Comprehensive ecological regulation and control method for composite diseases and insect pests of field crops

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive ecological regulation and control method for compound diseases and insect pests of field crops, relates to the technical field of agricultural disease and insect pest control, and aims to solve the technical problems that various technologies are not effectively matched for use and the control effect is poor in the current control method. Comprising the following steps: investigating the current insect pest occurrence type and occurrence degree of crops, and counting data; according to the method, a beneficial farmland ecological environment is created through ecological regulation and control, for example, special plants are planted to repel and introduce beneficial insects; physical prevention and control means are adopted, for example, trapping with trapping belts can be customized for research and development, sex pheromone trapping and pest mating rhythm are combined, and light trapping selects wavelength according to pest phototaxis; through chemical prevention and treatment, on the basis of selecting low-toxicity pesticides and pesticide application technologies, the pesticide application time and dosage are accurately grasped, and pollution is reduced. According to the invention, a plurality of prevention and control means supplement each other, so that diseases and insect pests can be effectively handled under the condition of conforming to the sustainable agricultural development concept, and the growth of crops is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural pest control, and more specifically to a comprehensive ecological control method for compound pests of field crops. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of global agricultural production, field crops, as an important source of food and cash crops, have attracted extensive attention for their yield and quality. However, pests and diseases have always been one of the severe challenges facing field crop production.

[0003] Traditional pest control methods mainly rely on the large-scale use of chemical pesticides. Although this method can quickly and effectively control the outbreak of pests and diseases and reduce crop losses in the short term, it brings many negative problems in the long run. First, the excessive use of chemical pesticides has led to serious environmental pollution. Pesticide residues in the soil will affect the structure and function of soil microbial communities, reduce soil fertility, and also pollute groundwater and surface water, causing damage to the balance of the ecosystem. Secondly, the large-scale use of chemical pesticides has gradually increased the resistance of pests and pathogens, which requires the continuous increase in the dosage and frequency of pesticide use, forming a vicious circle, which not only increases production costs, but also further aggravates environmental pollution. In addition, the residues of chemical pesticides will also pose a threat to the quality and safety of agricultural products and affect the health of consumers.

[0004] In recent years, with the improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection and food safety, and the popularization of the concept of sustainable agricultural development, seeking a more environmentally friendly, efficient and sustainable pest control method has become an urgent need in the field of field crop production. Ecological control and prevention methods have emerged. They emphasize the use of the ecological balance principle of nature, and by regulating the biological, physical and chemical factors in the farmland ecosystem, create environmental conditions that are not conducive to the occurrence and development of pests and diseases, but are conducive to crop growth and the survival and reproduction of beneficial organisms, thereby achieving effective prevention and control of pests and diseases, ensuring the yield and quality of field crops, and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0005] However, in the existing agricultural pest control methods, a single technology is often used for control work. For the existing ecological regulation, physical control and chemical control technologies, various types of technologies are not effectively used in combination, and the control effect is poor, and pests cannot be effectively dealt with. In view of this, we propose a comprehensive ecological regulation and control method for compound pests and diseases of field crops. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, meet the actual needs, and provide a comprehensive ecological control method for compound pests and diseases of field crops to solve the technical problem that the current control methods do not effectively combine various types of technologies and have poor control effects.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a comprehensive ecological control method for compound pests and diseases of field crops, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1: Investigate the types and extent of current crop pests and provide statistical data;

[0009] S2: Determine prevention and control measures based on the types and extent of pests counted in S1;

[0010] S3: Investigate the types and extent of current crop diseases and provide statistical data;

[0011] S4: According to the types and extent of disease occurrence counted in S3, confirm ecological regulation and prevention and control countermeasures;

[0012] S5: Apply pesticides to crops according to the prevention and control strategies.

[0013] Preferably, the survey of the types and extent of current crop pests and statistical data in step S1 are specifically as follows: a quantitative survey is conducted on the types of pests currently appearing on the crops, the survey objects are 100 plants on the crops, and the number of pests appearing on them is counted and recorded; pest occurrence density = number of pests / total number of insects, and the pest occurrence density is recorded.

