Method for blasting side slope boulders through unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mining blasting, in particular to a method for blasting side slope boulders through an unmanned aerial vehicle. The method comprises the following steps: determining an optimal blasting position of boulders on a side slope, selecting a traction rope with a proper length according to the optimal blasting position, fixing the traction rope at a safe position of the side slope, connecting the tail end of the traction rope with a directional energy-gathered cartridge bag, arranging a suspension ring on the traction rope in a sliding manner, connecting the suspension ring to an unmanned aerial vehicle, and pulling the directional energy-gathered cartridge bag to the blasting position by the unmanned aerial vehicle. And the unmanned aerial vehicle is controlled to be disconnected with the suspension ring, the length of the traction rope is adjusted, and after the directional energy-gathered cartridge bag is kept at the optimal blasting position, the directional energy-gathered cartridge bag is detonated to conduct directional blasting on the boulder. The method is suitable for blasting operation of various boulders and large blocks in various slope free face areas, the unmanned aerial vehicle energy-gathered directional blasting system is easy to operate, the cost can be greatly saved, and the method can be popularized and used in various boulder and large block blasting areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining blasting, and in particular to a method for blasting isolated rocks on a slope by using an unmanned aerial vehicle. Background Art

[0002] The treatment of boulders near the open-pit mine slope has always been a difficult problem in open-pit mining and blasting operations. Due to their own instability, boulders may slide or roll under the influence of natural conditions such as vibration or rainfall, posing a great threat to workers and equipment below. In addition, the movement or sliding of boulders may cause secondary slope instability accidents and cause large-scale landslides. The treatment of boulders near the open-pit slope is particularly critical, but due to the influence of the location of the boulders and the stability of the open-pit slope, drilling and charging machinery cannot carry out related blasting operations on the boulders.

[0003] There are many factors affecting the difficulty of blasting boulders, which usually involve the physical characteristics, location, surrounding environment and blasting technology of the boulders. At present, the main method for blasting boulders on the open-pit mine slope is to use engineering machinery to correct and fill the gap between the boulders and the open-pit surface, and form a safe working platform in this area, and then use drilling and charging equipment for blasting operations.

[0004] Patent CN113310372A discloses a construction technology and a construction system for handling dangerous rocks on high and steep slopes of phyllite. This patent determines the area where blasting is required for dangerous rocks on high and steep slopes of phyllite as a quasi-static blasting construction area, presets the maximum adjacent distance between the quasi-static blasting construction area and the building, determines whether the distance between the quasi-static blasting construction area and the adjacent building is less than the maximum adjacent distance during the actual construction, determines the rock type of the dangerous rock on the slope, determines the borehole diameter, hole depth, hole spacing and row spacing according to the rock type, determines the drilling direction according to the rock joints, and excavates the rock fragments after static blasting in layers. However, this treatment method usually takes a lot of time and construction costs, and in the process of forming an operating platform, the stability of the slope facing the air is difficult to control, and landslides and other dangers are prone to occur during the drilling process of dangerous rocks, and the safety of leveling and charging blasting operations is difficult to control.

[0005] In view of the difficulty and high risk of drilling and blasting boulders in the process of dealing with boulders on slopes, there is an urgent need to provide a safer treatment method. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention first provides a method for blasting boulders on slopes using a drone.

[0007] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for blasting boulders on a slope by using a drone, comprising a blasting system, wherein the blasting system comprises a drone, a traction rope and a directional shaped charge, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1. Confirm the best blasting position of isolated rocks on the slope;

[0010] S2. Select a traction rope of appropriate length according to the best blasting position, and fix one end of the traction rope, i.e., the head end, at a safe position on the slope, and connect the other end, i.e., the end end, of the traction rope to a directional shaped charge;

[0011] S3. A suspension ring is slidably arranged on the traction rope, the suspension ring is connected to the drone, and the directional shaped charge is towed by the drone to the blasting position;

[0012] S4. Control the UAV to disconnect from the suspension ring, and adjust the length of the traction rope by pulling the traction rope and adjusting the fixed position of the traction rope to keep the directional shaped charge in the optimal blasting position;

[0013] S5. Detonating the directional shaped charge to carry out directionally blasting the isolated rock.

[0014] Preferably, the drone is equipped with a photography system, through which the size of the boulder and the engineering environment are determined, and the construction personnel determine the direction of boulder throwing after evaluating the potential risk of blasting, and confirm the best blasting position.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes a blasting network, which includes detonating cords and blasting caps. The blasting caps are arranged on the directional shaped charge, and the detonating cords are arranged along the traction ropes and extend to a safe position on the slope.

