Non-contact ultrasonic crushing device for hard and brittle materials

Abstract

The invention discloses a non-contact ultrasonic crushing device for hard and brittle materials, comprising an external frame of the device, a high-pressure sealed device, a mesh plate, a material fixing bracket, an ultrasonic vibration crushing device, a pressure gauge, and an ultrasonic power supply. The device is connected to the high-pressure sealed device through four ultrasonic crushing devices. Under the drive of a two-dimensional excitation signal with a phase difference of 180°, the transducer and the amplitude transformer produce multi-stage amplification and energy gathering effects, thereby transmitting energy and vibration to the surface of the material through a medium to achieve a non-contact crushing effect; the high-pressure sealed device breaks away from the traditional contact pressure application method, and fills gas in the upper sealing cover to increase the overall pressure of the high-pressure sealed device, so as to achieve the effect of applying pressure to the surface of the crushed material immersed in the medium, thereby more easily producing a crushing effect, effectively solving the problems of pollution and high consumption of traditional crushing, and giving full play to the advantages of ultrasonic vibration crushing.

Description

Technical field:

[0002] The invention relates to the field of ultrasonic vibration and non-contact crushing, and in particular to a non-contact ultrasonic crushing device for hard and brittle materials. Background technology:

[0004] Since the 21st century, various emerging high-performance materials, composite materials, and non-metallic hard and brittle materials have entered the practical stage. Material crushing is a high-energy, high-steel-consumption, and low-efficiency process. In modern society, as people's requirements for various new materials and materials increase, there is an urgent need to crush various material products in terms of quantity, particle size, particle size distribution, degree of dissociation, material structure, surface physical and chemical properties, and many other aspects. Traditional crushing methods (such as crushing, extrusion, impact, grinding, and cutting) all have an unbreakable hardness or theoretical strength range, and require a lot of energy consumption; while ultrasonic vibration crushing can form a high energy density through the amplification of the transducer and the amplitude rod, so that high-frequency vibration can impact the crushed materials to destroy their materials; however, for electronic materials (such as polysilicon), contact crushing will produce a lot of contact pollution, resulting in excessive waste of materials. At present, there is an urgent need for a non-contact ultrasonic crushing hard and brittle material device. Summary of the invention:

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a non-contact ultrasonic crushing device for hard and brittle materials which has a reasonable design, good crushing effect and is easy to implement.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0008] A non-contact ultrasonic crushing device for hard and brittle materials comprises an external frame and a high-pressure sealing device, wherein the high-pressure sealing device comprises a lower sealing cover, a high-pressure tank body and an upper sealing cover, wherein the high-pressure tank body is fixedly connected to the external frame, a material fixing bracket is arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the high-pressure tank body, a mesh plate is arranged in the lower part of the inner cavity of the high-pressure tank body, a primary mounting port is symmetrically arranged in the middle of the high-pressure tank body, a primary ultrasonic vibration mechanism is arranged on the primary mounting port, a secondary mounting port is symmetrically arranged in the lower part of the high-pressure tank body, a secondary ultrasonic vibration mechanism is arranged on the secondary mounting port, a transparent observation window, a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged on the lower sealing cover, and a pressure gauge, an air inlet and an air leak are arranged on the upper sealing cover.

[0009] The lower sealing cover and the upper sealing cover are connected to the two ends of the high-pressure tank body through threads, and a sealing groove is provided at the connection, and a sealing ring is installed in the sealing groove; the installation height of the secondary ultrasonic vibration device is greater than the height of the mesh plate to break the hard and brittle materials that do not meet the specifications and fall on the mesh plate, and the primary ultrasonic vibration mechanism is used to break the hard and brittle materials clamped by the material fixing bracket.

[0010] The primary ultrasonic vibration mechanism and the secondary ultrasonic vibration mechanism both include an ultrasonic generator, a transducer and a horn, and the transducer includes piezoelectric ceramics and electrode sheets, the piezoelectric ceramics and the electrode sheets are arranged alternately and fixed together with the horn by connecting bolts, the horn is provided with a connecting flange, the connecting flange is fixed to the flange on the mounting port by bolts, and a sealing gasket is provided on the contact surface.

