Sugarcane triangular fertilization method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop fertilization, and particularly relates to a triangular fertilization method for sugar cane. Sugarcane is subjected to triangular fertilization, the sugarcane is divided into newly-planted sugarcane and perennial root sugarcane, triangular fertilization is carried out on the newly-planted sugarcane, top corner sugarcane ditch fertilization is carried out when the newly-planted sugarcane is planted, the fertilization depth is 5-10 cm, bottom corner fertilization is carried out along the middle position of a sugarcane row in the tillering stage of the sugarcane, and the fertilization depth is 30-35 cm; triangular fertilization is carried out on the perennial root sugarcanes, one-time triangular fertilization is carried out within 7 days after the sugarcanes are harvested or at the tillering stage of the perennial root sugarcanes, the fertilization depth of the 1 / 2 position of each sugarcane row is 30-35 cm, and the fertilization depth of the 1 / 4 position and the 3 / 4 position of each sugarcane row is 15-20 cm. The precise soil layer fertilization method provided by the invention has the advantages that the fertilization of sugar cane is more efficient and more environment-friendly, and farmers are helped to increase income.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a triangular fertilization method for sugar cane, and belongs to the technical field of crop fertilization. Background Art

[0002] Sugarcane is the most important sugar crop in my country and the main source of sugar. About 88% of my country's sugar comes from sugarcane sugar. Sugarcane plays a vital role in ensuring the security of the country's sugar supply. In the 2023 / 2024 crushing season, my country's sugar self-sufficiency rate is about 65%, and there is still a large gap that needs to be solved by imports.

[0003] The main problems of sugar cane production in my country are that the planting area of ​​sugar cane is declining year by year, the labor and agricultural material costs of sugar cane production are rising year by year, the mechanization rate, especially the mechanization rate of harvesting, is low, the planting area is gradually shifting to arid and barren hilly and mountainous areas, soil acidification is aggravated, and fertilizer utilization is low. The main reasons for these problems are the low benefits of planting sugar cane and the fact that sugar cane is mainly planted in arid and barren hilly and mountainous areas, which makes it even more difficult to achieve high yield and high sugar. Precisely because the soil for planting sugar cane is arid and barren, efficient fertilization is extremely important to support high yield and high sugar of sugar cane. Through investigation, it was found that there is a widespread phenomenon of excessive or blind fertilization in sugarcane areas, excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer, insufficient input of potassium fertilizer, and partial application of chemical fertilizers, without paying attention to the input of organic fertilizers. This unreasonable fertilization method leads to soil acidification, soil compaction and low fertilizer utilization in sugarcane areas, and also brings challenges to the environment in sugarcane areas. However, reasonable fertilization methods can overcome the above problems to the greatest extent.

[0004] Since fertilization plays an important role in achieving high yield and high sugar content in sugarcane, more and more attention has been paid to the reduction of chemical fertilizers for sugarcane and the application of scientific fertilization technology. The current fertilization methods are to improve the utilization rate of fertilizers by adjusting the proportion of fertilizer components or the time of fertilization, but there are still problems such as difficulty in meeting the urgent demand for nutrients from deep soil roots, especially new roots, and increasing labor costs.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new and efficient fertilization method for sugar cane, which can satisfy the nutrient absorption and growth laws of sugar cane, realize the efficient nutrient absorption of new sugar cane roots and guide the new roots to grow toward the fertilization location, especially toward the deep soil. It can also promote more efficient and environmentally friendly fertilization of sugar cane, promote high yield of sugar cane and help farmers increase their income. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims at the problems of extensive fertilization and inaccurate fertilization position leading to low fertilizer utilization rate in the above-mentioned existing sugar cane fertilization technology, and provides a sugar cane triangular fertilization method for achieving accurate and effective fertilization management for sugar cane. The present invention combines the requirements of green transformation and high-quality development of the sugarcane industry, and in the process of sugarcane fertilization, combines the spatial distribution of the root system of newly planted sugarcane and perennial sugarcane, changes the traditional fertilization technology mode, implements sugarcane triangular fertilization management, improves sugarcane fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduces fertilization losses, realizes mechanized, precise, spatial, simplified, and green management of sugarcane, improves farmers' fertilization efficiency and reduces fertilizer costs.

