A novel monitorable compensating gasket device and monitoring method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a novel monitorable compensating gasket device and monitoring method, including a gasket module, the top of the gasket module is an upper anti-skid support sheet, the insulating sheet includes a first insulating sheet and a second insulating sheet, the bottom of the upper anti-skid support sheet is provided with a first insulating sheet, the bottom of the first insulating sheet is provided with a piezoelectric sensor sheet, the bottom of the piezoelectric sensor sheet is provided with a second insulating sheet, the bottom of the second insulating sheet is provided with a piezoelectric actuator, the bottom of the piezoelectric actuator is provided with a lower anti-skid support sheet, the outer side of the upper anti-skid support sheet is provided with two arc-shaped upper top covers, the side of the upper anti-skid support sheet is provided with grooves at relative positions, the inner side of the upper top cover is provided with protrusions at relative positions, the upper anti-skid support sheet is clamped with the upper top cover, the bottom of the upper top cover is provided with a restraining ring, and the front and rear of the outer side of the piezoelectric actuator are provided with a piezoelectric actuator positive electrode silver-plated sheet and a piezoelectric actuator negative electrode silver-plated sheet respectively. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: not only the problem of bolt loosening is solved, but also the connection status can be monitored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of washers, and in particular relates to a novel monitorable compensating washer device and a monitoring method. Background Art

[0002] In production and life, it is usually necessary to connect two components. Since the bolt connection structure is easy to install or disassemble and can withstand large loads, it is widely used in various fields.

[0003] However, bolts will be affected by various factors in the service environment. The axial force of the bolt connection will decay, causing the bolts to loosen, and even sudden breakage may occur in some environments. This will not only have an economic impact, but may also lead to a series of accidents.

[0004] Therefore, some measures are needed to slow down the attenuation of the axial force of the bolt or compensate for it to avoid economic losses or accidents. At present, the commonly used measure to prevent bolt loosening is spring washers, which are low in cost and easy to install, but have low anti-loosening ability and are rarely used in products requiring high reliability, especially in important structural connections. This measure is no longer used.

[0005] Therefore, people need a device that can effectively slow down the attenuation of the axial force of the bolt and prevent the bolt from loosening.

[0006] Nowadays, piezoelectric ceramics are used more and more widely in production and life. Piezoelectric ceramics have a piezoelectric effect, that is, the effect of generating electrical signals when the piezoelectric ceramics are deformed by external force is called positive piezoelectric effect, and the effect of deformation of the piezoelectric ceramics due to the application of voltage is called inverse piezoelectric effect. Summary of the invention

[0007] The invention provides a novel monitorable compensating gasket device and a monitoring method, which not only solves the problem of bolt loosening, but also can monitor the connection status.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] A novel monitorable compensating gasket device comprises a gasket module, the top of the gasket module is an upper anti-skid support sheet, the insulating sheet comprises a first insulating sheet and a second insulating sheet, the bottom of the upper anti-skid support sheet is provided with a first insulating sheet, the bottom of the first insulating sheet is provided with a piezoelectric sensor sheet, the bottom of the piezoelectric sensor sheet is provided with a second insulating sheet, the bottom of the second insulating sheet is provided with a piezoelectric actuator, the bottom of the piezoelectric actuator is provided with a lower anti-skid support sheet, the upper anti-skid support sheet, the insulating sheet, the piezoelectric sensor sheet, the piezoelectric actuator, and the lower anti-skid support sheet are all horizontally placed circular ring structures, the outer diameters of the upper anti-skid support sheet, the insulating sheet, the piezoelectric sensor sheet, the piezoelectric actuator, and the lower anti-skid support sheet are the same, the inner diameters of the upper anti-skid support sheet, the insulating sheet, the piezoelectric sensor sheet, the piezoelectric actuator, and the lower anti-skid support sheet are the same, and the upper anti-skid support sheet, the insulating sheet, the piezoelectric sensor sheet, the piezoelectric actuator, and the lower anti-skid support sheet are the same. Two arc-shaped upper covers are provided on the outside of the sliding support sheet, grooves are provided on the relative positions of the side surfaces of the upper anti-slip support sheet, and protrusions are provided on the relative positions of the inner surfaces of the upper cover. The upper anti-slip support sheet is clamped with the upper cover, and a constraint ring is provided on the bottom of the upper cover. The constraint ring is a circular ring structure, and the inner surface of the constraint ring is adapted to the outer diameters of the piezoelectric sensor sheet and the piezoelectric actuator. A wire notch is provided on the relative positions of the front and rear sides of the constraint ring. The front and rear parts of the outer side of the piezoelectric sensor sheet are respectively provided with a positive silver-plated sheet of the piezoelectric sensor sheet and a negative silver-plated sheet of the piezoelectric sensor sheet, and the front and rear parts of the outer side of the piezoelectric actuator are respectively provided with a positive silver-plated sheet of the piezoelectric actuator and a negative silver-plated sheet of the piezoelectric actuator. The upper cover is fixedly connected to the constraint ring by screws, and the lower cover is fixedly connected to the constraint ring by screws.

