Roadway supporting structure and construction method

Abstract

The invention provides a roadway supporting structure and a construction method. The roadway supporting structure comprises a supporting group layer, anchoring systems, a flexible supporting belt, an adjusting system, a control unit and a sensing unit, the anchoring systems are arranged on the side portion and the top of surrounding rock, the flexible supporting belt is arranged on the inner surface of the supporting group layer and located on the top of a roadway, and the sensing unit is arranged in the top of the surrounding rock. The adjusting system is connected with the flexible supporting belt and the anchoring system on the top of the surrounding rock. The sensing unit is used for collecting a surrounding rock pressure value and transmitting the surrounding rock pressure value to the control unit, and the control unit receives the pressure value and deploys the adjusting system to adjust the pre-tightening force of the anchoring system and / or the tension of the flexible supporting belt. The invention aims at solving the problem of roadway support in a high-stress complex environment and ensuring the long-term stability and safety of a roadway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining engineering, and in particular to a tunnel support structure and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] As the mining depth increases, the ground stress in the tunnel area gradually increases. Especially in deep mining mines, high stress environment becomes a common challenge. Under high stress conditions, the surrounding rock undergoes significant stress concentration after tunnel excavation, resulting in strong deformation and damage of the surrounding rock, which in turn causes tunnel collapse and instability and support structure failure. These problems not only seriously threaten mine safety production, but also greatly increase the economic losses and maintenance costs of tunnel support.

[0003] Existing tunnel support mainly includes anchor rods, steel mesh, shotcrete and steel arches. These methods perform well in low stress environments, but have obvious limitations under high stress conditions, such as: (1) The support structure is too rigid and difficult to adapt to the deformation of the surrounding rock. Under high stress conditions, this rigid support is prone to stress concentration, leading to fracture and failure; (ii) Existing support systems mostly use evenly arranged short anchor rods with shallow anchoring depth, which makes it difficult to effectively control the deformation of deep surrounding rock. In a high-stress environment, deep surrounding rock displacement is the main problem. A single short anchor rod cannot meet the requirements of stable support due to insufficient support depth. (3) Currently, most support systems are fixed. Once installed, they are difficult to adjust according to changes in surrounding rock pressure, which makes them prone to failure during long-term use and cannot ensure the continued stability of the tunnel; (IV) The existing support system lacks effective monitoring methods and mainly relies on regular manual inspections. It is unable to respond quickly to changes in surrounding rock pressure and is unable to achieve active support adjustment.

[0004] Based on the above problems, the existing high-stress tunnel support structure cannot meet the support needs of high-stress tunnels. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new high-stress tunnel support structure and construction method, combining multifunctional support design with intelligent monitoring and control means to improve the adaptability of the support structure in a high-stress environment and the long-term stability of the tunnel. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel support structure and a construction method that can meet the needs of high-stress tunnel support.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a tunnel support structure, comprising a support layer arranged on the inner surface of the surrounding rock, an anchoring system extending from the support layer into the surrounding rock, a flexible support belt, an adjustment system, a control unit and a sensing unit, wherein the anchoring system is arranged on the side and top of the surrounding rock, the flexible support belt is arranged on the inner surface of the support layer and located at the top of the tunnel, the sensing unit is arranged in the top of the surrounding rock, and the adjustment system is respectively connected to the flexible support belt and the anchoring system at the top of the surrounding rock; The sensing unit is used to collect the surrounding rock pressure value and transmit it to the control unit. The control unit receives the pressure value and adjusts the adjustment system to adjust the preload force of the anchoring system and / or the tension of the flexible support belt.

[0007] In the above scheme, by adding flexible support belts and adjustment systems, combined with sensing units, it responds synchronously to surrounding rock deformation, adjusts the preload force of the anchoring system and the tension of the flexible support belt according to changes in surrounding rock pressure, avoids damage caused by rigid support, and solves the key technical problems of tunnel stability control.

[0008] The flexible supporting belt is a belt body with a certain tension.

[0009] Preferably, the support layer comprises a first support layer, a buffer energy absorption layer, a second support layer and a protective layer arranged in sequence from the inner surface of the surrounding rock, and one end of the anchoring system extends out of the protective layer and is connected to the adjustment system. This multi-layer structure forms a composite support structure, providing initial protection, enhancing structural rigidity and energy absorption and buffering effects.

