Fishway pool chamber water depth control system and control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, in particular to a fishway pool chamber water depth control system and method. The method comprises the following steps: calculating the flow of the Danille abrupt slope fishway through the amplitude of the upstream water level of the river reach of the dam hub. The ultrasonic fish finder is used for recognizing the types, body types and the number of fishes coming from the fishway inlet. And calculating the running flow, the flow velocity and the water depth of the main fishway in combination with meteorological and hydrological information and fish data. And according to the flow of the Danille steep slope fishway and the running flow of the main fishway, auxiliary regulation and control flow is calculated. And the opening degree of the gate is calculated according to the auxiliary regulation and control flow and the water level information of the movable gate, and an instruction is sent to the opening degree controller. In the opening process, the water flow characteristics of the main fishway and the Danille steep slope fishway are monitored, and the fish dynamic state is monitored through the ultrasonic fish finder. And comparing the actual water flow characteristic with an expected value, sending an opening degree optimization instruction, and repeatedly adjusting until the expected water flow characteristic and the fish passing rate are achieved, so that the fish upstream tracing effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy engineering, and in particular to a water depth control system and a control method for a fishway pool. Background Art

[0002] At present, most of the fishways at home and abroad have gates at the entrance and exit of the fishway. In theory, the gates at the exit not only play a role in flood prevention and maintenance, but also can be opened to different degrees according to the changes in the upstream water level to adjust the flow and water depth of the fishway. In order to prevent the gates from becoming obstacles to the upstream migration of target fish, the gates of the hub fishways at home and abroad are basically all open during the operation period, so that the gates cannot adapt to the changes in the upstream water level and the flow (water depth) in the fishway. The water depth of the fishway pool changes with the changes in the upstream and downstream water levels, making it difficult to ensure that the fishway has stable water flow conditions and fish passing effects. Hub fishways at home and abroad do not solve the problem of simultaneous flow and fish passing at the gates (that is, the gates can regulate the flow and ensure good conditions for fish passing at the gates). When the gates have a large water retaining height and the gates are partially opened, it is easy to produce a large local flow velocity or a chaotic flow state, which seriously affects the fish passing effect. Summary of the invention

[0003] Based on this, it is necessary for the present invention to provide a fishway chamber water depth control system and control method to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, a method for controlling the water depth of a fishway pool chamber is provided, which is applied to a fishway pool chamber device installed in a dam, and the device comprises a movable gate, a fixed gate, a flow separation pier, a gate opening controller, a water level sensor, a main fishway, a Daniel steep slope fishway, an ultrasonic fish finder and a flow meter, wherein the flow separation pier is arranged near the upstream exit of the main fishway, and the subsequent fishway near the upstream exit of the main fishway is divided into a movable gate channel and a fixed gate channel, a movable gate of the gate opening controller is arranged at the movable gate channel, a fixed gate is arranged at the fixed gate channel, and the Daniel steep slope fishway is arranged on the upper part of the fixed gate; the water level sensor is arranged at the front and rear sides of the movable gate; the ultrasonic fish finder is respectively arranged at the entrance of the main fishway and the exit of the Daniel steep slope fishway; the flow meter is respectively arranged at the oblique slit of the main fishway, the movable gate channel and the fixed gate channel; the method for controlling the water depth of the fishway pool chamber comprises the following steps: Step S1: obtaining hydrological data of the dam hub river section area and meteorological data of the dam hub river section area; obtaining the active gate water level sensor data through the water level sensor, and calculating the Daniel steep slope fishway flow according to the active gate water level sensor data, thereby obtaining the Daniel steep slope fishway flow data; Step S2: obtaining the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the entrance of the main fishway through an ultrasonic fish finder, and integrating the characteristics of the fish at the entrance of the fishway according to the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the entrance of the main fishway, so as to obtain the characteristic data of the fish at the entrance of the fishway; Step S3: selecting the water flow characteristics of the main fishway according to the fish characteristic data at the fishway entrance and the hydrological data of the dam hub river section area, so as to obtain the main fishway operation flow data, the main fishway operation flow velocity data and the main fishway operation water depth data; Step S4: Calculate the auxiliary control flow rate according to the main fishway operation flow rate data and the Daniel steep slope fishway flow rate data, so as to obtain the auxiliary control flow rate data; Step S5: Calculate the opening degree of the active gate according to the water level sensor data of the active gate and the auxiliary control flow data, so as to obtain the opening degree data of the active gate; transmit the opening degree data of the active gate to the gate opening controller to execute the gate opening task; Step S6: obtaining the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the exit of the Daniel steep slope fishway through an ultrasonic fish finder, and dynamically monitoring the upstream fish at the exit of the steep slope fishway based on the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the exit of the Daniel steep slope fishway, thereby obtaining the dynamic data of the upstream fish at the exit of the steep slope fishway; obtaining the real-time main fishway flow velocity data and the real-time Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity data through a flow meter, and dynamically monitoring the Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity based on the real-time Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity data, thereby obtaining the dynamic data of the Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity; obtaining the real-time main fishway water depth data through a water level sensor, and dynamically monitoring the main fishway water flow characteristics based on the real-time main fishway water depth data and the real-time main fishway flow velocity data, thereby obtaining the main fishway water flow characteristics dynamic data; Step S7: Calculate the expected error of the dynamic data of the water flow characteristics of the main fishway and the dynamic data of the flow velocity of the Daniel steep slope fishway, so as to obtain the expected water flow characteristic error data; evaluate the upstream fish passage effect based on the dynamic data of the upstream fish at the steep slope fishway exit, so as to obtain the upstream fish passage effect data; evaluate the effectiveness of gate regulation based on the expected water flow characteristic error data and the upstream fish passage effect data, so as to obtain the gate regulation effectiveness data; iteratively optimize the gate opening degree according to the gate regulation effectiveness data, so as to obtain the optimized active gate opening degree data, and transmit it to the gate opening controller to execute the gate opening optimization task until the fishway water flow characteristic value and the fish passage effect reach the preset target.

[0005] The present invention can fully understand the impact of environmental factors on the fishway by obtaining hydrological and meteorological data in the dam hub area. The flow calculation combined with the data of the active gate water level sensor can accurately evaluate the flow of the Daniel steep slope fishway and provide basic data for subsequent flow regulation and water depth management. This helps to ensure that the water flow conditions of the fishway are suitable for fish to go upstream. The ultrasonic fish finder is used to obtain the sound wave reflection signal, and the fish conditions at the entrance of the main fishway can be monitored in real time. These data help to understand the fish species, quantity and behavioral characteristics, and provide a basis for optimizing the fishway design and improving the fish passing effect. The water flow characteristics are selected according to the fish characteristic data and the hydrological data, which can ensure that the running water flow, flow rate and water depth of the fishway are suitable for the upstream needs of the target fish, which will improve the use efficiency of the fishway and reduce the resistance encountered by the fish during the fish passing process. By calculating the auxiliary control flow, the optimal management of the fishway flow can be achieved, and the water flow characteristics of the fishway pool chamber can be ensured to remain stable within the range of the controlled water depth, thereby maintaining a good fishway environment. The opening degree of the active gate is calculated, and the opening degree of the gate can be adjusted according to the real-time data to cope with different hydrological conditions. This real-time control can optimize water flow conditions, improve the passing rate of fish, and enhance the applicability of fishways. By acquiring real-time water flow and fish dynamic data through a variety of devices, the operation status of the fishway can be effectively monitored. This monitoring provides a basis for adjusting the flow rate and optimizing the design of the fishway, which helps to timely discover and solve possible obstacles and improve the fish passing effect. The calculation of the expected water flow characteristic error and the evaluation of the fish passing effect can identify the deficiencies in the current fishway operation. Based on these evaluation results, the gate opening degree is optimized to achieve more accurate flow control. This feedback mechanism ensures the adaptability of the fishway in a dynamic environment, thereby improving the success rate of fish upstream. In summary, these steps form a closed-loop feedback system through data collection and analysis, real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment, which can continuously optimize the operation status of the fishway, ensure the smooth upstream of fish, and effectively respond to the challenges brought by environmental changes, thereby protecting the ecology while improving the effect of fish upstream.

