Ganoderma spore wall breaking process for reducing heavy metal content

Abstract

The invention relates to a ganoderma spore wall breaking process for reducing the content of heavy metals. The process comprises the following steps: raw material preparation, primary crushing, liquid nitrogen freezing, vibration mill wall breaking and drying volatilization. According to the ganoderma spore wall breaking process for reducing the content of the heavy metals, provided by the invention, the migration of heavy metals chromium and nickel contained in a food vibration mill to ganoderma spore powder can be greatly reduced under the condition of keeping the existing equipment of the ganoderma spore wall breaking process unchanged, and an extremely high wall breaking rate is kept.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine processing, and particularly relates to a ganoderma spore wall breaking process for reducing heavy metal content. Background Art

[0002] Lingzhi, a precious traditional Chinese medicine that can replenish qi, calm the mind, relieve cough and relieve asthma, is widely distributed in Zhejiang Province. In the past two decades, the development of the Lingzhi industry in many places in Zhejiang has created considerable achievements. Lingzhi spores refer to extremely tiny oval reproductive cells ejected from the gills of Lingzhi during the growth and maturity period. They are active organisms, and their chemical composition includes a variety of proteins, vitamins and inorganic elements. They can improve immunity, regulate the cardiovascular system, strengthen the respiratory system, and improve the digestive system. However, due to the double-walled structure of Lingzhi spores, the outer shell is very hard chitinous cellulose, which is difficult to be absorbed by the human body, but after the outer shell is broken, it is more suitable for direct absorption by the human stomach and intestines.

[0003] To break the outer shell of Ganoderma lucidum spores, high-pressure airflow is often used abroad. The high-pressure airflow wall-breaking machine used is expensive and easy to damage, resulting in a large investment. Considering the cost, two methods, enzymatic wall-breaking and vibration mill wall-breaking, are often used. Among them, the steps of enzymatic wall-breaking are complicated, and each step lasts for more than 2 days, with extremely low efficiency and a breaking rate of no more than 52%. The wall-breaking rate of vibration mill wall-breaking is higher, the time is shorter, and the cost is lower. Taking into account various factors, the wall-breaking of Ganoderma lucidum spores is mostly done by vibration mill wall-breaking technology.

[0004] However, as people's attention to food safety continues to increase, the problem of heavy metal migration in food has gradually become the focus of social attention. When using a vibration mill to break the wall of Ganoderma lucidum spore raw materials that have not been processed in any way, if a high wall breaking rate is to be achieved, the wall breaking time needs to be more than 40 minutes. The crushing device and grinding box of the vibration mill are in contact and collision with the raw materials for a long time, which will cause wear of 316 stainless steel, resulting in the migration of heavy metals chromium and nickel in the stainless steel into the material, causing the content of chromium and nickel in food to exceed the standard by at least 10 times, posing a certain threat to human health. Shortening the wall breaking time of the vibration mill will cause a significant drop in the wall breaking rate, which is lower than the highest wall breaking rate of 52% by enzymatic wall breaking, which is not conducive to human digestion and absorption after consumption. In the prior art, there is a lack of Ganoderma lucidum spore processing technology that uses a vibration mill to break the wall and avoid chromium and nickel residues.

[0005] Therefore, in order to maintain a high spore breaking rate of the vibration mill for Ganoderma lucidum spores while greatly reducing the migration of heavy metals chromium and nickel, a Ganoderma lucidum spore breaking process with reduced heavy metal content is provided. Summary of the invention

[0006] Based on the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a process for breaking the wall of Ganoderma lucidum spores with reduced heavy metal content. The process can achieve a high wall-breaking rate and low cost for breaking the Ganoderma lucidum spores by a vibration mill, and reduce the migration of heavy metals chromium and nickel in the stainless steel inside the vibration mill into the Ganoderma lucidum spores. The process is suitable for use in the vast Ganoderma lucidum producing areas south of the Yangtze River.

[0007] A process for breaking the spores of Ganoderma lucidum to reduce the content of heavy metals, characterized in that the process comprises the following steps:

[0008] Raw material preparation step: removing impurities from the Ganoderma lucidum spore raw material, washing the Ganoderma lucidum spore raw material with clean water, then drying the Ganoderma lucidum spore raw material in a dust-free environment, and then performing a primary crushing step;

[0009] Primary crushing step: in a dust-free environment, the raw material of Ganoderma lucidum spores is subjected to primary crushing to crush the raw material of Ganoderma lucidum spores into block-shaped Ganoderma lucidum spores, and then a liquid nitrogen freezing step is performed;

[0010] Liquid nitrogen freezing step: in a freezing reactor, the block of Ganoderma lucidum spores is frozen with liquid nitrogen, the freezing temperature is minus 196 degrees, the freezing time is greater than 4 hours, the total weight of the frozen block of Ganoderma lucidum spores does not exceed 250kg, and then the vibration grinding wall breaking step is performed;

[0011] Vibration mill wall breaking step: using a food vibration mill to break the block of Ganoderma lucidum spores for 3 minutes, then sieving, and then performing a drying and volatilization step, and the block of Ganoderma lucidum spores that have not been sieved are subjected to the vibration mill wall breaking step again;

[0012] Drying and volatilization step: using a high-temperature blast drying oven to dry the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder in a dust-free environment to obtain a finished Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.

[0013] In this technical solution, preferably, in step S11, the soil of the land is sandy loam rich in humus red soil and loess.

[0014] In this technical solution, preferably, in the raw material preparation step, a high-temperature forced air drying oven is used to dry the Ganoderma lucidum spore raw material.

[0015] In this technical solution, preferably, in the primary pulverizing step, a double-roller food extrusion pulverizer is used to perform primary pulverization on the Ganoderma lucidum spore raw material.

