is no alcohol taste for later use;

[0072] Step 2, mixing peanut shell powder, waste lees, Enteromorpha, and water in a mass ratio of 1:0.3:0.7:5 to prepare a homogenate, boiling, and cooling to room temperature, adding 30 g / L sucrose, 8 g / L yeast extract powder, 0.5 g / L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1.2 g / L potassium hydrogen phosphate, 3 g / L ammonium chloride, and 20 g / L agar, adjusting the pH to 6.5, and obtaining fermentation substrate I for standby use;

[0073] Step 3, inoculating 0.5 mL / L of the Aspergillus niger spore suspension and 1.0 mL / L of the Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension into the fermentation substrate I obtained in step 2, fermenting and culturing at 35° C. for 10 h, centrifuging after the fermentation is completed, and using the supernatant and precipitate for later use;

[0074] Step 4, mixing the supernatant after centrifugation with livestock manure in a mass ratio of 1:1.8, and fermenting for 3 days to obtain fermented fertilizer;

[0075] Step 5, soaking the above centrifuged precipitate in a 10% hydrochloric acid solution for 30 minutes, filtering and drying, heating in an oxygen-free environment at 500° C. for 3 hours, cooling to room temperature, washing with a 10% hydrochloric acid solution, and then washing with distilled water until neutral, and drying to obtain biochar I;

[0076] Step 6: Biochar I, corn flour, wheat bran, yeast extract, potassium hydrogen phosphate, and water are prepared into fermentation matrix II according to the ratio of 1:3:1.5:0.5:0.05:20, and the pH is adjusted to 7.0. 5 mL / L of Bacillus subtilis seed solution with an OD value of 2.2, 1 mL / L of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens seed solution with an OD value of 1.5, 8 mL / L of Xinjiang plant actinomycetes seed solution with an OD value of 1.8, and 10 mL / L of halophilic Bacillus seed solution with an OD value of 3.3 are inoculated respectively, and cultured at 30°C and dried to obtain 6.2×10 10 cfu / g of Bacillus subtilis agent, with a content of 8.9×10 10cfu / g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, with a content of 2.1×10 8 cfu / g of Xinjiang plant actinomycete agent, with a content of 1.5×10 10 cfu / g of halophilic bacillus agent; the obtained long-branch Trichoderma agent, Bacillus subtilis agent, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, and Xinjiang plant actinomycetes agent are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2.5:2.2:1.5:3 to obtain a composite microbial agent.

[0077] Secondly, prepare biochar II:

[0078] Preparation of biochar II: Weigh slag, bamboo charcoal powder and seaweed in a mass ratio of 1:0.3:0.8; mix the slag and bamboo charcoal powder and soak them in a 12% potassium permanganate solution for 40 minutes, filter and dry them, heat them in an oxygen-free environment at 400°C for 1.5 hours, cool them to room temperature, soak them in a 30% phosphoric acid solution for 60 minutes, filter and dry them, heat them in an oxygen-free environment at 700°C for 30 minutes, cool them to room temperature, soak them in wood vinegar for 20 minutes, filter and dry them, add seaweed, and stir them in a negative pressure environment for 30 minutes to obtain biochar II.

[0079] Final preparation of soil conditioner:

[0080] After mixing 35 parts by weight of fermented fertilizer, 25 parts by weight of biochar II, 30 parts by weight of corn straw powder, 15 parts by weight of attapulgite powder, and 10 parts by weight of humic acid, adjust the humidity of the mixture to 40%, place it in a closed environment at 35°C for 1.5 days, then add 15 parts by weight of composite microbial agent and mix well to obtain a soil conditioner.

