Method for treating small erosion gully by using simple check dam

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for treating a small erosion gully by using a simple check dam, which comprises the following steps: selecting a small erosion gully to be treated, arranging check dam intervals according to the gradient of the small erosion gully to be treated and the height of the lowest point of the check dam, then removing sundries, and building the check dam; wherein the gradient change ranges from 0 degree to 5 degrees, the height of the lowest point of the check dam ranges from 15 cm to 50 cm, and the distance between the check dams ranges from 5 m to 24 m. The method has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, feasibility, low cost, easiness in popularization and application, capability of improving the availability of the degraded cultivated land and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological protection, and more specifically to a method for treating small erosion gullies, and in particular to a method for treating small erosion gullies in black soil areas in Northeast China by using gullies. Background Art

[0002] Due to the cold climate and strong freeze-thaw cycles in the Northeast, and the terrain is mostly covered with rivers and hills, rainfall is concentrated from June to September, and the crop growing period is short, resulting in serious soil erosion. According to a 2021 survey by the Songliao Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, the total number of erosion gullies in the black soil area of ​​Northeast China is 666,700, with a total length of 232,400 km and a total area of ​​4,029.57 km 2 , the gully density is 0.21km / km 2 . Nearly 90% of the gullies are developmental gullies, reaching 589,600. According to the gully length classification, gullies of 50-100m account for 12.91%; 100-500m account for 69.49%; 500-1000m account for 12.68%; and more than 1000m account for 4.92%. Gullies are mainly distributed on cultivated land. Although cultivated land accounts for only 30% of the total area of ​​the Northeast Black Soil Region, it concentrates nearly 3 / 4 of the gullies, reaching 494,800. The number, length, and gully edge area of ​​gullies in cultivated land account for 74.22%, 70.74%, and 69.11% of the Northeast Black Soil Region, respectively. On average, there are about 1.45 gullies per square kilometer of cultivated land. The gullies in the Northeast Black Soil Region directly destroyed an area of ​​4.1772 million mu of cultivated land. There are 450,100 developmental gullies in cultivated land, accounting for 90.97% of the total, and 44,700 stable gullies, accounting for 9.03% of the total. Among the developmental gullies, medium and small gullies are the main ones, accounting for 46.7% and 38.1% of the total, respectively. Small gullies are widely distributed on sloping cultivated land. As the main channel for runoff discharge, they are also key areas for non-point source pollution prevention and control. Although these gullies have relatively little impact on the surrounding environment, due to their large number, long-term existence and rapid development, they will greatly damage the usability of cultivated land, cut the surface, erode the land, lead to nutrient loss, and cause a great waste of land resources. At the same time, small gullies also have important potential impacts on the development and evolution of the slope landforms in the basin. If necessary control measures are not taken in time, these small gullies may further develop into large gullies, hinder the development of mechanical farming and precision agriculture, aggravate flood disasters, and even silt up rivers and reservoirs. Therefore, controlling and controlling small gullies is very important for protecting the ecological environment and food security in the black soil area.

[0003] As a water and soil conservation engineering measure combining artificial and natural methods, gully fences are often used to stabilize the ditch bottom, raise the ditch bed, reduce the ditch bottom gradient, prevent the ditch bottom from cutting, thereby stabilizing the ditch slope foot and preventing the ditch bank from expanding. It can control rapids by slowing down the flow rate, weakening the scouring effect, and stepping the ditch bottom, affecting the runoff migration process. In the black soil area of ​​Northeast China, gully fences are an effective water and soil conservation engineering measure. According to the different building materials used, they are generally divided into stone gully fences and plant gully fences. Stone gully fences have good stability, but low construction efficiency, high labor input, and high investment cost; plant gully fences have low costs, but poor stability, are restricted by regions and seasons, have high maintenance costs, and are difficult to achieve long-term stable control. At present, most gully erosion control projects will set up a series of gully fences in the ditch to make the ditch silt up section by section, create prerequisites for vegetation restoration, and ultimately achieve the goal of effectively controlling the deterioration trend of gully erosion and secondary disasters caused by extreme rainfall. However, how to set the number of gully fences scientifically and reasonably is a problem that has not yet been solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for controlling small erosion gullies using simple gully fences, which is suitable for the deployment of simple gully fences for controlling small erosion gullies in the Manchuan and Mangang areas of Northeast China. It can meet the goals of efficiently intercepting sediment, storing runoff and delaying the development of erosion gullies. At the same time, the gully fences also have the characteristics of stable structure, convenient construction, low investment and easy promotion.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for treating small erosion gullies using a simple gully fence comprises the following steps:

