Preparation method of aerogel composite porous material with tubular structure

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aerogel heat insulation materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an aerogel composite porous material with a tubular structure. According to the method, elastic porous foam or sponge with a tubular structure is used as a base material, a supporting shaft of a shaft-containing mold is sleeved with the base material, an axial protective sleeve is sleeved with the base material, then the shaft-containing mold is installed on an inner cavity mold to be fixed and sealed, then enough aerogel powder is injected into the mold, then pressing is conducted, and the mold is formed. After pressing is completed, pressure relief is conducted, the mold and the base are removed, finally, redundant aerogel powder on the surface of a product is removed, and the tubular aerogel composite porous material can be obtained. According to the invention, the problems of non-uniform size and shrinkage of tubular foam in the processes of dipping, gelling and supercritical drying in a traditional aerogel manufacturing method can be avoided, and the problem that a low-melting-point porous base material cannot resist the supercritical drying temperature and cannot be manufactured can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aerogel thermal insulation materials, and in particular relates to a method for preparing an aerogel composite porous material with a tubular structure. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of cylindrical batteries and e-cigarettes and the upgrading and iteration of technology, the requirements for product thermal protection are becoming increasingly stringent. Among them, the thermal runaway problem of cylindrical batteries and the thermal protection problem of e-cigarette mouthpieces have always been one of the focuses of industry attention.

[0003] Aerogel materials have been studied and applied in these fields to a certain extent. However, the processing of aerogel materials with special structures required for the tubular structure of such products is very complicated and difficult. It is very difficult to directly make hollow special-shaped structures from current aerogel sponges and aerogel foams.

[0004] Because many low-melting-point organic foams are not resistant to high temperatures and cannot withstand the supercritical drying temperature during the preparation of aerogels, it is impossible to use the impregnation, gelation and supercritical drying processes to make aerogels. In addition, the supercritical drying process of aerogels will produce a huge size shrinkage, which can easily cause the thin-walled porous materials to deform in size or even break, making them difficult to shape, especially difficult to maintain a tubular structure. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve the technical problem that the existing processes of impregnation, gelation and supercritical drying cannot produce a hollow tubular structure aerogel composite porous material; the purpose of the present invention is to produce an aerogel composite porous material with a tubular structure by directly pressing aerogel powder into an elastic porous foam or sponge with a tubular structure, thereby avoiding the elastic porous foam or sponge with a low melting point with a tubular structure from undergoing a supercritical drying process, thereby avoiding the elastic porous foam or sponge with a tubular structure from shrinking and deforming in size during supercritical drying.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems and achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A preparation method of an aerogel composite porous material with a tubular structure, using an elastic porous foam / sponge with a tubular structure as a substrate, firstly sleeve the tubular porous material on a supporting shaft of a shaft-containing mold and sleeve an axial protective sleeve, then install the shaft-containing mold on an inner cavity mold and fix and seal it, then inject sufficient aerogel powder into the inner cavity mold, and then press, maintain and release the pressure through a pressing block mold to fill the aerogel powder into the tubular porous material, remove the inner cavity mold, the shaft-containing mold and the axial protective sleeve, and finally remove the excess aerogel powder on the surface of the product to obtain a tubular aerogel composite porous material.

[0007] Further, the performance requirements of the tubular porous material are a rebound rate ≥ 35%, an air permeability ≥ 100 * 10 -10 m2, opening rate ≥70%, average pore size 0.5~2mm, initial thickness range 0.1~10mm.

[0008] Further, the aerogel powder is a single component powder, or a composite component powder of aerogel composite phase change microcapsules, or a composite component powder of aerogel composite sunscreen and phase change microcapsules, wherein the volume proportion of the phase change microcapsules powder is not more than 5% of the composite component powder, and the volume proportion of the sunscreen powder is not more than 5% of the composite powder; the average particle size of the aerogel powder is smaller than the average pore size of the tubular porous material. .