[0011] The structural dimensions of the transducer meet the "quarter wavelength" design requirements, and each contact surface and circumferential surface are finely processed to meet the roughness and runout requirements; the longitudinal polarization directions of adjacent piezoelectric ceramic sheets are opposite, and the piezoelectric ceramic sheets are bonded with a special adhesive after purification and subjected to aging treatment; the amplitude transformer adopts a composite structure design, and its structural dimensions meet the "full wavelength" design requirements, and has a multi-stage amplification effect to effectively increase the required amplitude; an internal threaded hole is opened at the large end of the amplitude transformer, and the ultrasonic transducer and the amplitude transformer are threadedly connected using high-strength external hexagonal bolts; a concave groove is opened at the small end of the amplitude transformer to better concentrate energy to achieve a crushing effect.

[0012] The ultrasonic generator adopts a high-power power supply to improve the overall output power; the entire crushing device adopts two two-dimensional ultrasonic power supplies to respectively excite each level of ultrasonic vibration crushing device, and the phase difference of each level of ultrasonic vibration crushing mechanism is adjusted to 180° to achieve the vibration superposition effect and prevent mutual interference and offset of vibrations.

[0013] The mesh plate is provided with circular holes of 8-12 mm in diameter for screening materials of the same size after crushing. The material fixing bracket is fixed to the inner wall hole of the high-pressure tank body by bolt connection for fixing the material and preventing tilting during vibration crushing.

[0014] The upper end of the external frame is provided with four fixing holes for fixing the high-pressure tank body; and notches are opened on both sides to facilitate the placement and loading and unloading of the ultrasonic vibration crushing mechanism.

[0015] The high-pressure tank body adopts a circular tongue and groove sealing design, and has good manual spiral tightening sealing performance. Two symmetrical amplitude rod mounting ports and flange positioning grooves are provided in the middle and lower parts. Four evenly distributed internal threaded holes are opened at the bottom of the flange positioning groove, and a mesh plate positioning groove is provided near the thread at the lower end of the high-pressure tank body for the installation and fixation of the mesh plate.

[0016] The high-pressure sealing device is made of stainless steel, and the inner wall is processed by precision equipment to achieve smoothness and no water hanging; the observation window is made of pressure-resistant tempered glass.

[0017] The lower sealing cover is provided with a transparent observation window for real-time observation of material crushing, and the material of the observation window is pressure-resistant tempered glass; and the lower sealing cover is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet so as to fill and discharge the medium into the high-pressure sealed device, so as to achieve the transmission of ultrasonic vibration and energy through the medium and act on the material surface without contact; the top of the upper sealing cover is provided with a pressure gauge installation hole for the installation of the pressure gauge to monitor the pressure change in real time; the upper sealing cover is provided with air inlet holes and air discharge holes on the left and right sides to facilitate the filling of gas into the upper sealing cover, so as to increase the overall pressure of the high-pressure sealed device, so as to achieve the effect of applying pressure to the surface of the crushed material immersed in the medium.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] 1. The present invention breaks through the problems of traditional contact ultrasonic vibration crushing. Through the excitation of four transducers and the multi-stage amplification and energy focusing of the horn, a large amount of energy is transmitted through the medium in the tank, generating cavitation to act on the surface of the material, forming impact and vibration effects, so as to achieve non-contact crushing of hard and brittle materials, and is not limited by the properties of the material, thus achieving pollution-free crushing of hard and brittle materials, and also improving the utilization rate of the materials.

[0020] 2. The present invention connects four ultrasonic vibration crushing devices with the high-pressure tank body to form a primary ultrasonic crushing device and a secondary ultrasonic crushing device. Under the excitation of two two-dimensional ultrasonic power supplies with a phase difference of 180°, the primary ultrasonic crushing device produces the first crushing, and the crushed materials fall on the mesh plate. The crushed materials with suitable specifications are screened out through the mesh holes, while the unsuitable crushed materials can be crushed again by the secondary ultrasonic crushing device to reach the required specifications, thereby effectively improving the secondary utilization of the materials.

[0021] 3. The present invention realizes non-contact application of the required pressure, fills gas into the upper sealing cover to increase the overall pressure of the high-pressure sealing device, so as to achieve the effect of applying pressure to the surface of the crushed material immersed in the medium, and the pressure change can be monitored in real time by a pressure gauge.

