Granitic plaster facing construction process and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building decoration and finishing, in particular to a granitic plaster facing construction technology and application thereof.The granitic plaster facing construction technology comprises the steps of base layer treatment, bottom layer and medium ash treatment, surface layer treatment, protection and the like. And the construction quality and effect are ensured. In the historical building repair process, the technologies of spectral analysis matching of raw materials, protective cleaning of historical slurry coating layers, layered transition repair of different elevation areas and the like are adopted, and the historical styles and features of the building are reserved. The method has the advantages of high-fidelity repair, layered transition seamless connection, digital control for improving precision, durability and pollution resistance enhancement, environment-friendly construction, high adaptability, remarkable comprehensive cost benefit, double improvement of construction efficiency and quality and the like, and is suitable for various building scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of building decoration and renovation, in particular to a water-brushed stone facing construction process and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a traditional architectural decoration technique, water-brushed stone veneer occupies a prominent position in the field of architectural decoration due to its unique natural texture, solemn and beautiful color, and durability, resistance to fading, and staining. It is achieved by mixing cement, stone chips, pebbles, or pigments with water and applying them to the building surface. When the slurry is partially set, a stiff brush dipped in water is used to brush away the surface cement slurry, leaving the stone chips or pebbles partially exposed, creating a unique decorative effect. However, with the development of the times and advancements in technology, the traditional water-brushed stone veneer construction process has gradually exposed some problems in practical application, urgently requiring improvement and innovation.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication (Announcement) No. CN113802786A discloses a water-brushed stone wall construction process. While this process somewhat streamlines the construction process, including cleaning the base layer, primary grouting, roughening and leveling, marking lines, and installing prefabricated components, the following deficiencies exist in the referenced document: 1. Insufficient accuracy in raw material matching: CN113802786A does not explicitly mention the use of spectral analysis technology to match raw materials, which may lead to differences in color and texture between the new water-brushed stone and the original part, affecting the overall aesthetics and restoration of historical features.

[0004] 2. Imperfect interface transition processing: CN113802786A does not propose a layered transition construction method to meet the needs of repair at different elevations, which may lead to unnatural interface transitions between new and old structures, resulting in cracks or color differences.

[0005] Regarding base treatment, the comparative document only mentions clearing the brick wall and maintaining a dense filling, without fully considering the complex conditions that may exist in the wall base. For example, it does not address the leveling of large protruding areas on the concrete wall surface, the repair process for honeycombed depressions and chipped corners, or the washing measures for concrete walls based on different types of release agents.

[0006] In summary, the comparative document has technical gaps in raw material matching, interface transition, base layer treatment and function optimization, and it is difficult to meet the comprehensive requirements of modern building restoration and decoration for high precision, high durability and environmental protection. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water-brushed stone finishing construction process and its application, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology of insufficient matching accuracy of raw materials of existing water-brushed stone wall surfaces and imperfect interface transition processing.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A water-brushed stone facing construction process comprises the following steps: S10 Base treatment: After cleaning the wall base, water the wall surface thoroughly and evenly one day before plastering. Hang Ø8 steel wire mesh all over the wall and apply a layer of water-based mortar with a ratio of 801 glue to water of 1:1. S20 base and middle mortar treatment: Use 12mm thick 1:3 cement mortar to apply the base layer in layers, brush and mark the grooves. Apply the middle mortar layer 24 hours after the base mortar is completed. After the base mortar reaches the design strength, mark the lines according to the design drawings, sprinkle water to moisten the plaster layer, and paste the partition strips. S30 surface treatment: First, apply plain cement slurry with a water-cement ratio of 0.38 and a thickness of 1mm, then apply 1:1.5 cement-gravel slurry with an appropriate amount of lime powder added, and a cement-to-lime powder ratio of 1:0.25. Smear and flatten the slurry from bottom to top in each grid, and use a trowel to repeatedly smooth and compact the slurry so that the large surface of the slurry faces outward and is arranged tightly and evenly. Then, use a small roller made of seamless steel pipe with a diameter of 40-50mm and a length of about 500mm to roll back and forth, and then use a trowel to level it. When the surface layer has just begun to set, spray it. First, use a soft brush dipped in water to brush off the surface mortar to expose the slurry. Then use a sprayer to spray water from top to bottom in sections to expose 1 / 3 of the slurry. After spraying, use 1:1 cement mortar to make a 3-4mm deep groove in the grid joints and paint it. S40 surface protection: The surface layer is treated with a top protective layer that takes into account both color adjustment and waterproofing. First, an inorganic silicone solution is used, and the penetration depth of the solution is ≥5mm to form a waterproof layer; then a mixture of 15% acrylic polyurethane and 85% inorganic silicone is used to form a hydrophobic coating with a thickness of ≤0.1mm.

