Through-traction intramedullary fixation device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a through-traction intramedullary fixation device, comprising a strip-shaped traction body, a traction end and / or a fixed end. The strip-shaped traction body penetrates from a first drill hole at one end of a broken bone containing a medullary cavity and penetrates from a second drill hole at the other end of the broken bone containing a medullary cavity. A traction end or a fixed end is sleeved on the outside of the strip-shaped traction body at the penetration end, and a traction end is sleeved on the outside of the strip-shaped traction body at the exit end. The traction end is a locking component that can tighten and fix the strip-shaped traction body outward. The present invention uses a method of traction and fixation of both ends of the broken bone, and the wound only needs to expose the fracture end to achieve reduction, thereby achieving the purpose of minimally invasive surgery. The operation is very easy. Compared with the current situation that it is difficult to lock the distal end of the intramedullary nail, the operation efficiency can be significantly improved and the difficulty of the operation can be reduced. The cost is very low, and the product can achieve the advantage of disposable use. The present invention is very easy to dismantle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fracture fixation instruments, and in particular relates to a through-traction intramedullary fixation device. Background Art

[0002] Common fixation methods for fractures include plate fixation and intramedullary nail fixation. Plate fixation is simple to operate and has a short learning cycle, but it is traumatic and has a high chance of accidental injury. It requires a large number of matching models, and infection, nonunion, delayed union, broken nails and broken plates occur from time to time. The postoperative scar is large, which affects the appearance and does not conform to the principle of minimally invasive surgery. Intramedullary nails use closed and minimally invasive technology. Locking intramedullary nails can prevent fracture rotation deformity, reduce the risk of implant breakage, reduce surgical infection rate, promote high fracture healing rate, and central fixation avoids stress shielding, and the incidence of refracture is low. The intramedullary nail method conforms to the principle of minimally invasive surgery and is the current development direction, but it is difficult to operate and learn. It is difficult to lock the distal end of the intramedullary nail. Reduction is divided into closed and limited incision, but both are non-anatomical reductions, and nonunion and delayed union occur, which puts a lot of pressure on patients.

[0003] On the other hand, since intramedullary nails are a linear fixation method, they cannot effectively fix irregular bones with large curvatures, such as the clavicle or radius. Moreover, there is a problem of bone absorption during the recovery period after the fractured bones are connected, which affects normal recovery. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims at the drawbacks of various fracture fixation methods at present, and provides an effective through-traction intramedullary fixation device with a very simplified structure, which is used for docking and fixing broken bones containing medullary cavities, especially irregular broken bones with large curvatures, and utilizes its continuous tension to eliminate the problem of loose bone joints caused by bone absorption. The device is simple to operate, has little trauma, and is easy to install and remove.

[0005] The technical solution adopted to solve the above technical problems is: a through-traction intramedullary fixation device, including a strip-shaped traction body, a traction end and / or a fixed end. The strip-shaped traction body penetrates from a first drill hole at one end of the broken bone containing the medullary cavity and exits from a second drill hole at the other end of the broken bone containing the medullary cavity. The outer side of the strip-shaped traction body at the penetration end is covered with a traction end or a fixed end, and the outer side of the strip-shaped traction body at the exit end is covered with a traction end; the traction end is a locking component that can tighten and fix the strip-shaped traction body outward.

[0006] Among them, the traction end is a threaded locking component, including a screw sleeve, a screw tube and a conical spring piece. The conical spring piece includes a thin diameter end and a thick diameter end. The thin diameter end is contracted into one body, and the thick diameter end is a plurality of divergent independent spring pieces. The thin diameter end of the conical spring piece is fixed together with one end of the screw tube. The strip-shaped traction body is inserted through the contraction tube and the conical spring piece, and a pressure block is fixed on the inner side of some or all of the independent spring pieces of the conical spring piece. A screw sleeve is threadedly connected to the outer side of the screw tube. After the screw sleeve is rotated and moved forward, it can squeeze the thick diameter end of the conical spring to shrink it, thereby causing the pressure block to squeeze the strip-shaped traction body to achieve locking.