[0009] The shape of the tubular porous material can be a cylindrical tubular structure or a prismatic tubular porous material.

[0010] Specifically, the cylindrical tubular structure includes a tubular structure with a cylindrical outer shape and a cylindrical inner shape or a tubular structure with a cylindrical outer shape and a prismatic inner shape, and the shape and size of the central support shaft of the shaft-containing mold are adapted to the shape and size of the inner cavity of the tubular structure.

[0011] Specifically, the prismatic tubular structure includes a tubular structure with a prismatic outer shape and a cylindrical inner shape or a tubular structure with a prismatic outer shape and a prismatic inner shape, and the shape and size of the central support shaft of the shaft-containing mold are adapted to the shape and size of the inner cavity of the tubular structure.

[0012] According to the preferred structure required by the customer, the inner cavity of the tubular structure has a small upper diameter and a large lower diameter.

[0013] Furthermore, the axial protective sleeve is a circular cap structure made of flexible material, whose diameter is larger than the diameter of the central support shaft of the shaft-containing mold. Its usage state is to cover the remaining length of the shaft end after the tubular porous material occupies the support shaft, and does not touch or squeeze the tubular porous material.

[0014] To further illustrate the key to the preparation method, the process of filling aerogel powder into tubular porous materials is mainly achieved through three steps: pressing, pressure holding and pressure release. Pressing will realize the initial filling of aerogel powder. During the pressure holding process, the aerogel powder flows to further fill the tubular porous material. During the pressure release process, the porous material rebounds to further fill the tubular porous material. The pressing pressure is less than the maximum pressure at which the tubular porous material can rebound by more than 90%. The pressing and pressure holding time is less than the maximum time for the porous material thickness to reach more than 90%.

[0015] The structural features of the inner cavity mold and the matching shaft-containing mold are further explained. After being fixed and sealed, the shaft-containing mold and the inner cavity mold form a cylindrical structure or a box structure.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention uses an elastic porous foam or sponge with a tubular structure as a substrate, fixes the support shaft of the shaft-containing mold and the axial protective sleeve in a sealed inner cavity mold, then injects enough aerogel powder to bury the substrate, and then performs pressing, pressure maintenance, pressure relief, removes all molds, removes excess aerogel powder on the surface of the product, and then obtains a tubular aerogel composite porous material; this method can avoid the problem of uneven size shrinkage of the tubular foam during the impregnation, gelation and supercritical drying processes in the traditional aerogel production method, and can solve the problem that the low-melting-point porous substrate cannot withstand the temperature of supercritical drying and cannot be produced.

[0017] 2. The process of filling aerogel powder into tubular porous materials of the present invention is mainly achieved through three steps of pressing, pressure holding and pressure release. Pressing will realize the initial filling of aerogel powder. During the pressure holding process, the aerogel powder flows to further fill the tubular porous material. During the pressure release process, the porous material rebounds to further fill the tubular porous material. The three continuous steps of pressing-pressure holding-pressure release are the key to ensuring sufficient filling content and high filling uniformity of the tubular porous material. The sufficient content and high uniformity of aerogel filled in the tubular porous material can ensure good thermal insulation performance, and can be well used to solve the thermal runaway problem of cylindrical batteries and the thermal protection problem of electronic cigarette mouthpieces.

[0018] 3. The purpose of the present invention of sleeved axial protective sleeve on the support shaft of the shaft-containing mold is to limit the position of the tubular porous material sleeve on the support shaft, so that it will not slip off / detach from the shaft-containing mold, and at the same time avoid axial compression of the tubular porous material to produce axial deformation; and inject sufficient aerogel powder into the inner cavity mold so that its content position is higher than the top of the substrate tubular porous material, and bury the tubular porous material in the aerogel composite powder, which can ensure that the aerogel powder is pressed from the cylindrical surface of the tubular porous material, and ensure that the tubular porous material will not undergo axial deformation during the process of pressing-maintaining pressure-relieving pressure, and will not damage the tubular structure, breakage and breakage, thereby ensuring the integrity of the finished product structure and a high product yield.