[0014] Preferably, the control measures in step S2 include ecological regulation, physical control and chemical control;

[0015] In the ecological regulation, pest control includes biological measures, that is, artificial killing of pests; disease control includes biological measures, that is, artificial removal of diseases.

[0016] Preferably, the confirmation of control measures in step S2 is as follows: when pests and diseases occur on crops at the same time, and the diseases are more serious and the damage caused by pests is less; or when the pests do not develop drug resistance, and the diseases are more serious and the damage caused by pests is less; chemical control measures are used to lure and kill pests.

[0017] Preferably, the confirmation of control measures in step S2 is as follows: when pests and diseases occur on crops at the same time, and the disease is relatively mild and the pest damage is relatively severe, biological control measures are adopted to manually clean the diseases and manually kill the pests; and / or physical control measures are adopted to lure and kill the pests; when diseases and pests occur on crops at the same time and both are severe, biological control measures are adopted to manually clean the diseases and manually kill the pests; and / or some chemical control measures are combined to kill the pests with poison.

[0018] Preferably, the types and extent of occurrence of applied diseases and statistical data in step S3 are specifically as follows: a quantitative survey is conducted on the types of diseases currently occurring on crops, the survey objects are 100 plants on the crops, and the number of bacterial spots or disease spots occurring on them is counted and recorded; the degree of disease occurrence = the number of bacterial spots or disease spots / total number of plants, and the degree of disease occurrence is recorded.

[0019] Preferably, the confirmation of ecological regulation and control measures in step S4 is as follows: when crops are simultaneously affected by insect pests and diseases, biological measures are taken against the diseases in combination with the severity of the diseases in the pest control measures; and / or biological measures are taken against the pests in combination with the density of pest occurrence in the disease control measures.

[0020] Preferably, step S5 includes adopting low-residue drug varieties and application techniques.

[0021] Preferably, in the steps S1-S5, the operation is repeated multiple times during the growth process of field crops, including the crop seedling stage, two-leaf stage, three-leaf stage, five-leaf stage, and 7-10-leaf stage.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The present invention creates a beneficial farmland ecological environment through ecological regulation, such as planting special plants to drive away insects and attract beneficial insects; through physical control means, such as the customizable development of trapping bands, the combination of sex pheromone trapping and pest mating rhythm, and the selection of wavelengths of light trapping according to the phototaxis of pests; through chemical control, on the basis of selecting low-toxic pesticides and application technology, accurately grasp the timing and dosage of application to reduce pollution. The present invention adopts a variety of control means to complement each other, and can effectively deal with pests and diseases and ensure crop growth in accordance with the concept of sustainable agricultural development.

[0024] 2. The present invention can fully collect data from pest surveys and disease surveys, and can intuitively reflect the situation of pests and diseases through data, so as to accurately judge their severity, and rationally select control measures in subsequent steps based on this. The present invention can rationally select ecological regulation, physical trapping or chemical application according to the data, and can ensure that the control measures are in line with reality, minimize the damage of pests and diseases to field crops, and achieve the goal of green control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the steps of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Embodiment 1, as Figure 1As shown, the present invention relates to a comprehensive ecological control method for compound pests and diseases of field crops, comprising the following steps:

[0027] S1: Investigate the types and extent of current crop pests and collect statistical data.

[0028] The step S1 of investigating the types and extent of the current occurrence of crop pests and statistical data is as follows: a quantitative survey is conducted on the types of pests currently appearing on the crops, the survey objects are 100 plants on the crops, and the number of pests appearing on them is counted and recorded; pest occurrence density = number of pests / total number of insects, and the pest occurrence density is recorded.

[0029] For the survey method in step S1, in addition to the above-mentioned counting of the number of insect pests on a specific number of plants on the crop, a stratified sampling method can be used to further improve the accuracy of the survey according to different crop growth stages and planting area characteristics. For example, in a field with a more complex terrain, a certain number of plants can be selected for investigation according to different terrain levels of high, medium and low, so that the occurrence of insect pests in the entire field can be more comprehensively reflected. At the same time, during the investigation, attention should also be paid to recording the parts where the insect pests occur, such as leaves, stems, fruits, etc., so as to formulate more accurate prevention and control measures.