[0007] Alternatively, the traction end is a threaded locking component, including a screw sleeve and a screw tube. The screw sleeve is threadedly connected to the outside of the screw tube. The front section of the screw tube is a conical thread section, including multiple independent cone pieces. There are gaps between adjacent cone pieces. After the screw sleeve is rotated and moved forward, it can squeeze the cone pieces to shrink them, and then squeeze the strip-shaped traction body to achieve locking.

[0008] Alternatively, the traction end is a sleeve with a seam on the outside of the strip traction body, the inner end of the sleeve with a seam gasket, one side of the sleeve with a seam contains a crack and a flange is set in the crack and a lock wire is passed through it.

[0009] The fixed end is a polygonal pyramid structure, the tip of which is fixed to the strip-shaped traction body. When the fixed end is pulled and fixed, the tip of which is inserted into the first drill hole to be fixed and prevented from rotating.

[0010] Furthermore, the strip-shaped traction body comprises a left section and a right section, the outer ends of the two sections of the strip-shaped traction body are respectively provided with traction ends and / or fixed ends, and the inner ends of the two sections of the strip-shaped traction body are respectively connected as a whole through the hanging parts and the hung parts.

[0011] In addition, a C-shaped ferrule which is sleeved on the outside of the broken bone is provided, and a screw hole is radially provided on one side of the C-shaped ferrule and is installed with a top screw.

[0012] A gasket may also be sleeved on the inner side of the traction end or the fixing end, and the inner side of the gasket matches and fits with the surrounding surface of the drill hole in the broken bone.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention uses the method of traction and fixation of the two ends of the broken bone, and the wound only needs to expose the fracture end to achieve reduction, achieving the purpose of minimally invasive surgery, and the operation is very easy. Compared with the current situation that the distal end of the intramedullary nail is difficult to lock, it can significantly improve the efficiency of surgery and reduce the difficulty of surgery, and the cost is very low, and the product can achieve the advantage of disposable use. Moreover, the present invention is very easy to dismantle, and there is no need to solve the problem of locking screws during the dismantling process, and even no incision is required.

[0014] 2. During the recovery period of a broken bone, bone absorption and bone growth exist simultaneously, forming a dynamic balance. When the stress level is low, osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts, thus causing the total amount of bone to decrease. The opposite is true when the stress level is high. The strip-shaped traction body in the present invention always has tension (stress), thereby ensuring that the joint bone suture is in close contact at all times. During the treatment period, the fracture site can be rechecked and the strip-shaped traction body can be tightened or relaxed according to the situation, thereby effectively overcoming the problem of bone absorption (there is no gap after the bone suture is joined, and a gap appears during the recovery period due to bone absorption), which is more conducive to rehabilitation. However, the existing central fixation surgery using intramedullary nails and external fixation surgery with steel plates do not have this advantage.

[0015] 3. Compared with intramedullary nail and plate surgery, the present invention has a wider scope of application. It can be applied not only to relatively straight bone fractures containing medullary cavities, but is also particularly suitable for curved or irregular bone fractures, such as clavicle and radius.

[0016] 4. The present invention can reduce the fracture under direct vision and achieve anatomical reduction. The locking technology uses direct vision locking technology, without or with little fluoroscopy, and can retain the soft tissue attachment of the fracture fragment and the blood supply. The implantation method is simple and easy to learn by drilling holes from the outside. Regardless of the different fracture locations, the device can be effectively used. In addition, it does not require medullary expansion or very short medullary expansion, which reduces the occurrence of fat embolism and reduces the amount of internal bleeding.

[0017] 5. The present invention can also be used for fixation of comminuted fractures. When the broken bones are wrapped and fixed with the help of C-shaped ferrules, the symmetrical strip-shaped traction bodies are used for tensioning and fixation. When the broken bones are fixed with absorbable sutures, the removal steps can be simplified. Only the strip-shaped traction body needs to be removed. The strip-shaped traction body can be easily removed by pulling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a perspective view of the through-traction type intramedullary fixation device of the present invention in use.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the present invention during the surgical procedure.