[0016] Preferably, the directional focused charge includes two groups of charges intersecting at a set angle to form a V-shaped structure, the charges are connected to blasting caps, and the positions of the blasting caps avoid the opening range formed by the charges.

[0017] Preferably, it further comprises a fixing plate and a connecting rod, wherein the fixing plate comprises a V-shaped steel plate arranged at a set angle, the fixing plate is arranged to fit the medicine package, and a connecting rod is arranged between adjacent sides of the steel plate to stabilize the structure.

[0018] Preferably, the setting angle of the medicine package is the same as the setting angle of the fixing plate, which is 30° to 90°.

[0019] Preferably, the explosive packages (31) are strip-shaped emulsion explosives, and the two groups of explosive packages (31) have the same number of sections, which is 3 to 7.

[0020] Preferably, the suspension ring is an electric hook with a controllable ring-removing function.

[0021] Preferably, in step S4, before the UAV is disconnected from the suspension ring, the flight altitude of the UAV is first lowered so that the traction rope gradually approaches the boulder, so as to reduce the falling displacement of the directional focused charge after the suspension ring is disconnected.

[0022] Preferably, after the directional blasting, the blasting effect is checked by a drone. If the influence of the isolated rock on the free surface of the slope is not completely eliminated, steps S1 to S5 are repeated to perform directionally blasting on the isolated rock again until the isolated rock is completely processed.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] 1. Use drones to carry out directional energy-focused blasting on boulders on slopes. Remote operation can greatly improve blasting safety and allow accurate measurement and placement of explosives on complex or inaccessible slope free-facing terrain. This method improves operational efficiency while minimizing environmental impact. The use of drones can also reduce labor costs and potential costs caused by safety accidents or equipment damage. It can also be integrated with visual processing technology to provide comprehensive data support for slope terrain and boulder shapes, promoting the modernization and automation of blasting technology. The present invention makes drone directional blasting an efficient and safe solution for dealing with slope boulder problems in open-pit mines and other places.

[0025] 2. The production method of directional shaped charge is simple and convenient. The fixed plate can be replaced by a template or acrylic plate, and the manufacturing cost is low. The use of drones to set directional shaped charge has a high degree of automation and can perform blasting operations while ensuring the safety of blasting operators.

[0026] 3. This method does not require the leveling of the blasting platform, which can reduce the construction workload in the blasting area, save construction time, and save the cost of dealing with isolated rocks. This method allows repeated blasting operations until the isolated rocks on the slope are properly dealt with.

[0027] 4. This method is suitable for blasting various boulders and large blocks in the free surface area of ​​various slopes, and can achieve directional blasting, ensuring the blasting direction of the boulders to the greatest extent, ensuring the safety and stability of the slope structure.

[0028] In summary, the method for blasting boulders on slopes using drones provided by the present invention solves the problem of dealing with boulders on the free surface of high slopes. The drone focused energy directional blasting system is simple to operate and safe and convenient to use. The entire blasting scheme saves additional costs in blasting boulders in mines and can be promoted and used in various boulder and large-block blasting areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of using drones for directional blasting of boulders on slopes.

[0030] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the suspension of the man-machine and the traction rope.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a top view of the directional shaped charge.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a directional shaped charge.

[0033] The meanings of the symbols in the figure are as follows:

[0034] 10. Slope; 20. Boulder; 30. Directed shaped charge; 31. Charge; 32. Fixed plate; 33. Connecting rod; 40. Detonating network; 41. Detonating cord; 42. Detonating cap; 50. UAV; 60. Towing rope; 61. Suspension ring; 62. Fixed nail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0036] Example 1

[0037] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, Figure 1 The figure shows a schematic diagram of a boulder 20 on the free surface of a side slope 10 of an open pit mine. Such a boulder 20 often has a large crack between it and the free surface of the side slope 10, and drilling and charging machinery cannot enter, so the construction is difficult.

[0038] The UAV blasting method is used for processing, including the following steps:

[0039] S1. Use the photography system on the airborne drone 50 to determine the size of the boulder 20 and the engineering environment, evaluate the potential risk of blasting, determine the throwing direction of the boulder 20, and find the best blasting position.

[0040] S2. According to the size of the solitary rock 20 and the engineering environment, select the appropriate amount of emulsion explosives, fix the emulsion explosive package 31 and the shaped explosive fixing plate 32 to make a directional shaped explosive package 30, and use cable ties and electrical tape to bind the emulsion explosive package 31 to the fixing plate 32 to ensure that the two are firmly connected and will not fall off;

[0041] Then, a traction rope 60 of appropriate length is selected according to the distance from the safe position of the slope 10 to the blasting position of the boulder 20. The end of the traction rope is fixedly connected to the directional shaped charge 30. The directional shaped charge 30 is connected to the detonating network 40. In the detonating network 40, the detonating cord 41 is fixedly arranged along the traction rope 60.