[0006] Optionally, step S1 specifically includes: Obtain hydrological data of the dam hub river section area and meteorological data of the dam hub river section area; Acquire the water level sensing data of the movable gate through the water level sensor, and extract the water level characteristics of the upstream of the dam from the water level sensing data of the movable gate, so as to obtain the water level data of the upstream of the dam; The flow velocity data of the Daniel Steep Fish Pass was obtained by using a current meter; The flow rate of the Daniel Steep Slope Fishway is calculated based on the flow velocity data of the Daniel Steep Slope Fishway and the water level data upstream of the dam, thereby obtaining the flow data of the Daniel Steep Slope Fishway.

[0007] The present invention can obtain information such as season, temperature, hydrology, etc. of the dam hub river section where the fishway is located through a public platform, and these data are helpful in evaluating the swimming ability of fish. The water level information upstream of the dam can be obtained by the water level sensor installed in front of the movable gate. Accurate water level data helps to optimize the water flow control strategy and ensure the safe operation of the reservoir. Identifying the trend of water level changes helps to evaluate the water storage capacity of the upstream reservoir and predict future water level changes. Effectively monitor the flow rate to ensure the availability of the fishway channel and promote the migration and reproduction of fish. Calculating the flow through the steep slope fishway can provide support for subsequent regulation and auxiliary regulation of the flow.

[0008] Optionally, step S2 specifically includes: Step S21: Acquiring acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the entrance of the main fishway through an ultrasonic fish finder; Step S22: integrating reflection signal characteristics based on the underwater acoustic wave reflection signal data at the main fishway entrance, thereby obtaining underwater reflection signal characteristic data; Step S23: Acquire fish acoustic characteristic data through the expert experiment database, and perform fish identification at the fishway entrance on the characteristic data of the reflected signal in the water according to the fish acoustic characteristic data, thereby obtaining fish identification data at the fishway entrance; Step S24: integrating the imported fish characteristics of the fish identification data at the fishway entrance according to the characteristic data of the water reflection signal, thereby obtaining the fish characteristic data of the fish entrance of the fishway.

[0009] The present invention uses an ultrasonic fish finder to emit sound waves and receive reflected signals to detect fish at the entrance of the fishway, and can obtain dynamic information of the fish activities in the water at the entrance of the main fishway in real time, providing a basis for subsequent data analysis. Ultrasonic detection is a non-contact method that can reduce interference to fish. Through feature integration, the accuracy of signal processing can be improved, noise can be filtered out, and the recognition effect can be enhanced. The extracted features can provide information on fish size, morphology and other aspects, laying the foundation for subsequent swimming ability analysis. Referring to the acoustic feature data of fish in the expert experimental database, the reflected signals in the water are compared to identify the fish at the entrance of the fishway. Through database comparison, multiple fish can be accurately identified and the accuracy of species identification can be improved. The integrated data contains characteristics such as fish size, type, and quantity, providing an important reference for the judgment of fish swimming ability.

[0010] Optionally, step S3 specifically includes: Step S31: selecting the flow rate of the main fishway according to the fish characteristic data at the fishway entrance, the hydrological data of the dam hub river section area, and the meteorological data of the dam hub river section area, so as to obtain the flow rate data of the main fishway; Step S32: selecting the operating water depth based on the fish characteristic data at the fishway inlet, thereby obtaining the operating water depth data of the main fishway; Step S33: Select the corresponding operating flow rate based on the main fishway operating water depth data, so as to obtain the main fishway operating flow rate data.

[0011] By analyzing the characteristic data of fish, the present invention can select a flow rate suitable for fish to swim upstream, so that fish can swim more efficiently in the fishway. The appropriate flow rate can reduce the physiological burden of fish, reduce stress response, and ensure their health. Reasonable water depth selection can ensure that the water flow characteristics of the fishway pool are more suitable for carp fish that like to swim upstream in the middle and bottom layers, improve the customs clearance efficiency of the fishway, and promote the free migration of fish. Flow selection based on the selected water depth data can optimize the water flow conditions of the fishway and increase the passing rate of fish. By scientifically selecting the flow rate, the impact of excessive or weak water flow on the fishway environment can be avoided.

[0012] Optionally, step S31 is specifically: Step S311: extracting fish species characteristics and fish body shape characteristics from the fish feature data of the fishway entrance, thereby obtaining fish species and body shape data; Step S312: obtaining fish swimming characteristic data through an expert experiment database, wherein the fish swimming characteristic data includes swimming characteristic data of each fish in different body shapes, swimming characteristic data of each fish in different seasons, and swimming characteristic data of each fish at different temperatures; Step S313: evaluating the seasonal swimming ability of fishes based on the fishes' swimming characteristic data, the fishes' body size data, the dam hub river section area hydrological data, and the dam hub river section area meteorological data, thereby obtaining the fishes' seasonal swimming ability data; Step S314: selecting the main fishway running flow rate according to the seasonal swimming ability data of the fish, thereby obtaining the main fishway running flow rate data.

[0013] The present invention helps to understand the adaptability of different fish by extracting the species characteristics and body shape characteristics of fish, and can provide key parameters for subsequent swimming ability research. Through the swimming characteristic data of the expert experimental database, we can have a more comprehensive understanding of the swimming performance of different fish under various environmental factors, and help study their ecological habits. Analyzing the swimming characteristics of fish in different seasons and temperatures provides a basis for predicting the behavior of fish under climate change. By integrating the body shape data and swimming characteristics of fish, its swimming ability and migration ability under different environmental conditions can be evaluated, and the impact of the external environment on fish activities can be better understood. According to the evaluation results, the appropriate flow rate is selected to optimize the design of the fishway, ensuring that the fish can pass through the dam smoothly and quickly, and reducing the retention or death of fish caused by unsuitable flow rates.

[0014] Optionally, step S32 is specifically: Based on the characteristic data of fish imported into the fishway, the water depth of the fishway chamber for the fishway is selected from the expert experimental database - the efficiency relationship curve; According to the water depth of the fishway pool - the operating water depth range is divided by the efficiency curve, so as to obtain the water depth of the fishway pool - the interval is divided by the efficiency range; Based on the water depth of the fishway chamber - the high through-efficiency operating water depth is selected according to the through-efficiency range, so as to obtain the main fishway operating water depth data.

[0015] The present invention selects relevant data through an expert database, which can ensure the scientificity and reliability of the data used, and provide a solid foundation for subsequent analysis. The relationship curve between water depth and passing efficiency can reveal the upstream behavior of fish under different water depth conditions, and help researchers understand the migration and selection habits of fish. By selecting the curve, data support can be provided for the design of fishways, so that the design can better meet the survival needs of fish. By dividing the water depth range, the optimal passing efficiency under different water depth conditions can be identified, which is convenient for corresponding adjustments in actual management. By identifying the high passing efficiency water depth interval, a basis can be provided for the water level adjustment and management of the fishway, ensuring that fish can pass smoothly and quickly. Selecting an operating water depth with high passing efficiency can maximize the traffic capacity of the fishway, thereby enhancing its function in the ecosystem. By selecting the operating water depth, water resources can be reasonably utilized on the basis of maintaining the ecological balance of the water body, and the dual goals of water saving and ecological protection can be achieved. At the same time, in the face of climate change or water level fluctuations, the operating water depth can be quickly adjusted to maintain the high passing efficiency of the fishway, which can ensure that the fishway can still operate effectively under different environmental conditions.

[0016] Optionally, step S4 is specifically: According to the flow data of the main fishway and the flow data of the Daniel steep slope fishway, the auxiliary control flow is calculated by the auxiliary control flow calculation formula to obtain the auxiliary control flow data, wherein the auxiliary control flow calculation formula is specifically as follows: ; in, To assist in regulating flow, The flow rate of the main fishway is Flow for the Daniel Steep Fishway.

[0017] The present invention can realize accurate regulation of the fishway flow rate through comprehensive analysis and calculation of the main fishway running flow rate and the Daniel steep slope fishway flow rate, which can enable the main fishway to accurately reach the running flow rate to improve the passing efficiency of fish.