[0020] Figure 3 It is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the first type of traction end locking component.

[0021] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure.

[0022] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the second type of traction end locking component.

[0023] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the connector end.

[0024] Figure 7 is different from Figure 1 Schematic diagram of another traction fixation method.

[0025] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the use state of the present invention for comminuted fractures.

[0026] Fig. 9 yes Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the assembly status.

[0027] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the use of the present invention in combination with absorbable ligatures.

[0028] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention through one end traction end;

[0029] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third type of traction end locking component.

[0030] Numbers in the figure: 1 is a wire rope, 2 is a traction end, 3 is a fixed end, 4 is a hanging component, 5 is a hung component, 6 is a broken bone, 7 is a medullary cavity, 8 is a fracture, 9 is a drill hole, 10 is a bone fragment, 11 is a C-type ferrule, 12 is a top screw, 13 is a screw hole, 14 is an absorbable ligature, 15 is a support pad, 21 is a screw sleeve, 22 is a screw tube, 23 is a conical spring piece, 24 is a pressing block, 25 is a support gasket, 26 is a conical threaded section, 27 is a gap, 28 is a seam-containing casing, 29 is a seam-containing gasket, and 30 is a locking wire. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention is suitable for fixing fractures of long and short tubular bones of limbs, and is particularly suitable for the fixation of irregular or highly arched special-shaped bones such as clavicle and radius.

[0032] Example 1: Figure 1 The first type of through-traction intramedullary fixation device shown in the figure mainly includes a strip-shaped traction body and a fixing component. The strip-shaped traction body in this embodiment is a steel wire rope 1 (it can also be a steel wire, a spring sheet, or a nylon rope). The fixing component can be two traction ends 2 at both ends. Figure 1 As shown, or a traction end 2 at one end and a fixed end 3 at the other end as shown Fig.11 shown.

[0033] The steel wire rope 1 passes through the first drill hole at one end of the broken bone 6 containing the medullary cavity and passes through the second drill hole at the other end of the broken bone 6 containing the medullary cavity. The outer side of the steel wire rope 1 at the passing end is covered with a traction terminal 2 or a fixed terminal 3, and the outer side of the steel wire rope 1 at the passing end is covered with a traction terminal 2. The traction terminal 2 is a locking component that can tighten and fix the steel wire rope 1 outward. The specific structure is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen that the steel wire rope 1 in this embodiment includes a left section and a right section, and the outer ends of the two sections of the steel wire rope 1 are respectively covered with traction ends 2. The inner ends of the two sections of the steel wire rope 1 are connected as a whole through the hanging parts 4 and the hung parts 5, and the drilled holes 9 at both ends of the broken bone 6 are used to tension and fix the steel wire rope 1 through the traction ends. Fig.11 The fixed end 3 at the first drilling position does not actively pull the wire rope 1, but the wire rope 1 is tensioned and fixed by the pulling end 2 at the second drilling position. Figure 1 and Fig.11 In the manner shown, the steel wire ropes 1 are preferably two groups, which are approximately symmetrically distributed. It can also be three groups, which are approximately centrally symmetrically distributed. In special cases, it can be one group, for example, located inside the convex arch, or fixed in a diagonal traction manner as shown in 7.

