Gravity retaining wall and construction method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a gravity retaining wall and a construction method thereof, and relates to the field of slope support. The gravity retaining wall comprises a prefabricated block and a foundation, wherein the foundation comprises a lower foundation arranged at the bottom of a foundation pit and an upper foundation at least partially arranged above the lower foundation and fixed to the lower foundation, and the upper foundation is connected to the prefabricated block; wherein a foundation pit is provided on the ground. By dividing the foundation of the gravity retaining wall into an upper foundation and a lower foundation, the upper foundation and the lower foundation can reduce the volume relative to the overall foundation, thereby solving the technical problem that the retaining wall foundation is bulky and heavy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of slope support engineering, and more specifically, relates to a gravity retaining wall and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Gravity retaining walls use their own gravity to maintain the stability of retaining walls under soil pressure. Gravity retaining walls include wall bodies and foundations. Due to the long-term pressure of the backfill behind the wall, retaining walls are at risk of sliding or even overturning. To avoid this risk, the foundation of the retaining wall is usually set inside the foundation during design, and the anti-tilt stability of the retaining wall is improved by strengthening the stability of the foundation. The commonly used methods currently include concrete integral prefabricated foundations, cast-in-place foundations, steel plate threaded connection foundations, reinforced concrete base plates and anchor rods or hook combination foundations, and combined pile foundations. The relevant retaining wall foundations have the disadvantage of bulky components. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a gravity retaining wall and a construction method thereof to solve the technical problem of the huge volume of the retaining wall foundation.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention provide a gravity retaining wall and a construction method.

[0006] A gravity retaining wall, used for fixing to the ground, comprises: a prefabricated block; a foundation, wherein the foundation comprises: a lower foundation arranged at the bottom of a foundation pit and an upper foundation at least partially arranged above the lower foundation and fixed to the lower foundation, wherein the upper foundation is connected to the prefabricated block; wherein the foundation pit is opened on the ground.

[0007] Furthermore, the upper base includes a main body and a tenon protruding downward from the main body, wherein the width of the tenon is smaller than the width of the main body, and the upper surface of the lower base is provided with a first groove, and the tenon abuts against the first groove.

[0008] Furthermore, the height of the tenon is 0.03-0.08 m.

[0009] Furthermore, the cross-section of the tenon is trapezoidal, and the width of the upper edge of the tenon is greater than the width of the lower edge of the tenon.

[0010] Furthermore, a second groove is provided on the upper surface of the body, and the bottom of the prefabricated block is arranged in the second groove and abuts against the second groove.

[0011] Furthermore, a third groove is formed on the upper surface of the prefabricated block, and a protrusion is formed on the bottom of the prefabricated block. The protrusion can be inserted into the second groove and abut against the second groove.

[0012] A construction method for a gravity retaining wall, comprising:

[0013] S1, production of prefabricated blocks and foundation;

[0014] S2. Open a foundation pit on the ground;

[0015] S3, hoisting the upper foundation to a preset height in the foundation pit, and fixing the upper foundation;

[0016] S4, pouring concrete in the foundation pit to form a lower foundation, wherein the lower foundation is fixedly connected to the upper foundation, and the upper foundation is at least partially located above the lower foundation;

[0017] S5. Backfill the foundation pit until it is flush with the ground;

[0018] S6, hanging the prefabricated blocks and fixing them to the upper foundation.

[0019] Further, the production upper foundation includes a prefabricated upper foundation, and the upper foundation includes a body and a tenon protruding downward from the body, wherein the width of the tenon is smaller than the width of the body.

[0020] Furthermore, the fixed connection between the lower foundation and the upper foundation includes: pouring the concrete until the tenon of the upper foundation is covered.

[0021] Further, the step S6 comprises:

[0022] S61, hanging the first layer of prefabricated blocks on the top surface of the upper foundation and fixedly connecting them to the upper foundation;

[0023] S62, the prefabricated blocks of each layer are sequentially suspended from bottom to top until the top of the wall, and the prefabricated blocks of each layer are fixedly connected with the prefabricated blocks of the adjacent layers.

