Ultralow-temperature multidirectional loading testing machine

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ultralow-temperature environment testing materials, in particular to an ultralow-temperature multidirectional loading testing machine which comprises an upper cross beam, a stand column, a base and an ultralow-temperature cabin, the top end of the stand column is connected with the upper cross beam, the bottom end of the stand column is connected with the base, the ultralow-temperature cabin is installed on the base, and an upper platen and a lower platen are arranged in the ultralow-temperature cabin; a main oil cylinder is arranged in the base, a heat insulation assembly used for heat insulation is arranged on the bottom face of the lower platen, the output end of the main oil cylinder is connected with the heat insulation assembly, the upper cross beam is provided with an opening adjusting device connected with the upper platen, and the opening adjusting device is used for adjusting the initial opening size of the testing machine. An electric cylinder used for horizontal loading is installed on the horizontal loading beam, and the testing machine can automatically load in a single / multi-direction static state and a dynamic state under high-precision force / position control in an ultralow-temperature environment; various loading modes, especially multidirectional loading (static state, pulse, multistage and variable rate) test, temperature alternating loading test under various loads, and ultralow temperature, high humidity and vibration aging test; pulling, pressing, shearing and bending loads can be borne; and the load capacity is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ultra-low temperature environment testing materials, and in particular to an ultra-low temperature multi-directional loading testing machine. Background Art

[0002] In the field of aerospace deep space exploration, there are high requirements for the mechanical properties of the materials used in ultra-low temperature environments, especially for the strength, toughness, stiffness and fatigue resistance of materials in ultra-low temperature environments. The equipment or instruments in these fields often withstand extremely low temperatures (generally ultra-low temperature environments are -130℃ to -200℃) and dynamic and static loads in low temperature environments. In this environment, the toughness of metals and composite materials will generally decrease, showing cold brittleness, which means that they are more likely to suffer brittle fractures when loaded. In addition, in ultra-low temperature environments, the fatigue strength of these metals and composite materials will generally decrease, and the ability to resist fatigue damage under dynamic loads will also deteriorate. At the same time, with the large-scale development of spacecraft in recent years, conducting material and structural tests in ultra-low temperature environments and high load conditions is of great significance for the design of deep space exploration spacecraft. At room temperature, equipment for testing the mechanical properties of materials or structures is relatively easy to implement, while high-performance testing methods in ultra-low temperature environments are relatively limited.

[0003] At present, the tests of new materials and new structures in low-temperature environments at home and abroad are mainly to test the temperature changes of static loads of materials and components, static strength in low-temperature environments, and various properties after low-temperature aging. There are very few accurate tests on dynamic load performance in multiple directions, stiffness, and fatigue resistance in ultra-low temperature environments. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an ultra-low temperature multi-directional loading testing machine, which can realize single / multi-directional static and dynamic automatic loading under high-precision force / position control in an ultra-low temperature environment of -130°C to -200°C; multiple loading modes, especially multi-directional loading (static, pulse, multi-stage, variable rate) testing, temperature alternating loading testing under various loads, ultra-low temperature, high humidity, vibration aging testing; can withstand tension, compression, shear, and bending loads; and has a large load capacity.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A super-low temperature multi-directional loading testing machine comprises an upper crossbeam, a column, a base and a super-low temperature chamber, wherein the top end of the column is connected to the upper crossbeam, the bottom end of the column is connected to the base, the super-low temperature chamber is installed on the base, an upper platen and a lower platen are arranged in the super-low temperature chamber, a main oil cylinder is arranged in the base, a heat insulation component for heat insulation is arranged on the bottom surface of the lower platen, the output end of the main oil cylinder is connected to the heat insulation component, the upper crossbeam is provided with an opening adjustment device connected to the upper platen, the opening adjustment device is used to adjust the initial opening size of the testing machine, a horizontal loading beam is installed on the column, and an electric cylinder for horizontal loading is installed on the horizontal loading beam.