[0034] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the traction end 2 adopts a threaded locking component, which includes a threaded sleeve 21, a threaded tube 22 and a conical spring 23, or a gasket is added. Figure 4 It can be seen that the conical shrapnel 23 includes a thin diameter end and a thick diameter end, the thin diameter end is contracted into one, and the thick diameter end is a plurality of divergent independent shrapnels, which are horn-shaped as a whole. The thin diameter end of the conical shrapnel 23 is fixed together with one end of the spiral tube 22, and the steel wire rope 1 is simultaneously penetrated and sleeved on the contraction tube and the conical shrapnel 23. In addition, a pressing block 24 is fixed inside some or all of the independent shrapnels of the conical shrapnel 23, and when the conical shrapnel 23 is contracted and deformed inwardly, the corresponding pressing block 24 can be squeezed on the side of the steel wire rope 1 to squeeze and lock the steel wire rope 1. The inner surface of the pressing block 24 is preferably provided with convex and concave lines to increase the local pressure and improve the friction. The outer side of the spiral tube 22 is threadedly connected with a screw sleeve 21, and when the screw sleeve 21 is rotated and moved forward, the thick diameter end of the conical shrapnel can be squeezed to shrink it, so that the pressing block 24 squeezes the steel wire rope 1 to achieve locking.

[0035] During the operation, two corresponding sections of steel wire rope 1, i.e., left section steel wire rope 1 and right section steel wire rope 1, are inserted into the first borehole and the second borehole respectively. The inner end of the left section steel wire rope 1 is fixedly connected with a hanging component 4, and the inner end of the right section steel wire rope 1 is fixedly connected with a hanging component 5. Then, the hanging component 4 and the hanging component 5 are exposed at the fractured bone position respectively, and the hanging component 4 and the hanging component 5 are docked by hand. Figure 2 shown.

[0036] The structures of the hanging component 4 and the hung component 5 are as follows: Figure 6As shown, the hooking component 4 is a hook type, and a spring sheet can be set at the hook entrance to prevent it from falling off. The hung component 5 is a hanging ring type, preferably a flat and long shape with appropriate elasticity. The diameters of the hooking component 4 and the hung component 5 are slightly larger than the diameter of the wire rope 1, and can be inserted and removed from each drilled hole for easy installation and removal.

[0037] Embodiment 2: Based on Embodiment 1, only the traction end 2 is changed, and the following Figure 5 Thread locking components shown. Figure 5 The thread locking component comprises a screw sleeve 21 and a screw tube 22, wherein the screw sleeve 21 is threadedly connected to the outside of the screw tube 22, wherein the front section of the screw tube 22 is a conical thread section 26, comprising a plurality of independent cone pieces, and there is a gap between adjacent cone pieces so that each independent cone piece can be elastically deformed inwardly appropriately. When the screw sleeve 21 is rotated and moved forward, the front side port of the screw sleeve 21 can squeeze each cone piece to shrink it, thereby squeezing the steel wire rope 1 to achieve locking.

[0038] Embodiment 3: Based on Embodiment 1, only the traction end 2 is changed, such as Fig.12 As shown, the traction end 2 is a sleeve 28 with a seam on the outside of the wire rope 1, and a seam gasket 29 is provided at the inner end of the sleeve 28 with a seam. One side of the sleeve 28 has a crack and a flange is provided in the crack and a locking wire 30 is passed through it.

[0039] Embodiment 4: Based on embodiment 1, Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, a C-type ferrule 11 is provided which is sleeved on the outside of the broken bone 6, and a screw hole 13 is radially provided on one side of the C-type ferrule 11 and a top screw 12 is installed. This embodiment can be used for fixing comminuted fractures. When the broken bones are wrapped and fixed with the help of the C-type ferrule 11, the top screw 12 is inserted from the screw hole 13 on one side of the C-type ferrule 11 and supported on the bone surface, and then the symmetrical steel wire rope 1 is used for tensioning and fixing.

[0040] Example 5: Based on the use of symmetrical steel wire ropes 1 to tension and fix the two sections of the broken bone 6 in Example 1, for some comminuted fracture cases, absorbable ligatures 14 are used to fix the broken bones. Fig.10 As shown, the absorbable tie wire 14 can simplify the removal steps, that is, in the removal process of the later recovery period, only the steel wire rope 1 needs to be removed. After unlocking the traction end 2 of the steel wire rope 1, the steel wire rope 1 can be easily removed by pulling, and basically no incision is required for disassembly.