[0010] Furthermore, the structures of the upper anti-skid support sheet and the lower anti-skid support sheet are symmetrical, the top surface of the upper anti-skid support sheet is provided with an anti-skid protrusion, the top surface of the upper anti-skid support sheet contacts the bolt, and the bottom surface of the lower anti-skid support sheet contacts other workpieces.

[0011] Furthermore, the inner diameters of the upper anti-slip support sheet, the insulating sheet, the piezoelectric sensor sheet, the piezoelectric actuator, and the lower anti-slip support sheet are adapted to the bolts.

[0012] Furthermore, the positions of the positive silver-plated sheet of the piezoelectric actuator, the wire notch, and the positive silver-plated sheet of the piezoelectric sensor correspond to each other, and the positions of the negative silver-plated sheet of the piezoelectric sensor and the negative silver-plated sheet of the piezoelectric actuator correspond to each other.

[0013] Furthermore, the size of the positive silver-plated sheet and the negative silver-plated sheet of the piezoelectric sensor sheet is adapted to the thickness of the piezoelectric sensor sheet, and the size of the positive silver-plated sheet and the negative silver-plated sheet of the piezoelectric actuator is adapted to the thickness of the piezoelectric actuator.

[0014] Furthermore, the positive silver-plated sheet of the piezoelectric sensor sheet and the negative silver-plated sheet of the piezoelectric sensor sheet are electrically connected to the signal collector, and the positive silver-plated sheet of the piezoelectric actuator and the negative silver-plated sheet of the piezoelectric actuator are electrically connected to the power supply.

[0015] Furthermore, a gap is provided between the groove on the side surface of the upper anti-slip support sheet and the protrusion on the inner side surface of the upper top cover, and the gap is adapted to the expansion volume of the piezoelectric actuator.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] In the present invention, a piezoelectric actuator is provided and energized, and the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet is utilized to expand the piezoelectric actuator after energization, so that when the bolt is tightened, an expansion force is generated in the axial direction, and pressure is generated to compensate for the attenuation of the axial force of the bolt, thereby effectively preventing the bolt from loosening;

[0018] By setting a piezoelectric sensor sheet and connecting a signal collector to the outside of the piezoelectric sensor sheet, during the expansion process of the piezoelectric actuator, the fluctuation of the axial force will cause the piezoelectric sensor sheet to be deformed due to pressure. Due to the positive piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet, the piezoelectric sensor sheet will generate current, and the current will be transmitted to the signal collector through the positive silver-plated sheet of the piezoelectric sensor sheet and the negative silver-plated sheet of the piezoelectric sensor sheet. By monitoring the current generated by the piezoelectric sensor sheet, the expansion of the piezoelectric actuator can be monitored, and the compensation of the washer module for the attenuation of the bolt axial force can be determined, making the use of the washer module more convenient and humanized.

[0019] By arranging insulating sheets on the upper and lower parts of the piezoelectric sensor sheet, the current of the piezoelectric actuator is effectively prevented from being transmitted to the piezoelectric sensor sheet, causing the piezoelectric sensor sheet to expand together, thereby protecting the detection function of the piezoelectric sensor sheet on the piezoelectric actuator;

[0020] The invention can effectively compensate for the axial force of the bolt to prevent the bolt from loosening, and can provide real-time feedback on changes in the axial force. It not only solves the problem of bolt loosening, but also can monitor the connection status. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 An exploded view of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the actual compensation force test experiment of the device;

[0025] Figure 5 are the parameters of the piezoelectric actuator used in the experimental setup;

[0026] Figure 6 Comparison of the effect of piezoelectric actuator on bolt axial force under different applied voltages;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the change in the bolt axial force when the piezoelectric actuator applies different voltages in the experiment;

[0028] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the change in the bolt axial force when no voltage is applied to the piezoelectric actuator in the experiment.