[0022] 4. All contact surfaces in the ultrasonic vibration crushing device of the present invention are ground and polished to make them fit tightly, reduce sound wave loss, avoid heating, and greatly improve the amplification and energy-gathering effects of the horn.

[0023] 5. The present invention realizes the conversion of the pressure exerted on the object by direct contact with the workpiece into the required pressure indirectly exerted by gas filling, and can monitor the changes of atmospheric pressure in the tank in real time, effectively understand the crushing process, and the mesh plate can be adjusted at will according to the size of the material to be crushed. Through the multi-stage amplification and energy focusing of the transducer and the composite amplitude rod, the transmission of the medium in the tank and the pressure exerted by the gas interact to impact the surface of the material, thereby realizing non-contact crushing of hard and brittle materials, and a two-stage ultrasonic vibration crushing device is designed for secondary crushing to prevent the crushed material from failing to meet the required requirements.

[0024] 6. The device of the present invention uses two two-dimensional ultrasonic power supplies to provide energy. The frequency of the ultrasonic power supply output signal is not less than 18kHz, the voltage is 220V, the power supply power is increased, and the phase difference is adjusted to 180 degrees, which effectively improves the energy gathering and amplification effect of the two ultrasonic vibration crushing devices at the same level, and at the same time greatly improves the stability of the system. Description of the drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a non-contact ultrasonic crushing device for hard and brittle materials;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the external frame structure of the device;

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the lower sealing cover structure;

[0029] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of mesh plate structure;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ultrasonic vibration device;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the material fixing bracket structure;

[0032] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the high-pressure tank structure;

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the upper sealing cover structure. Specific implementation method:

[0035] Example: See Figure 1-Figure 8In the figure, 1-device external frame, 2-lower sealing cover, 3-mesh plate, 4-secondary ultrasonic vibration crushing device, 5-material fixing bracket, 6-first-level ultrasonic vibration crushing device, 7-high-pressure tank, 8-upper sealing cover, 9-pressure gauge, 10-fixing hole, 11-ultrasonic transducer, 12-composite amplitude transformer, 13-mesh plate positioning groove, 14-secondary ultrasonic vibration crushing device flange positioning groove, 15-bracket mounting hole, 16-first-level ultrasonic vibration crushing device flange positioning groove, 17-transparent observation window, 18-water outlet, 19-water inlet, 20-pressure gauge mounting hole, 21-air inlet, 22-air leakage hole.

[0036] A non-contact ultrasonic crushing device for hard and brittle materials comprises an external frame of the device, a high-pressure sealing device, a mesh plate, a material fixing bracket, an ultrasonic vibration crushing device, a pressure gauge, and an ultrasonic power supply.

[0037] Four fixing holes 10 are arranged on the upper end of the outer frame 1 of the device for fixing the high-pressure sealed device; slots are opened on both sides to facilitate the placement and loading and unloading of the ultrasonic vibration crushing device.

[0038] The high-pressure sealing device includes a lower sealing cover 2, a high-pressure tank body 7 and an upper sealing cover 8, and its function is to input gas into the device to generate high pressure to apply the required pressure to the surface of the internal workpiece to be crushed; the lower sealing cover 2 and the upper sealing cover 8 are tightly connected to the high-pressure tank body 7 through threads, and a sealing groove is provided at the connection to facilitate the installation of the sealing ring to achieve an effective sealing effect; the materials are all made of stainless steel to save costs, and the inner wall is processed by precision equipment to achieve smoothness and no water hanging.

[0039] A transparent observation window 17 is provided on the lower sealing cover 2 for real-time observation of material crushing. The material of the observation window 17 is pressure-resistant tempered glass. A water inlet 19 and a water outlet 18 are provided on the lower sealing cover 2 to allow the medium (e.g., oxygen-free water) to be filled into the high-pressure sealed device and to be discharged, so that ultrasonic vibration and energy can be transferred through the medium and act on the material surface without contact. The pressure exerted by the gas filled through the upper sealing cover 8 acts on the material surface and interacts with each other to achieve the effect of impact crushing the material.