[0019] 4. The tubular porous material in the present invention uses an elastic porous foam / sponge with a tubular structure as a substrate. The performance requirements of the tubular porous material are high, and the rebound rate, air permeability, and open porosity are all high. The material of the tubular porous material can be selected in many ways. The shape of the tubular porous material can be selected according to the shape of the battery or the shape of the electronic cigarette holder. The tubular porous material can meet production needs and process requirements. As a substrate, it can lay a good quality foundation for the production of high-quality and easy-to-use aerogel composite porous material products.

[0020] 5. The aerogel powder in the present invention is a single-component powder or a composite-component powder; the composite-component powder can be a composite of aerogel and phase-change microcapsules, or a composite of aerogel, a sunscreen and phase-change microcapsules; aerogel is a nano-scale porous solid material with a porosity of more than 90% and good thermal insulation performance, and its material can be SiO2 aerogel powder, Al2O3 aerogel powder, carbon aerogel powder, etc.; the sunscreen is a special material that reduces thermal radiation to a certain extent through scattering or absorption. Common sunscreens include nano-scale ZrO2 powder, SiC micropowder, nano-scale rutile TiO2 powder, etc.; phase-change microcapsules are the product of phase-change materials through microencapsulation technology. They are capsule-shaped materials containing phase-change materials inside. The capsule shell has a protective effect on the phase-change material. The addition of phase-change microcapsules can increase the phase-change heat absorption effect of the product, thereby improving the thermal insulation performance. It can be seen that aerogel powder with a single component has good thermal insulation performance. The composite sunscreen can reduce thermal radiation, and the composite phase change microcapsules can improve the thermal insulation performance, thereby ensuring that the tubular aerogel composite porous material product has good thermal insulation performance.

[0021] 6. The shaft-containing mold in the present invention is used in conjunction with the inner cavity mold, and its shape can be selected to be a cylindrical structure or a box structure. The cylindrical structure is selected so that the pressing process is carried out along the axial direction of the supporting shaft of the shaft-containing mold, and the box structure is selected so that the pressing process is carried out along the vertical axial direction of the supporting shaft of the shaft-containing mold. Both methods can ensure that the aerosolized powder is pressed into the cylindrical surface of the tubular porous material, and ensure that the tubular porous material will not undergo axial deformation during the pressing-pressure holding-pressure release process, and will not damage the tubular structure, break or break, thereby ensuring the integrity of the finished product structure and a high product yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of axially pressing the tubular structure of the aerogel composite porous material of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of vertical axial pressing of the tubular structure of the aerogel composite porous material of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a cylindrical tubular porous material in the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a prismatic tubular porous material in the present invention; In the figure, 1-tubular porous material I, 2-shaft-containing mold I, 3-axial protective sleeve I, 4-inner cavity mold I, 5-aerogel powder I, 6-briquetting mold I, 7-aerogel composite porous material finished product I; 1'-tubular porous material II, 2'-shaft-containing mold II, 3'-axial protective sleeve II, 4'-inner cavity mold II, 5'-aerogel powder II, 6'-briquetting mold II, 7'-aerogel composite porous material finished product II; S1 is the process of sleeve shaft, S2 is the process of mold installation, S3 is the process of injecting aerogel powder, S4 is the process of sealing and pressing, S5 is the process of pressure holding, S6 is the process of pressure relief, S7 is the process of demolding, S8 is the process of shaft removal, and S9 is the process of product surface cleaning; A1~A10 are the status displays of the above processes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention provides a method for preparing an aerogel composite porous material with a tubular structure. The method uses an elastic porous foam / sponge with a tubular structure as a substrate, referred to as a tubular porous material. The elastic porous foam / sponge has the following requirements: 1. The elastic porous foam / sponge requires a rebound rate of ≥35%, and the test standard is "GB / T 6670-2008 Determination of the rebound properties of soft foam polymer materials by the falling ball method".