[0029] In the figure: 1. upper anti-skid support plate, 2. insulating plate, 3. piezoelectric sensor plate, 4. piezoelectric actuator, 5. lower anti-skid support plate, 6. piezoelectric sensor plate positive silver-plated plate, 7. piezoelectric actuator positive silver-plated plate, 8. restraining ring, 9. screw, 10. upper top cover, 11. lower top cover, 12. gasket module, 13. bolt, 14. power supply, 15. test bench, 16. connector, 17. tension sensor, 18. ground, 19. wire notch, 20. piezoelectric sensor plate negative silver-plated plate, 21. piezoelectric actuator negative silver-plated plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Example: Figures 1 to 4 As shown, it includes a gasket module 12, the top of the gasket module 12 is an upper anti-slip support sheet 1, the insulating sheet 2 includes a first insulating sheet and a second insulating sheet, the bottom of the upper anti-slip support sheet 1 is provided with a first insulating sheet, the bottom of the first insulating sheet is provided with a piezoelectric sensor sheet 3, the bottom of the piezoelectric sensor sheet 3 is provided with a second insulating sheet, the bottom of the second insulating sheet is provided with a piezoelectric actuator 4, the bottom of the piezoelectric actuator 4 is provided with a lower anti-slip support sheet 5, the upper anti-slip support sheet 1, the insulating sheet 2, the piezoelectric sensor sheet 3, the piezoelectric actuator 4, and the lower anti-slip support sheet 5 are all horizontally placed circular ring structures, the outer diameters of the upper anti-slip support sheet 1, the insulating sheet 2, the piezoelectric sensor sheet 3, the piezoelectric actuator 4, and the lower anti-slip support sheet 5 are the same, the inner diameters of the upper anti-slip support sheet 1, the insulating sheet 2, the piezoelectric sensor sheet 3, the piezoelectric actuator 4, and the lower anti-slip support sheet 5 are the same, and the outer side of the upper anti-slip support sheet 1 is provided with two The upper cover 10 is arc-shaped, and a groove is provided at the relative position of the side of the upper anti-slip support sheet 1, and a protrusion is provided at the relative position of the inner side of the upper cover 10. The upper anti-slip support sheet 1 is snap-connected with the upper cover 10. A constraint ring 8 is provided at the bottom of the upper cover 10. The constraint ring 8 is a circular ring structure. The inner side of the constraint ring 8 is adapted to the outer diameter of the piezoelectric sensor sheet 3 and the piezoelectric actuator 4. A wire notch 19 is provided at the relative position of the front and rear sides of the constraint ring 8. The front and rear parts of the outer side of the piezoelectric sensor sheet 3 are respectively provided with a piezoelectric sensor sheet positive electrode silver-plated sheet 6 and a piezoelectric sensor sheet negative electrode silver-plated sheet 20. The front and rear parts of the outer side of the piezoelectric actuator 4 are respectively provided with a piezoelectric actuator positive electrode silver-plated sheet 7 and a piezoelectric actuator negative electrode silver-plated sheet 21. The upper cover 10 is fixedly connected to the constraint ring 8 by screws 9, and the lower cover 11 is fixedly connected to the constraint ring 8 by screws 9.

[0031] The structures of the upper anti-skid support sheet 1 and the lower anti-skid support sheet 5 are symmetrical. The top surface of the upper anti-skid support sheet 1 is provided with an anti-skid protrusion. The top surface of the upper anti-skid support sheet 1 contacts the bolt 13, and the bottom surface of the lower anti-skid support sheet 5 contacts other workpieces. The inner diameters of the upper anti-skid support sheet 1, the insulating sheet 2, the piezoelectric sensor sheet 3, the piezoelectric actuator 4, and the lower anti-skid support sheet 5 are adapted to the bolt 13. The positions of the piezoelectric actuator positive silver-plated sheet 7, the wire notch 19, and the piezoelectric sensor positive silver-plated sheet 6 correspond to each other. The positions of the piezoelectric sensor negative silver-plated sheet 20 and the piezoelectric actuator negative silver-plated sheet 21 correspond to each other. The size of the positive silver-plated sheet 6 of the electric sensor sheet and the negative silver-plated sheet 20 of the piezoelectric sensor sheet is adapted to the thickness of the piezoelectric sensor sheet 3, the size of the positive silver-plated sheet 7 of the piezoelectric actuator and the negative silver-plated sheet 21 of the piezoelectric actuator is adapted to the thickness of the piezoelectric actuator 4, the positive silver-plated sheet 6 of the piezoelectric sensor sheet and the negative silver-plated sheet 20 of the piezoelectric sensor sheet are electrically connected to the signal collector, the positive silver-plated sheet 7 of the piezoelectric actuator and the negative silver-plated sheet 21 of the piezoelectric actuator are electrically connected to the power supply 14, and a gap is set between the side groove of the upper anti-slip support sheet 1 and the protrusion on the inner side of the upper top cover 10, and the gap is adapted to the expansion volume of the piezoelectric actuator 4.