[0010] Preferably, the buffer energy absorption layer is a high-elastic foam or a seismic energy absorption material with a thickness of 5-8 cm; the second supporting layer is a steel mesh or a high-strength composite material mesh; the protective layer is composed of sprayed high-strength fiber concrete with a thickness of 8-12 cm.

[0011] Preferably, the anchoring system includes an anchor rod and an anchor cable, wherein the anchor rod is arranged on the side and top of the surrounding rock, and the anchor cable is arranged on the top of the surrounding rock, and the adjustment system includes a first control device and a second control device, wherein the first control device is connected to the anchor cable, and the second control device is connected to the flexible support belt. The first control device may be a winch installed at the end of the anchor cable, and the anchor cable is tightened by winding the anchor cable to achieve the ability to resist subsequent loads. The second control device may be a tension wheel, which is displaced by a telescopic rod, and the displacement of the tension wheel is used to adjust the tension of the flexible support belt.

[0012] Preferably, the extension length of the anchor cable in the surrounding rock is longer than the extension length of the anchor rod. By combining the short anchor rod and the long anchor cable, effective control of surrounding rocks at different depths can be achieved.

[0013] Preferably, the sensing units are arranged in multiple radial directions of the surrounding rock, and the multiple sensing units are electrically connected to the control unit. The pressure changes at different depths of the surrounding rock can be sensed to accurately control the anchor cable preload and the tension of the flexible support belt. The radial direction refers to the direction perpendicular to the pipeline axis (i.e., the pipeline extension).

[0014] In order to avoid damage caused by rigid support, the flexible support belt is made of polyimide fiber or polymer synthetic fiber.

[0015] Preferably, the flexible support belt is attached to the surface of the support group and connected to the anchoring system.

[0016] The present invention also provides a construction method of the above-mentioned tunnel support structure, comprising: Step 1: tunnel pretreatment and preliminary support: clean the surrounding rock surface in the tunnel; spray a layer of primary concrete on the surrounding rock surface to form the first layer of the support group; Step 2, constructing other layers of the support group: laying high elastic foam or anti-seismic energy absorbing material on the surface of the first layer, and then laying steel mesh on the surface of the high elastic foam or anti-seismic energy absorbing material; Step 3: Install the anchor system: Use a drill to drill into the installation hole of the anchor system, insert the anchor system into the installation hole, and then use a curing resin anchoring agent to anchor it, and apply a certain pre-tightening force to the anchor system; then wet spray a layer of protective layer; Step 4: Install the flexible support belt: attach the flexible support belt to the surface of the support layer and connect it to the anchoring system; Step 5, installing the adjustment system: installing the adjustment system on each anchoring system at the position of the flexible support belt; Step six, installing the control unit and the sensing unit: installing the sensing unit at different depths of the surrounding rock, electrically connecting the sensing unit, the control unit and the adjustment system, and debugging each component; completing the construction.

[0017] Preferably, the construction method also includes step seven: detection and debugging: starting the sensing unit and the control unit, detecting the preload force of the anchoring system and the tension of the flexible support belt, and adjusting the preload force and tension to the design value according to the monitoring data.

[0018] Compared with the related art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. A tunnel support structure and a construction method thereof of the present invention are intended to address tunnel support problems in high-stress and complex environments and ensure the long-term stability and safety of the tunnel; Second, the combination of flexible support belts and adjustment systems achieves synchronous response to surrounding rock deformation, avoids structural damage caused by rigid support, and extends the service life of the tunnel; 3. Optimize the structure of the support layer and design it into a multi-layer structure that integrates initial support, protection, buffering and energy absorption functions, which significantly improves the overall strength and toughness of the support structure and enhances its adaptability to surrounding rock deformation; Fourth, the anchoring system adopts a multi-level support design combining long and short anchor rods, and achieves precise control by adjusting its preload force, so that the support structure can better adapt to the deformation and pressure changes of different levels of surrounding rocks, and achieve effective control of surrounding rocks at different depths; 5. A control unit and a sensing unit are added to implement monitoring and feedback control to ensure the safety and stability of the support structure during long-term use, so that it can adapt to various complex geological conditions; the intelligent expansion pressure control device (the first control device and the second control device) monitors and controls the surrounding rock pressure changes in real time, dynamically adjusts the support parameters, and ensures the optimal stress state of the support structure; 6. The tunnel support structure and construction method provided by the present invention have significant innovations and advantages, can significantly improve the stability and safety of the tunnel, are suitable for tunnel support in various complex and high-stress environments, and have broad application prospects and high promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a tunnel support structure provided by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A is an enlarged schematic diagram; Figure 3 A construction flow chart of the tunnel support structure provided by the present invention.