[0007] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention achieves its objectives through the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present application provides a triangular fertilization method for sugar cane, wherein the sugar cane includes newly planted sugar cane or ratoon sugar cane.

[0009] Furthermore, when the sugar cane is newly planted sugar cane, the triangular fertilization method comprises the following steps:

[0010] (1) When planting sugar cane, the first fertilization is carried out along the direction of planting sugar cane seedlings, and the depth of the first fertilization is 5-10 cm;

[0011] (2) At the end of the tillering stage of sugarcane, combine inter-row cultivation and soil cultivation, and apply fertilizer for the second time along the middle of the sugarcane row. The depth of the second fertilizer application is 30-35cm.

[0012] Furthermore, when the sugar cane is perennial sugar cane, the triangular fertilization method comprises the following steps:

[0013] Within 7 days after the sugar cane is harvested or during the tillering period of perennial sugar cane, a one-time triangular fertilization is carried out in the spacing between two rows of sugar cane. The triangular fertilization includes a first fertilization point, a second fertilization point and a third fertilization point. The horizontal position of the first fertilization point is set in the middle of the spacing X, and the depth is 30-35 cm; the second fertilization point and the third fertilization point are symmetrically set on both sides of the first fertilization point, and the interval between the second fertilization point and the third fertilization point is 1 / 2X, and the depth is 15-20 cm.

[0014] Furthermore, the varieties of the newly planted sugarcane seedlings are one or more of Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, Guiliu 05-136, and Yuetang 93-159.

[0015] Furthermore, fertilization at the top corners of newly planted sugarcane is mechanized fertilization, which is carried out in two or three furrows and is completed at the same time as the planting of sugarcane seedlings. The amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 10%-20% of the amount of fertilizer applied during the entire growth period of sugarcane.

[0016] Furthermore, the bottom-angle fertilization of newly planted sugarcane is carried out at positions on both sides of the sugarcane row, forming a triangular fertilization with the top-angle fertilization position in the sugarcane furrow, and the amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 80%-90% of the amount of fertilizer applied during the entire growth period of the sugarcane.

[0017] Furthermore, triangular fertilization is carried out in each row of ratoon sugarcane, wherein the amount of fertilizer applied at the first fertilization point accounts for 50% of the amount of fertilizer applied during the entire growth period of the sugarcane, and the amounts of fertilizer applied at the second and third fertilization points each account for 25% of the amount of fertilizer applied during the entire growth period.

[0018] Furthermore, the fertilizer used for fertilizing sugarcane is a sugarcane soil-tested formula fertilizer, including sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and sugarcane compound fertilizer new green fertilizer; the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of the sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is 17:7:9; the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of the sugarcane compound fertilizer is 21:11:12.

[0019] Beneficial Effects

[0020] (1) Accurate fertilization of sugarcane was achieved, significantly improving the utilization rate of sugarcane fertilizer

[0021] The present invention innovates the fertilization method of newly planted sugarcane and perennial sugarcane, provides the specific location and amount of fertilization, matches the absorption law of sugarcane for nutrients and the law of root growth and development, improves the fertilizer utilization rate, and improves the fertilizer agronomic utilization rate of sugarcane fertilizer by 7.17-16.60kg / kg, and the partial productivity by 21.72-43.19kg / kg, thereby promoting the reduction of sugarcane fertilizer and tapping the potential of sugarcane yield and sucrose content. At the same time, the present invention can meet the fertilizer requirements of sugarcane in different growth periods by fertilizing twice and once according to different sugarcane area types, and can meet the nutrient requirements of sugarcane to the maximum extent by using a suitable fertilization method at a suitable location and time, thereby achieving efficient use of fertilizers.