[0042] S3. A suspension ring 61 is provided on the rope segment of the traction rope 60. The suspension ring 61 is an electric hook, or the suspension ring 61 is connected to the drone 50 through the electric hook, and the drone 50 tows the directional shaped charge 30 to the blasting position.

[0043] S4. Control the drone 50 to be disconnected from the suspension ring 61, and adjust the length of the traction rope 60 by pulling the traction rope 60 and adjusting the fixed position of the traction rope 60 to keep the directional shaped charge 30 at the optimal blasting position.

[0044] In steps S3-S4, specifically, the blasting operator controls the drone 50 to fly by remote control, and hoists the directional shaped charge 30 to the blasting position of the boulder 20. After the drone 50 flies above the blasting position of the boulder 20, the drone 50 is controlled to gradually move the directional shaped charge 30 closer to the blasting position of the boulder 20 from far to near with the assistance of the drone photography system:

[0045] First, the flying altitude of the UAV 50 is lowered so that the traction rope 60 gradually approaches the boulder 20. In the process of controlling the UAV 50 to slowly descend, the traction rope 60 is pulled at a safe position on the slope 10, and the posture of the directional shaped charge 30 is adjusted by the flying posture of the UAV 50 to maintain the posture and position of the directional shaped charge 30 at the blasting position of the boulder 20, so that the focusing hole of the directional shaped charge 30 faces the boulder.

[0046] During the process of the drone 50 hoisting the directional focused charge 30 , the operator is also configured to remotely observe the hoisting posture of the directional focused charge 30 through a telescope to ensure the accurate positioning of the directional focused charge 30 .

[0047] Then, the directional shaped charge 30 is released by remotely controlling the drone 50 to be unhooked from the suspension ring 61. The falling displacement of the directional shaped charge 30 after release is fine-tuned by pulling the traction rope 61 at a safe position on the slope 10. The directional shaped charge 30 is pulled and positioned at the blasting position at a safe position on the slope 10. After the directional shaped charge 30 is accurately positioned at the blasting position of the boulder 20, the traction rope 60 is anchored at a safe position on the top of the slope 10 by the fixing nails 62.

[0048] S5. After the arrangement is completed, the UAV 50 is controlled to fly and inspect the reliability of the entire detonation network 40 and the directional shaped charge 30 at the blasting position, the operating personnel are evacuated to a safe area, the directional shaped charge 30 is detonated, and the isolated rock 20 is directionally blasted. During the blasting, it is necessary to ensure that there are no personnel and construction machinery within the throwing range of the isolated rock 20 after the blasting to avoid causing casualties and property losses.

[0049] After the blasting is completed, the blasting effect can be checked again by the drone 50. For particularly thick and large boulders, if one directional focused energy blasting cannot eliminate the impact of the boulder 20 on the free surface of the slope 10, repeat steps S1 to S5 and perform directional blasting on the boulder 20 again. The subsequent blasting and the previous blasting are in the same vertical direction as much as possible to facilitate the throwing of the boulder 20 until the boulder 20 is completely processed.

[0050] It should be noted that in this method, the photography system carried by the drone, the exploration of boulders, and the confirmation of the best blasting position can all be completed by existing technical means. For example, the drone photography system can be equipped with different shooting lenses to improve the exploration and observation effects. The images taken by the drone photography system can also be transmitted to the ground operation display device in real time through the graphic transmission module, so that the ground operator can adjust and control the drone 50 in real time. Since the image capture, image transmission, and electric hook of the drone photography system are all mature existing technologies, this embodiment does not elaborate on its specific structure and working principle. There is no special restriction on this. In addition, in the present invention, the specific form of the detonation network 40 can be selected from the existing means, as long as it can ensure that the directional shaped charge 30 can be safely detonated.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] See also Figure 3 , Figure 4 A directional shaped charge includes two groups of charges 31 intersecting at a set angle to form a V-shaped structure, and the opening range of the charge 31 forms a shaped charge hole to increase the blasting performance. Each charge 31 is connected to a blasting cap 42, and the position of the blasting cap 42 avoids the opening range formed by the charge 31.

[0053] The directional focused charge 30 also includes a fixing plate 32 and a connecting rod 33. The fixing plate 32 includes a V-shaped plate set at a set angle. The material may be a metal element, an alloy, a wooden board or a polymer material, etc. The fixing plate 32 is set in contact with the charge 31. A connecting rod 33 is set between adjacent sides of the plate to stabilize the structure.