[0081] Example 4

[0082] First, prepare fermented fertilizer and compound microbial agent:

[0083] Step 1, crushing the peanut shells, passing through a 120-mesh sieve, and obtaining peanut shell powder for later use; volatilizing the waste distiller's grains until there is no alcohol taste for later use;

[0084] Step 2, peanut shell powder, waste lees, Enteromorpha, and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.6:6 to prepare a homogenate, boiled, and then cooled to room temperature, 33 g / L sucrose, 7 g / L yeast extract, 0.7 g / L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1.1 g / L potassium hydrogen phosphate, 4 g / L ammonium chloride, and 18 g / L agar are added, and the pH is adjusted to 7.0 to obtain fermentation substrate I for standby use;

[0085] Step 3, inoculating 0.3 mL / L of the Aspergillus niger spore suspension and 1.2 mL / L of the Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension into the fermentation substrate I obtained in step 2, fermenting and culturing at 30° C. for 13 h, centrifuging after the fermentation is completed, and using the supernatant and precipitate for later use;

[0086] Step 4, mixing the supernatant after centrifugation with livestock manure in a mass ratio of 1:1.5, and fermenting for 3 days to obtain fermented fertilizer;

[0087] Step 5, soaking the above centrifuged precipitate in a 13% hydrochloric acid solution for 25 minutes, filtering and drying, heating in an oxygen-free environment at 500° C. for 3 hours, cooling to room temperature, washing with a 13% hydrochloric acid solution, and then washing with distilled water until neutral, and drying to obtain biochar I;

[0088] Step 6: Biochar I, corn flour, wheat bran, yeast extract, potassium hydrogen phosphate, and water are prepared into fermentation matrix II according to the ratio of 1:4:1.3:0.7:0.04:25, and the pH is adjusted to 7.0. 4 mL / L of Bacillus subtilis seed solution with an OD value of 2.3, 2 mL / L of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens seed solution with an OD value of 1.4, 6 mL / L of Xinjiang plant actinomycetes seed solution with an OD value of 1.9, and 11 mL / L of halophilic Bacillus seed solution with an OD value of 3.2 are inoculated respectively, and cultured at 30°C and dried to obtain 7.2×10 10 cfu / g of Bacillus subtilis agent, with a content of 5.9×10 10 cfu / g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, with a content of 8.6×10 8 cfu / g of Xinjiang plant actinomycete agent, with a content of 3.5×10 10 cfu / g of halophilic bacillus agent; the obtained long-branch Trichoderma agent, Bacillus subtilis agent, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, and Xinjiang plant actinomycetes agent are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2.8:2.1:1.6:4 to obtain a composite microbial agent.

[0089] Secondly, prepare biochar II:

[0090] Preparation of biochar II: Weigh slag, bamboo charcoal powder and seaweed in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.6; mix the slag and bamboo charcoal powder and soak them in a 13% potassium permanganate solution for 40 minutes, filter and dry them, heat them in an oxygen-free environment at 450°C for 1 hour, cool them to room temperature and soak them in a 35% phosphoric acid solution for 50 minutes, filter and dry them, heat them in an oxygen-free environment at 700°C for 30 minutes, cool them to room temperature, soak them in wood vinegar for 30 minutes, filter and dry them, add seaweed, and stir them in a negative pressure environment for 30 minutes to obtain biochar II.

[0091] Final preparation of soil conditioner:

[0092] After mixing 38 parts by weight of fermented fertilizer, 23 parts by weight of biochar II, 35 parts by weight of corn straw powder, 13 parts by weight of attapulgite powder, and 11 parts by weight of humic acid, the humidity of the mixture is adjusted to 45%, and the mixture is placed in a closed environment at 40°C for 1.5 days. Then, 13 parts by weight of a composite microbial agent is added and mixed to obtain a soil conditioner.

[0093] Comparative Example 1

[0094] First, prepare the composite microbial agent:

[0095] Step 1, crushing the peanut shells, passing through a 120-mesh sieve, and obtaining peanut shell powder for later use; volatilizing the waste distiller's grains until there is no alcohol taste for later use;

[0096] Step 2, mixing peanut shell powder, waste lees, Enteromorpha, and water in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.6:6 to prepare a homogenate, boiling, and cooling to room temperature, adding 33 g / L sucrose, 7 g / L yeast extract, 0.7 g / L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1.1 g / L potassium hydrogen phosphate, 4 g / L ammonium chloride, and 18 g / L agar, adjusting the pH to 7.0, and obtaining a fermentation substrate for standby use;

[0097] Step 3, inoculating the fermentation matrix obtained in step 2 with 4 mL / L of Bacillus subtilis seed solution with an OD value of 2.2, 2 mL / L of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens seed solution with an OD value of 1.5, 6 mL / L of Xinjiang plant actinomycete seed solution with an OD value of 1.85, and 11 mL / L of halophilic Bacillus seed solution with an OD value of 3.1, respectively, culturing at 30°C, and drying to obtain 6.6×10 10 cfu / g of Bacillus subtilis agent, with a content of 5.3×10 10 cfu / g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, with a content of 9.6×10 8 cfu / g of Xinjiang plant actinomycete agent, with a content of 7.5×10 10 cfu / g of halophilic bacillus agent; the obtained long-branch Trichoderma agent, Bacillus subtilis agent, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, and Xinjiang plant actinomycetes agent are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2.8:2.1:1.6:4 to obtain a composite microbial agent.