[0022] (2) Increased sugarcane yield and sugar content, and increased farmers’ income and sugar companies’ profits

[0023] Compared with the traditional strip fertilization of newly planted sugarcane seedlings, the present invention can also increase the yield per mu and sucrose content of newly planted sugarcane, respectively increasing the yield per mu by more than 0.86 tons / mu and the sucrose content by more than 0.41 percentage points (absolute value, the same below); compared with the traditional topsoil fertilization of perennial sugarcane with thin soil or no soil covering, the present invention can also increase the yield per mu and sucrose content of perennial sugarcane, respectively increasing the yield per mu by more than 1.16 tons / mu and the sucrose content by more than 0.81 percentage points, thereby increasing the income of farmers from planting sugarcane and the sugar production of sugar-making enterprises. At the same time, the present invention also extends the cultivation period of perennial sugarcane by 1-2 years, thereby reducing the cost of planting sugarcane per unit area for farmers.

[0024] (3) Promotes the growth of sugarcane roots into the deep soil layer and improves the sugarcane's ability to resist lodging

[0025] The present invention promotes the root system of sugar cane to grow into the deep soil layer and grow into the deep soil layer in the middle area of ​​two rows of sugar cane through precise triangular fertilization, forming a huge root group, reshaping the spatial distribution of the sugar cane root system, effectively supporting the growth of the aboveground part and improving the lodging resistance. Through a large number of field test investigations and studies, it was found that the root system of sugar cane in the seedling stage is mainly distributed in the 0-20cm soil layer, which concentrates more sugar cane root tips, which is conducive to the absorption and utilization of fertilizers; in the tillering stage, the root system of sugar cane is mainly distributed in the 0-30cm soil layer, and the root tips of the 0-10cm and 20-30cm soil layers are more concentrated, especially the 20-30cm soil layer is more prominent, which is the best position for fertilization. The experimental demonstration shows that the lodging resistance of sugar cane is significantly enhanced by adopting the triangular fertilization method.

[0026] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent through a more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first fertilization position of newly planted sugarcane of the present invention;

[0029] In the figure, 1 is the sugarcane seedling; 2 is the newly planted sugarcane ridge; 3 is the soil testing and fertilizer formulating for sugarcane; 4 is the soil profile; 5 is the soil layer position for applying fertilizer at the top corner of the newly planted sugarcane; and 6 is the sugarcane furrow.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second fertilization position of newly planted sugarcane according to the present invention;

[0031] In the figure, 1 is the sugarcane seedling; 2 is the newly planted sugarcane ridge; 3 is the soil testing and fertilizer formula for sugarcane; 4 is the soil profile; 5 is the soil layer position for applying fertilizer at the top corner of the newly planted sugarcane; 6 is the sugarcane furrow; 7 is the new root system of sugarcane; 8 is the main stem of sugarcane; 9 is the tillering stem of sugarcane; 10 is the soil layer position for applying fertilizer at the bottom corner of the newly planted sugarcane; and 11 is the triangle fertilization position of sugarcane.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilization position within 7 days of harvesting perennial sugarcane of the present invention;

[0033] In the figure, 1 is the sugarcane seedling; 2 is the new sugarcane ridge formed after tillage and soiling of perennial sugarcane; 3 is the soil test and fertilizer formula for sugarcane; 4 is the soil profile; 6 is the sugarcane furrow; 7 is the new root system of sugarcane; 11 is the triangular fertilization position of sugarcane; 12 is the old root system of sugarcane; 13 is the sugarcane stump; 14 is the fertilization position at 1 / 4 of the sugarcane row; 15 is the soil fertilization position at 1 / 2 of the sugarcane row; 16 is the soil fertilization position at 3 / 4 of the sugarcane row.

[0034] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the fertilization position during the tillering period of perennial root sugarcane of the present invention;

[0035] In the figure, 2 is the new sugarcane ridge formed after tillage and soiling of perennial sugarcane; 3 is the soil testing and fertilizer formula for sugarcane; 4 is the soil profile; 6 is the sugarcane furrow; 7 is the new root system of sugarcane; 8 is the main stem of sugarcane; 9 is the tiller stem of sugarcane; 11 is the triangular fertilization position of sugarcane; 12 is the old root system of sugarcane; 13 is the sugarcane stump; 14 is the fertilization position at 1 / 4 of the sugarcane row; 15 is the soil layer fertilization position at 1 / 2 of the sugarcane row; 16 is the soil layer fertilization position at 3 / 4 of the sugarcane row. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0037] The present invention is further described by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the scope thereof.