[0030] In the investigation phase, in addition to the established investigation methods, the dimensions of the investigation can be further expanded. For example, the trend of insect pests can be estimated in combination with meteorological data, because the reproduction and activities of certain pests are closely related to meteorological conditions such as temperature and humidity. At the time point of the investigation, in addition to the regular crop growth stage, the pest eggs and pathogen residues in the soil can also be tested after harvest, so as to make prevention and control preparations in advance for the next season's planting.

[0031] From the perspective of ecological regulation, in order to improve the ecological environment of farmland, more diverse plant species can be introduced to build ecological buffer zones. For example, some herbal plants with insect repellent and antibacterial effects, such as rosemary and thyme, can be planted. The special smell they emit can interfere with the olfactory positioning of pests and reduce the damage of pests to crops. At the same time, these plants may also secrete some natural antibacterial substances to inhibit the spread of pathogens in the field. In addition, by constructing small farmland wetlands or irrigation ditch ecosystems, amphibians and aquatic insects can be attracted, the biodiversity of farmland ecosystems can be increased, and a more stable ecological balance can be formed, thereby suppressing large-scale outbreaks of pests and diseases.

[0032] S2: Determine prevention and control measures based on the types and extent of pest occurrence counted in S1.

[0033] The control measures in step S2 include ecological regulation, physical control and chemical control; in the ecological regulation, pest control includes biological measures, i.e., artificial killing of pests; and disease control includes biological measures, i.e., artificial cleaning of diseases.

[0034] In terms of ecological regulation, in addition to the biological measures mentioned above, such as artificial killing of pests and artificial cleaning of diseases, the resistance of crops can also be enhanced by improving the ecological environment of farmland. For example, the vegetation layout around the farmland can be reasonably planned, and some plants that have a repellent effect on pests or attract beneficial organisms can be planted, such as mint and lavender, which can repel some pests, while rapeseed and astragalus can attract beneficial insects such as bees, thus forming an ecosystem that is conducive to crop growth but not conducive to the breeding of pests.

[0035] The confirmation of control measures in step S2 is specifically as follows: when pests and diseases occur on crops at the same time, and the disease is more serious and the pest damage is less; or when the pests do not show drug resistance, and the disease is more serious and the pest damage is less; adopt chemical control measures to lure and kill pests; when adopting chemical control, choose low-toxic pesticides, that is, use Group B pesticides, neonicotinoid pesticides, nitrothiazole pesticides (or pyrimidine pesticides), etc.

[0036] Or use pesticide mixing with seeds, seed treatment, soil application, drip irrigation, foliar spraying, spray boom application and other application techniques.

[0037] In chemical control measures, in addition to selecting low-toxic pesticides and specific application techniques, attention should also be paid to the precise control of the timing and dosage of application. For example, according to the life history and feeding patterns of pests, pesticides can be applied at the early hatching of larvae or the peak period of adult emergence, when pests have relatively weak resistance to pesticides and the control effect is better. At the same time, with the help of advanced pesticide spraying equipment and precision agriculture technology, precise spraying of pesticide dosages can be achieved to avoid waste and excessive use of pesticides and reduce pollution to the environment.

[0038] In terms of the safety and precise management of chemical pesticide use, in addition to the application of precision pesticide application technology, real-time monitoring of pesticide residues should be strengthened. Sensor technology and drone low-altitude remote sensing technology can be used to quickly scan and analyze the distribution of pesticide residues in farmland to ensure that the quality and safety of agricultural products meet standards. At the same time, a traceability system for pesticide use should be established to record in detail the time, dosage, variety, and operator of each application, so that when agricultural product quality problems occur, the source can be quickly traced and corresponding solutions can be taken.

[0039] The confirmation of control measures in step S2 is as follows: when pests and diseases occur on crops at the same time, and the disease is mild and the pest damage is severe, biological control measures are used to manually clean the diseases and manually kill the pests; and / or physical control measures are used to lure and kill the pests; when diseases and pests occur on crops at the same time and both are severe, biological control measures are used to manually clean the diseases and manually kill the pests; and / or some chemical control measures are combined to poison the pests; the physical control measures include: trapping with trapping tape, trapping with sex pheromones, and trapping with lights;

[0040] Trapping and killing with traps means using traps in the form of strips, strips or sheets to attract and kill pests;

[0041] Sex pheromone traps are used to lure insects, that is, sex pheromones are placed in the field to lure male insects;

[0042] Light trapping means using light traps to lure insects.