[0032] Working process: insert the bolt 13 into the inner hole of the gasket module 12, and tighten the bolt 13 to the corresponding workpiece. After tightening, use a wire to electrically connect the positive silver-plated sheet 7 of the piezoelectric actuator to the positive pole of the power supply 14, and the negative silver-plated sheet 21 of the piezoelectric actuator to the negative pole of the power supply 14, connect the positive silver-plated sheet 6 of the piezoelectric sensor sheet and the negative silver-plated sheet 20 of the piezoelectric sensor sheet to the signal collector, and wrap all electrical contacts with hot melt adhesive to prevent leakage.

[0033] After the bolt 13 is tightened, the power supply 14 is energized and voltage is applied to both ends of the piezoelectric actuator, causing it to deform and expand, generating pressure on the bolt 13 and increasing the axial force. The change in force during this process causes the piezoelectric sensor piece 3 to deform under pressure and generate an electrical signal, which is then reflected in the signal collector to achieve a monitoring effect.

[0034] The following experiment was conducted to test the device's ability to actually compensate for the bolt axial force.

[0035] Experimental process: Figure 4 As shown, the washer module is inserted into the bolt, and the bolt is passed through the fixed test bench surface. The washer module contacts the top surface of the test bench surface. A connector is fixedly provided at the bottom of the bolt, a tension sensor is fixedly provided at the bottom of the connector, and the bottom of the tension sensor is fixedly connected to the ground. A power supply is provided on the right side of the washer module, and the washer module is electrically connected to the power supply.

[0036] Tighten the bolts with a wrench. The axial force received by the pressure sensor is displayed on the monitor. The force at this time is recorded as the initial force, which is displayed in kg.

[0037] Here we set the initial axial force of the bolt to around 148kg, and apply voltages of 0V, 30V, 90V, and 120V to the piezoelectric ceramic sheet, respectively. Then we record the magnitude of the axial force every one minute, and each set of experiments is recorded for 40 minutes.

[0038] from Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 It can be seen that the axial force decays faster within three minutes after the wrench loosens the bolt. This is because the bolt is in elastic deformation when it is just tightened. After the wrench is unloaded, the bolt will release stress, and the release rate is fast in the early stage.

[0039] When no voltage is applied, i.e. 0V, the axial force of the bolt continues to decay, but the decay rate decreases with time.

[0040] When a voltage of 30V is applied, the attenuation rate of the bolt in the first few minutes is slower than when no voltage is applied, and then the axial force keeps increasing slightly, which means that there is an appropriate compensation effect on the axial force.

[0041] When a voltage of 90V is applied, the attenuation rate of the bolt in the first few minutes is slower than when a voltage of 30V is applied. The subsequent axial force increase rate is significantly faster than when a voltage of 30V is applied, but it slows down over time and tends to be flat.

[0042] When 120V voltage is applied, the attenuation rate of the bolt in the first few minutes is slower than when 90V voltage is applied. The subsequent axial force increase rate is slightly faster than when 90V but not particularly obvious, and also tends to be flat.

[0043] The piezoelectric actuator used in the experiment is a piezoelectric ceramic sheet with an outer diameter of 30 mm, an inner diameter of 12 mm, and a thickness of 5 mm. Other parameters are as follows: Figure 5 shown.

Claims

1. A new type of monitorable compensating gasket device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a washer module (12), the top of the washer module (12) is an upper anti-skid support sheet (1), the insulating sheet (2) comprises a first insulating sheet and a second insulating sheet, the bottom of the upper anti-skid support sheet (1) is provided with a first insulating sheet, the bottom of the first insulating sheet is provided with a piezoelectric sensor sheet (3), the bottom of the piezoelectric sensor sheet (3) is provided with a second insulating sheet, the bottom of the second insulating sheet is provided with a piezoelectric actuator (4), the bottom of the piezoelectric actuator (4) is provided with a lower anti-skid support sheet (5), the upper anti-skid support sheet (1), the insulating sheet ( 2), the piezoelectric sensor sheet (3), the piezoelectric actuator (4), and the lower anti-skid support sheet (5) are all horizontally placed circular ring structures. The outer diameters of the upper anti-skid support sheet (1), the insulating sheet (2), the piezoelectric sensor sheet (3), the piezoelectric actuator (4), and the lower anti-skid support sheet (5) are the same. The inner diameters of the upper anti-skid support sheet (1), the insulating sheet (2), the piezoelectric sensor sheet (3), the piezoelectric actuator (4), and the lower anti-skid support sheet (5) are the same. The outer side of the upper anti-skid support sheet (1) is provided with two The upper cover (10) is arc-shaped, a groove is provided at a relative position on the side of the upper anti-slip support sheet (1), a protrusion is provided at a relative position on the inner side of the upper cover (10), the upper anti-slip support sheet (1) is snap-connected with the upper cover (10), a restraining ring (8) is provided at the bottom of the upper cover (10), the restraining ring (8) is a circular ring structure, the inner side of the restraining ring (8) is matched with the outer diameter of the piezoelectric sensor sheet (3) and the piezoelectric actuator (4), and a restraining ring (8) is provided at a relative position on the front side and the rear side. A wire notch (19) is provided on the front and rear outer sides of the piezoelectric sensor sheet (3), respectively, with a piezoelectric sensor sheet positive electrode silver-plated sheet (6) and a piezoelectric sensor sheet negative electrode silver-plated sheet (20); a piezoelectric actuator (4) positive electrode silver-plated sheet (7) and a piezoelectric actuator negative electrode silver-plated sheet (21) are provided on the front and rear outer sides of the piezoelectric actuator (4), respectively; an upper cover (10) is fixedly connected to a restraining collar (8) by means of screws (9); and a lower cover (11) is fixedly connected to a restraining collar (8) by means of screws (9).