[0038] Fertilization needs to meet the absorption law of sugarcane target yield and the growth and development law of sugarcane, and also meet the characteristics of efficient absorption of nutrients by new sugarcane roots and the water and fertilizer orientation of the roots. Since the fertilization position of the above existing technologies cannot coordinate well with the absorption law of nutrients by sugar cane, the fertilizer input is large and the potential of fertilizer utilization is not fully utilized. There is still a lot of room for improvement in sugarcane yield and sugar potential.

[0039] The reasonable fertilization method for sugarcane is to apply fertilizer based on the soil texture, pH, fertility, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content ratio of the sugarcane area, sugarcane fertilizer utilization rate, target yield, nutrient demand in each growth period, nutrient accumulation status, and combined with the condition of arable land soil. That is, through laboratory analysis of soil nutrient status and the mineral nutrients contained in the tissues and organs of sugarcane at different periods, the type and amount of fertilizer required to harvest the target yield can be calculated.

[0040] The new fertilization method provided in the present application not only improves the utilization rate of fertilizers and reduces fertilizer losses, but also fully taps the yield and sucrose content potential of sugarcane, and promotes the coordinated improvement of sugarcane yield, sucrose content and arable land quality.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] The present invention provides a triangular fertilization method for sugar cane, taking the triangular fertilization of newly planted sugar cane as an example, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0043] (1) In early March 2023, a fertilization experiment for newly planted sugarcane was conducted in the sugarcane field of Nongba Village, Gengma Town, Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province. Deep plowing and fine harrowing were carried out on the test plots, and sugarcane seedlings were prepared. The seedlings of the new high-yield, high-sugar and high-efficiency variety Yunzhe 081609 were selected;

[0044] (2) In mid-March 2023, when sugar cane is planted, the row spacing of sugar cane is 1.2 m, and the first mechanized fertilization is carried out along the bottom of the sugar cane ditch and the planting direction of the sugar cane seedlings Yunzhe 081609 using a sugar cane planting machine. The fertilizer is a sugar cane organic and inorganic compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of 17:7:9), the fertilizer amount is 24 kg / mu, and the fertilizer depth is 8 cm;

[0045] (3) In early June 2023, at the end of the tillering stage of sugarcane, combined with inter-row cultivation and soil cultivation, a second mechanized fertilization was carried out along the middle of the sugarcane row using a sugarcane fertilizer applicator. The fertilizer was a sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of 17:7:9), with an application rate of 96 kg / mu and a fertilization depth of 35 cm;

[0046] (4) In late August 2023, drones will be used to spray sugarcane in the experimental field to strengthen the control of fall armyworm and stem borer;

[0047] (5) In early January 2024, sugarcane in the experimental field will be harvested manually.

[0048] Comparative Example 1

[0049] 1. Experimental methods

[0050] According to a triangular fertilization method for sugar cane provided in Example 1, taking the triangular fertilization of newly planted sugar cane as an example, after the implementation of steps (1) and (2) of Example 1, at the end of the tillering of the sugar cane, a second manual fertilization is carried out on the surface soil of the sugar cane furrow. The fertilizer is a sugar cane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of 17:7:9), and the fertilizer amount is 96 kg / mu. After fertilization, inter-cultivation and soil cultivation are carried out in time, and then steps (4) and (5) of Example 1 are implemented.

[0051] 2. Experimental results

[0052] As shown in Table 1, compared with Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the change in the sugarcane fertilization method has a significant effect on the yield, sucrose content and fertilizer utilization rate of sugar cane. By changing the fertilization position, the fertilizer agronomic utilization rate and partial productivity of sugarcane are significantly improved, thereby promoting the synergistic improvement of sugarcane yield and sucrose content. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the sugarcane yield and sucrose content of Example 1 increased by 0.86 t / mu and 0.41 percentage points respectively. Since the absorption law of sugarcane for nutrients is "less at both ends and more in the middle", that is, less in the seedling stage and maturity stage, and more in the tillering stage and elongation stage, fertilization should be combined with the nutrient absorption law of sugarcane, and most of the fertilizer should be provided in the tillering stage and elongation stage of sugarcane, that is, fertilization should be applied at the appropriate time (tillering stage); at the same time, combined with the growth and development law of sugarcane root system during the tillering stage of Yunzhe 081609, its root system is mainly distributed in the 0-40cm soil layer during the tillering stage, and fertilization should be combined with the distribution characteristics of the root system to apply it in the deep soil, that is, fertilization at the appropriate position can achieve the effect of efficient nutrient utilization. If fertilizer is applied to the surface soil position of the sugarcane ditch during the tillering stage, although the fertilization time is correct, it cannot achieve the effect of deep root fertilization, and the potential of sugarcane yield and sucrose content is not fully tapped.