[0018] Optionally, step S5 specifically includes: Step S51: acquiring the water level sensing data of the movable gate through the water level sensor, and calculating the water level difference before and after the gate for the water level sensing data of the movable gate, thereby obtaining the water level difference data before and after the gate; Step S52: Calculate the submerged orifice area according to the water level difference data before and after the gate and the auxiliary control flow data, and use the submerged orifice area calculation formula to obtain the submerged orifice area data, wherein the submerged orifice area calculation formula is specifically: ; in, is the flooded orifice area, To assist in regulating flow, is the flow coefficient, To calculate the hydraulic head, is the acceleration due to gravity; Step S53: Calculating the opening degree of the movable gate according to the submerged orifice area data, thereby obtaining the opening degree data of the movable gate; Step S54: Transmit the movable gate opening degree data to the gate opening degree controller to execute the gate opening task.

[0019] The present invention obtains the water level data before and after the movable gate through the water level sensor and calculates the water level difference. It can monitor the water level changes on both sides of the gate in real time, timely reflect the dynamic changes of the water level, improve the accuracy of water level monitoring, and ensure that subsequent control decisions are based on accurate data. Accurately calculating the submerged orifice area helps to effectively control the flow rate and ensure that the flow rate can reach the operating flow range of the main fishway. According to the real-time water level and flow requirements, the opening degree of the gate can be flexibly adjusted to optimize water flow management. At the same time, precise control of the opening degree helps to reduce the energy consumption of the gate drive system and improve operating efficiency. Through rapid data transmission, it is ensured that the control system can respond to water level changes in a timely manner and execute corresponding adjustment measures. Closed-loop control is achieved, manual intervention is reduced, and the safety and reliability of operation are improved.

[0020] Optionally, step S7 specifically includes: Step S71: During the process of opening the control gate, the error of the expected operation water depth of the main fishway is calculated for the dynamic data of the water flow characteristics of the main fishway according to the operation water depth data of the main fishway, so as to obtain the error data of the expected operation water depth of the main fishway; the error of the expected operation flow velocity of the main fishway is calculated for the dynamic data of the water flow characteristics of the main fishway according to the operation flow velocity data of the main fishway, so as to obtain the error data of the expected operation flow velocity of the main fishway; Step S72: performing Daniel steep slope fishway desired flow velocity error calculation on Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity dynamic data according to Daniel steep slope fishway flow data, thereby obtaining Daniel steep slope fishway desired flow velocity error data; Step S73: integrating the expected operating water depth error data of the main fishway, the expected operating flow velocity error data of the main fishway, and the expected flow velocity error data of the Daniel steep slope fishway, so as to obtain expected water flow characteristic error data; Step S74: evaluating the fish passing effect per unit time according to the dynamic data of upstream fish at the exit of the steep slope fishway, thereby obtaining the fish passing effect data of upstream fish at the exit of the steep slope fishway; Step S75: evaluating the effectiveness of gate regulation based on the expected water flow characteristic error data and the fish passage effect data of upstream fish at the steep slope fishway exit, thereby obtaining gate regulation effectiveness data; Step S76: Iteratively optimize the gate opening degree according to the gate control effectiveness data to obtain optimized active gate opening degree data, and transmit it to the gate opening controller to execute the gate opening optimization task until the fishway water flow characteristic value and fish passing effect reach the preset target.

[0021] The present invention can timely identify the change of water flow state by real-time monitoring of the water depth and flow rate of the main fishway, and ensure that the flow environment of the fishway is suitable for fish activities. By comparing the actual and expected water depths and flow rates, the actual water flow characteristic errors can be identified, providing a scientific basis for subsequent control measures. Real-time monitoring of the flow rate of the Daniel steep slope fishway and comparing it with the expected flow rate can help identify potential flow rate problems. This can ensure the suitability of the water flow of fish in the steep slope fishway and reduce the phenomenon of fish retention or backflow caused by improper flow rate. By integrating the water depth and flow rate error data of the main fishway and the Daniel steep slope fishway, a comprehensive water flow characteristic analysis can be provided. This comprehensive data helps to understand the overall water flow conditions, and then formulate more effective control measures to optimize the design and management of the fishway. By analyzing the dynamics of fish at the exit of the steep slope fishway, the efficiency of fish passage can be evaluated. This evaluation helps to monitor the use effect of the fishway, provide improvement plans, and ensure that the fishway can effectively support the migration and reproduction of fish. Combined with the expected water flow characteristic error and fish passing effect data, the effectiveness of gate regulation is evaluated, which can ensure the scientificity and pertinence of the control measures. This helps to adjust the control strategy in time, improve the overall function of the fishway and ensure the health of the ecosystem. By optimizing the gate opening, the water flow characteristics can be dynamically adjusted to achieve the preset goals. This not only improves the suitability and swimming ability of fish in the fishway, but also effectively utilizes water resources, reduces operating costs, and promotes the natural migration of fish and ecological balance.

[0022] Optionally, the present invention further provides a fishway pool water depth control system for executing the fishway pool water depth control method as described above, the fishway pool water depth control system comprising: The information acquisition module is used to obtain the hydrological data of the dam hub river section area and the meteorological data of the dam hub river section area; obtain the active gate water level sensor data through the water level sensor, and calculate the Daniel steep slope fishway flow according to the active gate water level sensor data, so as to obtain the Daniel steep slope fishway flow data; The fish identification module at the fishway entrance is used to obtain the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the main fishway entrance through the ultrasonic fish finder, and integrate the characteristics of the fish at the fishway entrance according to the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the main fishway entrance, so as to obtain the characteristic data of the fish at the fishway entrance; The expert decision-making module is used to select the water flow characteristics of the main fishway according to the fish characteristic data of the fishway entrance and the hydrological data of the dam hub river section area, so as to obtain the main fishway operation flow data, the main fishway operation flow velocity data and the main fishway operation water depth data; An auxiliary control flow calculation module is used to calculate the auxiliary control flow according to the main fishway operation flow data and the Daniel steep slope fishway flow data, so as to obtain the auxiliary control flow data; The control execution module is used to calculate the opening degree of the active gate according to the water level sensor data of the active gate and the auxiliary control flow data, so as to obtain the opening degree data of the active gate; and transmit the opening degree data of the active gate to the gate opening controller to execute the gate opening task; A monitoring module is used to obtain the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the exit of the Daniel steep slope fishway through an ultrasonic fish finder, and to perform dynamic monitoring of fish upstream at the exit of the steep slope fishway based on the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the exit of the Daniel steep slope fishway, thereby obtaining dynamic data of fish upstream at the exit of the steep slope fishway; to obtain real-time main fishway flow velocity data and real-time Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity data through a flow meter, and to perform dynamic monitoring of the Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity based on the real-time Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity data, thereby obtaining dynamic data of the Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity; to obtain real-time main fishway water depth data through a water level sensor, and to perform dynamic monitoring of the main fishway water flow characteristics based on the real-time main fishway water depth data and the real-time main fishway flow velocity data, thereby obtaining dynamic data of the main fishway water flow characteristics; The gate opening degree optimization module is used to calculate the expected error of the dynamic data of the water flow characteristics of the main fishway and the dynamic data of the flow velocity of the Daniel steep slope fishway, so as to obtain the expected water flow characteristic error data; to evaluate the upstream fish passing effect based on the dynamic data of the upstream fish at the steep slope fishway exit, so as to obtain the upstream fish passing effect data; to evaluate the effectiveness of gate regulation based on the expected water flow characteristic error data and the upstream fish passing effect data, so as to obtain the gate regulation effectiveness data; to iteratively optimize the gate opening degree based on the gate regulation effectiveness data, so as to obtain the optimized active gate opening degree data, and transmit it to the gate opening controller to execute the gate opening optimization task until the fishway water flow characteristic value and the fish passing effect reach the preset target.

