A performance optimization system and method for power grid GIS cloud platform

Abstract

A performance optimization system and method for a power grid GIS cloud platform, a service interface module, used to parse a received client request to obtain a service request, and load the service request into a container management module; a container management module, used to call a service of a service optimization module based on the service request, and allocate service resources according to the customer level; a service optimization module, used to allocate service resources according to the customer level, and use the allocated service resources to execute the service request operation in a GIS image database that establishes index information. The hierarchical design of the present invention improves the access validity, reliability, security, and scalability of the power grid GIS cloud platform, and at the same time improves the utilization rate of data resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the informatization of power transmission line engineering, and in particular to a performance optimization system and method for a power grid GIS cloud platform. Background Art

[0002] Cloud computing is a resource utilization model that allows users to quickly deploy resources by accessing configurable computing resources through the network in a simple and on-demand manner. In this model, applications, data, and resources are provided to users through the network as services; a large number of computing resources form a resource pool, which is used to dynamically create highly virtualized resources for users to use. Power grid GIS data has real-time and dynamic information changes, and requires timely collection, processing, and analysis of instant information. According to the technical standards of the power industry and the business needs of power companies, power grid GIS data should have good maintainability and scalability, and realize one-time input and multiple output of data to ensure data consistency operations, unified data management, and multi-layer protection. However, for massive data analysis tasks, the power grid GIS cloud platform lacks parallel optimization for massive data mining and analysis algorithms. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a performance optimization system and method for a power grid GIS cloud platform.

[0004] The technical solution provided by the present invention is: a performance optimization system for a power grid GIS cloud platform, comprising:

[0005] The service interface module is used to parse the received client request to obtain the service request, and load the service request into the container management module;

[0006] A container management module, used for calling the service of the service optimization module based on the service request and allocating service resources according to the customer level;

[0007] The service optimization module is used to allocate service resources according to customer levels and use the allocated service resources to execute the service request operation in the GIS image database with index information.

[0008] Preferably, the service interface module includes:

[0009] A parsing unit, used for receiving a client request and parsing the client request;

[0010] The slicing service unit is used to perform slicing operations on the image data uploaded by the client to generate tile data;

[0011] Image processing service unit, used by the client to send query, add, update and delete requests to GIS image data;

[0012] The extended service unit is used by the client to request customized data processing services and store them on the cloud platform.

[0013] Preferably, the service optimization module includes:

[0014] An operation submodule, used to utilize the allocated service resources based on the service request, locate in the tiles pre-divided for the GIS image database and the index information set for the tiles, and execute the requested operation;

[0015] The result return submodule is used to obtain the request result and return the request result to the requesting client through the container management module when the client sends a query request for GIS image data;

[0016] The index information includes: the unit, year, region and quantity of the GIS image data.

[0017] Preferably, the return result submodule includes:

[0018] The continuous online checking unit is used to actively connect with the client at preset time intervals when the client receives the request result. If a disconnection is found, the current service status is recorded. When the client is connected to the power grid GIS cloud platform again, the last service is continued.

[0019] Preferably, the data storage submodule includes:

[0020] The resource security check unit is used to convert the image data uploaded by the client into image slice data and check the image slice data. When the image slice data contains white-edge slices, viruses or junk data, and the degree of fit with adjacent slices is not zero, an error reminder is returned to the client.

[0021] Preferably, the service optimization module further includes:

[0022] The resource activity service submodule is used to update the tiles of the active database and load them into the container;

[0023] The service resource allocation module is used to allocate service resources according to customer levels.

[0024] Preferably, the resource activity service submodule includes:

[0025] The resource activity monitoring service unit is used to obtain tiles and corresponding clients that have been operated more than a preset number of times in the GIS image database within a preset period, store the tiles and corresponding clients with the preset number of times in the active database, and create an index for the tiles in the active database;

[0026] The resource activity adjustment service unit is used to load the tiles corresponding to the client into the container created by the container management module when the client is in the active database, and allocate a preset capacity of memory service and resource pre-cache service.

[0027] Preferably, the service resource allocation module includes:

[0028] A resource service unit, used for providing exclusive resource services to the first-level customer when the customer level is a first-level customer, and also used for providing resource sharing services to the second-level customer through the resource service unit when the customer level is a second-level customer;

[0029] A transmission capacity service unit, configured to allocate a first transmission bandwidth, a first transmission efficiency and a first transmission speed to a primary customer, and to allocate a second transmission bandwidth, a second transmission efficiency and a second transmission speed to a secondary customer;

[0030] Among them, the first-level customer level is higher than the second-level customer; the first transmission bandwidth is wider than the second transmission bandwidth; the first transmission efficiency is higher than the second transmission efficiency; and the first transmission speed is faster than the second transmission speed.