[0007] Further preferably, the thermal insulation assembly includes an insulation plate connected to the bottom surface of the lower platform, a pad is provided on the bottom surface of the insulation plate, retractable insulation belts are respectively provided on both sides of the insulation plate on the bottom surface of the lower platform, the other end of the retractable insulation belt is connected to the bottom end of the ultra-low temperature cabin, and the output end of the main oil cylinder is connected to the pad.

[0008] Further preferably, guiding rods are provided on both sides of the master cylinder, a displacement sensor for position detection is provided on the base, and a force sensor for vertical force detection is provided on the piston rod head of the master cylinder.

[0009] Further preferably, the output end of the electric cylinder is provided with a guide column in the ultra-low temperature chamber, the guide column is made of epoxy composite material, and the head of the electric cylinder is provided with a force sensor 2 for horizontal force detection.

[0010] Further preferably, the horizontal loading beam has two installation positions for electric cylinders.

[0011] Further preferably, the opening adjustment device includes a motor, the output end of the motor is connected to a commutator, the commutator is connected to a spline shaft, the spline shaft is connected to an adjusting screw, the lower end of the adjusting screw passes through the ultra-low temperature chamber and is connected to the upper platform, the commutator is provided with a rotary encoder, and a proximity switch is installed on the upper beam.

[0012] Further preferably, the top surface of the ultra-low temperature chamber has a through hole for the adjusting screw to pass through, and a sealing sleeve is provided in the through hole, and the sealing sleeve is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0013] Further preferably, an operating robot is installed on the column for assembling and disassembling the mold and the main cylinder in the ultra-low temperature chamber.

[0014] Further preferably, the testing machine further comprises an operation panel, and the operation panel has an industrial screen.

[0015] Further preferably, a low-temperature camera is installed in the interlayer of the ultra-low temperature chamber, and the testing machine also includes an operating room, in which a remote monitoring and a piano-style operating table connected to the low-temperature camera are provided.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0017] 1) The ultra-low temperature multi-directional loading test machine of the present invention can apply static, pulse and dynamic loads by vertical vibration low-friction oil cylinder loading, and static and impact loads by horizontal large-load electric cylinder loading. It solves the requirements of unidirectional and multi-directional high-precision static and dynamic loads for aerospace parts in ultra-low temperature environments of -130℃ to -200℃, temperature alternating working conditions under the above various loads, and various low-temperature aging test requirements.

[0018] 2) The loading test machine of the present invention adopts low-friction oil cylinder, electro-hydraulic servo, servo electric cylinder, external displacement sensor and encoder, stainless steel platen in ultra-low temperature chamber, epoxy composite guide column (with good low temperature resistance and low linear expansion coefficient), small low temperature deformation, high strength, no creeping in low-speed loading, high feedback signal accuracy, fast dynamic response, etc.; it solves the hardware requirements of high-precision loading. In ultra-low temperature environment, it adopts a closed-loop control system, with a maximum vertical loading force of 4000kN, a maximum horizontal loading force of 100kN, a maximum force control accuracy of up to ±0.5% FS (full scale), and a displacement control accuracy of up to ±0.02mm. The vibration frequency of the low-friction main oil cylinder is 5-30Hz, the minimum amplitude is 0.03mm back and 0.04mm forward, and the minimum loading rate is 0.02mm / s. The minimum loading rate of the horizontal loading electric cylinder is 0.02mm / s, and the displacement control accuracy can reach ±0.01mm.

[0019] 3) The ultra-low temperature chamber of the present invention adopts reverse Stirling cycle refrigeration, with the lowest refrigeration temperature reaching -200°C, the maximum temperature deviation ≤±3°C, and the refrigeration coefficient COP ≥3.2. It has the advantages of rapid cooling, humidity control, constant temperature maintenance, and rapid heating. It can greatly improve the test efficiency while meeting various test conditions; the ultra-low temperature chamber can protect the fragments flying out of the explosion, ensuring that the fragments cannot penetrate the chamber wall.

[0020] 4) The present invention solves the sealing and lubrication problems in ultra-low temperature environments of -130°C to -200°C by using a polytetrafluoroethylene sealing sleeve and utilizing the low temperature resistance and self-lubricating properties of polytetrafluoroethylene, thereby ensuring sealing reliability while having strength.