2. A novel monitorable compensating washer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structures of the upper anti-skid support sheet (1) and the lower anti-skid support sheet (5) are symmetrical. The top surface of the upper anti-skid support sheet (1) is provided with an anti-skid protrusion. The top surface of the upper anti-skid support sheet (1) contacts the bolt (13), and the bottom surface of the lower anti-skid support sheet (5) contacts other workpieces.

3. A novel monitorable compensating washer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner diameters of the upper anti-slip support sheet (1), the insulating sheet (2), the piezoelectric sensor sheet (3), the piezoelectric actuator (4), and the lower anti-slip support sheet (5) are compatible with the bolt (13).

4. A novel monitorable compensating washer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positions of the piezoelectric actuator positive electrode silver-plated sheet (7), the wire notch (19), and the piezoelectric sensor sheet positive electrode silver-plated sheet (6) correspond to each other, and the positions of the piezoelectric sensor sheet negative electrode silver-plated sheet (20) and the piezoelectric actuator negative electrode silver-plated sheet (21) correspond to each other.

5. A novel monitorable compensating washer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the piezoelectric sensor sheet positive electrode silver-plated sheet (6) and the piezoelectric sensor sheet negative electrode silver-plated sheet (20) is adapted to the thickness of the piezoelectric sensor sheet (3), and the size of the piezoelectric actuator positive electrode silver-plated sheet (7) and the piezoelectric actuator negative electrode silver-plated sheet (21) is adapted to the thickness of the piezoelectric actuator (4).

6. A novel monitorable compensating washer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piezoelectric sensor sheet positive silver-plated sheet (6) and the piezoelectric sensor sheet negative silver-plated sheet (20) are electrically connected to the signal collector, and the piezoelectric actuator positive silver-plated sheet (7) and the piezoelectric actuator negative silver-plated sheet (21) are electrically connected to the power supply (14).

7. A novel monitorable compensating washer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gap is provided between the side groove of the upper anti-slip support sheet (1) and the inner side protrusion of the upper top cover (10), and the gap is adapted to the expansion volume of the piezoelectric actuator (4).

8. A monitoring method for a novel monitorable compensating gasket device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the following steps: S1. Insert the bolt (13) into the inner hole of the gasket module (12), and tighten the bolt (13) and the corresponding workpiece. After tightening, the gasket module (12) is clamped by the bolt (13) and the workpiece, and the positive silver-plated sheet (7) of the piezoelectric actuator is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the power supply (14) by a wire, and the negative silver-plated sheet (21) of the piezoelectric actuator is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the power supply (14), and the positive silver-plated sheet (6) of the piezoelectric sensor sheet and the negative silver-plated sheet (20) of the piezoelectric sensor sheet are electrically connected to the signal collector, and all electrical contacts are wrapped with hot melt adhesive to prevent leakage; S2. After all the electrical contacts are wrapped with hot melt adhesive, the power supply (14) is turned on, and the power supply (14) energizes the piezoelectric actuator (4). A voltage is applied to both ends of the piezoelectric actuator (4), causing it to deform and expand, thereby generating pressure on the bolt (13) and increasing the axial force. The change in force during this process causes the piezoelectric sensor (3) to deform under pressure. After the piezoelectric sensor (3) is deformed, an electrical signal is generated, and the electrical signal is transmitted to the signal collector through a wire. By observing the change in the electrical signal in the signal collector, the expansion process of the piezoelectric actuator (4) is monitored.

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