[0031] Preferably, the performance optimization system further includes: a data storage module;

[0032] The data storage module is used to store tiles after adding, updating and deleting the GIS image data in the GIS image database when the client sends an add, update and delete request to the GIS image data.

[0033] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a performance optimization method for a power grid GIS cloud platform, including:

[0034] The service interface module parses the received client request to obtain a service request, and loads the service request into the container management module;

[0035] The container management module calls the service of the service optimization module based on the service request;

[0036] Service resources are allocated according to the customer level, and the service request operation is performed in the GIS image database with index information using the allocated service resources.

[0037] Preferably, the service interface module parses the received client request to obtain the service request, including:

[0038] The service interface module receives the client request and parses the client request to obtain a slicing service request, an image processing service request and an extended service request;

[0039] The slicing service request is to perform a slicing operation on the image data uploaded by the client to generate tile data;

[0040] The image processing service request is a query, add, update and delete request sent by the client to the GIS image data;

[0041] The extended service request is a request by the client for a customized data processing service and is stored in the cloud platform.

[0042] Preferably, the step of using the allocated service resources to perform the request operation in a GIS image database with index information established includes:

[0043] Based on the service request, the allocated service resources are used to locate the tiles pre-divided for the GIS image database and the index information set for the tiles, and execute the requested operation;

[0044] The index information includes: the unit, year, region and quantity of the GIS image data.

[0045] Preferably, after executing the service request operation in the GIS image database with index information established by utilizing the allocated service resources, the method further comprises:

[0046] When the client sends a query request for GIS image data, the request result is obtained and returned to the client making the request through the container management module;

[0047] When the client sends an add, update or delete request to the GIS image data, the data storage module stores the tiles after the add, update or delete operation on the GIS image data in the GIS image database.

[0048] Preferably, the step of obtaining the request result and returning the request result to the client making the request through the container management module further includes:

[0049] When the client receives the request result, it actively connects to the client at a preset time interval. If it is found to be offline, the current service status is recorded. When the client is connected to the power grid GIS cloud platform again, the last service is continued.

[0050] Preferably, when the client sends an add and update request to the GIS image data, it includes:

[0051] Convert the image data uploaded by the client into image slice data;

[0052] The image slice data is checked, and when the image slice data contains white-edge slices, viruses or junk data, and the degree of fit with adjacent slices is not zero, an error reminder is returned to the client.

[0053] Preferably, the step of using the allocated service resources to perform the request operation in a GIS image database with index information established further comprises:

[0054] Obtain tiles and corresponding clients that have been operated more than a preset number of times in a GIS image database within a preset period, store the tiles and corresponding clients of the preset number of times in an active database, and create an index for the tiles in the active database;

[0055] When the client is in the active database, the tiles corresponding to the client are loaded into the container created by the container management module, and a memory service and a resource pre-cache service of a preset capacity are allocated.

[0056] Preferably, the allocating service resources according to customer levels includes:

[0057] When the customer level is a first-level customer, the resource service unit provides exclusive resource services for the first-level customer, and the transmission capacity service unit allocates a first transmission bandwidth, a first transmission efficiency and a first transmission speed for the first-level customer;

[0058] When the customer level is a secondary customer, a resource sharing service is provided for the secondary customer through a resource service unit, and a transmission capacity service unit allocates a second transmission bandwidth, a second transmission efficiency and a second transmission speed for the secondary customer;

[0059] Among them, the first-level customer level is higher than the second-level customer; the first transmission bandwidth is wider than the second transmission bandwidth; the first transmission efficiency is higher than the second transmission efficiency; and the first transmission speed is faster than the second transmission speed.

[0060] Compared with the closest prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0061] The technical solution provided by the present invention comprises a service interface module, which is used to parse a received client request to obtain a service request, and load the service request into a container management module; a container management module, which is used to call a service of a service optimization module based on the service request, and allocate service resources according to the customer level; a service optimization module, which is used to allocate service resources according to the customer level, and use the allocated service resources to execute the service request operation in a GIS image database that establishes index information, thereby improving the utilization rate of data resources through the customer level, establishing an index in the GIS image database, and improving the speed of mining massive data.

[0062] The technical solution provided by the present invention and the hierarchical design improve the access validity, reliability, security and scalability of the power grid GIS cloud platform.

[0063] The technical solution provided by the present invention provides a service interface module that provides a service for the client to quickly select a service.

[0064] In the technical solution provided by the present invention, the container management module realizes the isolation of services and resources enjoyed by the client.

