A drilling and blasting method for tunnel softness, large deformation and rockburst pretreatment TBM

Abstract

The present invention discloses a TBM for pre-treatment of weak large deformation and rock burst in tunnels using drilling and blasting method, which solves the problems of low construction efficiency and safety factor in the process of pre-treatment of weak large deformation and rock burst in tunnels using drilling and blasting method in the prior art. The present invention includes a mobile body, on which a slag discharge system, an X-type support shoe system and a telescopic mechanism are provided. The front end of the telescopic mechanism is connected to a hollow shaft through a main drive, an outer spiral is provided on the outer circumference of the hollow shaft, a cutter disc is provided at the front end of the hollow shaft, and the main drive is connected to the mobile body through a propulsion mechanism. The mobile body of the present invention has its own power and can move flexibly to achieve advanced excavation. It is used when large deformation is encountered in the drilling and blasting method, thereby improving construction efficiency and reducing construction risks. The flexibility of the TBM construction method combined with the mining method can avoid major construction risks under special geological conditions and improve the safety factor of construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a tunnel soft and large deformation and rock burst pretreatment TBM using a drill and blast method. Background Art

[0002] TBM (full-section rock tunnel boring machine) is widely used in tunnel construction due to its safety, high efficiency, and environmental protection. The construction environment of TBM tunnels is extremely harsh, especially in high-altitude, deep-buried, and ultra-long tunnel environments. TBM construction faces complex geological conditions such as machine jamming, hard rock rockburst, soft rock large deformation, high ground (rock and water) temperature, broken rock mass in fault zones, and sudden water and mud gushing, which seriously affect construction safety and efficiency. The previous solution was manual advance excavation, which had harsh working conditions, low work efficiency, serious landslides or anti-rockburst measures, requiring a lot of support work, and low construction efficiency and safety factor. Therefore, it is necessary to design a TBM for drilling and blasting tunnels with weak large deformation and rockburst pretreatment to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention proposes a TBM for pre-treating weak large deformation and rockburst of tunnels using drill and blast method, which solves the problems of low construction efficiency and safety factor in the prior art in the process of pre-treating weak large deformation and rockburst of tunnels using drill and blast method.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: a TBM for pre-treating weak large deformation and rock burst in a tunnel using a drilling and blasting method comprises a mobile body, on which a slag discharge system, an X-type support shoe system and a telescopic mechanism are arranged, the front end of the telescopic mechanism is connected to a hollow shaft through a main drive, an outer spiral is arranged on the outer circumference of the hollow shaft, a cutter disc is arranged at the front end of the hollow shaft, and the main drive is connected to the mobile body through a propulsion mechanism.

[0005] The telescopic mechanism comprises an outer shell and an inner shell. The outer shell is fixed on the mobile vehicle body and is located above the slag discharge system. The inner shell is arranged inside the outer shell and moves along the outer shell under the action of the propulsion mechanism to realize the extension and retraction of the cutter disc.

[0006] The X-type gripper system includes a left bracket and a right bracket, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the outer shell, and upper gripper cylinders and lower gripper cylinders are arranged on the left bracket and the right bracket, and gripper plates are arranged on the upper gripper cylinders and the lower gripper cylinders on the left bracket and the upper gripper cylinders and the lower gripper cylinders on the right bracket form an X shape to form gripper support for the excavated tunnel.

[0007] The upper shoe support cylinder and the lower shoe support cylinder are both inclined, and the angle between the upper shoe support cylinder and the lower shoe support cylinder is 20° to 65° to form an X-shaped shoe support.

[0008] The propulsion mechanism comprises a symmetrically arranged propulsion oil cylinder, one end of which is hinged to the main drive, and the other end of which is hinged to the corresponding left bracket or right bracket.

[0009] The output end of the main drive is provided with a main bearing, the hollow shaft is matched with the main bearing, and the bottom of the main drive is provided with an auxiliary support.

[0010] The slag discharging system comprises a slag bucket and a scraper chain, the scraper chain corresponds to the slag bucket, and the slag bucket extends out of the mobile vehicle body and is used to receive the slag soil sent down by the outer spiral.

[0011] The bottom of the mobile vehicle body is provided with running wheels, crawlers are connected between the running wheels, a driving system and a control system are provided on the mobile vehicle body, the driving system is connected with the control system, and the running wheels are connected with the driving system.

[0012] The present invention adopts a crawler-type walking mechanism and cooperates with the inner and outer Kai structures to facilitate the excavation and direction adjustment of the cutter disc; the cutter disc realizes automatic slag discharge through a hollow shaft with an external spiral. The mobile body of the present invention has its own power and can move flexibly to achieve advanced excavation. It can be used when the drilling and blasting method encounters large deformation, improve construction efficiency, and reduce construction risks. The flexibility of the TBM construction method combined with the mining method can avoid major construction risks under special geological conditions and improve the construction safety factor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying any creative work.

