A sand box sand level detection device and method for railway vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and method for detecting the sand position of a rail vehicle sand box, and relates to the technical field of rail transportation equipment. The device comprises a casing, a contact iron net, a toggle mechanism, a laser ranging sensor, a data processor, and a display module. The device has a simple overall structure and is light in weight. No modification is required to the vehicle control system and the structure of the sand box. In the detection method, a corresponding relationship table I between the contact iron net position node and the remaining sand amount node in the sand box is constructed, and the corresponding relationship table I is written into the data processor in a program manner. Based on the corresponding relationship table I, the contact iron net position is accurately detected, and it is judged on the basis of which the remaining sand amount node in the sand box corresponds to. The detection is fast and accurate, and the device is suitable for sand position detection of sand boxes with different structures. The cost is low, and the device is particularly suitable for use on rail vehicles that have been put into operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rail transit equipment, and in particular to a device and method for detecting sand position in a sand box of a rail vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Due to the complex operating environment and high speed of EMUs, when encountering bad weather such as rain and snow, the rails will be very slippery, and there is a risk of idling during traction or sliding during braking. In order to improve the adhesion between the wheels and the rail surface, EMUs are generally equipped with sand spreading devices. The sand spreading device consists of a sand box and a sand discharge unit, and the driver or the train braking system controls the sand discharge amount of the sand spreading device. In order to ensure safe operation, there must be enough sand in the sand box, so it is necessary to add sand to the sand box in a timely manner. Since the sand box is generally placed at the bottom of the car body, the operator cannot directly observe or detect the height of the sand surface in the sand box due to the limitation of the installation position of the sand box, which in turn affects the driver's judgment on adjusting the sand flow and the amount of sand injection.

[0003] The Chinese patent No. 201310461922.8 discloses a device for detecting the position of the sand volume in the sand box of a rail transit vehicle. The device is to set a pressure sensor at the bottom of the sand box to detect the weight of the sand box in real time, so as to judge the amount of sand according to the weight of the sand box, and then control the time and amount of sand addition. Since the sand box has various forms and the sand box is not a regular container, it is complicated and not conducive to the unification of specifications to write different programs for sand boxes of different shapes and different shapes of each part of the sand box; when the vehicle is driving on a long slope or curve, the sand and gravel will be affected by centrifugal force, increasing or decreasing the force acting on the sensor, so that the amount of sand cannot be correctly measured, and it is not suitable for use on rail vehicles that have been put into operation.

[0004] A Chinese patent with patent number 201720359609.7 discloses a device for detecting the position of the amount of sand in the sand box of a rail transit vehicle. The device is to set small balls of different materials inside and outside the sand box, and connect them with a rope with a scale. It has defects: on the one hand, when using this device, the driver needs to get off the vehicle to observe if he wants to know the amount of sand; on the other hand, the shaking of the vehicle during the forming process and the fluidity of the sand and gravel may bury the small balls, making it impossible to correctly measure the amount of sand in the sand box. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a device and method for detecting the sand level of a sand box of a rail vehicle, which can alleviate the above-mentioned problem.

[0006] In order to alleviate the above-mentioned problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a sand level detection device for a sand box of a railway vehicle, comprising:

[0008] A sleeve, which is slidably sleeved on the exhaust pipe in the sand box;

[0009] A contact iron mesh is horizontally placed on the sand surface in the sand box, fixedly connected to the casing, and located above the quicksand pipe in the sand box;

[0010] A toggle mechanism, which can drive the sleeve to slide along the exhaust pipe, so that the contact iron mesh moves to a full sand position in the sand box;

[0011] A laser distance measuring sensor is installed in the sand box and located above the contact iron mesh, with a laser emission port thereof pointing vertically downward toward the solid part of the contact iron mesh;

[0012] A data processor, which is in communication with the laser ranging sensor and is used to receive sensor detection data;

[0013] A display module is installed in the rail vehicle cab and is electrically connected to the data processor to display data on the amount of sand remaining in the sand box;

[0014] The alarm device is installed in the rail vehicle driving cab and is electrically connected to the data processor.