[0023] The fishway chamber water depth control system of the present invention can implement any one of the fishway chamber water depth control methods of the present invention, and is used to combine the operation and signal transmission medium between various modules to complete the fishway chamber water depth control method. The internal modules of the system cooperate with each other to improve the fish passing efficiency of upstream fish. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof made with reference to the following drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the steps of the method for controlling the water depth of a fishway chamber according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a detailed diagram of the fishway chamber device of the present invention; Figure 3 The fishway chamber water depth-passing efficiency relationship curve diagram in step S32 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working process of the water depth control system of the fishway chamber in the present invention; The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical method of the present invention is described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] In addition, the accompanying drawings are only schematic illustrations of the present invention and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the figures represent the same or similar parts, and their repeated description will be omitted. Some of the block diagrams shown in the accompanying drawings are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically independent entities. The functional entities can be implemented in software form, or implemented in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or implemented in different networks and / or processor methods and / or microcontroller methods.

[0027] The steep slope fishway shown in the text and illustrations of the present invention is the well-known Daniel fishway, and the flow control gate is a flat gate. This is just an example, and other types of steep slope fishways and control gates all fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0028] In the text and illustrations of the present invention Figure 3The fishway pool water depth-throughput efficiency curve is obtained under laboratory conditions by taking the H-type vertical seam fishway as an example, taking the red grass of the carp family as the test object, simulating the air temperature and water temperature of 18-20 degrees in April in the south, and stored in the expert knowledge base of the present invention. There are many factors that affect the relationship curve between the fishway pool water depth and throughput efficiency. The one listed here is just one example. Please do not use it as a general rule.

[0029] It should be understood that, although the terms "first", "second", etc. may be used herein to describe various units, these units should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one unit from another unit. For example, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments, the first unit may be referred to as the second unit, and similarly the second unit may be referred to as the first unit. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed associated items.

[0030] To achieve this, please refer to Figures 1 to 4 The present invention provides a method for controlling the water depth of a fishway chamber, the method comprising the following steps: Step S1: obtaining hydrological data of the dam hub river section area and meteorological data of the dam hub river section area; obtaining the active gate water level sensor data through the water level sensor, and calculating the Daniel steep slope fishway flow according to the active gate water level sensor data, thereby obtaining the Daniel steep slope fishway flow data; In this embodiment, the public platform can obtain information such as the season, temperature, and hydrology of the river section of the dam hub where the fishway is located; the water level information upstream of the dam can be obtained by the water level sensor installed in front of the movable gate, and the flow rate through the steep slope fishway can be calculated based on this information.

[0031] Step S2: obtaining the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the entrance of the main fishway through an ultrasonic fish finder, and integrating the characteristics of the fish at the entrance of the fishway according to the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the entrance of the main fishway, so as to obtain the characteristic data of the fish at the entrance of the fishway; In this embodiment, the ultrasonic fish finder installed at the entrance of the fishway downstream of the dam hub can identify the type, scale and size of the upstream fish through the ultrasonic reflection signal data in the water.

[0032] Step S3: selecting the water flow characteristics of the main fishway according to the fish characteristic data at the fishway entrance and the hydrological data of the dam hub river section area, so as to obtain the main fishway operation flow data, the main fishway operation flow velocity data and the main fishway operation water depth data; In this embodiment, based on the fish characteristics data of the fishway entrance and the hydrological data of the dam hub river section area, and using a large amount of stored knowledge base data and the fishway related parameter relationship curve or formula obtained through experiments, the optimal operating water depth and corresponding flow rate of the main fishway, as well as the main fishway water flow velocity suitable for the swimming ability of upstream fish are proposed; Step S4: Calculate the auxiliary control flow rate according to the main fishway operation flow rate data and the Daniel steep slope fishway flow rate data, so as to obtain the auxiliary control flow rate data; In this embodiment, the auxiliary flow required to pass through the movable gate can be obtained by subtracting the flow through the steep slope fishway (Daniel steep slope fishway flow) from the required operating flow of the main fishway.

[0033] Step S5: Calculate the opening degree of the active gate according to the water level sensor data of the active gate and the auxiliary control flow data, so as to obtain the opening degree data of the active gate; transmit the opening degree data of the active gate to the gate opening controller to execute the gate opening task; In this embodiment, water level sensing data and the water level difference before and after the movable gate are obtained by two water level sensors before and after the movable gate, and the opening data of the movable gate A can be calculated according to the outflow formula of the submerged orifice; the opening data of the movable gate A is transmitted to the gate opening controller to execute the gate A opening task.

[0034] Step S6: obtaining the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the exit of the Daniel steep slope fishway through an ultrasonic fish finder, and dynamically monitoring the upstream fish at the exit of the steep slope fishway based on the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the exit of the Daniel steep slope fishway, thereby obtaining the dynamic data of the upstream fish at the exit of the steep slope fishway; obtaining the real-time main fishway flow velocity data and the real-time Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity data through a flow meter, and dynamically monitoring the Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity based on the real-time Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity data, thereby obtaining the dynamic data of the Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity; obtaining the real-time main fishway water depth data through a water level sensor, and dynamically monitoring the main fishway water flow characteristics based on the real-time main fishway water depth data and the real-time main fishway flow velocity data, thereby obtaining the main fishway water flow characteristics dynamic data; In this embodiment, during the opening of the movable gate, it is necessary to monitor in real time whether the main parameters of the fishway have reached the recommended indicators and achieved the ideal fish passing effect. The main fishway water level sensor and flow meter can monitor the dynamic data of the main fishway water level and flow rate changes caused by the auxiliary flow adjustment during the opening of the movable gate; the flow rate in the steep slope fishway can be monitored by the flow meter; the ultrasonic fish finder at the exit of the steep slope fishway can obtain the underwater sound wave reflection signal at the exit of the Daniel steep slope fishway, identify the characteristics of the underwater sound wave reflection signal, and monitor the information of the fish that have successfully gone upstream.

[0035] Step S7: Calculate the expected error of the dynamic data of the water flow characteristics of the main fishway and the dynamic data of the flow velocity of the Daniel steep slope fishway, so as to obtain the expected water flow characteristic error data; evaluate the upstream fish passage effect based on the dynamic data of the upstream fish at the steep slope fishway exit, so as to obtain the upstream fish passage effect data; evaluate the effectiveness of gate regulation based on the expected water flow characteristic error data and the upstream fish passage effect data, so as to obtain the gate regulation effectiveness data; iteratively optimize the gate opening degree according to the gate regulation effectiveness data, so as to obtain the optimized active gate opening degree data, and transmit it to the gate opening controller to execute the gate opening optimization task until the fishway water flow characteristic value and the fish passage effect reach the preset target.

[0036] In this embodiment, the obtained dynamic data of water flow characteristics are compared with the operation data recommended by the expert decision module, and the fish passing effect is evaluated. If the monitoring results do not meet the requirements, the monitoring data are returned to the expert decision module for re-analysis to obtain a new round of control parameters and control operations, and the requirements are met through multiple iterations of optimization.

[0037] Optionally, step S1 specifically includes: Obtain hydrological data of the dam hub river section area and meteorological data of the dam hub river section area; In this embodiment, the public platform can obtain information such as season, temperature, and hydrology of the dam hub river section where the fishway is located, so as to obtain hydrological data of the dam hub river section area and meteorological data of the dam hub river section area.

[0038] Acquire the water level sensing data of the movable gate through the water level sensor, and extract the water level characteristics of the upstream of the dam from the water level sensing data of the movable gate, so as to obtain the water level data of the upstream of the dam; In this embodiment, the water level sensor installed in front of the movable gate can obtain the movable gate water level sensing data, and the sensing data obtained by the water level sensor on the upstream side of the dam is extracted from the movable gate water level sensing data to obtain the dam upstream water level data.

[0039] The flow velocity data of the Daniel Steep Fish Pass was obtained by using a current meter; The flow rate of the Daniel Steep Slope Fishway is calculated based on the flow velocity data of the Daniel Steep Slope Fishway and the water level data upstream of the dam, thereby obtaining the flow data of the Daniel Steep Slope Fishway.

[0040] In this embodiment, the flow rate is calculated by the flow velocity data and the cross-sectional area of ​​the fishway. The flow rate is calculated as follows: flow rate (Q) = flow velocity (v) × cross-sectional area (A). Assume that the width of the fishway is 5 meters, the depth is 2 meters, and the flow velocity data is 0.3 meters per second. The flow rate is calculated as Q = 0.3m / s × (5m × 2m) = 3m³ / s. According to the real-time data of the flow meter, the flow rate is calculated regularly, and the flow velocity data is corrected regularly to ensure the accuracy of the flow calculation. For example, the flow velocity and water level relationship curve contained in the expert experiment database can be used to correct the flow velocity data to adapt to the flow characteristics under different water level conditions.