[0009] Preferably, when cleaning the wall base layer in step S10, the base layer treatment should be performed to remove surface debris, level and brush any protruding parts, and repair defects such as honeycombs, depressions, and missing edges and corners. By cleaning surface debris, leveling protruding parts, and repairing defects such as honeycombs, the wall base layer can be ensured to be flat, clean, and solid. This provides a stable foundation for subsequent construction, reduces hidden dangers such as hollowing and cracking of the finish caused by base layer problems, enhances the adhesion between the water-brushed stone and the base layer, and ensures the stability of the overall construction quality.

[0010] Preferably, when applying the finishing stone slurry during the surface treatment in step S30, a cement-stone slurry ratio of 1:1.5 is used when using small eight-grain stones, and a ratio of 1:1.8 is used when using millimeter stones. Different cement-stone slurry ratios are used for different stone types to precisely adapt to the characteristics of the stones. Small eight-grain stones and millimeter stones differ in particle size and surface area. A reasonable ratio ensures the bonding between the stones and the cement slurry, preventing the stones from falling off or excessive cement slurry from affecting the finish texture, resulting in a uniform strength and a smooth and beautiful appearance of the water-brushed stone surface layer.

[0011] Preferably, when spraying in step S30, the nozzle is 20 cm away from the wall, and each section is 80 cm when spraying water in sections. Angle spraying is used at the outside corners. The appropriate nozzle distance can ensure uniform flushing force, so that the cement slurry is rinsed clean, exposing the stones, and achieving the effect of water-brushed stone finishing; segmented flushing makes it easy to control the flushing range and quality, and avoid uneven flushing or omissions; oblique spraying at the outside corners can ensure that the outside corner lines are clear and straight, thereby improving the overall aesthetics of the finish.

[0012] Preferably, the spraying step uses digital flushing equipment, which is operated according to preset flushing time and pressure parameters, monitors the flushing effect in real time and fine-tunes the parameters. The digital flushing equipment can accurately control the flushing time and pressure, ensure the consistency and stability of the flushing effect, and improve the construction quality and efficiency; real-time monitoring and fine-tuning parameters can be adjusted in time according to actual flushing conditions to avoid poor finishing effects due to improper flushing, thereby achieving more precise construction control.

[0013] Preferably, when repairing areas of different elevations on the facade of a building, and there is an interface between the newly made water-brushed stone area below 4.2m and the upper retained water-brushed stone structure, an interface agent is applied to the base layer at the interface to enhance the bonding strength, and a layered transition method is used for construction: the thickness of the first layer of water-brushed stone is controlled at 5-8mm, and the second layer is constructed after it has initially set, and the thickness of each layer gradually increases, so that a stepped overlap is formed between the layers; at the interface position with the upper retained water-brushed stone structure, a thinner layer thickness and a finer compaction treatment are used to achieve a natural transition between the newly made water-brushed stone and the upper retained water-brushed stone structure. Applying an interface agent can enhance the bonding strength between the newly made water-brushed stone and the base layer and the upper retained structure, and reduce the occurrence of problems such as hollowing and falling off; layered transition construction and control of the thickness and overlap method of each layer can better integrate the newly made water-brushed stone and the upper retained structure in terms of mechanical properties and appearance, achieve a natural transition, and enhance the overall aesthetics and coordination of the building facade.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an application of a water-brushed stone finishing construction process in the restoration of the facades of historical and cultural relics buildings. The above-mentioned construction process is used to repair the damaged, fading, peeling, hollowing and shelling problems of the water-brushed stone facades of historical and cultural relics buildings, thereby preserving the historical appearance of the buildings.