[0015] The technical effect of the technical solution is: providing a sand level detection device for a rail vehicle sand box with a simple overall structure and light weight, the device has high detection accuracy, and can be applied to sand level detection of sand boxes with different structures.

[0016] Optionally, the toggle mechanism includes a toggle rod, a toggle cam and a contact rod, the contact rod is fixedly connected to the sleeve, the toggle rod is horizontally arranged and located between the contact rod and the contact iron mesh, the large arc center of the toggle cam is rotatably connected to the box wall of the sand box through a rotating shaft, one end of the toggle rod is fixedly connected to the small arc center of the toggle cam, and by rotating the toggle cam, the toggle rod can lift the contact rod, and then move the contact iron mesh to the full sand position in the sand box, and the outer wall of the sand box is provided with a toggle torque input hole extending to the rotating shaft of the toggle cam, and the toggle torque input hole is a triangular hole.

[0017] The technical effect of this technical solution is: using a suitable wrench tool, torque can be input from the toggle torque input hole to the toggle cam in the sand box, thereby driving the toggle rod to move upward, and the sleeve is lifted by acting on the contact rod, and then the contact iron mesh can be moved to the full sand position in the sand box.

[0018] Optionally, the sand feeding port of the sand box is opened on its side wall and is provided with a sealing cover, and the toggle torque input hole is located above the sealing cover.

[0019] Optionally, the mesh diameter of the contact iron mesh is smaller than the outer diameter of the quicksand tube and larger than the inner diameter of the quicksand tube.

[0020] The technical effect of this technical solution is: after the contact iron mesh is lifted up by the toggle mechanism, it is convenient to add sand into the sand box from above it, ensuring that the sand can fall smoothly.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for detecting the sand position of a sand box of a rail vehicle, which adopts the above-mentioned sand position detection device of a sand box of a rail vehicle, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0022] S1, constructing a correspondence table I between the contact iron mesh position node and the remaining sand amount node in the sand box, and writing the correspondence table I into the data processor in the form of a program, wherein the contact iron mesh position refers to the distance between the laser ranging sensor and the contact iron mesh, and the correspondence table I records a number of contact iron mesh position nodes and a number of remaining sand amount nodes in the sand box, and the contact iron mesh position nodes correspond to the remaining sand amount nodes in the sand box one by one, and the smaller the contact iron mesh position node is, the larger the corresponding remaining sand amount node in the sand box is;

[0023] S2, using a laser ranging sensor to measure the real-time contact iron mesh position data, and transmitting the real-time contact iron mesh position to the data processor;

[0024] S3. Whenever the real-time contact iron mesh position reaches a real-time contact iron mesh position node, the data processor outputs the node data of the remaining sand amount in the sand box corresponding to the real-time contact iron mesh position node and displays it on the display module. If the real-time contact iron mesh position is between two adjacent real-time contact iron mesh position nodes, the display module displays the smaller one of the two adjacent real-time contact iron mesh position nodes. When the remaining sand amount node in the sand box displayed by the display module is less than 15% of the full sand amount in the sand box, its display color is red, and the alarm device alarms.

[0025] The technical effects of this technical solution are: quick and accurate detection, suitable for sand position detection of sand boxes with different structures, no need to modify the vehicle control system and the structure of the sand box, low cost, and particularly suitable for use on rail vehicles that have been put into operation.

[0026] Optionally, a solid flow meter is installed on the sand outlet pipe of the sand box. In step S1, the method for determining the corresponding relationship table I includes the following steps:

[0027] S11, repeating a times of sand spreading experiment, the sand spreading experiment comprising:

[0028] Add sand to the sand box until it is full, and discharge all the sand in the sand box at a uniform speed through the sand spreading unit. During the sand discharge process, starting from the sand box full of sand, use a laser rangefinder to measure the contact iron mesh position in real time. First, read the solid flow meter value at the moment of starting to measure the contact iron mesh position. Then, if the sand in the sand box is not completely discharged, read the value of the solid flow meter every time the contact iron mesh position increases by 5mm. Finally, read the solid flow meter value when the solid flow meter value no longer changes.