[0021] 5) The present invention solves the sealing and insulation problems of the lower part of the ultra-low temperature cabin by using telescopic insulation belts and insulation boards, ensures that the temperature outside the cabin is slightly lower than normal temperature, ensures that the oil cylinder can work normally by using the low temperature resistance of aviation hydraulic oil, and the telescopic insulation belt can be extended and retracted under the drive of the main oil cylinder.

[0022] 6) The present invention is equipped with an operating manipulator, which solves the installation and disassembly problems of the lower top cylinder, upper and lower plates, test parts and tooling, reduces the difficulty of cylinder maintenance, and reduces the labor intensity of testers in replacing parts and tooling.

[0023] 7) The low-temperature camera installed in the interlayer of the ultra-low temperature chamber and the remote monitoring and piano-style operating table installed in the operating room of the present invention can solve the problems of remote monitoring and operation and avoid the safety risks of testers in on-site testing.

[0024] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific embodiments, they are used to explain the present invention but do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra-low temperature multi-directional loading testing machine.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a side view structural schematic diagram of the testing machine of the present invention.

[0028] 1-upper beam, 2-upright column, 3-base, 4-low temperature camera, 5-ultra-low temperature chamber, 6-ladder, 7-operating manipulator, 8-horizontal loading beam, 9-electric cylinder, 10-upper platform, 11-lower platform, 12-force sensor 1, 13-force sensor 2, 14-displacement sensor, 15-insulation board, 16-pad, 17-telescopic insulation belt, 18-main cylinder, 19-guide rod, 20-motor, 21-commutator, 22-spline shaft, 23-adjusting screw, 24-screw nut, 25-guide column, 26-sealing sleeve, 27-operation panel, 28-operation room, 29-maintenance platform, 30-elevation light. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or mutual communication; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0032] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 1 and 2A super low temperature multi-directional loading test machine is mainly composed of an upper crossbeam 1, a column 2, a base 3, an opening adjustment device, a super low temperature chamber 5, a ladder 6, an operating manipulator 7, a horizontal loading beam 8, a horizontal loading electric cylinder 9, an upper platen 10, a lower platen 11, a force sensor, a displacement sensor 14, a heat insulation board 15, a hydraulic system, an operating panel 27, an electric control system, a piano-style operating table, etc. The structure adopts a four-column double-beam structure, and the fuselage structure is composed of an upper crossbeam 1, a column 2 and a base 3, that is, the bottom ends of the four columns 2 are connected to the base 3, and the top ends of the four columns 2 are connected to the upper crossbeam 1. An ultra-low temperature chamber 5 for creating an ultra-low temperature environment is installed inside the fuselage. The ultra-low temperature chamber 5 is installed in the space enclosed by the four columns 2 on the base 3, and through holes for the loading cylinder and the electric cylinder 9 are reserved on the top and side panels of the ultra-low temperature chamber 5.

[0034] A lower platform 11 is provided at the bottom of the ultra-low temperature cabin 5, and the bottom surface of the lower platform 11 is connected to an insulation board 15, and the bottom surface of the insulation board 15 is connected to a pad 16. Telescopic insulation belts 17 are respectively provided on both sides of the insulation board 15 at the bottom of the lower platform 11, and the other end of the telescopic insulation belt 17 is connected to the bottom end of the ultra-low temperature cabin 5. The telescopic insulation belt 17 is between the insulation board 15 and the pad 16 and the bottom of the ultra-low temperature cabin 5. The telescopic insulation belt 17 is respectively connected to the lower platform 11 and the ultra-low temperature cabin 5. The pad 16, the insulation board 15 and the telescopic insulation belt 17 constitute an insulation assembly. The insulation board 15 and the telescopic insulation belt 17 are used for heat exchange between the isolation cabin and the outside world, which solves the sealing and insulation problems of the lower part of the ultra-low temperature cabin 5, ensures that the temperature outside the cabin is slightly lower than the normal temperature, and ensures that the main oil cylinder 18 can work normally by using the low temperature resistance of aviation hydraulic oil.