[0065] The technical solution provided by the present invention improves resource utilization, network transmission capacity and security performance of the service optimization module.

[0066] The technical solution provided by the present invention, the data storage module improves the access and storage performance of resources and provides assistance for efficient and rapid access to resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0067] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the performance optimization system of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the performance optimization system of the power grid GIS cloud platform in Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] In order to better understand the present invention, the content of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0070] Example 1

[0071] Figure 1 , is a schematic diagram of the performance optimization system structure of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, including:

[0072] S1, a service interface module, used to parse the received client request to obtain a service request, and load the service request into the container management module;

[0073] S2, a container management module, used to call the service of the service optimization module based on the service request and allocate service resources according to the customer level;

[0074] S3, a service optimization module, which is used to allocate service resources according to customer levels, and use the allocated service resources to execute the service request operation in the GIS image database with index information.

[0075] The service interface module is the channel between the external system and the power grid GIS cloud platform. All client requests access the lower-level services of the GIS cloud platform through the service interface module. The service interface module includes slice service, image query service, image addition service, image update service, image deletion service, and extended service. Slice service is a service request for power grid GIS image data; image query service, image addition service, image update service, and image deletion service are respectively query, addition, update, and deletion requests sent to power grid GIS image data; extended service allows customers to customize data processing services and store them in the cloud, specifying customer-defined services to allow themselves to access.

[0076] The container management module creates Docker containers for service requesters. Each container accepts front-end service requests from the service interface module, calls back-end computing and data services, and implements the client's business needs. When the current number of containers does not meet the client's traffic request, more Docker containers are automatically added to maintain high performance. The container management module is a collection of Docker containers.

[0077] The service optimization module includes resource sharing service, exclusive resource service, transmission capacity service, resource activity adjustment service, resource security check, and continuous online check.

[0078] Resource sharing service provides data sharing for authorized units of power grid GIS data sharing, which can realize real-time resource transmission and sharing;

[0079] Exclusive resource service is to provide exclusive resource service for high-quality customers, and provide scheduled exclusive service and irregular exclusive resource service;

[0080] The transmission capacity service provides different bandwidths for customers of different priorities, provides resources with different transmission efficiencies and speeds, and also guarantees the transmission performance of high-quality customers;

[0081] Resource activity adjustment service is to allocate more computing resources and memory services to active resources, as well as resource pre-caching services. This service can set the resource activity monitoring time, monthly active resource detection service, or quarterly active resource detection service to automatically allocate computing resources and memory resources to more active resources;

[0082] Resource security check is to provide security check service for the resources updated by customers, to ensure that the data format uploaded by customers to the power grid GIS cloud platform is safe and clean. Format security means that there are no white-edge slices for image slice data, and it can fit seamlessly with adjacent slices. Data cleanliness means that the image does not contain viruses or junk data.

[0083] Continuous online checking means ensuring that customers remain connected when receiving services provided by the power grid GIS cloud platform. This means that when users receive business services, a lightweight online checking tool is provided. The tool connects to the client once at a fixed time. If a disconnection is found, the current service status is recorded to ensure that the next time the client connects to the power grid GIS cloud platform, the last service can be continued.

[0084] The performance optimization system of the power grid GIS cloud platform also includes a data storage module, including a power grid GIS tile data indexing mechanism and tile data hierarchical storage.

[0085] The tile data of the power grid GIS image establishes a cutting range library according to the hierarchical level, and allocates storage areas for tile storage within the same hierarchical range. The same level can be divided according to name and year.

[0086] The tile data indexing mechanism refers to establishing indexes for key tiles in the region. The first is to ensure that tiles in the area requested by the client can be quickly indexed, and the second is to avoid establishing indexes for all tiles, which would cause a waste of data storage resources.

[0087] The steps of the massive power grid GIS data mining and analysis algorithm are as follows:

[0088] 1. Establish cluster directory index and cluster directory. Establish cluster directory index based on the grid GIS data of each unit, each year and each region of the grid GIS, and quickly locate the cluster directory pointed to by the cluster directory index according to customer requests (the first step to reduce response time); the cluster directory will establish the directory and data year based on the creation user, creation time, regional topological relationship, regional size, slice level, and then quickly obtain the grid GIS slice data based on the above single column query or cascade query.

[0089] 2. Establish and optimize the query algorithm. The power grid GIS data is mainly divided into power grid GIS batch query / deletion / addition / modification, and power grid GIS data single point query / deletion / addition / modification. Regardless of the unit, area size, creation time, year, regional topology, slice level, an algorithm is created for each type. After timer testing, keywords with fast query speed are selected, and a total of 56 query interfaces are created.