[0015] Preferably, in the scenario of historical building restoration, the water-brushed stone facing construction process also includes raw material matching based on spectral analysis and protective cleaning of the historical patina layer. The raw material matching step based on spectral analysis is: using a spectrometer to analyze the composition of the aggregate and cement of the historical water-brushed stone, screening matching aggregates and cement according to the analysis results, adjusting the aggregate grading and cement grade through experiments, so that the repair material is similar to the original material in color, texture and strength, and accurately understanding the raw material composition of the historical water-brushed stone through spectral analysis, thereby screening matching materials and making adjustments, which can make the repair material highly similar to the original material in many aspects, and maintain the original style and historical value of the water-brushed stone facing of the historical building to the greatest extent, and realize the "repair the old as it is" principle of restoration.

[0016] Preferably, the protective cleaning step of the historical patina layer is: using a combination of microparticle spraying technology and bio-enzyme cleaning technology, first using microparticle spraying equipment to spray tiny particles at low pressure to remove surface dirt, then diluting the bio-enzyme cleaning agent and applying it to the surface, brushing and rinsing after the reaction. The microparticle spraying technology operates at low pressure to avoid damage to the historical patina layer and effectively removes surface dirt; the bio-enzyme cleaning agent can specifically decompose organic dirt and has little effect on the patina layer. The combination of the two can thoroughly clean the water-brushed stone surface, restore its original color and texture, and protect the cultural value of historical buildings while protecting the historical patina layer.

[0017] As a preferred method, during the repair process, the hollowing location is determined by tapping, and the shelling area is within 0.1m 2 When the cracks are within 0.1m and there is no through crack, epoxy resin grouting is used and the shelling area is greater than 0.1m 2 Or when cracks exist at the same time, chisel them out and redo them; for cracks, expand them on both sides to form a "V"-shaped seam with a width of 10mm, clean and moisten them, and repair them according to the original water-brushed stone process. The knocking method can accurately and quickly locate the hollow position, and adopt different treatment methods according to the hollow area and crack situation. It can not only effectively solve the problems of hollowing and cracking, ensure the structural safety and service life of the water-brushed stone finish, but also reasonably control the repair cost and workload; forming a "V"-shaped seam in the crack treatment can increase the bonding area between the repair material and the original structure, improve the repair quality, and make the repair part coordinated with the surrounding finishes.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. High-fidelity restoration and authenticity preservation This invention uses spectral analysis to precisely match raw materials (aggregates and cement), combined with digital restoration of traditional water-brushed stonework, to ensure that the new finish is highly consistent with the original in color, texture, and grain. For example, in the restoration of historical buildings, microparticle spraying and bio-enzyme cleaning technologies are used to protect the historical patina, avoiding the damage to the architectural style caused by traditional methods and preserving the historical information to the greatest extent possible.

[0019] 2. Layered transition technology achieves seamless connection To address specific restoration needs at varying elevations (e.g., the interface between new construction below 4.2 meters and the retained upper structure), a layered transitional construction approach was employed. Through stepped joints and meticulous finishing, visual inconsistencies between the old and new structures were eliminated. In the renovation of the Tuodong Sports Center gymnasium, this technique resulted in a harmonious, seamless facade with no cracks or color variations, restoring the building's original historical appearance while enhancing its aesthetics.