[0014] Figure 1 It is a main schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a top view schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 It is a rear view schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 It is a front view schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional axial schematic diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] like Figure 1-5 As shown, Example 1, a TBM for pre-treatment of weak large deformation and rock burst in a tunnel using a drill and blast method, includes a mobile body 14, which is self-powered and easy to move. The mobile body 14 is provided with a slag discharge system 12, an X-type support shoe system 8 and a telescopic mechanism 15, and the slag excavated by the cutter head is finally discharged from the outside of the tunnel through the slag discharge system. The X-type support shoe system can not only withstand the reaction force during excavation, but also serve as a device deviation correction and direction adjustment mechanism. When in use, it presses against the inner wall of the tunnel and plays a supporting role at the same time. The front end of the telescopic mechanism 15 is connected to a hollow shaft 2 through a main drive 4, and the main drive 4 provides power for the rotation of the hollow shaft 2. The use of the hollow shaft can reduce the mass and improve the excavation efficiency. An outer spiral 3 is provided on the outer circumference of the hollow shaft 2, and the outer spiral can be spliced ​​and extended in sections, and the outer spiral can be welded on the hollow shaft. A cutter head 1 is provided at the front end of the hollow shaft 2. The main drive drives the hollow shaft to rotate, and the cutter head rotates to excavate. The excavated slag is discharged backwards under the action of the outer spiral, and then transported to the outside through the slag discharge system. The main drive 4 is connected to the mobile vehicle 14 through the propulsion mechanism 7. Under the action of the propulsion mechanism, the telescopic mechanism 15 is telescoped to realize the propulsion of the cutter head.

[0021] Furthermore, the telescopic mechanism 15 includes an outer shell 9 and an inner shell 6. The outer shell 9 is fixed on the mobile vehicle body 14 and is located above the slag discharge system 12 to ensure that there is no interference during the slag discharge process. The inner shell 6 is set inside the outer shell 9 and is slidably connected to the outer shell. Under the action of the propulsion mechanism 7, the inner shell 6 moves along the outer shell 9 to achieve its telescopic effect.

[0022] Further, the X-type shoe support system 8 includes a left support 8-1 and a right support 8-2, both of which are fixedly arranged on the mobile vehicle body, and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the outer cover 9. The left support 8-1 and the right support 8-2 are both provided with an upper shoe support cylinder 8-3 and a lower shoe support cylinder 8-4, and the upper shoe support cylinder 8-3 and the lower shoe support cylinder 8-4 are both provided with a shoe support plate 8-5, forming a left shoe support mechanism and a right shoe support mechanism with the same structure. The upper shoe support cylinder 8-3 and the lower shoe support cylinder 8-4 are both inclinedly arranged, and the angle between the upper shoe support cylinder 8-3 and the lower shoe support cylinder 8-4 is 30°, 45° or 60°. The upper shoe support cylinder and the lower shoe support cylinder on the left support correspond to the corresponding upper shoe support cylinder and the lower shoe support cylinder on the right support to form an X shape, forming shoe support for the excavated tunnel and increasing the support area.

[0023] Example 2, a TBM for pre-treatment of weak large deformation and rock burst in a tunnel using a drilling and blasting method, wherein the propulsion mechanism 7 includes symmetrically arranged propulsion cylinders 7-1, one end of which is hinged to the main drive 4, and the other end is hinged to the corresponding left bracket 8-1. One end of another propulsion cylinder 7-1 is hinged to the main drive 4, and the other end is hinged to the corresponding right bracket 8-2. Under the action of the propulsion cylinder, the main drive drives the inner cam to move along the outer cam, realizing the extension and retraction of the cutterhead to complete an excavation stroke.

[0024] Furthermore, the output end of the main drive 4 is provided with a main bearing 5, and the hollow shaft 2 cooperates with the main bearing 5. The main drive drives the hollow shaft to rotate to realize the rotation of the cutter disc. An auxiliary support 13 is provided at the bottom of the main drive 4. The auxiliary support can be folded, and when in use, it forms a support for the main drive. The slag discharge system 12 includes a slag bucket 12-1 and a scraper chain 12-2. The scraper chain 12-2 corresponds to the slag bucket 12-1. The slag bucket 12-1 extends out of the mobile body 14 and is used to receive the slag sent down by the outer spiral 3. The slag excavated by the cutter disc is thrown to the outer spiral under the action of the scraper bucket of the cutter disc itself, and then the slag is thrown to the slag bucket under the action of the outer spiral, and then transported to the outside under the action of the scraper chain.

