Application of combination of microbial agent and charcoal in prevention and treatment of tomato root knot nematode disease

Abstract

The invention discloses application of combination of a microbial agent and biochar in prevention and treatment of tomato root knot nematode disease, and relates to the technical field of tomato root knot nematode prevention and treatment, the microbial agent is purpureocillium lilacinum, the dosage of the purpureocillium lilacinum is 2kg / mu, and the application amount of the biochar is 1t / mu. Purpureocillium lilacinum is dripped into water by drip irrigation once every 20 days. The biochar is applied as a base fertilizer once before tomato field planting. Data determination, arrangement and analysis show that in facility greenhouse soil infected with root knot nematode diseases in Hexi region of Gansu Province, when the use amount of purpureocillium lilacinum is 2kg / mu, the use amount of charcoal is 1t / mu. Under the condition, the tomato growth is facilitated, the quality is better, and a better control effect on the root knot nematode disease is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tomato root-knot nematode control, and more specifically to application of a microbial agent and biochar in controlling tomato root-knot nematode diseases. Background Art

[0002] Root-knot nematodes are common soil-borne diseases in greenhouse vegetable fields, with a wide range of disease, high degree of harm, and poor control effect. The annual yield loss of tomatoes in my country due to root-knot nematode diseases is 20%-30%. At present, many breakthroughs have been made in the control of root-knot nematodes in greenhouse tomatoes, mainly through chemical pesticide control, intercropping of leguminous crops, returning straw to the field, selecting disease-resistant varieties or strong soil reducing agents. However, due to the limitations of farming systems and socio-economic development, it is impossible to fundamentally control the harm of soil-borne pathogens, and the preventive effect is limited and the effect is minimal; chemical control measures such as large-scale irrigation of pesticides and drug fumigation are effective quickly, but they will cause environmental pollution, pesticide residues in soil and agricultural products, and threaten human health. Therefore, finding a suitable method for the control of root-knot nematodes is a prerequisite for the sustained and high-quality development of facility agriculture.

[0003] Biochar refers to a substance produced by high-temperature pyrolysis and carbonization under anoxic or hypoxic conditions. It has the functions of improving and regulating soil pH, increasing soil nutrients, enhancing soil water and fertilizer retention, and improving the abundance and diversity of microbial communities. Studies have shown that the application of biochar can not only improve the soil and improve the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, but also increase the crop leaf area index, increase chlorophyll content, promote photosynthesis, delay plant aging, promote growth, increase yield and improve quality. Previous experiments on the effect of biochar application on soil nematodes showed that as the amount of biochar added increased, the proportion of bacteria-eating nematodes and fungi-eating nematodes increased, and the proportion of plant parasitic nematodes decreased with the increase in the amount of biochar used.

[0004] Microbial agents contain a large number of beneficial microorganisms, which are used to prevent and control diseases caused by harmful fungi, bacteria, and viruses. They can improve soil biological characteristics, maintain the balance of soil microbial flora, thereby improving crop resistance and promoting crop growth. Pseudomonas lilacinus is an antagonistic fungus that feeds on and parasitizes nematodes. It can parasitize the eggs, female worms, and cysts of plant nematodes, and has a good control effect on a variety of plant parasitic nematodes such as root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes.

[0005] However, it has not yet been discovered whether there is an interactive effect between microbial agents and biochar in the prevention and control of tomato root-knot nematode diseases. Therefore, combining microbial agents with biochar and improving the prevention and control effect of tomato root-knot nematodes is a technical problem that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides the use of a microbial agent and biochar in combination for preventing and controlling tomato root-knot nematode diseases.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides the use of a microbial agent and biochar in combination for preventing and controlling tomato root-knot nematode diseases.

[0009] Preferably, the microbial agent is a Pseudomonas lilacinus agent.

[0010] Preferably, the application ratio of microbial agent and biochar per mu is 1:500.

[0011] Preferably, the application amount of the Vibrio lilacinus inoculant is 2 kg / mu, and the application amount of the biochar is 1 t / mu.

[0012] Preferably, the microbial agent and biochar are used together to improve the photosynthesis of tomatoes, promote the growth of tomatoes, and increase the yield of tomatoes.

[0013] A second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a fertilizer preparation, comprising a microbial agent and biochar, and the mass ratio is 1:500.

[0014] A third aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling tomato root-knot nematodes and increasing tomato yield, characterized in that before planting tomatoes, biochar is applied as a base fertilizer at a time, with an application amount of 1 t / mu; after planting tomatoes, the purpurogenous fungus agent is dripped into the water by drip irrigation, starting from the tomato seedling stage, once every 20 days, with an application amount of 400 g each time, and dripped in 5 times.