[0020] In the attached drawings: 1. surrounding rock; 2. anchor rod; 3. anchor cable; 4. first supporting layer; 5. buffer energy absorption layer; 6. second supporting layer; 7. protective layer; 8. flexible supporting belt; 9. first control device; 10. second control device; 11. sensing unit; 12. control unit; 13. cable; 14. supporting group layer; 15. anchoring system; 16. adjustment system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. For the convenience of description, if the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" appear in the following, they only indicate that the upper, lower, left and right directions are consistent with the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.

[0022] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, a tunnel support structure provided in this embodiment includes a support layer 14, an anchoring system 15, a flexible support belt 8, an adjustment system 16, a sensing unit 11 and a control unit 12.

[0023] The support layer 14 includes a first support layer 4, a buffer energy absorption layer 5, a second support layer 6 and a protective layer 7 which are arranged in sequence from the inner surface of the surrounding rock 1. The first support layer 4 is a preliminary support layer. The buffer energy absorption layer 5 is composed of a high elastic foam material or a seismic energy absorption material (such as polyurethane or foam aluminum material) with a thickness of 5-8 cm. The buffer energy absorption layer 5 is intended to absorb the energy generated by the deformation and stress release of the surrounding rock 1, and reduce the instantaneous impact force on the support structure.

[0024] The second support layer 6 is composed of a steel mesh or a high-strength composite material mesh. The mesh is 2-3m long, 1-1.5m wide, and the grid spacing is 10-15cm. This layer is closely attached to the surface of the buffer energy absorption layer and overlapped with each other to enhance the rigidity and toughness of the support structure.

[0025] The protective layer 7 is composed of sprayed high-strength fiber concrete (such as steel fiber reinforced concrete) with a thickness of 8-12 cm. This layer is integrated with the second supporting layer 6 to enhance the destructive strength of the supporting layer 14 and improve the overall supporting capacity of the supporting structure.

[0026] The anchoring system 15 radially extends from the support group layer 14 into the surrounding rock 1. The anchoring system 15 is arranged on the side and top of the surrounding rock 1. The anchoring system 15 includes an anchor rod 2 and an anchor cable 3. The anchor rod 2 is arranged on the side and top of the surrounding rock 1, and the anchor cable 3 is arranged on the top of the surrounding rock 1. The anchor rod 2 is used to control the deformation of the shallow surrounding rock of the tunnel. The anchoring depth is 2-3m and the installation spacing is 0.8-1.2m. During installation, a pneumatic or hydraulic anchor drilling rig is used to apply a preload of 200-300N·m to improve the bearing capacity of the shallow surrounding rock of the tunnel. The anchor cable 3 is used to limit the overall displacement of the deep surrounding rock. The anchoring depth is 5-8m and the installation spacing is 1.5-2.0m. The anchor cables 3 with longer lengths are designed with adjustable preload, that is, a first control device 9 of the adjustment system 16 is installed at the position of each anchor cable 3, and a preload of 500-800 N·m is applied through a hydraulic tensioner to further enhance the support effect and surrounding rock stability.

[0027] The flexible support belt 8 is arranged on the inner surface of the support layer 14 and is located at the top of the tunnel. The adjustment system 16 includes a first control device 9 and a second control device 10, wherein the first control device 9 is connected to the anchor cable 3, and the second control device 10 is connected to the flexible support belt 8. The flexible support belt 8 and the adjustment system 16 are used in combination to cope with the dynamic changes of deformation and pressure of the surrounding rock 1.

[0028] The flexible support belt 8 is made of polyimide fiber or polymer synthetic fiber material, has high strength, tensile strength, shear resistance and corrosion resistance, and is fixed to the surface of the support group 14 through a first control device 9 (capable of controlling the axial displacement of the anchor cable) and a second control device 10 (tensioning device). When the surrounding rock 1 undergoes continuous plastic deformation, the flexible support belt 8 plays a flexible support role, reducing the risk of hard damage to the support structure.