[0029] The speed of sand and gravel flowing out uniformly was equal in each sand spreading experiment;

[0030] S12, taking the contact iron mesh positions corresponding to the solid flow meter values ​​read in any sand spreading experiment as the contact iron mesh position nodes;

[0031] S13, taking the average value of the solid flow rate counter value read in the same order in each sand spreading experiment, and obtaining the average value V of each solid flow rate counter value i , i = 1 to n, n is the total number of times the solid flow rate counter value is read in one sand spreading experiment;

[0032] S14. Use formula Calculate the remaining sand volume node in each sand box, V is the full sand volume of the sand box, C i It is the node of the remaining sand amount in the sand box;

[0033] S15. Determine the corresponding relationship table I according to each contact iron mesh position node and each sand box remaining sand amount node.

[0034] The technical effect of this technical solution is: it can accurately obtain the correspondence table I, so that the contact iron mesh position node and the remaining sand amount node in the sand box accurately form a one-to-one correspondence, and then when the correspondence table I is used as the comparison basis for the real-time contact iron mesh position, the remaining sand amount in the sand box can be detected in time and more accurately, avoiding the situation where locomotives and vehicles are short of sand and gravel in the second half of a long slope section.

[0035] Optionally, the data processor is electrically connected to the solid flow meter; a correspondence table II is written in the data processor, the correspondence table II includes a number of flow reading times and a number of minimum sand and gravel outflows, the time between two adjacent flow reading times is a sand discharge time period, the time length of each sand discharge time period is equal and is t, and the flow reading time corresponds to the minimum sand and gravel outflow one by one; during the sand box sand discharge process, the sand and gravel outflow in each sand discharge time period is measured, if the sand and gravel outflow in any sand discharge time period is less than the corresponding minimum sand and gravel outflow, it is judged that the sand box sand spreading unit is blocked, and the alarm device alarms.

[0036] The technical effect of this technical solution is that it can accurately judge whether the sand spreading unit is normal, and can timely detect the situation where sand cannot be spread due to sand and gravel agglomeration.

[0037] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the embodiments of the present invention are specifically cited below and described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a sand position detection device for a sand box of a rail vehicle described in an embodiment;

[0040] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sand box sand level detection device for a rail vehicle described in an embodiment;

[0041] Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram of the structure of the sand box sand level detection device for a rail vehicle described in an embodiment;

[0042] In the figure: 1-sand isolation plate, 2-quicksand pipe, 3-exhaust pipe, 4-contact iron mesh, 5-casing, 6-contact rod, 7-switching cam, 8-laser beam, 9-laser ranging sensor, 10-sand box, 11-switching rod, 12-sand outlet pipe, 13-solid flowmeter, 14-sealing cover, 15-sand spreading unit, 16-switching torque input hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0044] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] Please refer to Figure 1 to Figure 3 This embodiment provides a sand level detection device for a sand box of a railway vehicle, comprising:

[0047] A sleeve 5 is slidably sleeved on the exhaust pipe 3 in the sand box 10; a contact iron mesh 4 is horizontally placed on the sand surface in the sand box 10 and fixedly connected to the sleeve 5, and is located above the quicksand pipe 2 in the sand box 10; a toggle mechanism can drive the sleeve 5 to slide along the exhaust pipe 3, so that the contact iron mesh 4 moves to the full sand position in the sand box 10; a laser ranging sensor 9 is installed in the sand box 10 and is located above the contact iron mesh 4, and its laser emission port is vertically downward toward the iron wire part of the contact iron mesh 4, and the number 8 in the figure represents a laser beam; a data processor is communicatively connected to the laser ranging sensor 9 for receiving sensor detection data; a display module is installed in the rail vehicle cab and electrically connected to the data processor for displaying the remaining sand amount data in the sand box; an alarm device is installed in the rail vehicle cab and electrically connected to the data processor.

[0048] In this embodiment, when the toggle mechanism is not used to apply a toggle force to the sleeve 5, during the sand discharge process, as the sand level decreases, the contact iron mesh 4 will drop along with the sand surface under the action of its own gravity.

[0049] In this embodiment, the laser ranging sensor 9 is used to detect the position of the contact iron mesh 4 and transmit the information to the data processor. The processor determines the amount of remaining sand in the sand box according to the position of the contact iron mesh 4 and displays it on the display module, thereby realizing the sand position detection in the sand box.