[0020] 3. Digital control improves process accuracy The introduction of digital flushing equipment allows real-time monitoring of key parameters such as flushing time and pressure to ensure uniform texture and consistent feel on the water-brushed stone surface. For example, in the construction of buildings with complex geometries, parametric control enables precise replication of flushing effects, avoiding manual errors and significantly improving construction efficiency and finished product quality.

[0021] 4. Enhanced durability and anti-pollution The surface layer is coated with a hydrophobic coating (a mixture of acrylic polyurethane and inorganic siloxane) to form a UV-resistant, color-enhancing protective layer, effectively preventing fading and contamination of the water-brushed stone. The finish maintains a dignified and beautiful appearance over long-term use, reducing subsequent maintenance costs.

[0022] 5. Environmentally friendly materials and processes reduce pollution Microparticle spraying and bio-enzyme cleaning technologies are used to replace chemical agents to avoid environmental pollution. For example, in the restoration of historical buildings, bio-enzymes break down dirt through chemical reactions while protecting the historical cladding, achieving green construction.

[0023] 6. Strong adaptability and wide application scenarios This method is applicable to a variety of scenarios, including historical and cultural buildings, modern commercial buildings, and buildings with complex geometric shapes. Whether it's the restoration of Soviet-style buildings or modern design requirements, customized construction can be achieved by adjusting process parameters (such as stone particle size and cement ratio) to meet diverse design requirements.

[0024] 7. Significant comprehensive cost-effectiveness Despite the high initial investment in materials and equipment, precise restoration and color difference control can reduce subsequent rework and maintenance costs. For example, in the restoration of historical buildings, color difference fine-tuning technology can avoid complete rework, resulting in significant long-term economic benefits.

[0025] 8. Improve both construction efficiency and quality The combination of layered construction and digital control shortens construction timelines and improves the yield rate of finished products. In the Tuodong Sports Center project, renovations were completed as planned, with a significantly improved first-pass acceptance rate, demonstrating the process's operability and stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they provide further detailed explanation, but do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1 (Scene of exterior facade renovation of the gymnasium at Tuodong Sports Center in Yunnan Province) Application scenario: Repair of the water-brushed stone area on the first floor of the exterior facade of the gymnasium of Tuodong Sports Center, which was renovated by merchants (the original finish was blocked by billboards and painted with multi-color paint), and the partially damaged areas on the second and third floors.

[0030] Construction steps: Base treatment: remove the first layer of wall billboards and attached debris, flatten the protruding structure formed by the merchant renovation, brush 1:1 801 glue water glue mortar on the honeycomb, missing edges and corners, and then use 1:3 cement mortar to repair in layers; only clean the surface stains in the second and third layers of retained areas, and repeat the above slurry painting steps after fully hanging the Ø8 steel mesh.

[0031] Base and middle mortar treatment: Use 12mm thick 1:3 cement mortar for layered primer and roughening, and construct the middle mortar layer 24 hours after the base mortar; draw lines according to the original building's "three-stage" composition, and paste trapezoidal dividing strips (narrow inside and wide outside).

[0032] Surface treatment: scrape plain cement slurry with a water-cement ratio of 0.38 (1mm thick), apply 1:1.5 cement-gravel slurry (mixed with 1:0.25 lime powder), roll it with a seamless steel roller and smooth it out; when the surface layer is initially set, use a soft brush and a sprayer to spray it in sections (each section is 80cm, and the nozzle is 20cm away from the wall) to expose 1 / 3 of the white gravel; make 3-4mm deep 1:1 cement mortar concave joints for the partition joints and paint them.

[0033] Surface protection: The surface layer is treated with a top protective layer that takes into account both color adjustment and waterproofing. First, an inorganic silicone solution is used, and the penetration depth of the solution is ≥5mm to form a waterproof layer; then a mixture of 15% acrylic polyurethane and 85% inorganic silicone is used to form a hydrophobic coating with a thickness of ≤0.1mm.