[0041] Optionally, step S2 specifically includes: Step S21: Acquiring acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the entrance of the main fishway through an ultrasonic fish finder; In this embodiment, a high-frequency ultrasonic fish finder (e.g., 200kHz frequency) is used to perform acoustic detection at the entrance of the main fishway. The fish finder emits ultrasonic signals, which propagate in the water and are reflected when encountering fish and other obstacles. These reflected signals are received by a high-sensitivity receiver, and their time delay and intensity changes are recorded to generate a series of original acoustic reflection signal data. These data will be stored in the data acquisition system for subsequent analysis.

[0042] Step S22: integrating reflection signal characteristics based on the underwater acoustic wave reflection signal data at the main fishway entrance, thereby obtaining underwater reflection signal characteristic data; In this embodiment, a signal processing algorithm (such as Fourier transform and wavelet transform) is used to analyze the acquired sound wave reflection signal. By filtering and denoising the signal, key features such as reflection time, frequency characteristics and amplitude information are extracted. These features are integrated into the characteristic data of the water reflection signal in the form of feature vectors, forming a multidimensional data set, which is convenient for subsequent comparison and analysis with the acoustic characteristic data of fish.

[0043] Step S23: Acquire fish acoustic characteristic data through the expert experiment database, and perform fish identification at the fishway entrance on the characteristic data of the reflected signal in the water according to the fish acoustic characteristic data, thereby obtaining fish identification data at the fishway entrance; In this embodiment, an expert experiment database is accessed, which stores a large amount of knowledge base information and conclusions obtained through experiments, and then the acoustic feature data of known fish are extracted from the database, including the sound wave reflection characteristics of different types of fish in different environments (for example, echo time, spectrum distribution, etc.). Based on these data, a machine learning algorithm (such as a support vector machine or a deep learning model) is used to classify and identify the characteristic data of the reflected signal in the water. Finally, the fish existing at the entrance of the main fishway are identified to form the fish identification data at the fishway entrance.

[0044] Step S24: integrating the imported fish characteristics of the fish identification data at the fishway entrance according to the characteristic data of the water reflection signal, thereby obtaining the fish characteristic data of the fish entrance of the fishway.

[0045] In this embodiment, the fish information identified at the fishway entrance is combined with the corresponding acoustic feature data to form a comprehensive data set, which contains detailed features of each fish (such as species, body length, quantity, etc.). Feature integration is performed based on their acoustic feature data (such as body size, quantity, distribution density, etc.). For example, by analyzing the reflection intensity and frequency of different fish, their body size (such as length, width, weight) and relative quantity (such as group aggregation) can be estimated. In this process, statistical analysis methods (such as regression analysis) are used to verify the relationship between the reflected signal and the actual size and quantity of the fish, so as to construct a complete fish feature database. The intensity of the reflected sound wave signal of larger fish is significantly higher than that of small fish, and the intensity data can help estimate the size of the fish. The time delay of the signal echo can be used to calculate the depth of the fish from the detector, thereby inferring the spatial distribution of the fish school. Fish of different species and sizes have different frequency responses to sound waves, and analyzing these changes can further identify the species and estimate the number.

[0046] Optionally, step S3 specifically includes: Step S31: selecting the flow rate of the main fishway according to the fish characteristic data at the fishway entrance, the hydrological data of the dam hub river section area, and the meteorological data of the dam hub river section area, so as to obtain the flow rate data of the main fishway; In this embodiment, the swimming ability of fish at the fishway inlet is evaluated based on the fish characteristic data including the type and body shape of the fish, and combined with the environmental data of the hydrological data of the dam hub river section area and the meteorological data of the dam hub river section area, so as to obtain the swimming ability of fish under different body shapes and different environmental conditions. Then, the flow rate of the main fishway is selected according to the swimming ability of the fish.

[0047] Step S32: selecting the operating water depth based on the fish characteristic data at the fishway inlet, thereby obtaining the operating water depth data of the main fishway; In this embodiment, the appropriate water depth of the fishway for imported fish is selected based on the relationship between fish passage efficiency and water depth contained in the expert experiment database.

[0048] Step S33: Select the corresponding operating flow rate based on the main fishway operating water depth data, so as to obtain the main fishway operating flow rate data.

[0049] In this embodiment, after obtaining the operating water depth data of the main fishway, the flow rate corresponding to the operating water depth is selected from the expert experiment database to obtain the operating flow rate data of the main fishway.

[0050] Optionally, step S31 is specifically: Step S311: extracting fish species characteristics and fish body shape characteristics from the fish feature data of the fishway entrance, thereby obtaining fish species and body shape data; In this embodiment, the fish species and fish body sizes included in the fish characteristic data at the fishway entrance are extracted to obtain fish species and body size data.

[0051] Step S312: obtaining fish swimming characteristic data through an expert experiment database, wherein the fish swimming characteristic data includes swimming characteristic data of each fish in different body shapes, swimming characteristic data of each fish in different seasons, and swimming characteristic data of each fish at different temperatures; In this embodiment, swimming characteristic data of different fish species are collected through the expert experiment database. These data include the swimming speed and endurance of each fish species in different body sizes (such as juvenile and mature body sizes), as well as the swimming performance in different seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter) and temperatures (such as 10°C, 20°C, 30°C). Taking zebrafish as an example, experiments show that its swimming ability in high summer temperatures (30°C) is significantly better than that in low winter temperatures (10°C). These data are organized into a structured database for subsequent analysis.

[0052] Step S313: evaluating the seasonal swimming ability of fishes based on the fishes' swimming characteristic data, the fishes' body size data, the dam hub river section area hydrological data, and the dam hub river section area meteorological data, thereby obtaining the fishes' seasonal swimming ability data; In this embodiment, the seasonal swimming ability of fish is evaluated by combining the fish species and body data, hydrological data (such as flow rate, depth, etc.) and meteorological data (such as temperature, precipitation, etc.). For example, by establishing a multivariate regression model, the swimming characteristics of carp in different seasons and different hydrological conditions are correlated with their body data, so as to obtain the swimming ability index under high flow conditions in spring and form the seasonal swimming ability data of fish.

[0053] Step S314: selecting the main fishway running flow rate according to the seasonal swimming ability data of the fish, thereby obtaining the main fishway running flow rate data.

[0054] In this embodiment, the flow rate of the main fishway is selected based on the seasonal swimming ability data of fish. The flow rate adjustment strategy will be designed according to the swimming ability of different fish in a specific season. For example, if carp has the strongest swimming ability in summer, the flow rate of the main fishway in summer can be set to 1.5 m / s to ensure that it can pass smoothly. At the same time, through real-time monitoring of the flow rate of the fishway and the data feedback of the passage of fish, the flow rate is dynamically adjusted to optimize the use efficiency of the fishway.

[0055] Optionally, step S32 is specifically: Based on the characteristic data of fish imported into the fishway, the water depth of the fishway chamber for the fishway is selected from the expert experimental database - the efficiency relationship curve; In this embodiment, according to the species, size and quantity characteristics of the fish at the fishway entrance, the water depth of the fishway chamber - the passing efficiency relationship curve of the fish is selected from the expert experiment database; According to the water depth of the fishway pool - the operating water depth range is divided by the efficiency curve, so as to obtain the water depth of the fishway pool - the interval is divided by the efficiency range; In this embodiment, based on the water depth-passing efficiency relationship curve obtained in the first step, the operating range of the water depth is delineated. Specifically, by setting an efficiency threshold (such as 80%), the water depth interval corresponding to the efficiency is identified. Interpolation methods (such as spline interpolation) can be used to refine the curve to ensure that the obtained water depth range is scientific and operational. Construct a new area to represent the water depth-passing efficiency range of fish. This can be achieved by taking multiple water depth points, calculating the corresponding maximum and minimum values ​​of the passing efficiency, and forming range data including the optimal operating range and the allowable operating range. The range curve can be drawn using visualization tools (such as Matplotlib) to intuitively display the efficiency changes at different water depths.