[0029] The adjustment system 16 can adjust the preload force of the anchor cable 3 and the tension of the flexible support belt 8, and use the control unit and the sensing unit to adjust the anchor cable preload force and the flexible support belt tension in real time according to the changes in the surrounding rock pressure, ensuring the synchronous response of the support structure and the deformation of the surrounding rock 1, and further improving the support effect.

[0030] The control unit 12 is arranged on the surface of the flexible support belt 8, the sensing unit 11 is arranged in the top of the surrounding rock 1, and multiple sensing units 11 are arranged in the radial direction of the surrounding rock 1. The multiple sensing units 11 are electrically connected to the control unit 12 through cables 13. The control unit 12 is electrically connected to the first control device 9 and the second control device 10 through cables 13 respectively.

[0031] The sensing unit 11 includes a pressure sensor group and a data acquisition and transmission module. The sensor group is arranged at different depths of the surrounding rock 1 to monitor the changes in the surrounding rock pressure in real time. The data acquisition and transmission module transmits the pressure data collected by the sensor group to the control unit 12, and then the control unit 12 sends instructions to the first control device 9 and the second control device 10 according to the preset safety threshold and the trend of the surrounding rock pressure change, so as to automatically adjust the preload force of the anchor cable 3 and the tension of the flexible support belt 8 to ensure that the support structure is always in the best stress state.

[0032] like Figure 3 As shown, the present invention also provides a construction method of the above-mentioned tunnel support structure, comprising the following steps: S1, tunnel pretreatment and initial support: S1.1, clean up loose rocks, soil and debris in the tunnel, and use compressed air or high-pressure water to clean the surface of the surrounding rock to ensure that there is no dust and debris; S1.2, a 3-5 cm thick primary concrete layer (first support layer 4) is sprayed on the surrounding rock surface using wet spraying technology to form a preliminary support to provide initial stability and protection to prevent the surrounding rock debris from falling off.

[0033] S2, construction support layer and anchoring system S2.1, constructing the buffer energy absorption layer 5: laying a 5-8cm thick high elastic foam material or seismic energy absorption material on the surface of the first supporting layer 4 to ensure that the buffer energy absorption layer 5 can effectively buffer the energy generated by the deformation or stress release of the surrounding rock 1; S2.2, construct the second support layer 6: arrange a steel mesh or a high-strength composite material mesh on the surface of the buffer energy absorption layer 5, and use a U-shaped clamp or a nail gun to overlap and fix the mesh; S2.3, according to the tunnel forming and mesh overlap fixation, select the appropriate installation position of the anchor rod 2. Use a pneumatic or hydraulic drill to drill the short anchor rod installation hole with a hole diameter of 32-40mm and a drilling depth of 2-3m, install the anchor rod 2, and apply a preload of 200-300N·m to press the tray of the anchor rod 2 against the second support layer 6. The installation spacing of the anchor rod 2 is 0.8-1.2m.

[0034] S2.4, construction of protective layer 7: high-strength fiber concrete is evenly sprayed onto the surface of the second supporting layer by wet spraying method, with the thickness controlled at 8-12 cm, to form protective layer 7, and cover the steel mesh or high-strength composite material mesh of the second supporting layer 6 and the tray of the anchor rod 2; the protective layer 7 is integrated with the second supporting layer 6 to enhance the destructive strength of the supporting layer and improve the overall supporting capacity of the supporting structure; S2.5, install anchor cable 3: select the appropriate installation position of anchor cable 3 according to the installation status of anchor rod 2. Use pneumatic or hydraulic drilling rig to drill the long anchor cable installation hole with a hole diameter of 20-28mm and a depth of 5-8m. Install anchor cable 3 and apply a preload of 500-800N·m to press the anchor cable 3 tray against the surface support layer. The installation spacing of anchor cable 3 is 1.5-2.0m; S3, installing the flexible support belt 8 and the adjustment system 16: A layer of flexible support belt 8 is arranged on the surface of the multifunctional composite support layer 14, and the flexible support belt 8 is located at the inner top of the surrounding rock 1. The flexible support belt 8 is fixed to the support structure through the fasteners of the anchor cable 3 to achieve flexible support for the surrounding rock. At the same time, the first control device 9 (anchor cable fastening control device) and the second control device 10 (flexible support belt tensioning control device) are installed to dynamically adjust the preload force of the anchor cable 3 and the tension of the flexible support belt 8 according to the actual monitored surrounding rock pressure changes to ensure the synchronous response of the support structure and the surrounding rock deformation.