[0050] In this embodiment, the data processor is a programmable processor, and the display module is an LCD display.

[0051] In this embodiment, the toggle mechanism includes a toggle rod 11, a toggle cam 7 and a contact rod 6, the contact rod 6 is fixedly connected to the sleeve 5, the toggle rod 11 is arranged horizontally and is located between the contact rod 6 and the contact iron net 4, the large arc center of the toggle cam 7 is rotatably connected to the box wall of the sand box 10 through a rotating shaft, and one end of the toggle rod 11 is fixedly connected to the small arc center of the toggle cam 7, and by rotating the toggle cam 7, the toggle rod 11 can lift the contact rod 6, and then move the contact iron net 4 to the full sand position in the sand box 10, and the outer wall of the sand box 10 is provided with a toggle torque input hole 16 extending to the rotating shaft of the toggle cam 7, and the toggle torque input hole 16 is a triangular hole. When it is necessary to rotate the toggle cam 7, a triangular rod of suitable size can be used to insert the toggle torque input hole, and then the rotating shaft is driven to rotate by rotating the triangular rod, and the rotating shaft is rigidly connected to the toggle cam 7, and then the toggle cam 7 rotates, so that the toggle rod 11 rises or falls along the arc direction.

[0052] In this embodiment, the sand feeding port of the sand box 10 is opened on the side wall thereof, and a sealing cover 14 is provided. The shifting torque input hole 16 is located above the sealing cover 14 .

[0053] In this embodiment, the sand adding process is: rotate the toggle cam 7, use the toggle rod 11 to push the contact rod 6 to the highest position, then slide the sleeve 5 along the exhaust pipe 3 to the highest position, move the contact iron mesh 4 to the full sand position in the sand box, open the sealing cover 14, and then add sand to the sand box from the sand adding port 14 above the contact iron mesh 4 until the full sand position is reached. Then rotate the toggle cam 7 to make the toggle rod 11 at the lowest position (at this time, the toggle rod 11 is above the full sand position), and the sand adding process is completed.

[0054] In this embodiment, the mesh diameter of the contact iron mesh 4 is smaller than the outer diameter of the quicksand tube 2 and larger than the inner diameter of the quicksand tube 2 .

[0055] In this embodiment, the sand box, quicksand pipe 2, exhaust pipe 3, sand isolation plate 1, and sand spreading unit 15 are all prior art, and their specific structures and relative connection relationships are not further described here.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] Please refer to Figure 1 to Figure 3 This embodiment provides a method for detecting the sand level of a sand box of a rail vehicle, which adopts the above-mentioned sand level detection device of a sand box of a rail vehicle, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0058] S1, construct a correspondence table I between the contact iron mesh position node and the remaining sand amount node in the sand box, and write the correspondence table I into the data processor in the form of a program. The contact iron mesh position refers to the distance between the laser ranging sensor 9 and the contact iron mesh. The correspondence table I records a number of contact iron mesh position nodes and a number of remaining sand amount nodes in the sand box. The contact iron mesh position nodes correspond to the remaining sand amount nodes in the sand box one by one. The smaller the contact iron mesh position node is, the larger the corresponding remaining sand amount node in the sand box is.

[0059] S2, using the laser ranging sensor 9 to measure the real-time contact iron mesh position data, and transmit the real-time contact iron mesh position to the data processor;

[0060] S3. Whenever the real-time contact iron mesh position reaches a real-time contact iron mesh position node, the data processor outputs the node data of the remaining sand amount in the sand box corresponding to the real-time contact iron mesh position node and displays it on the display module. If the real-time contact iron mesh position is between two adjacent real-time contact iron mesh position nodes, the display module displays the smaller one of the two adjacent real-time contact iron mesh position nodes. When the remaining sand amount node in the sand box displayed by the display module is less than 15% of the full sand amount in the sand box, its display color is red, and the alarm device alarms.