[0053] Comparative Example 2

[0054] 1. Experimental methods

[0055] According to a triangular fertilization method for sugar cane provided in Example 1, taking the triangular fertilization of newly planted sugar cane as an example, after the implementation of step (1) of Example 1, when the sugar cane is planted, a sugar cane planter is used to apply fertilizer along the bottom of the sugar cane furrow and the planting direction of the sugar cane seedlings. The fertilizer is an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for sugar cane (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content is 17:7:9), the fertilizer amount is 120 kg / mu, and the fertilizer depth is 8 cm; at the end of the tillering stage of the sugar cane, no topdressing and inter-cultivation are performed, and then the steps (4) and (5) of Example 1 are implemented.

[0056] 2. Experimental results

[0057] As shown in Table 1, compared with Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, the change in the sugarcane fertilization method has a significant effect on the yield, sucrose content and fertilizer utilization rate of sugar cane. By changing the fertilization position, the fertilizer agronomic utilization rate and partial productivity of sugarcane are significantly improved, thereby promoting the synergistic improvement of sugarcane yield and sucrose content. Compared with Comparative Example 2, the sugarcane yield and sucrose content of Example 1 increased by 1.71t / mu and 0.61 percentage points respectively. The one-time fertilization adopted in Comparative Example 2 applies all the fertilizers of the entire growth period of sugarcane as base fertilizer in the sugarcane ditch, which does not better meet the absorption law of sugarcane for nutrients and the growth and development law of sugarcane root system. The fertilization time and position are not the most suitable, so the fertilization effect is significantly lower than that of Example 1, resulting in relatively low sugarcane yield and sucrose content.

[0058] Table 1 Effects of different fertilization on newly planted sugarcane yield, sucrose content, fertilizer agronomic utilization rate, and productivity

[0059]

[0060] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column of data in the table indicate significant differences among different fertilizations at the 5% level, the same as in the following tables; the sugarcane yield in the blank area (unfertilized area) is 5.94t / mu.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] The present invention provides a triangular fertilization method for sugar cane, taking triangular fertilization of perennial sugar cane as an example, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0063] (1) In early March 2023, a perennial sugarcane fertilization experiment was conducted in the sugarcane area of ​​Nongba Village, Gengma Town, Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province. The first-season perennial sugarcane variety Yunzhe 081609 with uniform seedlings and no obvious missing ponds or broken ridges was selected as the experimental plot, and the row spacing of perennial sugarcane was 1.2 m;

[0064] (2) In late April 2023, during the tillering period of perennial sugarcane, combined with inter-tillage and soil cultivation, a one-time triangular fertilization was carried out in the distance between two rows of sugarcane. The fertilizer was sugarcane compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content was 21:11:12). The triangular fertilization included a first fertilization point, a second fertilization point and a third fertilization point, that is, the horizontal position of the first fertilization point was located in the middle of the sugarcane row (0.6 m away from the sugarcane row), the fertilization depth was 32 cm, and the fertilizer amount was 50 kg / mu; the horizontal positions of the second and third fertilization points were located on both sides of the first fertilization point (0.3 m away from the first fertilization point respectively), the fertilization depth was 16 cm, and the fertilizer amount of the two fertilization points was 25 kg / mu;

[0065] (3) In late August 2023, drones will be used to spray sugarcane in the experimental field to strengthen the prevention and control of sugarcane leaf diseases, fall armyworms, and stem borers;

[0066] (4) In late February 2024, the sugarcane in the experimental field will be harvested manually.