[0024] Second, elastic porous foam / sponge requires air permeability ≥ 100 * 10 -10 m2, the test standard is "GB / T10655-2003 Determination of air permeability of polymer porous elastic materials".

[0025] 3. The material of the elastic porous foam / sponge is required to be organic open-cell foam with an open porosity of ≥70%. You can choose any one of rubber foam, melamine foam, polyester foam, silicone foam, acrylic foam, PU foam, EVA foam, XPE foam, IXPE foam, PE foam, EPP foam, PET foam, PTEF foam, PVDF foam, PVC foam, PP foam, and EPE foam.

[0026] Fourth, the initial thickness of the elastic porous foam / sponge ranges from 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably from 0.1 to 5 mm.

[0027] 5. The average pore size of the elastic porous foam / sponge is 0.5~2mm, and the average particle size of the aerogel powder is smaller than the average pore size of the elastic porous foam / sponge.

[0028] Embodiment 1 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a composite porous aerogel material having a tubular structure. Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps are as follows: S1, sleeve shaft process: first sleeve the tubular porous material I1 onto the support shaft of the shaft-containing mold I2, and then sleeve the axial protective sleeve I3; the purpose of adding the axial protective sleeve is to prevent the axial compression of the tubular porous material and produce axial deformation, thereby ensuring that the aerogel powder is pressed in from the cylindrical surface of the tubular porous material.

[0029] The tubular porous material I1 is a cylindrical tubular porous material, such as Figure 3As shown, it is used as a substrate with a rebound rate of 35% and an air permeability of 100 * 10 -10 m 2 , the opening rate is 70%, the initial thickness is 0.1~5mm; the shaft-containing mold I2 is a structure in which the supporting shaft is erected in the center of the circular base, such as Figure 1 The structural features of the shaft-containing mold in state A1 are shown; the axial protection sleeve I3 is a circular cap structure made of flexible material, and its diameter is larger than the diameter of the central support shaft of the shaft-containing mold I2. When used, it covers the remaining length of the shaft end after the tubular porous material I1 occupies the support shaft, and will not touch or squeeze the tubular porous material I1. Figure 1 The axial protective sleeve is shown in the A2 state.

[0030] S2, mold installation process: the shaft-containing mold I2 to which the tubular porous material I1 and the axial protective sleeve I3 are added is installed on the inner cavity mold I4, and the shaft-containing mold I2 and the inner cavity mold I4 are fixed and sealed; The shaft-containing mold I2 has an external thread between the central support shaft and the circular base, such as Figure 1 The external thread structure is displayed in the A1~A3 states shown; the inner cavity mold I4 is a hollow cylindrical structure, which has an internal thread structure corresponding to the external thread structure, which can fix the shaft-containing mold I2 and the inner cavity mold I4, and seal the bottom of the inner cavity mold I4.

[0031] S3, aerogel powder injection process: Then, sufficient aerogel powder I5 is injected into the fixed inner cavity mold I4. The aerogel powder I5 is pure SiO2 aerogel powder, and flows into the tubular porous material I1.

[0032] The height of the injected aerogel powder should be higher than the top of the tubular porous material I1 to bury it in the aerogel powder, specifically, 1.2 to 2 times higher than the length of the tubular porous material I1.

[0033] S4, sealing pressing process: then use the briquetting mold I6 to press downward against the hollow part of the top of the inner cavity mold I4. The briquetting mold I6 is a columnar structure with a circular pressing piece, and the diameter of the circular pressing piece is adapted to the inner diameter of the top of the inner cavity mold I4, so that the briquetting mold I6 can enter the inner cavity mold I4 and ensure the sealing pressing effect.

[0034] S5, pressure-maintaining process: continuously applying pressure to the briquetting mold I6, so that the briquetting mold I6 enters into the inner cavity mold I4, compresses the aerogel powder I5, and further flows to fill the tubular porous material I1.