[0061] In this embodiment, the correspondence table I is used as a standard for real-time detection. When the amount of sand in the sand box gradually decreases with use, the sand surface will gradually drop. Under the deadweight of the contact iron net, the contact iron net will drop with the sand surface. During the drop, it will drive the casing 5 to drop. The real-time contact iron net position is detected by the laser ranging sensor 9. When the sand surface in the sand box is level with the quicksand tube 2, the sand in the sand box cannot flow out of the quicksand tube 2. At this time, the contact iron net is at the lowest position. At this time, the smallest node of the remaining sand amount in the sand box in the correspondence table I is displayed on the display module. At this time, the driver can judge that there is a lack of sand in the sand box based on the data and needs to add sand again. In the process from full sand to lack of sand, the display module sequentially displays the remaining sand amount nodes in each sand box, which is similar to the display principle of the remaining number of battery cells.

[0062] The method for detecting the sand position of the sand box of a rail vehicle described in this embodiment can achieve a detection accuracy of about 92.8% for the sand position under various road conditions (uphill and downhill, curve passing, rapid acceleration and deceleration, etc.), which is higher than the 76.3% of the traditional technology. Moreover, the detection accuracy is applicable to sand boxes of different structures. The device does not need to modify the control system of the vehicle and the structure of the sand box, and has low cost, and is particularly suitable for use on rail vehicles that have been put into operation.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] Please refer to Figure 1 to Figure 3 , relative to Example 2, a solid flow meter 13 is installed on the sand outlet pipe 12 of the sand box, wherein the method for determining the corresponding relationship table I in step S1 includes the following steps:

[0065] S11. Repeat the sand spreading experiment a times. The sand spreading experiment includes:

[0066] Add sand to the sand box until it is full, and discharge all the sand in the sand box at a uniform speed through the sand spreading unit 15 (referring to the sand discharged when the sand in the sand box cannot flow out of the quicksand pipe 2). In the sand discharge process, starting from the sand box full sand state, the laser rangefinder sensor 9 is used to measure the contact iron mesh position in real time. First, at the moment of starting to measure the contact iron mesh position, the solid flow meter value is read once. After that, when the sand in the sand box is not completely discharged, the value of the solid flow meter is read once every 5mm increase in the contact iron mesh position. Finally, the solid flow meter value is read once when the solid flow meter value no longer changes.

[0067] The speed of sand and gravel flowing out uniformly was equal in each sand spreading experiment;

[0068] S12, taking the contact iron mesh positions corresponding to the solid flow meter values ​​read in any sand spreading experiment as the contact iron mesh position nodes;

[0069] S13, taking the average value of the solid flow rate counter value read in the same order in each sand spreading experiment, and obtaining the average value V of each solid flow rate counter value i , i = 1 to n, n is the total number of times the solid flow rate counter value is read in one sand spreading experiment;

[0070] S14. Use formula Calculate the remaining sand volume node in each sand box, V is the full sand volume of the sand box, C i It is the node of the remaining sand amount in the sand box;

[0071] S15. Determine the corresponding relationship table I according to each contact iron mesh position node and each sand box remaining sand amount node.

[0072] Due to the particularity of the principle of sand spreading, the sand spreading device HXD1, which adopts air flow pressure difference sand spreading, will blow up the sand and gravel during the sand spreading process, causing mutual collision between the sand and gravel, which will change the specifications of the sand and gravel with Mohs hardness mineral grade ≥5. The sand and gravel used by the vehicle is filled with the standard of less than 0.1mm mass ratio less than 0.5%; less than 0.63mm mass ratio less than 5%; greater than 0.63mm, less than 0.8mm mass ratio less than 30%; greater than 0.8mm, less than 1.6mm mass ratio greater than 50%; greater than 1.6mm, less than 2mm mass ratio less than 30%; greater than 2mm mass ratio less than 5%; greater than 2.5mm mass ratio less than 0.1%. Therefore, the sand and gravel after one measurement may not meet the specifications. Therefore, in order to ensure the accuracy of the measurement, in the a-th sand spreading experiment of this embodiment, the sand and gravel used are of the same specifications, and the sand and gravel after measurement cannot be reused.

[0073] In this embodiment, the larger the value of a is, the higher the accuracy of the sand spreading experiment is.

[0074] In this embodiment, the value of n should be determined according to the actual specifications of the sand box. The higher the full sand position, the larger its value.