[0024] The present invention provides a gravity retaining wall and a construction method thereof. A gravity retaining wall comprises a prefabricated block and a foundation, wherein the foundation comprises: a lower foundation arranged at the bottom of a foundation pit and an upper foundation at least partially arranged above the lower foundation and fixed to the lower foundation, and the upper foundation is connected to the prefabricated block. A construction method of a gravity retaining wall comprises:

[0025] S1, production of prefabricated blocks and foundation;

[0026] S2. Open a foundation pit on the ground;

[0027] S3, hoisting the upper foundation to a preset height in the foundation pit and fixing the upper foundation;

[0028] S4. pouring concrete in the foundation pit to form a lower foundation, wherein the lower foundation is fixedly connected to the upper foundation, and the upper foundation is at least partially located above the lower foundation;

[0029] S5. Backfill the foundation pit until it is flush with the ground;

[0030] S6. Hang the prefabricated blocks and fix them to the upper foundation.

[0031] The gravity retaining wall of the embodiment of the present invention includes a foundation, which includes a lower foundation and an upper foundation at least partially arranged above the lower foundation and fixed to the lower foundation. By dividing the foundation of the gravity retaining wall into two parts, the upper foundation and the lower foundation, the volume of the upper foundation and the lower foundation can be reduced relative to the overall foundation. In addition, in the construction method of the gravity retaining wall of the embodiment of the present invention, the upper foundation is prefabricated and the lower foundation is cast. Since the upper foundation and the lower foundation split the overall foundation, the volume is relatively small, which is convenient for construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a gravity retaining wall structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2a A schematic diagram of the lower foundation structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2b It is a schematic diagram of another lower foundation structure form;

[0036] Figure 3a This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the prefabricated blocks according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3b A schematic diagram of another type of prefabricated block assembly structure;

[0038] Figure 4a It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an elongated upper foundation and an elongated lower foundation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4b It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a short upper foundation and a short lower foundation of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5a It is a schematic top view of the tenon structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5b is a schematic top view of another tenon structure;

[0042] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an upper foundation connection method;

[0043] Figure 7 is a partial schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of an upper base of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 8a A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a foundation and prefabricated blocks in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 8b It is a front view schematic diagram of the foundation and prefabricated blocks in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 8c It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a foundation and a prefabricated block in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of another gravity retaining wall structure.

[0048] Description of Reference Numerals

[0049] 1-foundation, 11-lower foundation, 111-long lower foundation, 112-short lower foundation, 11A-first groove, 11S-expansion joint, 12-upper foundation, 121-short upper foundation, 122-long upper foundation, 12A-body, 12B-tenon, 12c-left side groove, 12b-right side tenon, 12C-second groove, 2-prefabricated block, 21-short prefabricated block, 22-long prefabricated block, 2A-third groove, 2B-protrusion, 3-foundation pit, 4-lifting hole, P-drainage hole, R-pavement, T-fill, i-slope ratio, L1-vertical height of retaining wall, L2-horizontal width of retaining wall, L-body length, H-body width, D-body height, H1-foundation pit depth, H2-foundation height, h-tenon upper edge width, h1-tenon height, h2-tenon lower edge width, h3-second groove width, h4-second groove length DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0051] The various specific technical features described in the specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, for example, different embodiments and technical solutions can be formed by combining different specific technical features. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations of the specific technical features in the present invention will not be described separately.

[0052] In the following description, the terms "first\second" are only used to distinguish different objects, and do not mean that there is any similarity or connection between the two. It should be understood that the orientation descriptions "above" and "below" are both orientations in normal use.

[0053] It should be noted that the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0054] A gravity retaining wall and a construction method provided in an embodiment of the present invention can be used for slope support in railways, highways, water conservancy and the like. It should be noted that the application scenario types in the present invention do not limit the present invention.

[0055] First, the gravity retaining wall used for railway slope support is taken as an example.

[0056] The following combination Figure 1 The working principle of the gravity retaining wall is exemplified. The gravity retaining wall may include: a foundation 1 and a prefabricated block 2. The foundation pit 3 is usually set below the ground R. The foundation 1 is set at the bottom of the foundation pit 3 to support the prefabricated block 2. The prefabricated block 2 is fixedly connected to the foundation 1. The remaining prefabricated blocks 2 are stacked in layers from bottom to top against the backfill T to the top of the wall to form the body of the retaining wall. The prefabricated blocks 2 can also be prefabricated as a whole and directly placed in front of the backfill T to form the body of the retaining wall. Before installing the wall body, the surface of the backfill T needs to be trimmed to a certain slope in advance so that the wall body leans against the backfill T in a backward manner. The purpose of the back leaning of the retaining wall is to use the gravity of the wall body itself to press the backfill T to prevent the backfill T from deforming and becoming unstable and collapsing to cause danger. The gravity retaining wall fixes the wall body through the foundation 1, and then resists the pressure on the soil side through the gravity of the wall body itself.