[0054] The setting angles of the fixing plate 32 and the charge bag 32 are consistent, generally in the range of 30° to 90°. In practical applications, the opening angle is adjusted according to the hardness, structure and expected crushing effect of the material. For example, hard rock generally requires a smaller opening angle to concentrate the blasting energy, while a larger opening angle can be used for softer materials or when a larger crushing area is required.

[0055] The two plates of the fixing plate 32 can be integrally arranged or connected by a hinge or the like. According to the engineering situation, the setting angle between the medicine packs 31 can be adjusted to meet the energy focusing hole design of different directional energy focusing medicine packs 30 .

[0056] In this embodiment, the explosive packages 31 are strip-shaped emulsion explosive packages. Two groups of explosive packages 31 are symmetrically arranged. The number of explosive packages 31 in each group is determined according to the specific engineering conditions. For example, if the diameter is within the range of 30 to 50 mm, the number in each group is the same, which is 3 to 7 sections.

[0057] The medicine package 31 and the fixing plate 32 may be connected by tape or glue. In order to further fix the medicine package 31 and the fixing plate 32, a hole may be opened on the fixing plate 32, and the medicine package 31 may be fixed to the fixing plate 32 by a cable tie.

[0058] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, a person of ordinary skill in the art should understand that any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for blasting isolated rocks on a slope using an unmanned aerial vehicle, characterized in that: The invention comprises a blasting system, wherein the blasting system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle (50), a traction rope (60) and a directional shaped charge (30), and the method comprises the following steps: S1. Confirm the best blasting position of the solitary rock (20) on the slope (10); S2. Select a traction rope (60) of appropriate length according to the optimal blasting position, and fix one end, i.e., the head end, of the traction rope (60) at a safe position on the slope (10), and connect the other end, i.e., the terminal end, of the traction rope (60) to the directional shaped charge (30); S3. A suspension ring (61) is slidably arranged on the traction rope (60), the suspension ring (61) is connected to the drone (50), and the directional shaped charge (30) is towed by the drone (50) to the blasting position; S4. Control the drone (50) to disconnect from the suspension ring (61), and adjust the length of the traction rope (60) by pulling the traction rope (60) and adjusting the fixed position of the traction rope (60) to keep the directional shaped charge (30) at the optimal blasting position; S5. Detonating the directional shaped charge (30) to directionally blast the boulder (20).

2. The method for blasting boulders on slopes by using drones according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drone (50) is equipped with a photographic system, through which the size of the boulder (20) and the engineering environment are determined, and the construction personnel determine the throwing direction of the boulder (20) after evaluating the potential risk of blasting, and confirm the best blasting position.

3. The method for blasting boulders on slopes by using drones according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a detonating network (40), the detonating network (40) includes a detonating cord (41) and a detonating cap (42), the detonating cap (42) is arranged on the directional shaped charge (30), and the detonating cord (41) is arranged along the traction rope (60) and extends to a safe position on the slope (10).

4. The method for blasting boulders on slopes by using drones according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The directional shaped charge (30) comprises two groups of charges (31) intersecting at a set angle to form a V-shaped structure, the charges (31) being connected to blasting caps (42), and the positions of the blasting caps (42) avoiding the opening range formed by the charges (31).

5. The method for blasting boulders on slopes by using drones according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a fixing plate (32) and a connecting rod (33), wherein the fixing plate (32) includes a V-shaped plate arranged at a set angle, the fixing plate (32) is arranged to fit the medicine package (31), and a connecting rod (33) is arranged between adjacent sides of the plate to stabilize the structure.

6. The method for blasting boulders on slopes by using drones according to claim 5, characterized in that: The setting angle of the medicine bag (31) is the same as the setting angle of the fixing plate (32), which is 30° to 90°.

7. The method for blasting boulders on slopes by using drones according to claim 4, characterized in that: The explosive packages (31) are strip-shaped emulsion explosives, and the two groups of explosive packages (31) have the same number of 3 to 7 sections.

8. The method for blasting boulders on slopes by using drones according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suspension ring (61) is an electric hook and has a controllable ring-detaching function.

9. The method for blasting boulders on slopes by using drones according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S4, before the drone (50) is disconnected from the suspension ring (61), the flight altitude of the drone (50) is first lowered so that the traction rope (60) gradually approaches the boulder (20) to reduce the downward displacement of the directional shaped charge (30) after the suspension ring (61) is disconnected.

10. The method for blasting boulders on slopes by using drones according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the directional blasting, the blasting effect is checked by a drone (50). If the influence of the boulder (20) on the free surface of the slope (10) is not completely eliminated, steps S1 to S5 are repeated to perform directional blasting on the boulder (20) again until the boulder (20) is completely processed.

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