[0098] Secondly, prepare biochar II:

[0099] Preparation of biochar II: Weigh slag, bamboo charcoal powder and seaweed in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.6; mix the slag and bamboo charcoal powder and soak them in a 13% potassium permanganate solution for 40 minutes, filter and dry them, heat them in an oxygen-free environment at 450°C for 1 hour, cool them to room temperature and soak them in a 35% phosphoric acid solution for 50 minutes, filter and dry them, heat them in an oxygen-free environment at 700°C for 30 minutes, cool them to room temperature, soak them in wood vinegar for 30 minutes, filter and dry them, add seaweed, and stir them in a negative pressure environment for 30 minutes to obtain biochar II.

[0100] Final preparation of soil conditioner:

[0101] After mixing 38 parts by weight of fermented fertilizer, 23 parts by weight of biochar II, 35 parts by weight of corn straw powder, 13 parts by weight of attapulgite powder, and 11 parts by weight of humic acid, the humidity of the mixture is adjusted to 45%, and the mixture is placed in a closed environment at 40°C for 1.5 days. Then, 13 parts by weight of a composite microbial agent is added and mixed to obtain a soil conditioner.

[0102] Comparative Example 2

[0103] First, prepare fermented fertilizer and compound microbial agent:

[0104] Step 1, crushing the peanut shells, passing through a 120-mesh sieve, and obtaining peanut shell powder for later use; volatilizing the waste distiller's grains until there is no alcohol taste for later use;

[0105] Step 2, peanut shell powder, waste lees, Enteromorpha, and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.6:6 to prepare a homogenate, boiled, and then cooled to room temperature, 33 g / L sucrose, 7 g / L yeast extract, 0.7 g / L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1.1 g / L potassium hydrogen phosphate, 4 g / L ammonium chloride, and 18 g / L agar are added, and the pH is adjusted to 7.0 to obtain fermentation substrate I for standby use;

[0106] Step 3, inoculating 0.3 mL / L of the Aspergillus niger spore suspension and 1.2 mL / L of the Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension into the fermentation substrate I obtained in step 2, fermenting and culturing at 30° C. for 13 h, centrifuging after the fermentation is completed, and using the supernatant and precipitate for later use;

[0107] Step 4, mixing the supernatant after centrifugation with livestock manure in a mass ratio of 1:1.5, and fermenting for 3 days to obtain fermented fertilizer;

[0108] Step 5: The obtained precipitate, corn flour, wheat bran, yeast extract, potassium hydrogen phosphate and water are prepared into fermentation matrix II in a ratio of 1:4:1.3:0.7:0.04:25, and the pH is adjusted to 7.0. 4 mL / L of Bacillus subtilis seed solution with an OD value of 2.2, 2 mL / L of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens seed solution with an OD value of 1.5, 6 mL / L of Xinjiang plant actinomycetes seed solution with an OD value of 2.0, and 11 mL / L of halophilic Bacillus seed solution with an OD value of 3.2 are inoculated respectively, and cultured at 30°C and dried to obtain 5.9×10 10 cfu / g of Bacillus subtilis agent, with a content of 8.1×10 10 cfu / g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, with a content of 7.6×10 8 cfu / g of Xinjiang plant actinomycete agent, with a content of 4.6×10 10 cfu / g of halophilic bacillus agent; the obtained long-branch Trichoderma agent, Bacillus subtilis agent, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, and Xinjiang plant actinomycetes agent are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2.8:2.1:1.6:4 to obtain a composite microbial agent.