[0090] 3. Limit the data in the aggregation directory. The number of aggregation directories limits the query efficiency. After determining the query type, ensure that each query and acquisition of the power grid GIS is controlled within 1 minute. After time control testing, it is found that the data in each aggregation directory list should be limited according to the slice level. The number of directories for data aggregation directories with a higher slice level should be reduced by 10 times the amount of data.

[0091] 4. Dynamically load retrieval pages. A paging mechanism is established for the clustered index directory. The paging mechanism is evenly divided according to the number of power grid GIS data slices, which is called a paging slice area. This area is a retrieval page in the current cluster directory. Each retrieval page has a page retrieval index, which is used to quickly locate the paging slice area, load the paging slice area data into the memory, and then quickly load the power grid GIS data required by the customer in the paging slice area. The page retrieval index of each paging slice area is dynamically updated, that is, the slice with the most user loading times is the index slice, which is the page retrieval index. The initial page retrieval index position is the middle area of ​​the paging slice area, which is reflected in the directory as the data value in the middle position.

[0092] Example 2

[0093] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, taking the client's request for the 15-meter image data update service of Beijing Xicheng District from the power grid GIS cloud platform as an example, the service interface layer first receives the client's image update service. This layer determines that this image update service requires the use of slice service, image query and image addition, and requests Docker resources from the next layer. It finds that the current number of containers is full, so Docker automatically creates a new Docker container, mounts the front-end image update service, slice service, image query and image addition requests, and applies for service calls to the back end.

[0094] After receiving the resources, the computing optimization found that the client was a high-quality customer and provided him with exclusive resource services. The transmission capacity service allocated more bandwidth to provide data services.

[0095] The resource activity adjustment service synchronously monitors the activity of the data. By affecting the query request, the resource activity adjustment service adds one to the image activity of Beijing's Xicheng District. The resource security check performs data format and clean data checks on the 15-meter image uploaded this time. First, it checks whether there are white-edge tiles after the 15-meter image is sliced. If so, an update request is returned to the client and a data error prompt is given. If the data format is correct, a cleanliness check is performed, that is, whether it carries virus files or junk files. If the data passes the security check, it is transmitted to the data resource storage layer.

[0096] During this period, the continuous online inspection tool will keep monitoring whether the power grid GIS cloud platform is continuously connected to the client. If it is disconnected, the service breakpoint will be recorded and the next service will continue to update the data.

[0097] The slice data of the 15-meter image of Xicheng District, Beijing is transmitted to the data resource storage after the above processing, stored in the 15-meter level image storage area, and the tile data index mechanism is used to create indexes for key tiles.

[0098] At this point, the client's request to the power grid GIS cloud platform for the 15-meter image data update service of Beijing Xicheng District is completed.

[0099] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented in one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that include computer-usable program code.

[0100] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0101] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0102] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0103] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included in the scope of the claims of the present invention to be approved.

Claims

1. A performance optimization system for a power grid GIS cloud platform, characterized in that: include: The service interface module is used to parse the received client request to obtain the service request, and load the service request into the container management module; A container management module, used for calling the service of the service optimization module based on the service request and allocating service resources according to the customer level; A service optimization module, for allocating service resources according to customer levels, and executing the service request operation in the GIS image database with index information using the allocated service resources; The service optimization module further includes: The resource activity service submodule is used to update the tiles of the active database and load them into the container; The service resource allocation module is used to allocate service resources according to customer levels; The asset activity service submodule includes: The resource activity monitoring service unit is used to obtain tiles and corresponding clients that have been operated more than a preset number of times in the GIS image database within a preset period, store the tiles and corresponding clients with the preset number of times in the active database, and create an index for the tiles in the active database; A resource activity adjustment service unit, configured to load tiles corresponding to the client into the container created by the container management module when the client is in the active database, and allocate a memory service and a resource pre-cache service of a preset capacity; The service resource allocation module includes: A resource service unit, used for providing exclusive resource services to the first-level customer when the customer level is a first-level customer, and also used for providing resource sharing services to the second-level customer through the resource service unit when the customer level is a second-level customer; A transmission capacity service unit, configured to allocate a first transmission bandwidth, a first transmission efficiency and a first transmission speed to a primary customer, and to allocate a second transmission bandwidth, a second transmission efficiency and a second transmission speed to a secondary customer; Among them, the first-level customer level is higher than the second-level customer; the first transmission bandwidth is wider than the second transmission bandwidth; the first transmission efficiency is higher than the second transmission efficiency; and the first transmission speed is faster than the second transmission speed.