[0007] Select the small erosion gullies to be treated, arrange the distance between the gullies according to the slope of the small erosion gullies to be treated and the height of the lowest point of the gullies, then remove the debris and build the gullies;

[0008] Among them, the slope changes from 0 to 5°, the lowest point height of the valley is 15 to 50 cm, and the distance between valleys is 5 to 24 m.

[0009] Preferably, the specific arrangement of the valley spacing is shown in the following table:

[0010]

[0011] **It is not advisable to build a valley workshop.

[0012] Preferably, an overflow outlet is arranged at the center of the valley building when the valley building is constructed, and the depth of the overflow outlet at the center is ≥18 cm.

[0013] Preferably, the grain house is a dry-stone grain house or an ecological bag grain house.

[0014] Furthermore, the stone particles used in the dry-laid stone valley are 6-12 cm in size; the filler in the eco-bag valley is a mixture of 3-6 cm long corn stalks and gravel with a particle size range of 2-3 cm, wherein the gravel accounts for 10% of the total volume; the eco-bags of the eco-bag valley are arranged in parallel and staggered in pairs, with at least 20 cm of overlap between any two eco-bags, and the eco-bags are fixed with wooden stakes.

[0015] Preferably, the valley fence is constructed and grass seeds are sown along the ditch edge at the same time. When the vegetation coverage in the ditch reaches more than 80%, the valley fence is removed and the stones after removal can be used to line the ditch bottom. The fillers in the eco-bags after removal can be directly returned to the field.

[0016] Furthermore, the grass seeds are one or more of alfalfa or ryegrass, the row spacing is 10 cm, and the sowing rate is 40 kg / hm 2 .

[0017] Furthermore, when the silt accumulation reaches one-third of the height of the valley arch, dredging is carried out; when half of the gaps in the dry-laid stone valley arch are covered with silt, the valley arch is rebuilt.

[0018] Preferably, the time to build the grain mill is before spring corn planting.

[0019] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a method for treating small erosion gullies using a simple gully fence, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] First, the layout spacing is optimized, the number of gullies can be reduced by more than 20%, and a good water and sand removal effect is guaranteed, which shortens the financial pressure and time cost of gully erosion control and is easy to promote and apply on a large scale;

[0021] Second, it can improve the availability of cultivated land damaged by gully erosion. Since the constructed gully fence has a simple structure and a small size, it can be dismantled on the spot when the vegetation coverage of the gully increases to more than 80%, reducing the interference with the operation of agricultural machinery in the field.

[0022] Third, the operation plan is simple and easy to implement, which can save the time required for the design of erosion gully control plan and also bring convenience to the actual operation of grassroots construction personnel;

[0023] Fourth, the selected grain fence construction materials are easy to obtain, low-cost, and recyclable. Some materials can be directly returned to the fields, achieving the goal of green prevention and control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the dry-laid stone valley archway;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a dry-laid stone valley archway;

[0027] Figure 3 This is the plan view of Eco-Bag Valley Square;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the Eco-Double Valley Building. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] The following is a detailed explanation of how the key design parameters in the present invention affect the implementation of the scheme: focusing on comparing the effects of parameters such as the distance between valleys, vegetation coverage in the channel, stone particle size range, and valley overflow port depth, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned design parameters.

[0031] The present invention provides a method for treating small erosion gullies by using a simple gully fence, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Select the small erosion gullies to be treated, and arrange the distance between the gullies according to the slope of the small erosion gullies to be treated and the height of the lowest point of the gullies. Then remove the debris and build the gullies before sowing corn in spring. The distance between the gullies shall be arranged according to the following regulations:

[0033] The specific arrangement of the valley spacing is shown in the following table:

[0034]

[0035] **It is not advisable to build a valley workshop.

[0036] The valley is a dry-laid stone valley or an eco-bag valley. The stone used in the dry-laid stone valley has a particle size of 6-12 cm. The filling in the eco-bag of the eco-bag valley is a mixture of 3-6 cm long corn stalks and 2-3 cm gravel, wherein the gravel accounts for 10% of the total volume.