[0109] Secondly, prepare biochar II:

[0110] Preparation of biochar II: Weigh slag, bamboo charcoal powder and seaweed in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.6; mix the slag and bamboo charcoal powder and soak them in a 13% potassium permanganate solution for 40 minutes, filter and dry them, heat them in an oxygen-free environment at 450°C for 1 hour, cool them to room temperature, soak them in a 35% phosphoric acid solution for 50 minutes, filter and dry them, heat them in an oxygen-free environment at 700°C for 30 minutes, and cool them to room temperature to obtain biochar II.

[0111] Final preparation of soil conditioner:

[0112] After mixing 38 parts by weight of fermented fertilizer, 23 parts by weight of biochar II, 35 parts by weight of corn straw powder, 13 parts by weight of attapulgite powder, and 11 parts by weight of humic acid, the humidity of the mixture is adjusted to 45%, and the mixture is placed in a closed environment at 40°C for 1.5 days. Then, 13 parts by weight of a composite microbial agent is added and mixed to obtain a soil conditioner.

[0113] Comparative Example 3

[0114] First, prepare fermented fertilizer and compound microbial agent:

[0115] Step 1, crushing the peanut shells, passing through a 120-mesh sieve, and obtaining peanut shell powder for later use; volatilizing the waste distiller's grains until there is no alcohol taste for later use;

[0116] Step 2, peanut shell powder, waste lees, Enteromorpha, and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.6:6 to prepare a homogenate, boiled, and then cooled to room temperature, 33 g / L sucrose, 7 g / L yeast extract, 0.7 g / L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1.1 g / L potassium hydrogen phosphate, 4 g / L ammonium chloride, and 18 g / L agar are added, and the pH is adjusted to 7.0 to obtain fermentation substrate I for standby use;

[0117] Step 3, inoculating 0.3 mL / L of the Aspergillus niger spore suspension and 1.2 mL / L of the Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension into the fermentation substrate I obtained in step 2, fermenting and culturing at 30° C. for 13 h, centrifuging after the fermentation is completed, and using the supernatant and precipitate for later use;

[0118] Step 4, mixing the supernatant after centrifugation with livestock manure in a mass ratio of 1:1.5, and fermenting for 3 days to obtain fermented fertilizer;

[0119] Step 5, soaking the above centrifuged precipitate in a 13% hydrochloric acid solution for 25 minutes, filtering and drying, heating in an oxygen-free environment at 500° C. for 3 hours, cooling to room temperature, washing with a 13% hydrochloric acid solution, and then washing with distilled water until neutral, and drying to obtain biochar;

[0120] Step 6: Biochar, corn flour, wheat bran, yeast extract, potassium hydrogen phosphate, and water are prepared into fermentation matrix II according to the ratio of 1:4:1.3:0.7:0.04:25, and the pH is adjusted to 7.0. 4 mL / L of Bacillus subtilis seed solution with an OD value of 2.5, 2 mL / L of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens seed solution with an OD value of 1.3, 6 mL / L of Xinjiang plant actinomycete seed solution with an OD value of 1.8, and 11 mL / L of halophilic Bacillus seed solution with an OD value of 3.3 are inoculated respectively, and cultured at 30°C and dried to obtain 9.2×10 10 cfu / g of Bacillus subtilis agent, with a content of 7.3×10 10 cfu / g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, with a content of 6.9×10 8 cfu / g of Xinjiang plant actinomycete agent, with a content of 8.1×10 10 cfu / g of halophilic bacillus agent; the obtained long-branch Trichoderma agent, Bacillus subtilis agent, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, and Xinjiang plant actinomycetes agent are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2.8:2.1:1.6:4 to obtain a composite microbial agent.

[0121] Final preparation of soil conditioner:

[0122] After mixing 38 parts by weight of fermented fertilizer, 35 parts by weight of corn straw powder, 13 parts by weight of attapulgite powder and 11 parts by weight of humic acid, the humidity of the mixture was adjusted to 45%, and the mixture was placed in a closed environment at 40°C for 1.5 days. Then, 14 parts by weight of composite microbial agent was added and mixed to obtain a soil conditioner.

[0123] Performance Testing

[0124] 1. Effects of soil conditioners on soil properties of mild saline-alkali land and corn planting

[0125] 1. Experimental materials and methods

[0126] 1.1 Experimental site

[0127] The test site in this experiment is located in a village in Linshu County, Linyi City. The soil properties of the test site are slightly salinized soil with low soil fertility. The soil properties are shown in Table 1 below.