[0040] The high-pressure tank body 7 adopts a circular tongue and groove sealing design, and the manual screw tightening has good sealing performance, which avoids gas leakage; the middle and lower parts are provided with two symmetrical amplitude rod mounting ports and flange positioning grooves, and four evenly distributed internal threaded holes are opened at the bottom of the flange positioning groove to facilitate the positioning of the flange and the installation of the composite amplitude rod 12; a mesh plate positioning groove 13 is provided near the thread at the lower end of the high-pressure tank body 7 for the installation and fixation of the mesh plate 3.

[0041] A pressure gauge mounting hole 20 is provided at the top of the upper sealing cover 8 for installing the pressure gauge 9 to monitor the pressure change in real time; the upper sealing cover 8 is provided with air inlet holes 21 and air discharge holes 22 on the left and right to facilitate the filling of gas into the upper sealing cover 8 to increase the overall pressure of the high-pressure sealing device, so as to achieve the effect of applying pressure to the surface of the crushed material immersed in the medium.

[0042] The mesh plate 3 and the material fixing bracket 5 are provided with circular holes with a diameter of 10 mm for screening materials that meet the size after crushing. The appropriate mesh plate can also be replaced according to actual requirements; the material fixing bracket 5 is fixed to the inner wall hole 15 of the high-pressure tank body by bolt connection to fix the material and prevent tilting during vibration crushing.

[0043] The ultrasonic vibration crushing device includes a first-level ultrasonic vibration crushing device 6 and a second-level ultrasonic vibration crushing device 4. The ultrasonic vibration crushing device is horizontally symmetrical and installed at four flange positioning grooves on both sides of the high-pressure sealing device through bolt connection, so that the material can be stably stressed and not deflected during vibration crushing; and sealing measures are taken to prevent air leakage; the first-level ultrasonic vibration crushing device 6 mainly crushes the clamped material, and the second-level ultrasonic vibration crushing device 4 mainly crushes the material that does not meet the specifications on the mesh plate 3.

[0044] The ultrasonic vibration crushing device comprises an ultrasonic transducer 11, a flange and an ultrasonic horn 12. The structural dimensions of the ultrasonic transducer 11 meet the "quarter wavelength" design requirements, and each contact surface and circumferential surface are finely processed to meet the roughness and runout requirements; the longitudinal polarization directions of adjacent piezoelectric ceramic sheets are opposite, and the piezoelectric ceramic sheets are bonded with a special adhesive after purification, and are subjected to aging treatment; the ultrasonic horn 12 adopts a composite structural design, and its structural dimensions meet the "whole wavelength" design requirements, and has a multi-stage amplification effect to effectively increase the required amplitude; an internal threaded hole is opened at the large end of the horn 12, and the ultrasonic transducer and the horn are threadedly connected by high-strength external hexagonal bolts; a concave groove is opened at the small end of the horn 12 to better gather energy to achieve a crushing effect.

[0045] The ultrasonic power supply adopts a high-power power supply to increase the overall output power; the entire crushing device adopts two two-dimensional ultrasonic power supplies to respectively excite each level of ultrasonic vibration crushing devices. The phase difference of each level of ultrasonic vibration crushing devices is adjusted to 180° to achieve the vibration superposition effect and prevent mutual interference and offset of vibrations.