[0037] The spacing of the valley is set as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown, taking the dry-laid stone valley archway as an example, the distance (L) between points A and B is the valley archway spacing (points A and B are at the same height). A 30 cm deep water collection pit can be dug between the valley archways to facilitate soil and water conservation.

[0038] As attached Figure 2 Or as shown in 4, when the valley arch is built, an overflow outlet is set at the center of the valley arch, and the depth of the overflow outlet at the center is ≥18cm.

[0039] Attached Figure 3-4 This is a schematic diagram of the Eco-Bag Valley Square, as shown in the attached Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the eco-bags of Eco-Bag Valley are arranged in parallel and staggered in pairs, and there is at least 20cm overlap between any two eco-bags. Figure 4 As shown, the eco-bag is fixed with wooden stakes, and the wooden stakes can be 2 cm in diameter and 5 cm in length.

[0040] When building the trough, sow grass seeds along the ditch. When the vegetation coverage in the ditch reaches more than 80%, remove the trough. The stones after removal can be used to line the ditch bottom. The fillers in the eco-bags can be directly returned to the field. The grass seeds can be selected from one or more of alfalfa or ryegrass. The row spacing is 10cm and the sowing rate is 40kg / hm2. 2 .

[0041] When the silt accumulation reaches one-third of the height of the valley arch, dredging is carried out; when half of the gaps in the dry-laid stone valley arch are covered with silt, the valley arch is rebuilt.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] Experimental location: Shijianfang small watershed in Changchun City, Jilin Province, in the Manchuan Mangang area of ​​Northeast China;

[0044] Time: May 2022-September 2023;

[0045] In May 2022, an erosion gully with a gully slope of 3° and a length of 130m was first selected, with a gully edge area of ​​0.1 hectares and a catchment area of ​​3 hectares;

[0046] According to the above requirements, a total of 35cm high dams, 18cm deep overflow outlets, 17 eco-bag rafts with a spacing of 10m will be built in the ditch in April 2023; the filler is 5cm corn stalks and 10% (volume ratio) gravel (particle size 2cm); all debris on the ground within the raft outline is removed, and then alfalfa seeds are evenly spread along the ditch, with a row spacing of 10cm and a sowing amount of 4kg, and runoff and sand production are monitored at the ditch mouth; the above measures for gully erosion control are detailed in Table 1.

[0047] Table 1 Water and sediment output before and after gully erosion control

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] Example 2

[0051] Experimental location: Shijianfang small watershed in Changchun City, Jilin Province, in the Manchuan Mangang area of ​​Northeast China;

[0052] Time: May 2022-September 2023;

[0053] In May 2022, an erosion gully with a channel slope of 3° and a length of 140m was first selected, with a gully edge area of ​​0.2 hectares and a catchment area of ​​3.5 hectares.

[0054] According to the technical solution of the present invention, in April 2023, a total of 37cm high dams, 19cm deep overflow outlets, 17 dry-laid stone gullies with a spacing of 8m will be built in the ditch; the filling material is gravel (particle size 10cm); all debris on the ground within the gully contour line is removed, and then alfalfa seeds are evenly spread along the ditch, with a row spacing of 10cm and a sowing amount of 4kg. When the vegetation coverage in the ditch reaches 80% (June 2023), the gully will be removed and runoff and sediment production will be monitored at the ditch mouth; the above measures for gully erosion control are detailed in Table 2.

[0055] Table 2 Water and sediment output before and after gully erosion control

[0056]

[0057] Comparative Example 1

[0058] Experimental location: Shijianfang small watershed in Changchun City, Jilin Province, in the Manchuan Mangang area of ​​Northeast China;

[0059] Time: May 2022-September 2023;

[0060] In May 2022, an erosion gully with a channel slope of 3° and a length of 135m was first selected, with a gully edge area of ​​0.15 hectares and a catchment area of ​​2.5 hectares;

[0061] In April 2023, a total of 48cm high dams and 19cm deep overflow outlets were built in the ditch, with 17 eco-bags set randomly at intervals; the filler was 5cm corn stalks and 10% (volume ratio) gravel (particle size 2cm); then alfalfa seeds were evenly spread along the ditch edge, with a row spacing of 10cm and a sowing amount of 10kg, and runoff and sand production were monitored at the ditch mouth; the above measures for gully erosion control are detailed in Table 3.