[0075] In this embodiment, since the fixed flow count value is read directly according to the 5mm increment of the contact iron mesh position, the contact iron mesh position of the same sequence in each sand spreading experiment is the same, so S is directly used. i Indicates the contact position of the iron mesh. S of any sand spreading experiment i All of them are nodes at the location of the contact iron mesh, and there is no need to distinguish between the sand spreading experiments; Q Ni represents the solid flow count value read in the i-th order in the N-th sand spreading experiment. The value range of N is 1 to a. Then the contact iron mesh position node S can be obtained. i The average value of the solid flow meter V i The corresponding table between them is shown in Table 1.

[0076] Table 1

[0077]

[0078] In this embodiment, using The nodes of the remaining sand volume in each sand box are obtained, so the corresponding relationship table I is finally determined as shown in Table 2.

[0079] Table 2

[0080]

[0081] Example 4

[0082] Please refer to Figure 1 to Figure 3 Compared with Example 3, the data processor is electrically connected to a solid flow meter; a correspondence table II is written in the data processor, and the correspondence table II includes a number of flow reading times and a number of minimum sand and gravel outflows. The time between two adjacent flow reading times is a sand discharge time period, and the time length of each sand discharge time period is equal and is t. The flow reading time corresponds to the minimum sand and gravel outflow one by one.

[0083] In this embodiment, the method for determining the corresponding relationship table II also requires several sand spreading experiments. In the sand spreading experiment, the flow reading time is recorded as t i , then t i is an integer multiple of the sand discharge time period t, then t1 = 1t, t2 = 2t, ...t n =nt; calculate the average value of the solid flow rate counts of the same order in each sand spreading experiment, subtract 0 from the average value of the first solid flow rate count value to obtain the minimum sand and gravel outflow Z1 corresponding to the time t1, and subtract the average values ​​of the other two adjacent solid flow rate count values ​​to obtain the minimum sand and gravel outflow corresponding to the other flow reading times, which are Z2, Z3, ... Z n , then the corresponding relationship table II is shown in Table 3.

[0084] First, we get the flow reading time t i The minimum outflow of sand and gravel Z i The corresponding relationship between them is shown in Table 3.

[0085] Table 3

[0086]

[0087] During the sand box discharge process, at each flow reading time t iThe data processor obtains the solid flow count value and calculates the sand and gravel outflow in each sand discharge time period t according to the solid flow count value. If the sand and gravel outflow in any sand discharge time period t is less than the corresponding minimum sand and gravel outflow, it is judged that the sand box sand spreading unit 15 is blocked and the alarm device alarms.

[0088] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sand level detection device for a rail vehicle sand box, characterized in that: include: A sleeve, which is slidably sleeved on the exhaust pipe in the sand box; A contact iron mesh is horizontally placed on the sand surface in the sand box, fixedly connected to the casing, and located above the quicksand pipe in the sand box; A toggle mechanism, which can drive the sleeve to slide along the exhaust pipe, so that the contact iron mesh moves to a full sand position in the sand box; A laser distance measuring sensor is installed in the sand box and located above the contact iron mesh, with its laser emission port vertically downward toward the solid part of the contact iron mesh; A data processor, which is in communication with the laser ranging sensor and is used to receive sensor detection data; A display module is installed in the rail vehicle cab and is electrically connected to the data processor to display data on the amount of sand remaining in the sand box; An alarm device, which is installed in the rail vehicle cab and is electrically connected to the data processor; The toggle mechanism comprises a toggle rod, a toggle cam and a contact rod, wherein the contact rod is fixedly connected to the sleeve, the toggle rod is arranged horizontally and is located between the contact rod and the contact iron net, the large arc center of the toggle cam is rotatably connected to the box wall of the sand box through a rotating shaft, one end of the toggle rod is fixedly connected to the small arc center of the toggle cam, and by rotating the toggle cam, the toggle rod can lift the contact rod, thereby moving the contact iron net to the full sand position in the sand box, and the outer side wall of the sand box is provided with a toggle torque input hole extending to the rotating shaft of the toggle cam, and the toggle torque input hole is a triangular hole; When the amount of sand in the sand box decreases with use, the sand surface will gradually drop. Under the weight of the contact iron mesh, the contact iron mesh will drop with the sand surface, and the casing will be driven down during the drop. The real-time contact iron mesh position is detected by the laser distance sensor. A solid flow meter is installed on the sand outlet pipe of the sand box.