[0035] S4, installation and commissioning of intelligent monitoring and control system: Pressure sensor groups are installed at different depths of the tunnel surrounding rock 1, with one sensor group arranged every 5m. The sensors are connected to the data acquisition and transmission module to transmit the data to the control center in real time. The control unit 12 automatically adjusts the anchor preload and the tension of the flexible support belt by analyzing the data in real time and using the anchor cable tightening control device and the flexible support belt tensioning control device to ensure that the support structure is in the best stress state.

[0036] S5, Inspection and maintenance after construction completion: After the construction is completed, a comprehensive inspection is carried out to ensure that all anchor rods 2, anchor cables 3, flexible support belts 8, anchor cable tightening control devices and flexible support belt tensioning control devices are working properly. The support structure is regularly inspected and maintained according to the monitoring data, and the anchor cable preload, support belt tension and stress state of the adjustment system are adjusted to ensure the long-term stability and reliability of the tunnel.

[0037] S6, verification and optimization of support effect: The above support structure and construction method are implemented in high-stress tunnels, and the surrounding rock pressure and support structure deformation are monitored in real time using an intelligent monitoring system. The support effect is evaluated based on the monitoring data, and the anchor rod and anchor cable arrangement, anchor cable preload, flexible support belt tension parameters and other support system configurations are optimized and adjusted through data analysis and model prediction to improve the overall efficiency and adaptability of the support system. Example

[0038] The tunnel support structure and construction method of the present invention are used in the main transportation tunnel of a deep zinc mine in the southwestern mountainous area. The tunnel section is a three-center arch, 4.2m wide and 3.5m high. The tunnel is buried at a depth of about 1100m and is located in a medium-hard rock layer. The maximum ground stress is about 35MPa, which is a typical high-stress tunnel. The surrounding rock has strong stress concentration and large deformation potential, and a support structure that can maintain stability for a long time is needed to cope with the dynamic changes of the surrounding rock.

[0039] The buffer energy absorption layer 5 of the tunnel support structure is 5-8cm thick polyurethane or foam aluminum material, the mesh length of the second support layer 6 is 2-3m, the width is 1-1.5m, and the grid spacing is 10-15cm. The second support layer 6 is closely attached to the surface of the buffer energy absorption layer 5 and overlapped with each other to enhance the rigidity and toughness of the support structure. The protective layer 7 is composed of sprayed high-strength fiber concrete (such as steel fiber reinforced concrete) with a thickness of 8-12cm. This layer is integrated with the core support layer to enhance the destructive strength of the support layer and improve the overall support capacity of the support structure.

[0040] The anchoring depth of anchor bolt 2 is 2-3m, and the installation spacing is 0.8-1.2m. During installation, a pneumatic or hydraulic anchor drill is used to apply a preload of 200-300N·m to improve the bearing capacity of the shallow surrounding rock of the tunnel. The anchoring depth of anchor cable 3 is 5-8m, and the installation spacing is 1.5-2.0m. The long anchor cable adopts an adjustable preload design, and a preload of 500-800N·m is applied through a hydraulic tensioner to further enhance the support effect and surrounding rock stability.

[0041] According to the on-site geological conditions and engineering requirements, the tunnel support structure of the present invention is selected, and combined with the intelligent monitoring system, the tunnel surrounding rock pressure and support status are monitored and regulated in real time. The intelligent monitoring system is used to continuously monitor the tunnel surrounding rock pressure, support structure deformation and anchor stress status for 6 months in real time. The results show that the support structure effectively controls the deformation of the high-stress tunnel surrounding rock. Compared with the traditional support method, the maximum displacement of the surrounding rock is reduced by 30%, the stability of the anchor preload is improved by 40%, and the integrity rate of the support structure reaches more than 95%.

[0042] In addition, in another deep tunnel support embodiment with a fault fracture zone, in response to the challenges of high-stress complex geological conditions, the support structure is ensured to be able to quickly respond to changes in the pressure of the broken surrounding rock by optimizing the multifunctional composite support layer material, the adjustment system and the response speed of the intelligent monitoring system. The support structure of the present invention effectively maintains the stability and safety of the high-stress broken surrounding rock tunnel.