[0035] The pressure during the pressing process and the pressure holding process is less than the maximum pressure at which the porous material can rebound by more than 90%, and the total time of the pressing process and the pressure holding process is less than the maximum time at which the thickness of the porous material can reach more than 90%. The pressing process and the pressure holding process can be carried out by a hydraulic press or a pneumatic press, and a pressure of 0.15~1.5MPa is applied to the briquetting mold I6. The pressing process is pressed from the top of the briquetting mold downward. Appropriate pressure can avoid excessive pressing of the briquetting mold during the pressing process, resulting in contact with the shaft to the protective sleeve and damage to the mold. The pressure is maintained for 5~60S.

[0036] S6, pressure relief process: the pressure on the briquetting mold I6 is released and it is pulled out, and at the same time, the pressure inside the inner cavity mold I4 is relieved, and the tubular porous material I1 rebounds, so that the aerogel powder I5 is further filled into the tubular porous material I1.

[0037] S7, demolding process: separating the inner cavity mold I4 from the shaft-containing mold I2, and recovering the aerogel powder I5 that has not entered the tubular porous material I1 during the separation process.

[0038] S8, shaft removal process: remove the axial protective sleeve I3, and remove the aerogel composite porous material finished product I7 from the central support shaft of the shaft-containing mold I2; the aerogel composite porous material finished product I7 maintains a good tubular structure, and its interior is filled with aerogel powder.

[0039] S9, product surface cleaning process: finally, the excess aerogel powder I5 on the surface of the finished aerogel composite porous material I7 is removed to obtain a tubular aerogel composite porous material.

[0040] Embodiment 2 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a composite porous aerogel material having a tubular structure. Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps are as follows: S1, sleeve shaft process: first sleeve the tubular porous material II1' onto the support shaft of the shaft-containing mold II2', and then sleeve the axial protection sleeve II3'; the purpose of adding the axial protection sleeve is to prevent the axial compression of the tubular porous material and produce axial deformation, thereby ensuring that the aerogel powder is pressed into the cylindrical surface of the tubular porous material.

[0041] The tubular porous material II1' is a prismatic tubular porous material, such as Figure 4 As shown, it is used as a substrate with a rebound rate of 36% and an air permeability of 100 * 10 -10 m 2 , the opening rate is 71%, the initial thickness is 5~10mm; the shaft-containing mold II2' is a structure in which the support shaft is erected in the center of the square base, such as Figure 2The structural features of the shaft-containing mold in state A1 shown in the figure; the axial protection sleeve II3' is a circular cap structure made of flexible material, and its diameter is larger than the diameter of the central support shaft of the shaft-containing mold II2'. When used, it covers the remaining length of the shaft end after the tubular porous material II1' occupies the support shaft, and will not touch and squeeze the tubular porous material II1'. Figure 2 Display of the axial protective sleeve in the A1 or A2 state.

[0042] S2, mold installation process: the shaft-containing mold II2' to which the tubular porous material II1' and the axial protective sleeve II3' have been added is installed on the inner cavity mold II4', and the shaft-containing mold II2' and the inner cavity mold II4' are fixed and sealed; The inner cavity mold II4' is a square box structure lacking one side. Figure 2 In the structure pointed to by 4' in the A3 state, the square base of the shaft-containing mold II2' has a mortise and tenon structure matching the box body of the inner cavity mold II4', so that the square base of the shaft-containing mold II2' can fill the missing side of the inner cavity mold II4', thereby sealing the box body structure, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 Figure A4 shows the fixed connection state of the shaft-containing mold II2' and the inner cavity mold II4'.

[0043] S3, aerogel powder injection process: Then, sufficient aerogel powder II5' is injected into the sealed inner cavity mold II4'. The aerogel powder II5' is a composite powder of SiO2 aerogel powder and nano-scale ZrO2 powder, and flows into the tubular porous material II1'.

[0044] The height of the injected aerogel powder should be higher than the height of the tubular porous material II1', so that the tubular porous material II1' is buried in the aerogel powder.