[0034] Restoration effect: The first floor restores the unique white water-brushed stone style of Soviet-style architecture, with no obvious color difference from the preserved areas on the second and third floors. The "three-section" composition and vertical lines of the facade are fully presented.

[0035] Example 2 (Based on the scenario of restoring historical cultural relics buildings by elevation) Application scenario: The water-brushed stone veneer below 4.2m of a historical and cultural building needs to be redone due to severe weathering. The upper retained area only needs partial repairs, and a natural transition between the old and new interfaces needs to be achieved.

[0036] Construction steps: Base treatment: Chisel off all weathered layers in the area below 4.2m, clean it, and then hang Ø8 steel mesh all over, and apply 1:1 801 glue and water mortar; in the upper retained area, only make "V" seam treatment (10mm wide) on the cracks, moisten it and set aside.

[0037] Base and mid-level ash treatment: For heights below 4.2m, use 12mm thick 1:3 cement mortar for base coating and roughening, and simultaneously carry out repairs in the upper reserved area; draw lines according to the aggregate grading matching the spectral analysis results, and paste dividing strips.

[0038] Interface transition treatment: Apply interface agent at an elevation of 4.2m. The thickness of the first layer of new water-brushed stone is controlled at 5mm. After initial setting, the second layer is increased to 8mm to form a stepped overlap. A 0.5mm thin layer is used for compaction at the interface to ensure that it is flush with the upper retained finish.

[0039] Surface layer and protection: Refer to the surface layer spraying process of Example 1, use digital flushing equipment to control the flushing time (15-20s) and pressure (0.3MPa); spray the entire facade with penetrating sealant (penetration depth ≥5mm), and fine-tune the color difference areas to achieve visual consistency.

[0040] Restoration effect: The texture and color of the new water-brushed stone below 4.2m match those of the upper preserved area, there are no obvious joints at the interface, and the historical patina is completely preserved.

[0041] Example 3 (Based on the scenario of newly-made water-brushed stone veneer on ordinary buildings) Application scenario: The facade of a modern Soviet-style building is newly constructed with water-brushed stone veneer, and the traditional texture is required to be restored.

[0042] Construction steps: Base treatment: Clean the concrete wall, wet it with water, then hang Ø8 steel mesh all over it and apply 1:1 801 glue-water mortar.

[0043] Base and middle ash treatment: 12mm thick 1:3 cement mortar is used for base coating and roughening, and the middle ash layer is constructed after 24 hours, and rectangular dividing strips are pasted according to the designed lines.

[0044] Surface treatment: scrape 0.38 water-cement ratio cement slurry, apply 1:1.8 cement-millimetre stone slurry (mixed with lime powder), roll and spray until 1 / 3 of the stone is exposed, make concave joints and paint the dividing joints.

[0045] Surface protection: spraying a hydrophobic coating (same as in Example 1).

[0046] Effect: The decorative stones are evenly distributed and have a solemn color, which conforms to the requirements of Soviet architectural style.

[0047] Example 4 (Based on the protection and restoration scenario of the cladding layer of historical buildings) Application scenario: The water-brushed stone cladding on the facade of an ancient building has a historical patina (including remnants of early painted slogans) and needs to be cleaned and partially damaged.

[0048] Construction steps: Patina cleaning: first use a microparticle spray device (low pressure) to remove surface dust, then apply a bio-enzyme cleaner (dilution ratio 1:5), let it stand for 10 minutes, then brush lightly with a soft brush and rinse with clean water (retain a small amount of historical paint traces in the recessed areas).

[0049] Base layer and subsequent treatment: The damaged part is repaired according to the base layer treatment method of Example 2, and the aggregate matched by spectral analysis is used for surface layer treatment. The remaining steps are the same as Example 1.

[0050] Effect: The patina layer is intact, the texture of the newly repaired area is consistent with the original finish, and historical traces are preserved.

[0051] Comparative Example 1 (Repair at different elevations without using the layered transition process) Comparison scenario: The same as Example 2, the historical and cultural relics building 4.2m elevation boundary repair, omitting the stepped overlap and interface agent treatment, directly connecting the new water-brushed stone at 4.2m.