[0043] This embodiment demonstrates the successful application of the tunnel support structure of the present invention in a typical high-stress and complex geological environment. The synergistic effect of the multifunctional composite support layer, multi-stage anchor system, flexible support belt and adjustment system and intelligent monitoring technology achieves effective control of surrounding rock pressure and synchronous response to surrounding rock deformation. The support structure shows significant stability and adaptability under dynamic high-stress conditions, further highlighting the innovation and technical advantages of the present invention in the field of tunnel support.

[0044] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel support structure, comprising a support layer (14) arranged on the inner surface of a surrounding rock (1), and an anchoring system (15) extending from the support layer (14) into the surrounding rock (1), wherein the anchoring system (15) is arranged on the side and the top of the surrounding rock (1), characterized in that: It also comprises a flexible support belt (8), an adjustment system (16), a control unit (12) and a sensing unit (11), wherein the flexible support belt (8) is arranged on the inner surface of the support layer (14) and located at the top of the tunnel, the sensing unit (11) is arranged inside the top of the surrounding rock (1), and the adjustment system (16) is respectively connected to the flexible support belt (8) and the anchoring system (15) at the top of the surrounding rock (1); The sensing unit (11) is used to collect the pressure value of the surrounding rock (1) and transmit it to the control unit (12); the control unit (12) receives the pressure value and adjusts the adjustment system (16) to adjust the preload force of the anchoring system (15) and / or the tension of the flexible support belt (8).

2. The tunnel support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support layer group (14) comprises a first support layer (4), a buffer energy absorption layer (5), a second support layer (6) and a protective layer (7) which are arranged in sequence from the inner surface of the surrounding rock (1), and one end of the anchoring system (15) extends out of the protective layer (7) and is connected to the adjustment system (16).

3. The tunnel support structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The buffer energy absorption layer (5) is a high-elastic foam or a seismic energy absorption material with a thickness of 5-8 cm; the second support layer (6) is a steel mesh or a high-strength composite material mesh; the protective layer (7) is composed of sprayed high-strength fiber concrete with a thickness of 8-12 cm.

4. The tunnel support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring system (15) comprises an anchor rod (2) and an anchor cable (3), wherein the anchor rod (2) is arranged on the side and top of the surrounding rock (1), and the anchor cable (3) is arranged on the top of the surrounding rock (1). The adjustment system (16) comprises a first control device (9) and a second control device (10), wherein the first control device (9) is connected to the anchor cable (3), and the second control device (10) is connected to the flexible support belt (8).

5. The tunnel support structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The extension length of the anchor cable (3) in the surrounding rock (1) is longer than the extension length of the anchor rod (2).

6. The tunnel support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of the sensing units (11) are arranged in the radial direction of the surrounding rock (1), and the plurality of the sensing units (11) are all electrically connected to the control unit (12).

7. The tunnel support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible support belt (8) is made of polyimide fibers or polymer synthetic fibers.

8. The tunnel support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible support belt (8) is attached to the surface of the support layer (14) and connected to the anchoring system (15).

9. A construction method for a tunnel support structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: Step 1: tunnel pretreatment and preliminary support: cleaning the surface of the surrounding rock (1) in the tunnel; spraying a layer of primary concrete on the surface of the surrounding rock (1) to form the first layer of the support layer (14); Step 2, constructing other layers of the support layer (14): laying high elastic foam or anti-seismic energy absorbing material on the surface of the first layer, and then laying a steel mesh on the surface of the high elastic foam or anti-seismic energy absorbing material; Step 3, installing the anchoring system (15): using a drilling rig to drill into the installation hole of the anchoring system (15), inserting the anchoring system (15) into the installation hole, and then anchoring with a curing resin anchoring agent, and applying a certain pre-tightening force to the anchoring system (15); and then wet spraying a layer of protective layer (7); Step 4: installing the flexible support belt (8): attaching the flexible support belt (8) to the surface of the support layer (14) and fixing it with the anchoring system (15); Step 5, installing the adjustment system (16): installing the adjustment system (16) on each anchoring system (15) at the position of the flexible support belt (8); Step six, installing the control unit (12) and the sensing unit (11): installing the sensing unit (11) at different depths of the surrounding rock (1), electrically connecting the sensing unit (11), the control unit (12) and the adjustment system (16), and debugging each component; and completing the construction.

10. The construction method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method further includes step seven: detection and debugging: starting the sensing unit (11) and the control unit (12), detecting the preload force of the anchoring system (15) and the tension of the flexible support belt (8), and adjusting the preload force and tension to the design values ​​according to the monitoring data.

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