[0056] Based on the water depth of the fishway chamber - the high through-efficiency operating water depth is selected according to the through-efficiency range, so as to obtain the main fishway operating water depth data.

[0057] In this embodiment, the interval is divided according to the water depth of the fishway pool - the range of passing efficiency, and the operating water depth with high passing efficiency is selected. Combined with the characteristics of the fish, a comprehensive judgment is made, and an efficient operation standard (such as passing efficiency ≥ 90%) is set, and the water depth that meets the standard is screened out from the interval. An optimization algorithm (such as a genetic algorithm) can be used to improve the accuracy of the selection, and finally obtain the operating water depth data of the main fishway. Assume that the selected fish is grass carp of the carp family. By analyzing the experimental data, it is found that its passing efficiency relationship curve at a water depth of 0.5~2.0 meters is a monotonically decreasing curve. When dividing the operating water depth range, it is found that the water depth interval corresponding to ≥1 efficiency is 0.5~1.1 meters; the water depth is in the range of 1.1~1.6 meters, and the passing efficiency drops to an average value of about 0.7; the water depth is in the range of 1.6~2.0 meters, and the passing efficiency is only about an average value of 0.3. Based on this, the water depth of the fishway pool of 0.5~1.1 meters can be used as the operating water depth of the main fishway to achieve the best fish passage efficiency.

[0058] Optionally, step S4 is specifically: According to the flow data of the main fishway and the flow data of the Daniel steep slope fishway, the auxiliary control flow is calculated by the auxiliary control flow calculation formula to obtain the auxiliary control flow data, wherein the auxiliary control flow calculation formula is specifically as follows: ; in, To assist in regulating flow, The flow rate of the main fishway is Flow for the Daniel Steep Fishway.

[0059] Optionally, step S5 specifically includes: Step S51: acquiring the water level sensing data of the movable gate through the water level sensor, and calculating the water level difference before and after the gate for the water level sensing data of the movable gate, thereby obtaining the water level difference data before and after the gate; In this embodiment, the water level data before and after the gate is monitored in real time by a water level sensor installed at the position of the movable gate. The sensor uses high-precision ultrasonic measurement technology and has a measurement error of ±1mm to ensure the accuracy of the data. The sensor regularly collects water level data at a frequency of 1 second to obtain the front water level (H1) and the rear water level (H2). Subsequently, the water level difference (ΔH=H1-H2) is calculated and used for subsequent flow and opening calculations. In order to ensure the reliability of the data, a multi-point verification mechanism can be set to filter out abnormal values ​​and ensure that the final water level difference data is accurate.

[0060] Step S52: Calculate the submerged orifice area according to the water level difference data before and after the gate and the auxiliary control flow data, and use the submerged orifice area calculation formula to obtain the submerged orifice area data, wherein the submerged orifice area calculation formula is specifically: ; in, is the flooded orifice area, To assist in regulating flow, is the flow coefficient, To calculate the hydraulic head, is the acceleration due to gravity; Step S53: Calculating the opening degree of the movable gate according to the submerged orifice area data, thereby obtaining the opening degree data of the movable gate; In this embodiment, after obtaining the flooded orifice area A, the opening degree of the movable gate is further calculated. The calculation formula of the opening degree θ is θ=(A / A_max)*100%, where A_max is the maximum openable orifice area. Here, A_max needs to be defined in advance according to the design parameters of the gate to ensure the accuracy of the calculation.

[0061] Step S54: Transmit the movable gate opening degree data to the gate opening degree controller to execute the gate opening task.

[0062] In this embodiment, after the calculation of the opening degree data of the active gate is completed, the data is transmitted to the gate opening controller through a wired or wireless communication module. The controller can be a PLC (programmable logic controller) or a dedicated industrial control unit, which can receive, process and execute the gate opening task. In order to ensure the security and real-time performance of data transmission, an industrial-grade communication protocol (such as Modbus or CAN bus) is adopted. After receiving the opening data, the controller will control the actual opening angle of the gate through the actuator, and monitor the actual opening state of the gate through the feedback system to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the opening adjustment.

[0063] Optionally, step S7 specifically includes: Step S71: During the process of opening the control gate, the error of the expected operation water depth of the main fishway is calculated for the dynamic data of the water flow characteristics of the main fishway according to the operation water depth data of the main fishway, so as to obtain the error data of the expected operation water depth of the main fishway; the error of the expected operation flow velocity of the main fishway is calculated for the dynamic data of the water flow characteristics of the main fishway according to the operation flow velocity data of the main fishway, so as to obtain the error data of the expected operation flow velocity of the main fishway; In this embodiment, during the opening of the control gate, the expected operating water depth of the main fishway is calculated with the operating water depth in the dynamic data of the water flow characteristics of the main fishway to obtain the expected operating water depth error data of the main fishway. The expected operating flow velocity of the main fishway is calculated with the operating flow velocity in the dynamic data of the flow velocity characteristics of the main fishway to obtain the expected operating flow velocity error data of the main fishway.

[0064] Step S72: performing Daniel steep slope fishway desired flow velocity error calculation on Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity dynamic data according to Daniel steep slope fishway flow data, thereby obtaining Daniel steep slope fishway desired flow velocity error data; In this embodiment, an error calculation is performed between the expected flow rate included in the Daniel steep slope fishway flow rate and the Daniel steep slope fishway flow rate to obtain the expected flow rate error data of the Daniel steep slope fishway.

[0065] Step S73: integrating the expected operating water depth error data of the main fishway, the expected operating flow velocity error data of the main fishway, and the expected flow velocity error data of the Daniel steep slope fishway, so as to obtain expected water flow characteristic error data; In this embodiment, the expected operating depth error and velocity error of the main fishway and the expected velocity error of the Daniel steep slope fishway are integrated. These error data are combined into a comprehensive index through weighted average or simple summation to form the expected water flow characteristic error data. This comprehensive data reflects the overall state of the water flow characteristics and provides data support for subsequent regulation.

[0066] Step S74: evaluating the fish passing effect per unit time according to the dynamic data of upstream fish at the exit of the steep slope fishway, thereby obtaining the fish passing effect data of upstream fish at the exit of the steep slope fishway; In this embodiment, the fish passing effect per unit time is evaluated based on the fish dynamic monitoring data at the steep slope fishway exit. For example, assuming that 100 fish successfully pass through the exit within one hour of observation, the fish passing rate per minute is calculated based on this data (e.g., about 1.67 fish per minute).

[0067] Step S75: evaluating the effectiveness of gate regulation based on the expected water flow characteristic error data and the upstream fish passing effect data at the steep slope fishway exit, thereby obtaining gate regulation effectiveness data; In this embodiment, the effectiveness of gate control is evaluated based on the integrated expected water flow characteristic error data and the fish passing effect data at the steep slope fishway exit. By comparing with the expected results and the actual measurement results, it is determined whether the current gate control measures have achieved the preset goals. If the evaluation results show that the effectiveness is insufficient, the opening needs to be adjusted to improve the water flow conditions and fish passing effect of the fishway.

[0068] Step S76: Iteratively optimize the gate opening degree according to the gate control effectiveness data to obtain optimized active gate opening degree data, and transmit it to the gate opening controller to execute the gate opening optimization task until the fishway water flow characteristic value and fish passing effect reach the preset target.

[0069] In this embodiment, if at least one of the water flow characteristic error and the fish passing effect in the gate control effectiveness data fails to reach the preset target, the monitoring data at that moment will be transmitted to the expert decision-making module for re-analysis to obtain a new round of auxiliary control parameters and gate opening parameters. After multiple iterative optimizations, the data obtained by the monitoring module will simultaneously meet the preset fish passing effect and water flow characteristic error conditions.