[0045] S4, sealing pressing process: then use the pressing block mold II6' to press downward against the hollow top of the inner cavity mold II4'. The pressing block mold II6' is a square pressing sheet structure with a columnar handle. The size of the square pressing sheet is adapted to the internal size of the inner cavity mold II4', so that the pressing block mold II6' can enter the inner cavity mold II4' and ensure the sealing pressing effect.

[0046] S5, pressure-maintaining process: continuously pressurizing the briquetting mold II6' so that the briquetting mold II6' enters into the inner cavity mold II4', compressing the aerogel powder II5', and further flowing and filling the tubular porous material II1'.

[0047] The pressure during the pressing process and the pressure holding process is less than the maximum pressure at which the porous material can rebound by more than 90%, and the total time of the pressing process and the pressure holding process is less than the maximum time at which the thickness of the porous material can reach more than 90%. The pressing process and the pressure holding process can be carried out by a hydraulic press or a pneumatic press, and a pressure of 0.15~1.5MPa is applied to the briquetting mold II6'. The pressing process is pressed from the top of the briquetting mold downward. Appropriate pressure can avoid excessive pressing of the briquetting mold during the pressing process, resulting in contact with the shaft to the protective sleeve and damage to the mold. The pressure is maintained for 5~60S.

[0048] S6, pressure relief process: the pressure on the briquetting mold II6' is released and the briquetting mold II6' is pulled out, and at the same time, the pressure inside the inner cavity mold II4' is relieved, and the tubular porous material II1' rebounds, so that the aerogel powder II5 is further filled into the tubular porous material II1'.

[0049] S7, demolding process: separating the inner cavity mold II4' from the shaft-containing mold II2', and recovering the aerogel powder II5' that has not entered the tubular porous material II1' during the separation process.

[0050] S8, shaft removal process: remove the axial protection sleeve II3' and remove the finished aerogel composite porous material II7' from the central support shaft of the shaft-containing mold II2'; the finished aerogel composite porous material II7' maintains a good tubular structure and is filled with aerogel powder.

[0051] S9, product surface cleaning process: finally, the excess aerogel powder II5' on the surface of the finished aerogel composite porous material II7' is removed to obtain a tubular aerogel composite porous material.

[0052] Embodiment 3 The present embodiment provides a method for preparing an aerogel composite porous material with a tubular structure, which differs from the first embodiment in that, in S3, during the injection of aerogel powder, the aerogel powder II5' is a composite powder of SiO2 aerogel powder + nano-scale rutile TiO2 powder + phase change microcapsule powder (the shell wall material is urea-formaldehyde resin, the phase change material is paraffin, the phase change temperature is 50°C, D50=2μm, and the mass content of the phase change material in the microcapsule is 65%).

[0053] The volume proportion of the nano-scale rutile TiO2 powder as the sunscreen powder is no more than 5%, the volume proportion of the phase change microcapsule powder is no more than 5%, and the average particle size of the sunscreen powder or the average particle size of the phase change microcapsule powder is no more than the average particle size of the aerogel powder.

[0054] Embodiment 4 The present embodiment provides a method for preparing a tubular aerogel composite porous material, which differs from the second embodiment in that, in S3, during the injection of aerogel powder, the aerogel powder II5' is a composite powder of Al2O3 aerogel powder + phase change microcapsule powder (the shell wall material is melamine resin, the phase change material is octadecanoic acid, the phase change temperature is 70°C, D50=2μm, and the mass content of the phase change material in the microcapsule is 80%).

[0055] The volume proportion of the phase change microcapsule powder is not greater than 5%, and the average particle size of the phase change microcapsule powder is not greater than the average particle size of the aerogel powder.

[0056] Embodiment 5 The present embodiment provides a method for preparing an aerogel composite porous material having a tubular structure, which differs from the first or second embodiment in that the inner hollow portion (inner cavity) of the tubular porous material is a conical structure with a small upper diameter and a large lower diameter, and the shape of the central support shaft of the shaft-containing mold is adapted to the shape and size of the inner cavity of the tubular porous material.