[0035] A main oil cylinder 18 is installed in the middle of the base 3. The main oil cylinder 18 is a low-friction precision oil cylinder with a bottom-top structure. The main oil cylinder 18 is a vertical main loading power source, which is connected to the pad 16, the heat insulation board 15 and the lower plate 11 through the guide rod 19. A displacement sensor 14 is provided on one side of the main oil cylinder 18 on the base 3. The main oil cylinder 18 uses the displacement sensor 14 for position detection and feedback to ensure high-precision displacement control. A force sensor 12 is provided on the head of the piston rod of the main oil cylinder 18 for force detection and feedback to ensure high-precision force control. The telescopic insulation belt 17 can be extended and retracted under the drive of the main oil cylinder 18.

[0036] The upper crossbeam 1 is equipped with an opening adjustment device, which is driven by a three-phase asynchronous motor 20. The commutator 21 performs transmission commutation and is connected to the spline shaft 22. The spline shaft 22 is connected to the internal spline nut at the top of the adjusting screw 23. The adjusting screw 23 is connected to the screw nut 24 installed on the upper crossbeam 1. The lower end of the adjusting screw 23 penetrates the ultra-low temperature chamber 5 and is connected to the upper platen 10 in the ultra-low temperature chamber 5. The commutator 21 is provided with a rotary encoder. The upper crossbeam 1 is equipped with a proximity switch for the upper and lower adjustment position detection and feedback of the opening adjustment device to ensure that the opening adjustment device adjusts the upper platen 10 to a suitable height. The adjusting screw 23 of the opening adjustment device can be self-locked at any position by utilizing the self-locking performance of the single-head screw, thereby adjusting the initial opening size of the testing machine to adapt to parts of different heights and withstand the nominal force loaded.

[0037] A horizontal loading beam 8 is installed on the column 2, and a high-precision electric cylinder 9 with a large load for horizontal loading is installed on the horizontal loading beam 8. The horizontal loading beam 8 has two installation positions of the electric cylinder 9, which can solve the problem of different horizontal loading positions. The electric cylinder 9 is driven by a servo motor. A guide column 25 is provided at the output end of the electric cylinder 9. The guide column 25 is in the ultra-low temperature chamber 5. The guide column 25 is made of epoxy composite material, which has good low-temperature resistance and low linear expansion coefficient. The high strength and low thermal conductivity of the epoxy composite material are used to solve the heat transfer and impact resistance problems of the horizontal guide column 25. A force sensor 13 is installed on the head of the electric cylinder 9 for force detection and feedback to ensure high-precision force control. The electric cylinder 9 uses a rotary encoder for position detection and feedback to ensure high-precision displacement control.

[0038] The ultra-low temperature chamber 5 is a front single-door sealing structure, with through holes for the loading device and the adjusting screw 23 on the side and top surface, and is sealed by a combination of epoxy composite and polytetrafluoroethylene, that is, the guide column 25 on the side is made of epoxy composite, and a sealing sleeve 26 is provided between the adjusting screw 23 and the ultra-low temperature chamber 5 in the through hole on the top surface of the ultra-low temperature chamber 5. The sealing sleeve 26 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the low temperature resistance and self-lubricating properties of polytetrafluoroethylene are used to solve the sealing and lubrication problems in the ultra-low temperature environment of -130℃ to -200℃, to ensure the sealing performance of the ultra-low temperature chamber 5 in the ultra-low temperature environment, and to establish a smaller internal pressure. The ultra-low temperature chamber 5 adopts reverse Stirling cycle refrigeration, the lowest refrigeration temperature can reach -200℃, the maximum temperature deviation is ≤±3℃, and the refrigeration coefficient COP≥3.2. The ultra-low temperature chamber 5 has the functions of rapid cooling, humidity control, constant temperature maintenance, and rapid heating; at the same time, it has protection capabilities to ensure that the burst fragments cannot penetrate the warehouse wall and fly out during testing.