[0067] Comparative Example 3

[0068] 1. Experimental methods

[0069] According to a triangular fertilization method for sugar cane provided in Example 1, taking the triangular fertilization of perennial sugar cane as an example, after the implementation of step (1) of Example 1, during the tillering period of the sugar cane, a one-time fertilization is carried out along the sugar cane plants by artificial spreading. The fertilizer is a sugar cane compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content is 21:11:12), and the fertilizer amount is 100 kg / mu. After fertilization, soil is manually cultivated with a thickness of about 3-5 cm, and the fertilizer is covered. Then, steps (3) and (4) of Example 1 are implemented.

[0070] 2. Experimental results

[0071] As can be seen from Table 2, compared with Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, there is no significant difference in the amount of perennial sugarcane seedlings before different fertilizations, and the basic amount of seedlings in each fertilization method is basically the same; but the change of sugarcane fertilization method in the tillering stage has a significant effect on the yield, sucrose content and fertilizer utilization rate of sugar cane. By changing the fertilization position, the fertilizer utilization rate of sugarcane is significantly improved, thereby tapping the potential of sugarcane yield and sucrose content. Compared with Comparative Example 3, the sugarcane yield and sucrose content of Example 2 increased by 1.66t / mu and 0.94 percentage points respectively. The nutrient absorption of perennial sugarcane in the seedling stage can be obtained from the sugarcane stump and the soil through the old root system, and the demand for nutrients in the tillering stage is mainly met by fertilization. Comparative Example 3 adopts the method of manual spreading to apply fertilizer on the topsoil at the base of the sugarcane plants, which mainly meets the nutrient demand of the shallow roots, does not better meet the growth and development law of the sugarcane roots, and the fertilization position is not the most suitable, so the fertilization effect is poor, resulting in sugarcane yield and sucrose content significantly lower than Example 2.

[0072] Comparative Example 4

[0073] 1. Experimental methods

[0074] According to a triangular fertilization method for sugar cane provided in Example 1, taking the triangular fertilization of newly planted sugar cane as an example, after the implementation of step (1) of Example 1, during the tillering period of perennial sugar cane, a one-time fertilization is carried out along the sugar cane plants by artificial spreading. The fertilizer is a sugar cane compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content is 21:11:12), the fertilizer amount is 100 kg / mu, and soil is piled up by a sugar cane soiling machine with a soil thickness of about 8-10 cm. The fertilizer is covered, and then steps (3) and (4) of Example 1 are implemented.

[0075] 2. Experimental results

[0076] As can be seen from Table 2, compared with Example 2 and Comparative Example 4, there is no significant difference in the amount of perennial root sugarcane seedlings before different fertilization, and the basic amount of seedlings of each fertilization method is basically the same; but the change of sugarcane fertilization method in the tillering stage has a significant effect on the yield, sucrose content and fertilizer utilization rate of sugar cane. By changing the fertilization position, the fertilizer utilization rate of sugarcane is significantly improved, thereby tapping the potential of sugarcane yield and sucrose content. Compared with Comparative Example 4, the sugarcane yield and sucrose content of Example 2 increased by 1.22t / mu and 1.28 percentage points respectively. The fertilization method of Comparative Example 4 is not much different from that of Comparative Example 3, except that the thickness of the covering soil is slightly increased. Its essence is to apply fertilizer to the topsoil at the base of the sugarcane plant, which does not better meet the growth and development law of the sugarcane root system. The fertilization position is not the most suitable, resulting in the sugarcane yield and sucrose content being significantly lower than that of Example 2.

[0077] Table 2 Effects of different fertilization on ratoon sugarcane yield, sucrose content, fertilizer agronomic utilization rate, and productivity

[0078]

[0079] Note: The sugarcane yield in the blank area is 6.92t / mu.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] The present invention provides a triangular fertilization method for sugar cane, taking triangular fertilization of perennial sugar cane as an example, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0082] (1) In mid-February 2023, a perennial sugarcane fertilization trial was conducted in the sugarcane field of Tuanjie Village, Yongping Town, Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County, Pu'er City, Yunnan Province. The third-season perennial sugarcane Yunzhe 0551, which had uniform growth of sugarcane in the previous season and no obvious missing ponds or broken ridges, was selected as the trial demonstration plot, and the row spacing of perennial sugarcane was 1.0 m;