[0015] In summary, the technical effect achieved by the present invention is: in the early stage, I used field experiments to set up a single-factor completely randomized block experiment (Example 1) and a two-factor (Purple spore and biochar) 3-level completely randomized block experiment (Example 2) to analyze the effects of different treatments on tomato growth, yield quality, photosynthetic characteristics and root-knot nematode indicators. The experimental results of Example 1 show that the combined use of microbial agents and biochar has better effects on tomato growth, yield quality, photosynthetic characteristics and root-knot nematode indicators than the single application of microbial agents and the single application of biochar. The experimental results of Example 2 show that the dosage of Purple spore is 2kg / mu and the application of biochar is 1t / mu for screening the optimal combination. Under these conditions, tomatoes are conducive to growth, have better quality, and have better prevention effects on root-knot nematode diseases. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Materials and Methods Used in Examples

[0018] 1) Overview of the test site

[0019] The experiment was conducted from April to October 2023 in a greenhouse facility where tomatoes were continuously planted and root-knot nematodes were severely infected in Wuwei City, Hexi Region, Gansu Province. The test area is 1510m above sea level, with an average annual temperature of 7.8℃, and groundwater is the main source of irrigation. The basic physical and chemical properties of the greenhouse soil are: pH 8.04, organic matter 18.5g / kg, total nitrogen 0.73g / kg, alkaline nitrogen 90mg / kg, available phosphorus 32.13mg / kg, and available potassium 105mg / kg.

[0020] 2) Test materials

[0021] The test crop was tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the local main variety "Jinbao 1848", which was provided by Wuwei Baili Seedling Co., Ltd.; the microbial agent (Purplesporium lilacinum) was purchased from Henan Wobao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with an effective viable count of ≥ 500 million / g; the test biochar was corn straw charcoal, provided by Henan Li Ze Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., and the main properties of the biochar were: carbon mass fraction of 42.21%, total nitrogen content of 5.31 g / kg, and total potassium content of 11.22 g / kg , total phosphorus content was 2.35g / kg, carbon-nitrogen ratio was 61.33%, pH value was 8.77, alkaline nitrogen was 124.33mg / kg, effective phosphorus content was 64.22mg / kg, and quick-acting potassium content was 124mg / kg; the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were the same for all treatments. The nitrogen fertilizer for the test was urea (N46.0%), the application rate was 14-16kg / mu, 1 / 3 of the nitrogen fertilizer was applied as basal fertilizer, and 2 / 3 was applied twice during the growth period. The phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were superphosphate (P 2 O 5 16%), potassium magnesium sulfate (K 2 O 24%), phosphate fertilizer application rate of 11-13kg / mu, potassium fertilizer application rate of 15-17kg / mu are applied as basal fertilizer.

[0022] 3) Measurement indicators and methods

[0023] (1) Determination of tomato growth indicators

[0024] Three tomato plants with the same growth were selected for each treatment. The plant height was measured from the root to the top of the main stem using a tape measure. The stem diameter 3 cm above the stem base, the length and width of the third leaf from the growth point downward were measured using a vernier caliper (DWKC-2038, Hangzhou Delixi), and the leaf area was calculated.

[0025] (2) Determination of photosynthetic characteristics of tomatoes

[0026] During the tomato fruiting period, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2 of tomato leaves were measured using a portable photosynthetic meter (LI-6400XT, USA) from 9:00 to 10:30 in the morning on sunny days. 2 Concentration, stomatal conductance and other parameters were measured three times for each treatment. Three tomato plants with the same growth were selected for each treatment. The relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) value of the third leaf from the tomato growth point was measured using a handheld chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502Plus, Japan). Each leaf was measured three times and the average was taken.

[0027] (3) Determination of tomato yield and quality

[0028] Cumulative yield measurement was carried out from the time of tomato fruit harvest, and the yield of each treatment and each harvest was recorded, and the total yield was finally calculated; tomatoes from the middle of the plant in each treatment were used to determine the quality indicators of soluble sugar and vitamin C. Soluble sugar was determined by sulfuric acid-anthrone colorimetry; vitamin C content was determined by molybdenum blue colorimetry.

[0029] (4) Statistics and determination methods of tomato root knot numbers and root-knot nematodes

[0030] When the tomato roots are ripe, separate them from the soil, rinse them with clean water, and count the number of root knots with a counter.

[0031] 50 g of fresh soil sample was taken and treated overnight using the improved Behman funnel method to collect the second-instar larvae of root-knot nematodes. The number of root-knot nematodes was observed and counted under a microscope.

[0032] (5) Method for determining the number of nematode eggs in roots

[0033] Gently absorb the water on the roots with absorbent paper, weigh its fresh weight of 1g, then cut it into 5mm small sections with scissors, put it into a beaker, add 1% NaClO solution, put it into a shaker at 150r / min for 5min to separate the root-knot nematode eggs, and count and observe the number of root-knot nematode eggs under a microscope.

[0034] Example 1 Combined effect test

[0035] A field experiment was conducted with four treatments, as follows:

[0036] CK (control): no microbial agent or biochar application;

[0037] T1: single application of microbial agents;

[0038] T2: biochar application alone;

[0039] T3: microbial agent + biochar.

[0040] A completely randomized block design was used, with 3 replicates for each treatment, and the results were averaged. The application method was as follows: before tomato planting, biochar was applied as a base fertilizer once (if no biochar was applied, this process was omitted), with an application amount of 0.5t / mu; after tomato planting, the purpurogenous spore agent was dripped into the water by drip irrigation from the tomato seedling stage, once every 20 days, with an application amount of 200g each time, dripped in 5 times (if no microbial agent was applied, this process was omitted), and the management method during the tomato growth period was conventional management.