[0062] Table 3 Water and sediment output before and after gully erosion control

[0063]

[0064] Since the construction was not carried out according to the requirements for setting the spacing between the valleys in the method of the present invention, the water and sand removal efficiency was significantly reduced compared with Example 1.

[0065] Comparative Example 2

[0066] Experimental location: Shijianfang small watershed in Changchun City, Jilin Province, in the Manchuan Mangang area of ​​Northeast China;

[0067] Time: May 2022-September 2023;

[0068] In May 2022, an erosion gully with a 3° slope and a length of 140 m was first selected, with a gully edge area of ​​0.3 hectares and a catchment area of ​​3.5 hectares;

[0069] In April 2023, a total of 68cm high dams and 18cm deep overflow outlets were built in the ditch. 30 eco-bags were built with a spacing of 7m and a filler of 5cm corn stalks and 10% (volume ratio) gravel (particle size 2cm). Then, alfalfa seeds were evenly spread along the ditch with a row spacing of 10cm and a sowing amount of 12kg. Runoff and sand production were monitored at the ditch mouth. The effects of the above measures on gully erosion control are detailed in Table 4.

[0070] Table 4 Water and sediment output before and after gully erosion control

[0071]

[0072]

[0073] Since the construction was not carried out in accordance with the requirements of the method of the present invention, compared with Example 1, although the number of silt mills increased by about 1.3 times, the water and sand removal efficiency did not increase significantly.

[0074] Comparative Example 3

[0075] Experimental location: Shijianfang small watershed in Changchun City, Jilin Province, in the Manchuan Mangang area of ​​Northeast China;

[0076] Time: May 2022-September 2023;

[0077] In May 2022, an erosion gully with a channel slope of 3.5° and a length of 180m was first selected, with a gully edge area of ​​0.35 hectares and a catchment area of ​​2.0 hectares;

[0078] According to the requirements of the scheme of the present invention, a total of 48cm high dams, 30cm high overflow outlets, 17 eco-bag valleys with a spacing of 10m will be built in the ditch in April 2023; the filler is 5cm corn stalks and 10% (volume ratio) gravel (particle size 2cm); then alfalfa seeds are evenly spread along the ditch edge, with a row spacing of 20cm and a sowing amount of 5kg, and runoff and sand production are monitored at the ditch mouth; the valleys will be demolished in June 2023, and the vegetation coverage in the ditch will be 50%; the above measures for gully erosion control are detailed in Table 5.

[0079] Table 5 Water and sediment output before and after gully erosion control

[0080]

[0081] It can be seen that since the vegetation coverage in the gully did not reach 80%, the water and sand removal efficiency was significantly reduced, and the erosion gully showed signs of further development.

[0082] Comparative Example 4

[0083] Experimental location: Shijianfang small watershed in Changchun City, Jilin Province, in the Manchuan Mangang area of ​​Northeast China;

[0084] Time: May 2022-September 2023;

[0085] In May 2022, an erosion gully with a channel slope of 3° and a length of 145m was first selected, with a gully edge area of ​​0.25 hectares and a catchment area of ​​3.7 hectares.

[0086] According to the requirements of the present invention, in April 2023, a total of 37cm high dams, 19cm deep overflow outlets, 17 dry-laid stone gullies with a spacing of 8m were built in the ditch; the filling material was gravel (particle size 3cm); all debris on the ground within the gully outline was removed, and then alfalfa seeds were evenly spread along the ditch, with a row spacing of 10cm and a sowing amount of 4kg. When the vegetation coverage in the ditch reached 80% (June 2023), the gullies were removed and runoff and sediment production were monitored at the ditch mouth; the above measures for gully erosion control are detailed in Table 6.

[0087] Table 6 Water and sediment output before and after gully erosion control

[0088]

[0089] It can be seen that the gravel particle size is too small, the grain mill is damaged by water, and the efficiency of water and sand removal is significantly reduced.

[0090] Comparative Example 5

[0091] Experimental location: Shijianfang small watershed in Changchun City, Jilin Province, in the Manchuan Mangang area of ​​Northeast China;

[0092] Time: May 2022-September 2023;

[0093] In May 2022, an erosion gully with a channel slope of 5 degrees and a length of 200m was first selected. The gully area was 0.4 hectares and the catchment area was 5.2 hectares.