[0128] Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of soil

[0129]

[0130] The experiment adopted a randomized block design with 7 treatment methods, including blank treatment (CN, conventional fertilization, no soil conditioner) and experimental treatment (S1-S6, conventional fertilization + different soil conditioners). The area of ​​each treatment was 200m 2 , no repetition, and each treatment was randomly arranged.

[0131] 1.2 Test methods

[0132] Corn was sown in early April 2024 with a row spacing of 0.5m and a density of 68,000 plants / hm2. 2 Each treatment was fertilized with conventional fertilizer or conventional fertilizer + 300 kg / hm 2 Soil conditioner is applied once as base fertilizer and plowed into the soil. Later, topdressing should be done reasonably during different growth stages of corn. The amount of topdressing, fertilizer application, watering times and other field management should remain consistent.

[0133] 1.3 Detection indicators

[0134] 1.3.1 Soil properties

[0135] During the jointing stage of corn and after harvest, soil was collected from 0-20 cm and 20-50 cm soil layers to measure pH value, electrical conductivity, organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content.

[0136] 1.3.2 Determination of corn traits

[0137] During the experiment, a row was selected in each plot to record the number of seedlings and calculate the emergence rate. 100 corn plants were randomly selected in each plot in a "Z" shape to measure the plant height, ear length and bald length, number of kernels per row, number of rows, 100-kernel weight, and actual yield.

[0138] 2. Results and Analysis

[0139] 2.1 Soil properties

[0140] It can be seen from the test results that the application of the soil conditioner prepared by the present invention can reduce the nutrient content of the soil and significantly improve the nutrient situation of the soil. Compared with the blank soil without the application of the soil conditioner and the soil applied with the soil conditioners of Comparative Examples 1-3, the use effect of the soil conditioner of the present invention is significant, the soil conductivity and pH are both on a downward trend, and the decline is obvious, and the content of organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium is significantly increased. The results are shown in the attached figure.

[0141] 2.2 Effects of different soil treatment agents on corn growth

[0142] The soil improved by the soil conditioner of the present invention can significantly reduce the stress of salinity and alkali on the growth of corn, the corn emergence rate of the S1-S3 groups is significantly improved, the corn plants grow well, the plant height is high, the ear length is long, the baldness of the ear is improved, and the corn yield can be significantly increased.

[0143] Table 2 Growth characteristics of corn

[0144]

[0145]