[0039] A ladder 6 is installed on the upper crossbeam 1, and an inspection platform 29 is set on the upper crossbeam 1. The inspection platform 29 has a height lamp 30. The operator climbs up the inspection platform 29 through the ladder 6 to perform inspection and maintenance. An operating manipulator 7 is installed on the column 2. The lifting of the operating manipulator 7 is driven by a cylinder. The operating manipulator 7 can be lifted and lowered. The arm of the operating manipulator 7 is composed of a double rotating joint rotating arm, which is manually driven and used for the assembly and disassembly of the mold and the main cylinder 18 in the ultra-low temperature chamber 5. The operating manipulator 7 solves the installation and disassembly problems of the lower top main cylinder 18, the upper platen 10, the lower platen 11, the test parts and the tooling.

[0040] An operation panel 27 is provided on one side of the base 3. The operation panel 27 has an industrial screen with a good human-machine interaction screen, which can display and set the functional data required by the test machine and monitor the operating status of the test machine. The touch screen can accurately set the operating speed and pressure parameters of each execution cylinder at each stage; it can display the stroke, pressure, speed, pressure holding time, system oil temperature, input and output signal status, alarm information, workpiece count, etc. of the main cylinder / horizontal loading cylinder. It has a fault diagnosis function, and there are pressure detection points at key locations. Through the pressure detection points, the faults of the test machine can be quickly diagnosed and the working status of the test machine can be monitored.

[0041] The testing machine is equipped with an industrial computer, which can record and store real-time data such as the force, displacement, speed, and holding time of the equipment loading, and provide the current mainstream standard interface for exchanging data with the computer, data export and printing. A low-temperature camera 4 is installed in the interlayer of the ultra-low temperature chamber 5, which can solve the problem of remote monitoring and operation, and also solve the problem of camera fogging. The testing machine also includes an operating room 28, which is equipped with remote monitoring and a piano-style operating table, equipped with a remote monitoring and operating system, to solve the safety problem of testers. At the same time, under various extreme loads, the test parts may burst, and the burst fragments may damage surrounding equipment and personnel. The ultra-low temperature chamber 5 has protection capabilities to ensure that the burst fragments cannot fly out. At the same time, during the test, there must be no operators around, and a remote monitoring and operating system must be equipped. The hydraulic system and the electronic control system provide hydraulic control and power control for the entire testing machine.

[0042] The main oil cylinder 18 and the horizontal loading electric cylinder 9 can be independently controlled and loaded simultaneously. The loading mode can be set to unidirectional and multi-directional loading, normal temperature, low temperature and ultra-low temperature environment; vertical loading includes static, pulse (frequency modulation and amplitude modulation), dynamic (multi-stage, variable rate, etc.) loads, horizontal loading includes static, horizontal impact, dynamic (multi-stage, variable rate, etc.) loads, and multi-directional static and dynamic loads; temperature alternating loading, ultra-low temperature, high humidity, vibration aging, loading force and speed can be freely set, the oil cylinder can be moved into place and automatically loaded, and real-time loading force, displacement and speed curves can be output.

[0043] The present invention discloses an ultra-low temperature multi-directional loading testing machine, which is a testing machine suitable for ultra-low temperature and large load testing of large deep space exploration spacecraft parts and materials. This testing machine is vertically loaded by a vibrating low-friction oil cylinder, which can apply static, pulse, and dynamic loads, and horizontally loaded by a large-load electric cylinder 9, which can apply static and impact loads. It solves the problem of unidirectional and multi-directional high-precision static and dynamic load loading of parts in the aerospace field in an ultra-low temperature environment of -130°C to -200°C, the temperature alternating working conditions under the above various loads, and various low-temperature aging test requirements, and the maximum load can reach 4000kN; the anti-eccentric load capability ensures that the fuselage anti-eccentric load moment capability reaches 1500kN·m, wherein the dynamic load includes vertical pulse frequency modulation and amplitude modulation load, horizontal impact load, multi-directional dynamic load, etc. The loading plan can set parameters and configure according to the specific test parts, and store recipes. The recipes of multiple parts can be switched with one click. At the same time, under various extreme loads, the test parts may explode, and the explosion fragments may damage surrounding equipment and personnel. The ultra-low temperature chamber 5 also has protection capabilities to ensure that the explosion fragments cannot fly out. At the same time, during the test, there must be no operators nearby, and a remote monitoring and operating system must be equipped.