[0083] (2) In mid-February 2023, a sugarcane field cleaning and fertilization test demonstration was carried out on the third day after the perennial sugarcane was harvested. A one-time triangular fertilization was carried out in the distance between two rows of sugarcane. The fertilizer was a sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of 17:7:9). The triangular fertilization included a first fertilization point, a second fertilization point and a third fertilization point, that is, the horizontal position of the first fertilization point was located in the middle of the sugarcane row (0.5 m away from the sugarcane row), the fertilization depth was 33 cm, and the fertilization amount was 60 kg / mu; the horizontal positions of the second and third fertilization points were located on both sides of the first fertilization point (0.25 m away from the first fertilization point respectively), the fertilization depth was 17 cm, and the fertilization amount of the two fertilization points was 30 kg / mu;

[0084] (3) After the third season of perennial sugarcane Yunzhe 0551 fertilizer application, the experimental demonstration plots were promptly covered with mulch film. The mulch film was polyethylene weed control mulch film with the following specifications: 1.5m in width and 0.010mm in thickness;

[0085] (4) In early September 2023, drones will be used to spray sugarcane in the experimental fertilization area to strengthen the prevention and control of sugarcane leaf diseases, fall armyworms, and stem borers;

[0086] (5) In early January 2024, sugarcane in the experimental fertilization plots will be harvested manually.

[0087] Comparative Example 5

[0088] 1. Demonstration method

[0089] According to a triangular fertilization method for sugar cane provided in Example 1, taking the triangular fertilization of perennial sugar cane as an example, after the implementation of step (1) of Example 1, on the third day after the perennial sugar cane is harvested, a one-time fertilization is carried out along the position of the surface soil of the perennial sugar cane stump by artificial spreading. The fertilizer is an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for sugar cane (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content is 17:7:9), and the fertilizer amount is 120 kg / mu. After fertilization, no soil is added, and then the steps (3), (4) and (5) of Example 1 are implemented.

[0090] 2. Demonstration results

[0091] In the test demonstration, compared with Example 3 and Comparative Example 5, the change of perennial sugarcane fertilization measures has no significant effect on the change of perennial sugarcane seedling quantity during the seedling stage (Table 3). However, by changing the fertilization position, the sugarcane yield, sucrose content and fertilizer utilization rate can be significantly improved. Compared with Comparative Example 5, the sugarcane yield, sucrose content and fertilizer agronomic utilization rate and partial productivity of Example 3 were increased by 1.27t / mu, 0.81 percentage points, 10.59kg / kg and 32.08kg / kg respectively. In addition to selecting the correct fertilizer and the recommended fertilizer amount, the perennial sugarcane fertilization should fully consider the absorption law of nutrients by the perennial sugarcane and the growth and development law of the sugarcane root system, so as to fully tap the yield, sucrose content and fertilizer utilization rate potential of perennial sugarcane. The nutrients absorbed by perennial sugarcane in the seedling stage can be obtained from the sugarcane stump and the soil through the old root system. The demand for nutrients in the tillering stage is mainly met by fertilization. Therefore, changing the fertilization position does not affect the emergence of perennial roots, but it has a significant impact on the later yield and the formation of sucrose. At the same time, triangular fertilization can extend the perennial cultivation period while continuously increasing the yield of perennial sugarcane. According to the yield of perennial roots in the third season, the yield of perennial roots in the fourth and fifth seasons can still be maintained at more than 5t / mu, which is worth continuing to retain perennial sugarcane.

[0092] Comparative Example 6

[0093] 1. Demonstration method

[0094] According to a triangular fertilization method for sugar cane provided in Example 1, taking the triangular fertilization of newly planted sugar cane as an example, after the implementation of step (1) of Example 1, on the third day after the perennial sugar cane is harvested, a one-time fertilization is carried out along the position of the surface soil of the perennial sugar cane stump by artificial spreading. The fertilizer is a sugar cane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content is 17:7:9), and the fertilizer amount is 120 kg / mu. The soil is piled up with a sugarcane soiling machine, the soil thickness is about 3-5 cm, and the fertilizer is covered. Then, steps (3), (4) and (5) of Example 1 are implemented.