Claims

1. A soil conditioner for saline-alkali land treatment, characterized in that: It is prepared from fermented fertilizer, biochar II, corn straw powder, attapulgite powder, humic acid, and composite microbial agent; The preparation method of the soil conditioner for saline-alkali land treatment is as follows: First, prepare fermented fertilizer and compound microbial agent: Step 1, crushing peanut shells into peanut shell powder for later use; volatilizing the waste distiller's grains until there is no alcohol taste for later use; Step 2, the peanut shell powder obtained in step 1, the waste lees and Enteromorpha, and water are homogenized, boiled, and then cooled to room temperature, 30-35 g / L of sucrose, 6-8 g / L of yeast extract powder, 0.5-0.8 g / L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1-1.2 g / L of potassium hydrogen phosphate, 3-5 g / L of ammonium chloride, and 15-20 g / L of agar are added, and the pH is adjusted to 6.5-7.0 to obtain fermentation substrate I for standby use; Step 3, inoculating the fermentation substrate I obtained in step 2 with a spore suspension of Aspergillus niger and a spore suspension of Aspergillus oryzae, fermenting and culturing at 30-35° C. for 10-13 h, centrifuging after the fermentation is completed, and using the supernatant and precipitate for later use; Step 4, mixing the supernatant obtained in step 3 with livestock manure, and fermenting for 2.5-3 days to obtain fermented fertilizer; Step 5, soaking the precipitate obtained in step 3 in a hydrochloric acid solution for 20-30 minutes, filtering and drying, heating in an oxygen-free environment at 500-600° C. for 2.5-3 hours, cooling to room temperature, washing with a hydrochloric acid solution, and then washing with distilled water until neutral, and drying to obtain biochar I; Step 6, the biochar I obtained in step 5 is mixed with corn flour, wheat bran, yeast extract powder, potassium hydrogen phosphate and water to prepare a fermentation matrix II, the pH is adjusted to 7.0-7.5, and Bacillus subtilis seed solution, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens seed solution, Xinjiang plant actinomycetes seed solution and halophilic Bacillus seed solution are inoculated respectively, cultured at 30-35° C., and dried to obtain Bacillus subtilis inoculum with a content of 1×1010-10×1010 cfu / g and Bacillus halophilus seed solution with a content of 1×1010-10×1010 cfu / g, respectively. 10 ~10×10 10 cfu / g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, with a content of 1×10 8 ~10×10 8 cfu / g of Xinjiang plant actinomycete agent, with a content of 1×10 10 ~10×10 10 cfu / g of halophilic bacillus agent; the obtained long-branched Trichoderma agent, Bacillus subtilis agent, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent, and Xinjiang plant actinomycetes agent are mixed in a mass ratio of 1: (2.5-3.0): (2.0-2.2): (1.5-1.8): (3-5) to obtain a composite microbial agent. Secondly, prepare biochar II: The slag and bamboo charcoal powder are mixed and soaked in a potassium permanganate solution for 30-40 minutes, filtered and dried, heated in an oxygen-free environment at 400-450°C for 1-1.5 hours, cooled to room temperature, soaked in a phosphoric acid solution for 40-60 minutes, filtered and dried, heated in an oxygen-free environment at 600-700°C for 30-40 minutes, cooled to room temperature, soaked in wood vinegar for 20-30 minutes, filtered and dried, seaweed extract is added, and stirred in a negative pressure environment for 20-30 minutes to obtain biomass charcoal II. Final preparation of soil conditioner: After mixing 35-40 parts by weight of fermented fertilizer, 20-25 parts by weight of biochar II, 30-40 parts by weight of corn straw powder, 10-15 parts by weight of attapulgite powder and 10-12 parts by weight of humic acid, adjust the humidity of the mixture to 40-50%, place it in a closed environment at 35-40°C for 1-1.5 days, then add 12-15 parts by weight of composite microbial agent and mix well to obtain a soil conditioner.

2. The soil conditioner for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the mass ratio of peanut shell powder, waste distiller's grains, enteromorpha and water is 1:(0.3-0.5):(0.5-0.7):(5-8).

3. The soil conditioner for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the inoculum amount of the Aspergillus niger spore suspension is 0.3-0.5 mL / L, and the inoculum amount of the Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension is 1.0-1.2 mL / L; the concentration of the Aspergillus niger spore suspension is 1×10 7 / mL, the concentration of Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension is 1×10 7 Pieces / mL.

4. The soil conditioner for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the mass ratio of the supernatant to livestock feces is 1:(1.5-1.8).

5. The soil conditioner for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 4, characterized in that: The livestock manure in step 4 includes but is not limited to pig manure, sheep manure, and cow manure.

6. The soil conditioner for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution in step 5 is 10-15%.

7. The soil conditioner for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 6, the mass ratio of biochar I, corn flour, wheat bran, yeast extract powder, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and water in the fermentation matrix II is 1:(3-5):(1.2-1.5):(0.5-0.8):(0.03-0.05):(20-30).

8. The soil conditioner for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 6, the inoculation amount of the Bacillus subtilis seed solution is 3-5 mL / L, the inoculation amount of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens seed solution is 1-3 mL / L, the inoculation amount of the Xinjiang plant actinomycetes seed solution is 5-8 mL / L, and the inoculation amount of the halophilic Bacillus seed solution is 10-12 mL / L; the OD value of the Bacillus subtilis seed solution is 2.2-2.5, the OD value of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens seed solution is 1.3-1.5, the OD value of the Xinjiang plant actinomycetes seed solution is 1.8-2.0, and the OD value of the halophilic Bacillus seed solution is 3.0-3.

3.

9. The soil conditioner for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of slag, bamboo charcoal powder and seaweed in the preparation of the biomass charcoal II is 1:(0.3-0.4):(0.5-0.8).

10. The soil conditioner for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass fraction of the potassium permanganate solution in the preparation of the biomass charcoal II is 12-15%, and the mass fraction of the phosphoric acid solution is 30-40%.

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