[0043] Or take biological measures against pests, using birds, trichogrammatid wasps, green muscardine, etc. to kill pests.

[0044] Regarding physical control measures, trapping with traps can not only choose common strip-shaped sex traps, but also develop traps with specific colors, shapes and smells according to the habits of different pests. For example, for some pests that are sensitive to the color yellow, yellow traps can be made and special attractants can be added to improve the trapping efficiency. In addition to trapping male insects to affect the reproduction of pests, sex pheromone traps can also be combined with the mating rhythm of pests to place traps in time before their mating peak to achieve better control effects. In terms of light trapping, different wavelengths of light can be selected according to the phototaxis of different pests. For example, for some pests that are active at night and sensitive to blue light, the use of blue light traps may achieve more significant results.

[0045] In the technical research and development of physical control, for trapping with trapping tapes, we should not only pay attention to factors such as color, shape and smell, but also consider using the electrotaxis of pests to develop electrostatic trapping tapes to enhance the adsorption capacity of pests. For sex pheromone traps, gene editing technology can be used to cultivate natural enemies of pests that are more sensitive to sex pheromones. While trapping pests, these natural enemy insects can be released to achieve a double blow to pests. In terms of light trapping, combined with an intelligent control system, the brightness and flashing frequency of the light can be automatically adjusted according to the activity patterns of pests at different times, thereby improving trapping efficiency and reducing energy consumption.

[0046] S3: Investigate the types and extent of current crop diseases and collect statistical data.

[0047] The types and extent of the diseases applied in step S3, and the statistical data, are specifically as follows: a quantitative survey is conducted on the types of diseases currently occurring on the crops, the survey objects are 100 plants on the crops, and the number of bacterial spots or disease spots occurring on them is counted and recorded; the extent of disease occurrence = the number of bacterial spots or disease spots / total number of plants, and the extent of disease occurrence is recorded.

[0048] S4: Based on the types and extent of disease occurrence counted in S3, confirm ecological regulation and prevention and control measures.

[0049] The confirmation of ecological regulation and control measures in step S4 is specifically as follows: when crops are simultaneously affected by insect pests and diseases, biological measures are taken against the diseases in combination with the severity of the diseases in the pest control measures; and / or biological measures are taken against the pests in combination with the density of pest occurrence in the disease control measures.

[0050] S5: Apply pesticides to crops according to the prevention and control strategies.

[0051] The pests on the above-mentioned crops include corn borer, corn flea beetle, potato beetle, cabbage worm, cotton bollworm, rice leaf roller, rice planthopper, rice thrips, leaf miner, armyworm, aphid, wheat red spider, white grub, yellow melon, cutworm, corn aphid, yellow-winged swallowtail, diamondback moth, flower-breasted borer, cotton bollworm, Spodoptera litura, corn aphid, bean borer, cabbage worm, corn borer, gray-striped cabbage worm, wolfberry thrips, diamondback moth, beet armyworm, diamondback moth, cabbage worm, potato beetle, cabbage silverspotted armyworm, Spodoptera litura, beet leaf miner, and corn leaf miner.

[0052] Regarding the types of pests and diseases on crops, in addition to the numerous pests and diseases already listed, with climate change and adjustments in agricultural planting structures, some new types of pests and diseases may appear or the originally less harmful pests and diseases may gradually become more serious. For example, in recent years, due to climate warming, some pests and diseases that originally occurred in the southern region have a tendency to spread northwards in some areas. For example, rice planthoppers on southern rice also occur from time to time in some northern rice-growing areas, and the degree of damage is gradually increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously strengthen the monitoring and early warning of pests and diseases, and update the pest and disease database in a timely manner, so as to be able to quickly and accurately identify and respond to emerging pest and disease threats.