[0041] The growth indexes and photosynthetic characteristics of tomatoes were measured at the peak fruiting stage, and the yield, root knot number, and nematode number at the mature stage. See Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4.

[0042] Table 1 Effect of the combination of the two on growth

[0043] deal with Plant height(cm) Stem diameter (mm) <![CDATA[Leaf area (cm 2 )]]> CK 150.5 13.15 13.25 T1 158.4 13.72 14.13 T2 166.3 14.12 14.22 T3 170.1 14.77 14.79

[0044] Table 2 Effect of the combination of the two on photosynthetic characteristics

[0045]

[0046] Table 3 Effect of the combination of the two on yield and quality

[0047] deal with Yield (t / mu) Soluble sugar (%) Vitamin C (mg / kg) CK 3.01 3.35 78.12 T1 3.34 4.06 83.33 T2 3.56 4.30 84.51 T3 4.21 4.97 90.08

[0048] Table 4 Effect of the combination of the two on root-knot nematodes

[0049] deal with Number of root nodes Number of soil nematodes Number of eggs CK 678 798 4239 T1 445 345 2964 T2 504 467 3432 T3 334 281 2067

[0050] The above data show that under the T3 treatment (microbial agent dosage of 1 kg / mu, biochar dosage of 0.5 t / mu), tomato growth was promoted, photosynthetic characteristics and yield quality were improved, and the number of root knots and nematodes was reduced.

[0051] Example 2 Optimization screening test

[0052] Field tests were conducted using a two-factor complete block design. Microbial agents were set at three levels, namely W1 (0.5 kg / mu), W2 (1 kg / mu), and W3 (2 kg / mu). Biochar was set at three levels, namely C1 (0.5 t / mu), C2 (1 t / mu), and C3 (2 t / mu). Each treatment was repeated three times, and the results were averaged. The application method was the same as in Example 1. The growth index and photosynthetic characteristics of tomatoes were measured at the peak fruiting stage, and the yield, root knot number, and nematode number at the mature stage were measured. The results are shown in Tables 5, 6, 7, and 8.

[0053] Table 5 Effect of the combination of the two on growth

[0054] deal with Plant height(cm) Stem diameter (mm) <![CDATA[Leaf area (cm 2 )]]> W1C1 162.6 14.13 14.25 W1C2 163.4 14.26 14.33 W1C3 168.3 14.44 14.56 W2C1 170.1 14.08 14.79 W2C2 173.3 14.35 14.90 W2C3 174.2 14.67 15.11 W3C1 176.4 14.09 15.43 W3C2 183.6 14.92 15.99 W3C3 175.1 14.33 15.23

[0055] Table 6 Effect of the combination of the two on photosynthetic characteristics

[0056]

[0057] Table 7 Effect of the combination of the two on yield and quality

[0058] deal with Yield (t / mu) Soluble sugar (%) Vitamin C (mg / kg) W1C1 3.61 4.45 85.34 W1C2 3.76 4.56 86.90 W1C3 4.11 4.63 87.58 W2C1 4.21 4.97 90.08 W2C2 4.30 5.06 90.45 W2C3 4.41 5.25 91.34 W3C1 4.46 5.47 90.67 W3C2 4.69 6.02 94.35 W3C3 4.54 5.35 90.83

[0059] Table 8 Effect of the combination of the two on root-knot nematodes

[0060] deal with Number of root nodes Number of soil nematodes Number of eggs W1C1 388 287 2239 W1C2 365 279 2112 W1C3 356 266 2132 W2C1 334 281 2067 W2C2 303 203 1974 W2C3 279 186 1876 W3C1 246 167 1634 W3C2 221 144 1543 W3C3 241 159 1645

[0061] The above data show that under the treatment of W3C2 (2kg / mu of microbial agent and 1t / mu of biochar), tomato growth indicators, photosynthetic characteristics and yield quality are optimal. It can effectively reduce the number of tomato root knots and nematodes, and is the best application scheme for tomatoes.

[0062] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0063] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. Application of microbial agents and biochar in the prevention and control of tomato root-knot nematode diseases.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial agent is a Pseudomonas lilacinus agent.

3. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application ratio of microbial agents and biochar per mu is 1:

500.

4. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that: The application rate of Pseudomonas erythrorhizium is 2kg / mu, and the application rate of biochar is 1t / mu.

5. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combination of microbial agents and biochar can improve the photosynthesis of tomatoes, promote the growth of tomatoes, and increase the yield of tomatoes.

6. A fertilizer preparation, characterized in that It includes microbial agents and biochar, and the mass ratio is 1:

500.

7. A method for preventing and controlling tomato root-knot nematode disease and increasing tomato yield, characterized in that: Before planting tomatoes, biochar was applied as base fertilizer at a rate of 1 t / mu. After planting tomatoes, the purpurogenous fungus was dripped into the water by drip irrigation, starting from the seedling stage of tomatoes, once every 20 days, with an application rate of 400 g each time, divided into 5 drips.

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