2. The performance optimization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The service interface module comprises: A parsing unit, used for receiving a client request and parsing the client request; The slicing service unit is used to perform slicing operations on the image data uploaded by the client to generate tile data; Image processing service unit, used by the client to send query, add, update and delete requests to GIS image data; The extended service unit is used by the client to request customized data processing services and store them on the cloud platform.

3. The performance optimization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The service optimization module comprises: An operation submodule, used to utilize the allocated service resources based on the service request, locate in the tiles pre-divided for the GIS image database and the index information set for the tiles, and execute the requested operation; The result return submodule is used to obtain the request result and return the request result to the requesting client through the container management module when the client sends a query request for GIS image data; The index information includes: the unit, year, region and quantity of the GIS image data.

4. The performance optimization system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The return result submodule includes: The continuous online checking unit is used to actively connect with the client at preset time intervals when the client receives the request result. If a disconnection is found, the current service status is recorded. When the client is connected to the power grid GIS cloud platform again, the last service is continued.

5. The performance optimization system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The return result submodule includes: The resource security check unit is used to convert the image data uploaded by the client into image slice data and check the image slice data. When the image slice data contains white-edge slices, viruses or junk data, and the degree of fit with adjacent slices is not zero, an error reminder is returned to the client.

6. The performance optimization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Data storage module; The data storage module is used to store tiles after adding, updating and deleting the GIS image data in the GIS image database when the client sends an add, update and delete request to the GIS image data.

7. A performance optimization method for a power grid GIS cloud platform, characterized in that: include: The service interface module parses the received client request to obtain a service request, and loads the service request into the container management module; The container management module calls the service of the service optimization module based on the service request; Allocate service resources according to customer levels, and use the allocated service resources to execute the service request operation in the GIS image database with index information; The step of using the allocated service resources to perform the request operation in the GIS image database with index information also includes: Obtain tiles and corresponding clients that have been operated more than a preset number of times in a GIS image database within a preset period, store the tiles and corresponding clients of the preset number of times in an active database, and create an index for the tiles in the active database; When the client is in the active database, the tile corresponding to the client is loaded into the container created by the container management module, and a memory service and a resource pre-cache service of a preset capacity are allocated; The allocating service resources according to customer levels includes: When the customer level is a first-level customer, the resource service unit provides exclusive resource services for the first-level customer, and the transmission capacity service unit allocates a first transmission bandwidth, a first transmission efficiency and a first transmission speed for the first-level customer; When the customer level is a secondary customer, a resource sharing service is provided for the secondary customer through a resource service unit, and a transmission capacity service unit allocates a second transmission bandwidth, a second transmission efficiency and a second transmission speed for the secondary customer; Among them, the first-level customer level is higher than the second-level customer; the first transmission bandwidth is wider than the second transmission bandwidth; the first transmission efficiency is higher than the second transmission efficiency; and the first transmission speed is faster than the second transmission speed.

8. The performance optimization method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The service interface module parses the received client request to obtain the service request, including: The service interface module receives the client request and parses the client request to obtain a slicing service request, an image processing service request and an extended service request; The slicing service request is to perform a slicing operation on the image data uploaded by the client to generate tile data; The image processing service request is a query, add, update and delete request sent by the client to the GIS image data; The extended service request is a request by the client for a customized data processing service and is stored in the cloud platform.

9. The performance optimization method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step of utilizing the allocated service resources to perform the request operation in the GIS image database with index information established includes: Based on the service request, the allocated service resources are used to locate the tiles pre-divided for the GIS image database and the index information set for the tiles, and execute the requested operation; The index information includes: the unit, year, region and quantity of the GIS image data.

10. The performance optimization method according to claim 9, characterized in that: After executing the service request operation in the GIS image database with index information using the allocated service resources, the method further includes: When the client sends a query request for GIS image data, the request result is obtained and returned to the client making the request through the container management module; When the client sends an add, update or delete request to the GIS image data, the data storage module stores the tiles after the add, update or delete operation on the GIS image data in the GIS image database.

11. The performance optimization method according to claim 10, characterized in that: The obtaining of the request result and returning the request result to the client making the request through the container management module further includes: When the client receives the request result, it actively connects to the client at a preset time interval. If it is found to be offline, the current service status is recorded. When the client is connected to the power grid GIS cloud platform again, the last service is continued.

12. The performance optimization method according to claim 10, characterized in that: When the client sends an add and update request to the GIS image data, it includes: Convert the image data uploaded by the client into image slice data; The image slice data is checked, and when the image slice data contains white-edge slices, viruses or junk data, and the degree of fit with adjacent slices is not zero, an error reminder is returned to the client.

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