[0052] Defects: There is a significant height difference between the new and old interfaces (≥3mm), and penetrating cracks are generated due to settlement after half a year, with significant color difference (the new area is whiter).

[0053] Comparative Example 2 (Water-brushed Stone Construction Using Unoptimized Traditional Technology) Comparison scenario: During the water-brushed stone construction of a certain building, no wire mesh was hung on the base layer, and the initial setting time was not controlled when the surface layer was sprayed (spraying too early).

[0054] Defect: 3 months after completion, hollowing occurred in the back layer (area 0.2m 2 ), the stone fell off rate due to premature spraying up to 5%, and the surface was seriously alkaline.

[0055] Comparison table of key parameters and results of the above three embodiments: According to the above table data, the analysis is as follows: 1. Improve repair quality and durability The present invention effectively solves the common hollowing and cracking problems in traditional processes by fully hanging Ø8 steel wire mesh, brushing the base with 1:1801 glue water mortar and other strengthening treatments, combining with 1:3 cement mortar layering and strict maintenance procedures. For example, there was no hollowing in Examples 1-4, while in Comparative Example 2, due to the lack of steel wire mesh and process out of control, 0.2m 2 The hollowing and 5% stone falling off prove that this process can significantly improve the structural stability and service life of the water-brushed stone finish.

[0056] 2. Ensure the authenticity and consistency of historical features For scenes such as the Tuodong Sports Center where historical features need to be preserved, traditional water-brushed stone techniques such as "three-stage" composition, trapezoidal dividing strips, white stone ratio and surface color matching technology are adopted to make the newly restored area consistent with the original retained part in color and texture, thus restoring the facade characteristics of Soviet-style architecture.

[0057] For the repair scenario with different elevations, a natural transition between the old and new interfaces was achieved through stepped overlap at 4.2m, interface agent treatment and digital spraying control (time 15-20s, pressure 0.3MPa), avoiding the cracks and color difference problems caused by direct flat connection in Example 1, and completely preserving the continuity of the building's historical style.

[0058] 3. Optimize construction accuracy and efficiency This invention specifies key parameters for each process (e.g., spraying with a nozzle distance of 20 cm from the wall, in 80 cm sections, and adjusting the stone slurry ratio to 1:1.5-1:1.8 based on particle size). It also incorporates digital equipment to control flushing parameters, reducing the randomness of manual operation in traditional processes. A comparison of Example 2 with Comparative Example 1 shows that while the layered transition process adds some additional steps, it avoids later rework and overall improves construction precision and efficiency.

[0059] 4. Enhanced protection performance and adaptability A hydrophobic coating composed of 15% acrylic polyurethane and 85% inorganic siloxane creates a protective layer ≤0.1mm thick, offering both UV resistance and water resistance, addressing the issues of weathering and alkali efflorescence associated with water-brushed stone. Furthermore, for the preservation of the patina of historical buildings, a combination of microparticle spraying and bio-enzyme cleaning removes dirt while preserving historical traces, making it more suitable for cultural relic preservation than traditional chemical cleaning.

[0060] In summary, the present invention significantly improves the durability, consistency and adaptability of water-brushed stone finishes while maintaining the traditional texture through standardization of process parameters, targeted optimization of historical restoration, and coordinated design of materials and structures. It is particularly suitable for the renovation of historical buildings and scenarios with high requirements for style preservation.

[0061] Advantages of the water-brushed stone facing construction process of the present invention and its application: 1. High-fidelity restoration and authenticity preservation This invention uses spectral analysis to precisely match raw materials (aggregates and cement), combined with digital restoration of traditional water-brushed stonework, to ensure that the new finish is highly consistent with the original in color, texture, and grain. For example, in the restoration of historical buildings, microparticle spraying and bio-enzyme cleaning technologies are used to protect the historical patina, avoiding the damage to the architectural style caused by traditional methods and preserving the historical information to the greatest extent possible.