[0016] In this technical solution, preferably, in the vibration grinding wall breaking step, the food sieve used for screening is a 1800 mesh, 2000 mesh or 2500 mesh sieve.

[0017] The ganoderma lucidum spore wall breaking process for reducing heavy metal content provided by the present invention can significantly reduce the migration of heavy metals chromium and nickel contained in the food vibration mill to the ganoderma lucidum spore powder while keeping the existing equipment of the ganoderma lucidum spore wall breaking process unchanged, and maintain an extremely high wall breaking rate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the technical content of the present invention more easily understood, the technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0019] Example 1

[0020] In Example 1, a process for breaking the spores of Ganoderma lucidum to reduce the content of heavy metals is provided, and the process is performed according to the following steps:

[0021] First, the raw material preparation step is carried out to remove impurities in the Ganoderma lucidum spore raw material, clean the Ganoderma lucidum spore raw material with clean water, and then dry the Ganoderma lucidum spore raw material in a dust-free environment using a high-temperature blast drying oven. Then the primary crushing step is performed. In a dust-free environment, the Ganoderma lucidum spore raw material is primary crushed by a roller-type food extrusion crusher to crush the Ganoderma lucidum spore raw material into block-shaped Ganoderma lucidum spores. Then the liquid nitrogen freezing step is performed. In the freezing reactor, the block-shaped Ganoderma lucidum spores are frozen with liquid nitrogen, the freezing temperature is minus 196 degrees, and the freezing time is 4 hours.

[0022] The table below shows the raw material breakage ratios corresponding to liquid nitrogen temperatures ranging from -200 degrees to -180 degrees, respectively, obtained by the applicant through experiments.

[0023]

[0024] The table below shows the raw material breakage ratios corresponding to liquid nitrogen freezing times ranging from 1 hour to 4.5 hours, respectively, obtained by the applicant through experiments.

[0025]

[0026]

[0027] It can be seen from the applicant's multiple test data that the spore wall breaking rate of Ganoderma lucidum reaches the best when the liquid nitrogen temperature is minus 196 degrees. When the liquid nitrogen temperature increases or decreases, the spore wall breaking rate of Ganoderma lucidum decreases to a certain extent. As the liquid nitrogen freezing time continues to increase, the spore wall breaking rate of Ganoderma lucidum also continues to increase. When the freezing time is longer than 4 hours, the increase in the spore wall breaking rate of Ganoderma lucidum begins to decrease.

[0028] During the freezing process, the total weight of the frozen block Ganoderma lucidum spores does not exceed 250kg, and then the vibration grinding and wall breaking step is performed.

[0029] The blocky Ganoderma lucidum spores were broken by a food vibration mill, and the breaking time was 3 minutes. The following table shows the raw material breaking ratios corresponding to the breaking time from 1 minute to 5 minutes obtained by the applicant through experiments, as well as the residual nickel and chromium contents in the raw materials.

[0030]

[0031] It can be seen that after liquid nitrogen freezing, the breaking time is greatly shortened, and the breaking rate increases from 1 minute to 5 minutes, but starting from 3 minutes, as the breaking time continues to increase, the breaking rate does not increase significantly. However, starting from 3 minutes, the content of nickel and chromium migrated in the raw materials increases rapidly with the increase of breaking time.

[0032] After the spores are broken, they are sieved with a 2500-mesh sieve and then subjected to a drying and volatilization step. The unsieved blocky Ganoderma lucidum spores are subjected to a vibration mill spore breaking step again.

[0033] Finally, the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is dried in a high-temperature blast drying oven in a dust-free environment to obtain a finished ganoderma lucidum spore powder with a wall-breaking rate of more than 97%.

[0034] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A process for breaking the spores of Ganoderma lucidum to reduce the content of heavy metals, characterized in that: The process comprises the following steps: Raw material preparation step: removing impurities from the Ganoderma lucidum spore raw material, washing the Ganoderma lucidum spore raw material with clean water, then drying the Ganoderma lucidum spore raw material in a dust-free environment, and then performing a primary crushing step; Primary crushing step: in a dust-free environment, the raw material of Ganoderma lucidum spores is subjected to primary crushing to crush the raw material of Ganoderma lucidum spores into block-shaped Ganoderma lucidum spores, and then a liquid nitrogen freezing step is performed; Liquid nitrogen freezing step: in a freezing reactor, the block of Ganoderma lucidum spores is frozen with liquid nitrogen, the freezing temperature is minus 196 degrees, the freezing time is greater than 4 hours, the total weight of the frozen block of Ganoderma lucidum spores does not exceed 250kg, and then the vibration grinding wall breaking step is performed; Vibration mill wall breaking step: using a food vibration mill to break the block of Ganoderma lucidum spores for 3 minutes, then sieving, and then performing a drying and volatilization step, and the block of Ganoderma lucidum spores that have not been sieved are subjected to the vibration mill wall breaking step again; Drying and volatilization step: using a high-temperature blast drying oven to dry the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder in a dust-free environment to obtain a finished Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.

2. The process for breaking the spores of Ganoderma lucidum to reduce the heavy metal content according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the raw material preparation step, a high-temperature forced air drying oven is used to dry the Ganoderma lucidum spore raw material.

3. The process for breaking the spores of Ganoderma lucidum for reducing the heavy metal content according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the primary pulverizing step, a double-roll food extrusion pulverizer is used to perform primary pulverization on the Ganoderma lucidum spore raw material.

4. The process for breaking the spores of Ganoderma lucidum to reduce the heavy metal content according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the vibration mill wall breaking step, the food sieve used for screening is a 1800 mesh, 2000 mesh or 2500 mesh sieve.

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