2. The rail vehicle sand box sand level detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sand feeding port of the sand box is opened on its side wall and is provided with a sealing cover, and the toggle torque input hole is located above the sealing cover.

3. The sand level detection device for a rail vehicle sand box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mesh diameter of the contact iron mesh is smaller than the outer diameter of the quicksand pipe and larger than the inner diameter of the quicksand pipe.

4. A method for detecting the sand level of a sand box of a rail vehicle, characterized in that: The rail vehicle sand box sand level detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is adopted, and specifically comprises the following steps: S1, constructing a correspondence table I between the contact iron mesh position node and the remaining sand amount node in the sand box, and writing the correspondence table I into the data processor in the form of a program, wherein the contact iron mesh position refers to the distance between the laser ranging sensor and the contact iron mesh, and the correspondence table I records a number of contact iron mesh position nodes and a number of remaining sand amount nodes in the sand box, and the contact iron mesh position nodes correspond to the remaining sand amount nodes in the sand box one by one, and the smaller the contact iron mesh position node is, the larger the corresponding remaining sand amount node in the sand box is; S2, using a laser ranging sensor to measure the real-time contact iron mesh position data, and transmitting the real-time contact iron mesh position to the data processor; S3. Whenever the real-time contact iron mesh position reaches a real-time contact iron mesh position node, the data processor outputs the node data of the remaining sand amount in the sand box corresponding to the real-time contact iron mesh position node and displays it on the display module. If the real-time contact iron mesh position is between two adjacent real-time contact iron mesh position nodes, the display module displays the smaller one of the two adjacent real-time contact iron mesh position nodes. When the remaining sand amount node in the sand box displayed by the display module is less than 15% of the full sand amount in the sand box, its display color is red, and the alarm device alarms.

5. The method for detecting the sand level of a sand box of a railway vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that: A solid flow meter is installed on the sand outlet pipe of the sand box. In step S1, the method for determining the corresponding relationship table I includes the following steps: S11, repeating a times of sand spreading experiment, the sand spreading experiment comprising: Add sand to the sand box until it is full, and discharge all the sand in the sand box at a uniform speed through the sand spreading unit. During the sand discharge process, starting from the sand box full of sand, use a laser rangefinder to measure the contact iron mesh position in real time. First, read the solid flow meter value at the moment of starting to measure the contact iron mesh position. Then, if the sand in the sand box is not completely discharged, read the value of the solid flow meter every time the contact iron mesh position increases by 5mm. Finally, read the solid flow meter value when the solid flow meter value no longer changes. The speed of sand and gravel flowing out uniformly was equal in each sand spreading experiment; S12, taking the contact iron mesh positions corresponding to the solid flow meter values ​​read in any sand spreading experiment as the contact iron mesh position nodes; S13, taking the average value of the solid flow rate counter read in the same order in each sand spreading experiment, and obtaining the average value V of each solid flow rate counter value respectively. i , i = 1 to n, n is the total number of times the solid flow rate counter value is read in one sand spreading experiment; S14. Use formula Calculate the remaining sand volume node in each sand box, V is the full sand volume of the sand box, C i It is the node of the remaining sand amount in the sand box; S15. Determine the corresponding relationship table I according to each contact iron mesh position node and each sand box remaining sand amount node.

6. The method for detecting the sand level of a sand box of a railway vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data processor is electrically connected to the solid flow meter; The data processor has a corresponding relationship table II written therein, the corresponding relationship table II including a number of flow reading moments and a number of minimum sand and gravel outflows, the sand discharge time period is between two adjacent flow reading moments, the time lengths of the sand discharge time periods are equal and are all t, the flow reading moments correspond one to one with the minimum sand and gravel outflows; During the sand box sand discharge process, the sand and gravel outflow in each sand discharge time period is measured. If the sand and gravel outflow in any sand discharge time period is less than the corresponding minimum sand and gravel outflow, it is determined that the sand box sand spreading unit is blocked and the alarm device alarms.

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