[0041] Embodiment 6: Based on embodiment 1, a gasket may be mounted on the inner side of the traction end 2 or the fixed end 3, or a cushion layer may be mounted inside the C-shaped sleeve of embodiment 4. The inner side of the gasket or cushion layer matches and fits the surrounding surface of the drilled hole of the broken bone 6.

Claims

1. A through-traction intramedullary fixation device, characterized by: The invention comprises a strip-shaped traction body, a traction end and / or a fixed end. The strip-shaped traction body is inserted into a first drill hole at one end of a bone fracture containing a medullary cavity, and a traction end or a fixed end is sleeved on the outer side of the strip-shaped traction body at the inserted end. The traction end is a locking component that can tighten and fix the strip-shaped traction body outward. The traction end is a threaded locking component, including a screw sleeve, a screw tube and a conical spring piece. The conical spring piece includes a thin-diameter end and a thick-diameter end. The thin-diameter end is contracted into one body, and the thick-diameter end is a plurality of divergent independent spring pieces. The thin-diameter end of the conical spring piece is The strip-shaped traction body is fixed together with one end of the spiral tube, and is sleeved on the shrink tube and the conical spring piece. A pressure block is fixed on the inner side of some or all independent spring pieces of the conical spring piece. A screw sleeve is threadedly connected to the outer side of the spiral tube. After the screw sleeve is rotated and moved forward, it can squeeze the thick-diameter end of the conical spring to shrink it, so that the pressure block squeezes the strip-shaped traction body to achieve locking. The traction end is a threaded locking component, including a screw sleeve and a spiral tube. The screw sleeve is threadedly connected to the outer side of the spiral tube. The front section of the spiral tube is a conical thread section, including multiple independent cone pieces, adjacent There is a gap between the cone pieces, and the screw sleeve can squeeze the cone pieces to shrink them after being rotated and moved forward, thereby squeezing the strip-shaped traction body to achieve locking; the strip-shaped traction body is a steel wire rope, and the steel wire rope includes a left section and a right section, and the outer ends of the two sections of the steel wire rope are respectively covered with traction ends; the inner ends of the two sections of the steel wire rope are respectively connected to each other through the hanging parts and the hung parts, and the drilling positions at both ends of the broken bone are tensioned and fixed by the traction ends; the corresponding two sections of steel wire rope are respectively inserted into the first drilling hole and the second drilling hole, that is, the left section of steel wire rope The wire rope and the right section of the wire rope, the inner end of the left section of the wire rope is fixedly connected with a hanging component, and the inner end of the right section of the wire rope is fixedly connected with a hung component; then the hanging component and the hung component are respectively exposed at the broken bone position, and the hanging component and the hung component are docked with each other by hand; the hanging component is a hook type, and a spring piece can be set at the entrance of the hook to prevent it from falling off, and the hung component is a hanging ring type, which is flat and long and has appropriate elasticity; the diameters of the hanging component and the hung component are slightly larger than the diameter of the wire rope, and can be inserted into and out of each drilled hole to facilitate installation and removal.

2. The through-traction intramedullary fixation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The traction end is a sleeve with a seam sleeve on the outside of a strip-shaped traction body, a seam gasket is provided at the inner end of the sleeve with a seam, one side of the sleeve with a seam has a crack, and a flange is provided in the crack and a locking wire is passed through the crack.

3. The through-traction intramedullary fixation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed end head is a polygonal pyramid structure, and its tip is fixed to the strip-shaped traction body. When the fixed end head is pulled and fixed, its tip is inserted into the first drill hole for clamping and preventing rotation.

4. The through-traction intramedullary fixation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A C-shaped clamp sleeve which is sleeved on the outside of the broken bone is also provided. A screw hole is radially provided on one side of the C-shaped clamp sleeve and a top screw is installed thereon.

5. The through-traction intramedullary fixation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gasket is sleeved on the inner side of the traction end or the fixed end, and the inner side of the gasket matches and fits with the surrounding surface of the broken bone drilling hole.

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