[0094] According to the requirements of the present invention, in April 2023, a total of 47cm high dams, 8cm deep overflow outlets, 24 dry-laid stone gullies with a spacing of 8m were built in the ditch; the filling material was gravel (particle size 9cm); all debris on the ground within the gully outline was removed, and then alfalfa seeds were evenly spread along the ditch, with a row spacing of 10cm and a sowing amount of 4kg. When the vegetation coverage in the ditch reached 80% (June 2023), the gullies were removed and runoff and sediment production were monitored at the ditch mouth; the above measures for gully erosion control are detailed in Table 7.

[0095] Table 7 Water and sediment output before and after gully erosion control

[0096]

[0097] It can be seen that the overflow outlet depth of the valley was not set according to the design requirements, the valley was damaged by water, and the water and sand removal efficiency was significantly reduced.

[0098] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0099] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for treating small erosion gullies using a simple gully fence, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Select the small erosion gullies to be treated, arrange the distance between the gullies according to the slope of the small erosion gullies to be treated and the height of the lowest point of the gullies, then remove the debris and build the gullies; Among them, the slope changes from 0 to 5°, the lowest point height of the valley is 15 to 50 cm, and the distance between valleys is 5 to 24 m.

2. The method for treating small erosion gullies using a simple gully mill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific arrangement of the valley spacing is as follows: When the channel slope is 5°, no ravines will be built if the height is less than 15 cm. The distance between ravines with a height of 30 cm is 5 m, and the distance between ravines with a height of 50 cm is 8 m. When the channel slope is 4°, no ravines will be built if the height is less than 15 cm. The distance between ravines with a height of 30 cm is 6 m, and the distance between ravines with a height of 50 cm is 10 m. When the channel slope is 3°, no ravines will be built if the height is less than 15 cm. The distance between ravines with a height of 30 cm is 8 m, and the distance between ravines with a height of 50 cm is 12 m. When the channel slope is 2°, the distance between the 15cm high valleys is 5m, the distance between the 30cm high valleys is 10m, and the distance between the 50cm high valleys is 15m; When the channel slope is 1°, the spacing between valleys with a height of 15 cm is 8 m, the spacing between valleys with a height of 30 cm is 16 m, and the spacing between valleys with a height of 50 cm is 24 m.

3. The method for treating small erosion gullies by using a simple gully mill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The small erosion gully has a channel slope of less than 5°, a gully edge area of ​​less than 0.4 hectares, a catchment area of ​​less than 17 hectares, and a length of more than 100m.

4. The method for treating small erosion gullies by using a simple gully mill according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the valley is built, an overflow outlet is set at the center of the valley, and the depth of the overflow outlet at the center is ≥18cm.

5. The method for treating small erosion gullies by using a simple gully mill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grain house is a dry-laid stone grain house or an ecological bag grain house.

6. The method for treating small erosion gullies by using a simple gully mill according to claim 5, characterized in that: The stone particles used in the dry-laid stone valley are 6-12 cm in size; the filler in the eco-bag valley is a mixture of 3-6 cm long corn stalks and gravel with a particle size range of 2-3 cm, wherein the gravel accounts for 10% of the total volume; the eco-bags in the eco-bag valley are arranged in parallel and staggered in pairs, with at least 20 cm of overlap between any two eco-bags, and the eco-bags are fixed with wooden stakes.

7. The method for treating small erosion gullies by using a simple gully mill according to claim 1, characterized in that: While building the valley fence, grass seeds are sown along the ditch edge. When the vegetation coverage in the ditch reaches more than 80%, the valley fence is removed.

8. The method for treating small erosion gullies by using a simple gully mill according to claim 7, characterized in that: The grass species is one or more of alfalfa or ryegrass, the row spacing is 10 cm, and the sowing rate is 40 kg / hm 2 .

9. The method for treating small erosion gullies by using a simple gully mill according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the silt accumulation reaches one-third of the height of the valley arch, dredging is carried out; when half of the gaps in the dry-laid stone valley arch are covered with silt, the valley arch is rebuilt.

10. The method for treating small erosion gullies by using a simple gully mill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The best time to build a grain mill is before spring corn planting.

Images