[0070] Optionally, the present invention further provides a fishway pool water depth control system for executing the fishway pool water depth control method as described above, the fishway pool water depth control system comprising: The information acquisition module is used to obtain the hydrological data of the dam hub river section area and the meteorological data of the dam hub river section area; obtain the active gate water level sensor data through the water level sensor, and calculate the Daniel steep slope fishway flow according to the active gate water level sensor data, so as to obtain the Daniel steep slope fishway flow data; The fish identification module at the fishway entrance is used to obtain the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the main fishway entrance through the ultrasonic fish finder, and integrate the characteristics of the fish at the fishway entrance according to the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the main fishway entrance, so as to obtain the characteristic data of the fish at the fishway entrance; The expert decision-making module is used to select the water flow characteristics of the main fishway according to the fish characteristics data of the fishway entrance and the hydrological data of the dam hub river section area, so as to obtain the main fishway operation flow data, the main fishway operation flow velocity data and the main fishway operation water depth data; An auxiliary control flow calculation module is used to calculate the auxiliary control flow according to the main fishway operation flow data and the Daniel steep slope fishway flow data, so as to obtain the auxiliary control flow data; The control execution module is used to calculate the opening degree of the active gate according to the water level sensor data of the active gate and the auxiliary control flow data, so as to obtain the opening degree data of the active gate; and transmit the opening degree data of the active gate to the gate opening controller to execute the gate opening task; A monitoring module is used to obtain the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the exit of the Daniel steep slope fishway through an ultrasonic fish finder, and to perform dynamic monitoring of fish upstream at the exit of the steep slope fishway based on the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the exit of the Daniel steep slope fishway, thereby obtaining dynamic data of fish upstream at the exit of the steep slope fishway; to obtain real-time main fishway flow velocity data and real-time Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity data through a flow meter, and to perform dynamic monitoring of the Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity based on the real-time Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity data, thereby obtaining dynamic data of the Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity; to obtain real-time main fishway water depth data through a water level sensor, and to perform dynamic monitoring of the main fishway water flow characteristics based on the real-time main fishway water depth data and the real-time main fishway flow velocity data, thereby obtaining dynamic data of the main fishway water flow characteristics; The gate opening degree optimization module is used to calculate the expected error of the dynamic data of the water flow characteristics of the main fishway and the dynamic data of the flow velocity of the Daniel steep slope fishway, so as to obtain the expected water flow characteristic error data; to evaluate the upstream fish passing effect based on the dynamic data of the upstream fish at the steep slope fishway exit, so as to obtain the upstream fish passing effect data; to evaluate the effectiveness of gate regulation based on the expected water flow characteristic error data and the upstream fish passing effect data, so as to obtain the gate regulation effectiveness data; to iteratively optimize the gate opening degree based on the gate regulation effectiveness data, so as to obtain the optimized active gate opening degree data, and transmit it to the gate opening controller to execute the gate opening optimization task until the fishway water flow characteristic value and the fish passing effect reach the preset target.

[0071] The fishway chamber water depth control system of the present invention can implement any one of the fishway chamber water depth control methods of the present invention, and is used to combine the operation and signal transmission medium between various modules to complete the fishway chamber water depth control method. The internal modules of the system cooperate with each other to improve the fish passing efficiency of upstream fish.

[0072] Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative and non-restrictive from all points, and the scope of the present invention is limited by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is therefore intended that all changes falling within the meaning and range of equivalent elements of the application documents are included in the present invention.

[0073] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but should conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features invented herein.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the water depth of a fishway chamber, characterized in that: The invention is applied to a fishway chamber device installed in a dam, the device comprises a movable gate, a fixed gate, a flow separation pier, a gate opening controller, a water level sensor, a main fishway, a Daniel steep slope fishway, an ultrasonic fish finder and a flow meter, wherein the flow separation pier is arranged near the upstream exit of the main fishway, and the subsequent fishway near the upstream exit of the main fishway is divided into a movable gate channel and a fixed gate channel, a movable gate of the gate opening controller is arranged at the movable gate channel, a fixed gate is arranged at the fixed gate channel, and the Daniel steep slope fishway is arranged on the upper part of the fixed gate; the water level sensor is arranged at the front and rear sides of the movable gate; the ultrasonic fish finder is respectively arranged at the entrance of the main fishway and the exit of the Daniel steep slope fishway; the flow meter is respectively arranged at the oblique slit of the main fishway, the movable gate channel and the fixed gate channel; the water depth control method of the fishway chamber comprises the following steps: Step S1: obtaining hydrological data of the dam hub river section area and meteorological data of the dam hub river section area; obtaining the active gate water level sensor data through the water level sensor, and calculating the Daniel steep slope fishway flow according to the active gate water level sensor data, thereby obtaining the Daniel steep slope fishway flow data; Step S2: obtaining the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the entrance of the main fishway through an ultrasonic fish finder, and integrating the characteristics of the fish at the entrance of the fishway according to the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the entrance of the main fishway, so as to obtain the characteristic data of the fish at the entrance of the fishway; Step S3: selecting the water flow characteristics of the main fishway according to the fish characteristic data at the fishway entrance and the hydrological data of the dam hub river section area, so as to obtain the main fishway operation flow data, the main fishway operation flow velocity data and the main fishway operation water depth data; Step S4: Calculate the auxiliary control flow rate according to the main fishway operation flow rate data and the Daniel steep slope fishway flow rate data, so as to obtain the auxiliary control flow rate data; Step S5: Calculate the opening degree of the active gate according to the water level sensor data of the active gate and the auxiliary control flow data, so as to obtain the opening degree data of the active gate; transmit the opening degree data of the active gate to the gate opening controller to execute the gate opening task; Step S6: obtaining the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the exit of the Daniel steep slope fishway through an ultrasonic fish finder, and dynamically monitoring the upstream fish at the exit of the steep slope fishway based on the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the exit of the Daniel steep slope fishway, thereby obtaining the dynamic data of the upstream fish at the exit of the steep slope fishway; obtaining the real-time main fishway flow velocity data and the real-time Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity data through a flow meter, and dynamically monitoring the Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity based on the real-time Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity data, thereby obtaining the dynamic data of the Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity; obtaining the real-time main fishway water depth data through a water level sensor, and dynamically monitoring the main fishway water flow characteristics based on the real-time main fishway water depth data and the real-time main fishway flow velocity data, thereby obtaining the main fishway water flow characteristics dynamic data; Step S7: Calculate the expected error of the dynamic data of the water flow characteristics of the main fishway and the dynamic data of the flow velocity of the Daniel steep slope fishway, so as to obtain the expected water flow characteristic error data; evaluate the upstream fish passage effect based on the dynamic data of the upstream fish at the steep slope fishway exit, so as to obtain the upstream fish passage effect data; evaluate the effectiveness of gate regulation based on the expected water flow characteristic error data and the upstream fish passage effect data, so as to obtain the gate regulation effectiveness data; iteratively optimize the gate opening degree according to the gate regulation effectiveness data, so as to obtain the optimized active gate opening degree data, and transmit it to the gate opening controller to execute the gate opening optimization task until the fishway water flow characteristic value and the fish passage effect reach the preset target.

2. The method for controlling the water depth of a fishway chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1 is specifically as follows: Obtain hydrological data of the dam hub river section area and meteorological data of the dam hub river section area; Acquire the water level sensing data of the movable gate through the water level sensor, and extract the water level characteristics of the upstream of the dam from the water level sensing data of the movable gate, so as to obtain the water level data of the upstream of the dam; The flow velocity data of the Daniel Steep Fish Pass was obtained by using a current meter; The flow rate of the Daniel Steep Slope Fishway is calculated based on the flow velocity data of the Daniel Steep Slope Fishway and the water level data upstream of the dam, thereby obtaining the flow data of the Daniel Steep Slope Fishway.

3. The method for controlling the water depth of a fishway chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S2 is specifically as follows: Step S21: Acquiring acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the entrance of the main fishway through an ultrasonic fish finder; Step S22: integrating reflection signal characteristics based on the underwater acoustic wave reflection signal data at the main fishway entrance, thereby obtaining underwater reflection signal characteristic data; Step S23: Acquire fish acoustic characteristic data through the expert experiment database, and perform fish identification at the fishway entrance on the characteristic data of the reflected signal in the water according to the fish acoustic characteristic data, thereby obtaining fish identification data at the fishway entrance; Step S24: integrating the imported fish characteristics of the fish identification data at the fishway entrance according to the characteristic data of the water reflection signal, thereby obtaining the fish characteristic data of the fish entrance of the fishway.