[0053] The diseases on the above-mentioned crops include rust, head blight, stripe rust, powdery mildew on wheat, or head smut, leaf spot, curvature, red leaf disease, sheath blight, oxalic acid amine, ring spot, stem base rot, stem rot, tumor smut, and blossom end rot on corn; or rice blast, white leaf blight, bacterial stripe, false smut, sheath blight on rice, and sheath blight on wheat.

[0054] In the process of implementing the integrated ecological control method, we should also strengthen information sharing and cooperation with surrounding farmers. Because the spread of pests and diseases is often not limited by the boundaries of fields, by establishing a joint prevention and control mechanism for pests and diseases among farmers and taking unified prevention and control measures, we can more effectively control the spread of pests and diseases and improve the prevention and control effect of the entire region.

[0055] The embodiments of the present invention disclose preferred embodiments, but are not limited thereto. A person skilled in the art can easily understand the spirit of the present invention based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and changes. However, as long as they do not deviate from the spirit of the present invention, they are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive ecological control method for compound pests and diseases of field crops, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Investigate the types and extent of current crop pests and provide statistical data; S2: Determine prevention and control measures based on the types and extent of pests counted in S1; S3: Investigate the types and extent of current crop diseases and provide statistical data; S4: According to the types and extent of disease occurrence counted in S3, confirm ecological regulation and prevention and control countermeasures; S5: Apply pesticides to crops according to the prevention and control strategies.

2. The method for comprehensive ecological control of compound pests and diseases of field crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 of investigating the types and extent of the current occurrence of crop pests and statistical data is as follows: a quantitative survey is conducted on the types of pests currently appearing on the crops, the survey objects are 100 plants on the crops, and the number of pests appearing on them is counted and recorded; pest occurrence density = number of pests / total number of insects, and the pest occurrence density is recorded.

3. The method for comprehensive ecological control of compound pests of field crops according to claim 2, wherein the control measures in step S2 include ecological control, physical control and chemical control; In the ecological regulation, pest control includes biological measures, that is, artificial killing of pests; disease control includes biological measures, that is, artificial removal of diseases.

4. The method for comprehensive ecological control of compound pests and diseases of field crops according to claim 3, characterized in that: The confirmation of control measures in step S2 is specifically as follows: when pests and diseases occur on crops at the same time, and the disease is more serious and the pest damage is less; or when the pests do not show drug resistance, and the disease is more serious and the pest damage is less; chemical control measures are used to lure and kill pests.

5. The method for comprehensive ecological control of compound pests and diseases of field crops according to claim 4, characterized in that: The confirmation of control measures in step S2 is specifically as follows: when pests and diseases occur on crops at the same time, and the disease is relatively mild and the pest damage is relatively severe, biological control measures are adopted to manually clean the diseases and manually kill the pests; and / or physical control measures are adopted to lure and kill the pests; when diseases and pests occur on crops at the same time and both are severe, biological control measures are adopted to manually clean the diseases and manually kill the pests; and / or some chemical control measures are combined to kill the pests with poison.

6. The method for comprehensive ecological control of compound pests and diseases of field crops according to claim 5, characterized in that: The types and extent of the diseases applied in step S3, and the statistical data, are specifically as follows: a quantitative survey is conducted on the types of diseases currently occurring on the crops, the survey objects are 100 plants on the crops, and the number of bacterial spots or disease spots occurring on them is counted and recorded; the extent of disease occurrence = the number of bacterial spots or disease spots / total number of plants, and the extent of disease occurrence is recorded.

7. The method for comprehensive ecological control of compound pests and diseases of field crops according to claim 6, characterized in that: The confirmation of ecological regulation and control measures in step S4 is specifically as follows: when crops are simultaneously affected by insect pests and diseases, biological measures are taken against the diseases in combination with the severity of the diseases in the pest control measures; and / or biological measures are taken against the pests in combination with the density of pest occurrence in the disease control measures.

8. The method for comprehensive ecological control of compound pests and diseases of field crops according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step S5 includes adopting low-residue drug varieties and application techniques.

9. The method for comprehensive ecological control of compound pests and diseases of field crops according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the steps S1-S5, the operation is repeated multiple times during the growth of field crops, including the crop seedling stage, two-leaf stage, three-leaf stage, five-leaf stage, and 7-10-leaf stage.

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