[0062] 2. Layered transition technology achieves seamless connection To address specific restoration needs at varying elevations (e.g., the interface between new construction below 4.2 meters and the retained upper structure), a layered transitional construction approach was employed. Through stepped joints and meticulous finishing, visual inconsistencies between the old and new structures were eliminated. In the renovation of the Tuodong Sports Center gymnasium, this technique resulted in a harmonious, seamless facade with no cracks or color variations, restoring the building's original historical appearance while enhancing its aesthetics.

[0063] 3. Digital control improves process accuracy The introduction of digital flushing equipment allows real-time monitoring of key parameters such as flushing time and pressure to ensure uniform texture and consistent feel on the water-brushed stone surface. For example, in the construction of buildings with complex geometries, parametric control enables precise replication of flushing effects, avoiding manual errors and significantly improving construction efficiency and finished product quality.

[0064] 4. Enhanced durability and anti-pollution The surface layer is coated with a hydrophobic coating (a mixture of acrylic polyurethane and inorganic siloxane) to form a UV-resistant, color-enhancing protective layer, effectively preventing fading and contamination of the water-brushed stone. The finish maintains a dignified and beautiful appearance over long-term use, reducing subsequent maintenance costs.

[0065] 5. Environmentally friendly materials and processes reduce pollution Microparticle spraying and bio-enzyme cleaning technologies are used to replace chemical agents to avoid environmental pollution. For example, in the restoration of historical buildings, bio-enzymes break down dirt through chemical reactions while protecting the historical cladding, achieving green construction.

[0066] 6. Strong adaptability and wide application scenarios This method is applicable to a variety of scenarios, including historical and cultural buildings, modern commercial buildings, and buildings with complex geometric shapes. Whether it's the restoration of Soviet-style buildings or modern design requirements, customized construction can be achieved by adjusting process parameters (such as stone particle size and cement ratio) to meet diverse design requirements.

[0067] 7. Significant comprehensive cost-effectiveness Despite the high initial investment in materials and equipment, precise restoration and color difference control can reduce subsequent rework and maintenance costs. For example, in the restoration of historical buildings, color difference fine-tuning technology can avoid complete rework, resulting in significant long-term economic benefits.

[0068] 8. Improve both construction efficiency and quality The combination of layered construction and digital control shortens construction timelines and improves the yield rate of finished products. In the Tuodong Sports Center project, renovations were completed as planned, with a significantly improved first-pass acceptance rate, demonstrating the process's operability and stability.

[0069] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and improvements may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A water-brushed stone facing construction process, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S10 Base treatment: After cleaning the wall base, water the wall surface thoroughly and evenly one day before plastering. Hang Ø8 steel wire mesh all over the wall and apply a layer of water-based mortar with a ratio of 801 glue to water of 1:

1. S20 base and middle mortar treatment: Use 12mm thick 1:3 cement mortar to apply the base layer in layers, brush and mark the grooves. Apply the middle mortar layer 24 hours after the base mortar is completed. After the base mortar reaches the design strength, mark the lines according to the design drawings, sprinkle water to moisten the plaster layer, and paste the partition strips. S30 surface treatment: First, apply plain cement slurry with a water-cement ratio of 0.38 and a thickness of 1mm, then apply 1:1.5 cement-gravel slurry with an appropriate amount of lime powder added, and a cement-to-lime powder ratio of 1:0.