[0046] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Any simple modification, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-contact ultrasonic crushing device for hard and brittle materials, comprising an external frame and a high-pressure sealing device, wherein the high-pressure sealing device comprises a lower sealing cover, a high-pressure tank body and an upper sealing cover, wherein the high-pressure tank body is fixedly connected to the external frame, and wherein: A material fixing bracket is arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the high-pressure tank body, a mesh plate is arranged in the lower part of the inner cavity of the high-pressure tank body, a primary installation port is symmetrically arranged in the middle of the high-pressure tank body, a primary ultrasonic vibration mechanism is arranged on the primary installation port, a secondary installation port is symmetrically arranged in the lower part of the high-pressure tank body, a secondary ultrasonic vibration mechanism is arranged on the secondary installation port, a transparent observation window, a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged on the lower sealing cover, and a pressure gauge, an air inlet and an air leak are arranged on the upper sealing cover; The lower sealing cover and the upper sealing cover are connected to the two ends of the high-pressure tank body through threads, and a sealing groove is provided at the connection, and a sealing ring is installed in the sealing groove; the installation height of the secondary ultrasonic vibration mechanism is greater than the height of the mesh plate to break the hard and brittle materials that do not meet the specifications and fall on the mesh plate, and the primary ultrasonic vibration mechanism is used to break the hard and brittle materials clamped by the material fixing bracket; The primary ultrasonic vibration mechanism and the secondary ultrasonic vibration mechanism both include an ultrasonic generator, a transducer and a horn, and the transducer includes piezoelectric ceramics and electrode sheets, the piezoelectric ceramics and the electrode sheets are arranged alternately and fixed to the horn by connecting bolts, the horn is provided with a connecting flange, the connecting flange is fixed to the flange on the mounting port by bolts, and a sealing gasket is provided on the contact surface; The structural dimensions of the transducer meet the "quarter wavelength" design requirements, and each contact surface and circumferential surface are finely processed to meet the roughness and runout requirements; the longitudinal polarization directions of adjacent piezoelectric ceramic sheets are opposite, and the piezoelectric ceramic sheets are bonded with a special adhesive after purification and subjected to aging treatment; the amplitude transformer adopts a composite structure design, and its structural dimensions meet the "full wavelength" design requirements, and has a multi-stage amplification effect to effectively increase the required amplitude; an internal threaded hole is opened at the large end of the amplitude transformer, and the ultrasonic transducer and the amplitude transformer are threadedly connected using high-strength external hexagonal bolts; a concave groove is opened at the small end of the amplitude transformer to better gather energy to achieve a crushing effect.

2. The non-contact ultrasonic crushing device for hard and brittle materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The entire crushing device uses two two-dimensional ultrasonic power supplies to excite each level of ultrasonic vibration crushing device respectively. The phase difference of each level of ultrasonic vibration crushing mechanism is adjusted to 180° to achieve the vibration superposition effect and prevent mutual interference and offset of vibrations.

3. The non-contact ultrasonic crushing device for hard and brittle materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mesh plate is provided with circular holes of 8-12 mm in diameter for screening materials of the same size after crushing. The material fixing bracket is fixed to the inner wall hole of the high-pressure tank body by bolt connection for fixing the material and preventing tilting during vibration crushing.

4. The non-contact ultrasonic crushing device for hard and brittle materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper end of the external frame is provided with four fixing holes for fixing the high-pressure tank body; and notches are opened on both sides to facilitate the placement and loading and unloading of the ultrasonic vibration crushing mechanism.

5. The non-contact ultrasonic crushing device for hard and brittle materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The high-pressure tank body adopts a circular tongue and groove sealing design, and has good manual spiral tightening sealing performance. Two symmetrical amplitude rod mounting ports and flange positioning grooves are provided in the middle and lower parts. Four evenly distributed internal threaded holes are opened at the bottom of the flange positioning groove, and a mesh plate positioning groove is provided near the thread at the lower end of the high-pressure tank body for the installation and fixation of the mesh plate.

6. The non-contact ultrasonic crushing device for hard and brittle materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The high-pressure sealing device is made of stainless steel, and the inner wall is processed by precision equipment to achieve smoothness and no water hanging; the observation window is made of pressure-resistant tempered glass.

7. The non-contact ultrasonic crushing device for hard and brittle materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The lower sealing cover is provided with a transparent observation window for real-time observation of material crushing, and the material of the observation window is pressure-resistant tempered glass; and the lower sealing cover is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet so as to fill and discharge the medium into the high-pressure sealed device, so as to achieve the transmission of ultrasonic vibration and energy through the medium and act on the material surface without contact; the top of the upper sealing cover is provided with a pressure gauge installation hole for the installation of the pressure gauge to monitor the pressure change in real time; the upper sealing cover is provided with air inlet holes and air discharge holes on the left and right sides to facilitate the filling of gas into the upper sealing cover, so as to increase the overall pressure of the high-pressure sealed device, so as to achieve the effect of applying pressure to the surface of the crushed material immersed in the medium.

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