[0095] 2. Demonstration results

[0096] In the test demonstration, compared with Example 3 and Comparative Example 6, the change of the fertilization method of perennial sugarcane did not significantly affect the seedling amount of perennial sugarcane in the seedling stage (Table 3). However, by changing the fertilization position, the sugarcane yield, sucrose content and fertilizer utilization rate can be significantly improved. Compared with Comparative Example 6, the sugarcane yield, sucrose content and fertilizer agronomic utilization rate and partial productivity of Example 3 increased by 1.16t / mu, 1.04 percentage points and 9.67kg / kg, 29.30kg / kg respectively. The effect of Comparative Example 6 is equivalent to that of Comparative Example 5. In the case of covering with mulch film, soiling after topsoil fertilization has little effect on the yield and sucrose content of perennial sugarcane. The root system of perennial sugarcane is generally shallowly distributed. In addition to meeting the nutrient absorption of the shallow roots, it should also meet the nutrient absorption of the deep roots and guide the roots to grow to the deep soil. Therefore, under the condition that the emergence of perennial sugarcane is consistent, changing the traditional topsoil fertilization or shallow soil fertilization method and implementing triangular fertilization can improve fertilizer utilization and have a significant effect on the later yield of perennial sugarcane and the formation of sucrose.

[0097] Table 3 Effects of different fertilization on ratoon sugarcane yield, sucrose content, fertilizer agronomic utilization rate, and productivity

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] Note: The sugarcane yield in the blank area is 4.03t / mu.

[0101] The embodiments of the present application have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The selection of terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or improvements to the technology in the market, or to enable other persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A triangular fertilization method for sugar cane, characterized in that: The sugar cane includes newly planted sugar cane or ratoon sugar cane.

2. The triangular fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the sugar cane is newly planted sugar cane, the triangular fertilization method comprises the following steps: (1) When planting sugar cane, the first fertilization is carried out along the planting direction of the sugar cane seedlings, and the depth of the first fertilization is 5-10 cm; (2) At the end of the tillering stage of sugar cane, combined with inter-row cultivation and soil cultivation, a second fertilization is carried out along the middle of the sugar cane row. The depth of the second fertilization is 30-35 cm.

3. The triangular fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the sugar cane is ratoon sugar cane, the triangular fertilization method comprises the following steps: Within 7 days after the sugar cane is harvested or during the tillering period of perennial sugar cane, a one-time triangular fertilization is carried out in the spacing between two rows of sugar cane. The triangular fertilization includes a first fertilization point, a second fertilization point and a third fertilization point. The horizontal position of the first fertilization point is set in the middle of the spacing X, and the depth is 30-35 cm; the horizontal positions of the second fertilization point and the third fertilization point are symmetrically set on both sides of the first fertilization point, and the interval between the second fertilization point and the third fertilization point is 1 / 2X, and the depth is 15-20 cm.

4. The triangular fertilization method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The varieties of the newly planted sugarcane seedlings are one or more of Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, Guiliu 05-136, and Yuetang 93-159.

5. The triangular fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top-angle fertilization of newly planted sugarcane is mechanized fertilization, which is carried out in two or three furrows and is completed at the same time as the planting of sugarcane seedlings. The amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 10%-20% of the amount of fertilizer applied during the entire growth period of sugarcane.

6. The triangular fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom angle fertilization of newly planted sugarcane is to fertilize at the positions on both sides of the sugarcane row, forming a triangle fertilization with the top angle fertilization position at the sugarcane furrow, and the fertilization amount accounts for 80%-90% of the fertilization amount of the sugarcane during the entire growth period.

7. The triangular fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perennial sugarcane is fertilized in three furrows in each sugarcane row, that is, triangular fertilization is performed in the sugarcane row, wherein the fertilization amount at the first fertilization point accounts for 50% of the fertilization amount during the entire growth period of the sugarcane, and the fertilization amounts at the second and third fertilization points each account for 25% of the fertilization amount during the entire growth period of the sugarcane.

8. The triangular fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer used for fertilizing the sugarcane is a sugarcane soil-tested formula fertilizer, including a sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and a new type of green sugarcane compound fertilizer; the mass ratio of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of the sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is 17:7:9; the mass ratio of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of the sugarcane compound fertilizer is 21:11:12.

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