[0057] Embodiment 6 The present embodiment provides a method for preparing an aerogel composite porous material having a tubular structure, which differs from the first or second embodiment in that the inner cavity of the tubular porous material is prismatic, and the shape of the central support shaft of the shaft-containing mold is adapted to the shape and size of the inner cavity of the tubular porous material.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an aerogel composite porous material having a tubular structure, characterized in that: The method uses an elastic porous foam / sponge with a tubular structure as a base material, namely a tubular porous material. The tubular porous material is firstly sleeved on the supporting shaft of a shaft-containing mold, and then an axial protective sleeve is sleeved on the shaft end. The shaft-containing mold is then installed on the inner cavity mold and fixed and sealed. Then, sufficient aerogel powder is injected into the inner cavity mold, and then the aerogel powder is filled into the tubular porous material through a pressing block mold for pressing, maintaining pressure, and releasing pressure. The inner cavity mold, the shaft-containing mold and the axial protective sleeve are removed, and finally, the excess aerogel powder on the surface of the product is removed to obtain a tubular aerogel composite porous material.

2. The method for preparing an aerogel composite porous material having a tubular structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tubular porous material has a rebound rate of ≥35% and an air permeability of ≥100 * 10 -10 m2, opening rate ≥70%, average pore size 0.5~2mm, initial thickness range 0.1~10mm.

3. The method for preparing an aerogel composite porous material having a tubular structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aerogel powder is a single component powder, or a composite component powder of aerogel composite phase change microcapsules, or a composite component powder of aerogel composite sunscreen and phase change microcapsules, wherein the powder volume of the phase change microcapsules accounts for no more than 5% of the composite component powder, and the powder volume of the sunscreen agent accounts for no more than 5% of the composite component powder; the average particle size of the aerogel powder is smaller than the average pore size of the tubular porous material.

4. The method for preparing an aerogel composite porous material having a tubular structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tubular porous material is a cylindrical tubular structure or a prismatic tubular porous material.

5. The method for preparing an aerogel composite porous material having a tubular structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cylindrical tubular structure includes a tubular structure with a cylindrical outer shape and a cylindrical inner shape or a tubular structure with a cylindrical outer shape and a prismatic inner shape. The shape and size of the central support shaft of the shaft-containing mold are adapted to the shape and size of the inner cavity of the tubular structure.

6. The method for preparing an aerogel composite porous material having a tubular structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The prismatic tubular structure includes a tubular structure with a prismatic outer shape and a cylindrical inner shape or a tubular structure with a prismatic outer shape and a prismatic inner shape. The shape and size of the central support shaft of the shaft-containing mold are adapted to the shape and size of the inner cavity of the tubular structure.

7. The method for preparing an aerogel composite porous material with a tubular structure according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the tubular structure has a small upper diameter and a large lower diameter.

8. The method for preparing an aerogel composite porous material having a tubular structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial protective sleeve is a circular cap structure made of flexible material, whose diameter is larger than the diameter of the central support shaft of the shaft-containing mold. Its use state is to cover the remaining length of the shaft end after the tubular porous material occupies the support shaft, and does not touch or squeeze the tubular porous material.

9. The method for preparing an aerogel composite porous material having a tubular structure according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The process of filling aerogel powder into tubular porous materials is mainly achieved through three steps: pressing, pressure holding and pressure release. Pressing will realize the initial filling of aerogel powder. During the pressure holding process, the aerogel powder flows to further fill the tubular porous material. During the pressure release process, the porous material rebounds to further fill the tubular porous material. The pressing pressure is less than the maximum pressure at which the tubular porous material can rebound by more than 90%. The pressing and pressure holding time is less than the maximum time for the porous material thickness to reach more than 90%.

10. The method for preparing an aerogel composite porous material having a tubular structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaft-containing mold and the inner cavity mold are fixed and sealed to form a cylindrical structure or a box structure.

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