[0044] In summary, although the present invention has been disclosed as above in terms of preferred embodiments, the above preferred embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. A person skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be based on the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. An ultra-low temperature multi-directional loading testing machine, characterized in that: The invention comprises an upper crossbeam (1), a column (2), a base (3) and an ultra-low temperature chamber (5), wherein the top end of the column (2) is connected to the upper crossbeam (1), the bottom end of the column (2) is connected to the base (3), the ultra-low temperature chamber (5) is mounted on the base (3), an upper platen (10) and a lower platen (11) are arranged in the ultra-low temperature chamber (5), a main oil cylinder (18) is arranged in the base (3), a heat insulation component for heat insulation is arranged on the bottom surface of the lower platen (11), the output end of the main oil cylinder (18) is connected to the heat insulation component, the upper crossbeam (1) is provided with an opening adjustment device connected to the upper platen (10), the opening adjustment device is used to adjust the initial opening size of the testing machine, a horizontal loading beam (8) is mounted on the column (2), and an electric cylinder (9) for horizontal loading is mounted on the horizontal loading beam (8).

2. The ultra-low temperature multi-directional loading testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat insulation component comprises a heat insulation plate (15) connected to the bottom surface of the lower platform (11), a pad (16) is provided on the bottom surface of the heat insulation plate (15), and telescopic heat insulation belts (17) are respectively provided on both sides of the heat insulation plate (15) on the bottom surface of the lower platform (11), the other end of the telescopic heat insulation belt (17) is connected to the bottom end of the ultra-low temperature chamber (5), and the output end of the main oil cylinder (18) is connected to the pad (16).

3. The ultra-low temperature multi-directional loading testing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: Guide rods (19) are provided on both sides of the master cylinder (18), a displacement sensor (14) for position detection is provided on the base (3), and a force sensor (12) for vertical force detection is provided on the piston rod head of the master cylinder (18).

4. The ultra-low temperature multi-directional loading testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the electric cylinder (9) is provided with a guide column (25) in the ultra-low temperature chamber (5), and the guide column (25) is made of epoxy composite material. The head of the electric cylinder (9) is provided with a force sensor 2 (13) for detecting horizontal force.

5. The ultra-low temperature multi-directional loading testing machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The horizontal loading beam (8) has two installation positions for the electric cylinders (9).

6. The ultra-low temperature multi-directional loading testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening adjustment device comprises a motor (20), the output end of the motor (20) is connected to a commutator (21), the commutator (21) is connected to a spline shaft (22), the spline shaft (22) is connected to an adjustment screw (23), the lower end of the adjustment screw (23) penetrates into the ultra-low temperature chamber (5) and is connected to the upper platform (10), a rotary encoder is provided on the commutator (21), and a proximity switch is installed on the upper crossbeam (1).

7. The ultra-low temperature multi-directional loading testing machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top surface of the ultra-low temperature chamber (5) has a through hole through which the adjusting screw rod (23) passes, and a sealing sleeve (26) is arranged in the through hole. The sealing sleeve (26) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.

8. The ultra-low temperature multi-directional loading testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: An operating manipulator (7) is installed on the column (2) for assembling and disassembling the mold in the ultra-low temperature chamber (5) and the main oil cylinder (18).

9. The ultra-low temperature multi-directional loading testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The testing machine further comprises an operating panel (27) having an industrial screen.

10. The ultra-low temperature multi-directional loading testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A low-temperature camera (4) is installed in the interlayer of the ultra-low-temperature chamber (5). The testing machine also includes an operating room (28), and a remote monitoring and piano-style operating table connected to the low-temperature camera (4) are provided in the operating room (28).

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