4. The method for controlling the water depth of a fishway chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S3 is specifically as follows: Step S31: selecting the flow rate of the main fishway according to the fish characteristic data of the fishway inlet, the hydrological data of the dam hub river section area, and the meteorological data of the dam hub river section area, so as to obtain the flow rate data of the main fishway; Step S32: selecting the operating water depth based on the fish characteristic data at the fishway inlet, thereby obtaining the operating water depth data of the main fishway; Step S33: Select the corresponding operating flow rate based on the main fishway operating water depth data, so as to obtain the main fishway operating flow rate data.

5. The method for controlling the water depth of a fishway chamber according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step S31 is specifically as follows: Step S311: extracting fish species characteristics and fish body shape characteristics from the fish feature data of the fishway entrance, thereby obtaining fish species and body shape data; Step S312: obtaining fish swimming characteristic data through an expert experiment database, wherein the fish swimming characteristic data includes swimming characteristic data of each fish in different body shapes, swimming characteristic data of each fish in different seasons, and swimming characteristic data of each fish at different temperatures; Step S313: evaluating the seasonal swimming ability of fishes based on the fishes' swimming characteristic data, the fishes' body size data, the dam hub river section area hydrological data, and the dam hub river section area meteorological data, thereby obtaining the fishes' seasonal swimming ability data; Step S314: selecting the main fishway running flow rate according to the seasonal swimming ability data of the fish, thereby obtaining the main fishway running flow rate data.

6. The method for controlling the water depth of a fishway chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S32 is specifically as follows: Based on the characteristic data of fish imported into the fishway, the water depth of the fishway chamber for the fishway is selected from the expert experimental database - the efficiency relationship curve; According to the water depth of the fishway pool - the operating water depth range is divided by the efficiency curve, so as to obtain the water depth of the fishway pool - the interval is divided by the efficiency range; Based on the water depth of the fishway chamber - the high through-efficiency operating water depth is selected according to the through-efficiency range, so as to obtain the main fishway operating water depth data.

7. The method for controlling the water depth of a fishway chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S4 is specifically as follows: According to the flow data of the main fishway and the flow data of the Daniel steep slope fishway, the auxiliary control flow is calculated by the auxiliary control flow calculation formula to obtain the auxiliary control flow data, wherein the auxiliary control flow calculation formula is specifically as follows: ； in, To assist in regulating flow, The flow rate of the main fishway is Flow for the Daniel Steep Fishway.

8. The method for controlling the water depth of a fishway chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S5 is specifically as follows: Step S51: acquiring the water level sensing data of the movable gate through the water level sensor, and calculating the water level difference before and after the gate for the water level sensing data of the movable gate, thereby obtaining the water level difference data before and after the gate; Step S52: Calculate the submerged orifice area according to the water level difference data before and after the gate and the auxiliary control flow data, and use the submerged orifice area calculation formula to obtain the submerged orifice area data, wherein the submerged orifice area calculation formula is specifically: ； in, is the flooded orifice area, To assist in regulating flow, is the flow coefficient, To calculate the hydraulic head, is the acceleration due to gravity; Step S53: Calculating the opening degree of the movable gate according to the submerged orifice area data, thereby obtaining the opening degree data of the movable gate; Step S54: Transmit the movable gate opening degree data to the gate opening degree controller to execute the gate opening task.

9. The method for controlling the water depth of a fishway chamber according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step S7 is specifically as follows: Step S71: During the process of opening the control gate, the error of the expected operation water depth of the main fishway is calculated for the dynamic data of the water flow characteristics of the main fishway according to the operation water depth data of the main fishway, so as to obtain the error data of the expected operation water depth of the main fishway; the error of the expected operation flow velocity of the main fishway is calculated for the dynamic data of the water flow characteristics of the main fishway according to the operation flow velocity data of the main fishway, so as to obtain the error data of the expected operation flow velocity of the main fishway; Step S72: performing Daniel steep slope fishway desired flow velocity error calculation on Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity dynamic data according to Daniel steep slope fishway flow data, thereby obtaining Daniel steep slope fishway desired flow velocity error data; Step S73: integrating the expected operating water depth error data of the main fishway, the expected operating flow velocity error data of the main fishway, and the expected flow velocity error data of the Daniel steep slope fishway, so as to obtain expected water flow characteristic error data; Step S74: evaluating the fish passing effect per unit time according to the dynamic data of upstream fish at the exit of the steep slope fishway, thereby obtaining the fish passing effect data of upstream fish at the exit of the steep slope fishway; Step S75: evaluating the effectiveness of gate regulation based on the expected water flow characteristic error data and the fish passage effect data of upstream fish at the steep slope fishway exit, thereby obtaining gate regulation effectiveness data; Step S76: Iteratively optimize the gate opening degree according to the gate control effectiveness data to obtain optimized active gate opening degree data, and transmit it to the gate opening controller to execute the gate opening optimization task until the fishway water flow characteristic value and fish passing effect reach the preset target.

10. A fishway chamber water depth control system, characterized in that: Used to execute the method for controlling the water depth of a fishway chamber as claimed in claim 1, the water depth control system of the fishway chamber comprises: The information acquisition module is used to obtain the hydrological data of the dam hub river section area and the meteorological data of the dam hub river section area; obtain the active gate water level sensor data through the water level sensor, and calculate the Daniel steep slope fishway flow according to the active gate water level sensor data, so as to obtain the Daniel steep slope fishway flow data; The fish identification module at the fishway entrance is used to obtain the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the main fishway entrance through the ultrasonic fish finder, and integrate the characteristics of the fish at the fishway entrance according to the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the main fishway entrance, so as to obtain the characteristic data of the fish at the fishway entrance; The expert decision-making module is used to select the water flow characteristics of the main fishway according to the fish characteristics data of the fishway entrance and the hydrological data of the dam hub river section area, so as to obtain the main fishway operation flow data, the main fishway operation flow velocity data and the main fishway operation water depth data; An auxiliary control flow calculation module is used to calculate the auxiliary control flow according to the main fishway operation flow data and the Daniel steep slope fishway flow data, so as to obtain the auxiliary control flow data; The control execution module is used to calculate the opening degree of the active gate according to the water level sensor data of the active gate and the auxiliary control flow data, so as to obtain the opening degree data of the active gate; and transmit the opening degree data of the active gate to the gate opening controller to execute the gate opening task; A monitoring module is used to obtain the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the exit of the Daniel steep slope fishway through an ultrasonic fish finder, and to perform dynamic monitoring of fish upstream at the exit of the steep slope fishway based on the acoustic wave reflection signal data in the water at the exit of the Daniel steep slope fishway, thereby obtaining dynamic data of fish upstream at the exit of the steep slope fishway; to obtain real-time main fishway flow velocity data and real-time Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity data through a flow meter, and to perform dynamic monitoring of the Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity based on the real-time Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity data, thereby obtaining dynamic data of the Daniel steep slope fishway flow velocity; to obtain real-time main fishway water depth data through a water level sensor, and to perform dynamic monitoring of the main fishway water flow characteristics based on the real-time main fishway water depth data and the real-time main fishway flow velocity data, thereby obtaining dynamic data of the main fishway water flow characteristics; The gate opening degree optimization module is used to calculate the expected error of the dynamic data of the water flow characteristics of the main fishway and the dynamic data of the flow velocity of the Daniel steep slope fishway, so as to obtain the expected water flow characteristic error data; to evaluate the upstream fish passing effect based on the dynamic data of the upstream fish at the steep slope fishway exit, so as to obtain the upstream fish passing effect data; to evaluate the effectiveness of gate regulation based on the expected water flow characteristic error data and the upstream fish passing effect data, so as to obtain the gate regulation effectiveness data; to iteratively optimize the gate opening degree based on the gate regulation effectiveness data, so as to obtain the optimized active gate opening degree data, and transmit it to the gate opening controller to execute the gate opening optimization task until the fishway water flow characteristic value and the fish passing effect reach the preset target.

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