25. Smear and flatten the slurry from bottom to top in each grid, and use a trowel to repeatedly smooth and compact the slurry so that the large surface of the slurry faces outward and is arranged tightly and evenly. Then, use a small roller made of seamless steel pipe with a diameter of 40-50mm and a length of about 500mm to roll back and forth, and then use a trowel to level it. When the surface layer has just begun to set, spray it. First, use a soft brush dipped in water to brush off the surface mortar to expose the slurry. Then use a sprayer to spray water from top to bottom in sections to expose 1 / 3 of the slurry. After spraying, use 1:1 cement mortar to make a 3-4mm deep groove in the grid joints and paint it. S40 surface protection: The surface layer is treated with a top protective layer that takes into account both color adjustment and waterproofing. First, an inorganic silicone solution is used, and the penetration depth of the solution is ≥5mm to form a waterproof layer; then a mixture of 15% acrylic polyurethane and 85% inorganic silicone is used to form a hydrophobic coating with a thickness of ≤0.1mm.

2. The water-brushed stone veneer construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: When cleaning the wall base layer in step S10, the base layer treatment needs to clean up the surface debris, level and brush the larger protruding parts, and repair the honeycomb, depression, and missing edges and corners.

3. The water-brushed stone veneer construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S30, when applying the surface gravel slurry, if small eight-grain gravel is used, the cement gravel slurry ratio is 1:1.5, and if millimeter stone is used, the ratio is 1:1.

8.

4. The water-brushed stone veneer construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: When spraying in step S30, the nozzle is 20 cm away from the wall, and each section is 80 cm when spraying water in sections. Angle spraying is used at the external corners.

5. The water-brushed stone veneer construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying step uses digital flushing equipment, operates according to preset flushing time and pressure parameters, monitors the flushing effect in real time and fine-tunes the parameters.

6. The water-brushed stone veneer construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: When repairing areas at different elevations on the building facade, and there is an interface between the newly made water-brushed stone area below 4.2m and the upper retained water-brushed stone structure, an interface agent is applied to the base layer at the interface to enhance the bonding strength, and a layered transition method is used for construction: the thickness of the first layer of water-brushed stone is controlled at 5-8mm, and the second layer is constructed after it has initially set, and the thickness of each layer is gradually increased to form a stepped overlap between the layers; at the interface position with the upper retained water-brushed stone structure, a thinner layer thickness and more refined compaction treatment are used to achieve a natural transition between the new water-brushed stone and the upper retained water-brushed stone structure.

7. Application of a water-brushed stone veneer construction process in the restoration of the facades of historical and cultural relics buildings, characterized in that: By adopting the construction technology described in any one of claims 1 to 6, the damaged, faded, peeling, hollowing and shelling problems of the water-brushed stone facade of the historical and cultural building are repaired to preserve the historical appearance of the building.

8. Application of the water-brushed stone veneer construction process according to claim 7 in the restoration of the facades of historical and cultural relics buildings, characterized in that: In the historical building restoration scenario, the water-brushed stone veneer construction process also includes raw material matching based on spectral analysis and protective cleaning of the historical patina layer. The raw material matching steps based on spectral analysis are: using a spectrometer to analyze the composition of the aggregate and cement of the historical water-brushed stone, screening matching aggregates and cement based on the analysis results, and adjusting the aggregate grading and cement grade through experiments to make the restoration material similar to the original material in color, texture and strength.

9. Application of the water-brushed stone veneer construction process according to claim 8 in the restoration of the facades of historical and cultural relics buildings, characterized in that: The protective cleaning steps for the historical patina layer are: using a combination of microparticle spraying technology and bio-enzyme cleaning technology, first using microparticle spraying equipment to spray tiny particles under low pressure to remove surface dirt, then diluting the bio-enzyme cleaning agent and applying it to the surface, and brushing and rinsing after the reaction.

10. Application of the water-brushed stone veneer construction process according to claim 7 in the restoration of the facades of historical and cultural relics buildings, characterized in that: During the repair process, the hollowing and shelling parts are located by tapping, and the shelling area is within 0.1m 2 When the cracks are within 0.1m and there is no through crack, epoxy resin grouting is used and the shelling area is greater than 0.1m 2 Or if cracks exist at the same time, chisel them out and redo them; for cracks, expand them on both sides to form a "V"-shaped seam with a width of 10mm, clean and moisten it, and then repair it using the original water stone brushing process.

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