[0025] Furthermore, the bottom of the mobile body 14 is provided with running wheels 11, and tracks 16 are connected between the running wheels 11 to form a tracked mobile body. The mobile body 14 is provided with a drive system 10 and a control system, and the control system is the control center of the device. The drive system 10 is connected to the control system, and the running wheels 11 are connected to the drive system to provide power for the mobile body. The opening and closing of the drive system is controlled by the control system.

[0026] During excavation, the cutterhead and the inner liner move together under the action of the propulsion mechanism through a cylinder stroke, and the slag is scraped out by the scraper bucket inside the cutterhead, falls into the rear of the cutterhead, and is discharged from the excavation surface through the external spiral; the discharged slag is transported to the rear of the equipment by the slag discharge system, and finally transported out of the tunnel; after a digging process is completed, the auxiliary support under the main drive is opened, the support shoe cylinder is retracted, and the power system drives the equipment to move. After moving into place, the auxiliary support system is opened to temporarily support the equipment for the next operation cycle. In case of extremely broken surrounding rock or rock burst, after the advance excavation is completed, an air bag is placed in the advance pilot tunnel for rapid pressurization to prevent the pilot tunnel from collapsing rapidly and causing the advance tunnel to collapse.

[0027] The other mechanisms are the same as those in the first embodiment.

[0028] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drill-and-blast tunnel soft large deformation and rockburst pretreatment TBM, characterized by: The invention comprises a mobile body (14), the mobile body (14) is provided with a slag discharge system (12), an X-shaped support shoe system (8) and a telescopic mechanism (15), the front end of the telescopic mechanism (15) is connected to a hollow shaft (2) via a main drive (4), an outer spiral (3) is provided on the outer circumference of the hollow shaft (2), a cutter disc (1) is provided at the front end of the hollow shaft (2), the main drive (4) is connected to the mobile body (14) via a propulsion mechanism (7); the cutter disc realizes automatic slag discharge via the hollow shaft with an outer spiral; An auxiliary support (13) is provided at the bottom of the main drive (4), and a travel wheel (11) is provided at the bottom of the mobile vehicle body (14). Tracks (16) are connected between the travel wheels (11). The mobile vehicle body has its own power and moves flexibly to achieve advanced excavation. It is used when the drilling and blasting method encounters large deformation, thereby reducing construction risks. The slag discharge system (12) comprises a slag bucket (12-1) and a scraper chain (12-2), the scraper chain (12-2) corresponding to the slag bucket (12-1), the slag bucket (12-1) extending out of the mobile vehicle body (14) and used to receive the slag sent down by the outer spiral (3); the slag excavated by the cutter disc is thrown to the outer spiral under the action of the slag bucket of the cutter disc itself, and then thrown to the slag bucket under the action of the outer spiral, and then transported to the outside under the action of the scraper chain.

2. The drill-and-blast tunnel soft large deformation and rockburst pretreatment TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic mechanism (15) comprises an outer shell (9) and an inner shell (6), wherein the outer shell (9) is fixed on the mobile vehicle body (14) and is located above the slag discharge system (12), and the inner shell (6) is arranged inside the outer shell (9) and moves along the outer shell (9) under the action of the propulsion mechanism (7).

3. The drill-and-blast tunnel soft large deformation and rockburst pretreatment TBM according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The X-shaped support shoe system (8) comprises a left bracket (8-1) and a right bracket (8-2), the left bracket (8-1) and the right bracket (8-2) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the outer shell (9), the left bracket (8-1) and the right bracket (8-2) are both provided with an upper support shoe cylinder (8-3) and a lower support shoe cylinder (8-4), and the upper support shoe cylinder (8-3) and the lower support shoe cylinder (8-4) are both provided with a support shoe plate (8-5).

4. The drill-and-blast tunnel soft large deformation and rockburst pretreatment TBM according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper support shoe oil cylinder (8-3) and the lower support shoe oil cylinder (8-4) are both arranged tilted, and the angle between the upper support shoe oil cylinder (8-3) and the lower support shoe oil cylinder (8-4) is 20° to 65°.

5. The drill-and-blast tunnel soft large deformation and rockburst pretreatment TBM according to claim 4, characterized in that: The propulsion mechanism (7) comprises a symmetrically arranged propulsion cylinder (7-1), one end of which is hinged to the main drive (4) and the other end of which is hinged to the corresponding left bracket (8-1) or right bracket (8-2).

6. The drill-and-blast tunnel soft large deformation and rockburst pretreatment TBM according to claim 1, 4 or 5, characterized in that: The output end of the main drive (4) is provided with a main bearing (5), and the hollow shaft (2) matches the main bearing (5).

7. The drill-and-blast tunnel soft large deformation and rockburst pretreatment TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mobile vehicle body (14) is provided with a driving system (10) and a control system, the driving system (10) is connected to the control system, and the running wheels (11) are connected to the driving system.

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