[0057] In the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1As shown, the gravity retaining wall includes a foundation 1 and a prefabricated block 2. The foundation 1 includes a lower foundation 11 arranged at the bottom of a foundation pit 3. Specifically, a foundation pit 3 is opened on the ground R, the depth of the foundation pit 3 is H1, and the cross-sectional shape of the foundation pit 3 can be an inverted trapezoid. It should be noted that the cross-sectional shape refers to a surface perpendicular to the extension direction of the foundation pit 3. The upper end is the opening end of the foundation pit 3, the lower end is the bottom of the foundation pit 3, the width of the lower end is less than the width of the upper end, the bottom of the foundation pit 3 is a roughly planar shape, and the left and right sides are respectively the two sides of the foundation pit 3. It should be noted that the left and right sides of the foundation pit 3 have a certain slope ratio i, and its slope ratio i value is the same as the design slope ratio i value of the retaining wall. The specific slope ratio i value is set according to the actual needs of the project. The value of the slope ratio i does not limit the present invention. The slope ratio i represents the ratio of the vertical height L1 of the slope surface to the horizontal width L2. The slope ratio selected in this embodiment is 1:0~0.3. The lower foundation 11 is located at the bottom of the foundation pit 3 and is fixedly connected to the foundation pit 3. The lower foundation 11 is a roughly cubic structure. In order to facilitate the lower foundation 11 to better abut against the foundation pit 3, the lower foundation 11 in this embodiment adopts an inclined base lower foundation 11 structure. The left and right sides of its cross-section are parallel and inclined toward the fill T side. The inclination slope is the inverse of the slope ratio i, which is generally 0 to 0.4.

[0058] The lower foundation 11 can be one or more. Figure 2a As shown, multiple lower foundations 11 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the foundation pit to form the lower foundation 11. Figure 2b The figure shows a one-piece single lower foundation 11 which is a self-contained lower foundation 11 .

[0059] Considering that multiple sub-units of the lower foundation 11 are arranged to facilitate engineering construction, in this embodiment, the following are selected: Figure 2a The form of the lower foundation 11 shown will be described later. A certain expansion joint 11S is reserved between each lower foundation 11. It should be noted that the expansion joint 11S refers to a gap with a certain distance reserved during the construction process to prevent the lower foundation 11 from cracking or being damaged due to climate temperature changes (thermal expansion or contraction). In this embodiment, the spacing of the expansion joints 11S is set to 10 to 30m, and the expansion joints 11S are filled with asphalt hemp tendons or asphalt wood fiber boards. It should be noted that the spacing of the expansion joints does not limit the present invention. Lower foundations 112 of short cubic structures are respectively arranged at both ends of the extension direction of the foundation pit 3, and lower foundations 111 of long cubic structures are arranged at intervals in the area between the two ends of the foundation pit 3 along the extension direction of the foundation pit 3. The combination arrangement of long and short cubic structures is to make up for the length gap problem caused by the spacing setting method of the lower foundation 11. The height of the lower foundation 11 is 0.5 to 1 m, and the bottom surface of the lower foundation 11 is roughly flat, ensuring that the bottom surface of the lower foundation 11 is flatly fitted with the bottom surface of the foundation pit 3. The side of the lower foundation 11 close to the fill T side is fitted with the right side of the foundation pit 3, providing a certain support effect with the help of the right side.

[0060] The foundation 1 also includes an upper foundation 12 which is at least partially arranged above the lower foundation 11 and fixed to the lower foundation 11. The width of the upper foundation 12 is the same as that of the lower foundation 11. There can be multiple upper foundations 12, which are arranged adjacent to each other in a row along the arrangement direction of the lower foundation 11 and arranged in a staggered manner with the lower foundation 11 below, that is, one upper foundation 12 is connected to two lower foundations 11. This staggered connection method can make the connection between the upper foundation 12 and the lower foundation 11 more firm and tight. The upper foundation 12 is provided with a short upper foundation 121 at least at one end of the row, and the rest are long upper foundations 122. The combination of long and short upper foundations can make up for the length gap caused by the staggered connection method. At least a part of the upper foundation 12 is higher than the ground R, a part of the upper foundation 12 is embedded in the lower foundation 11, and the other part is located above the lower foundation 11. The side of the upper foundation 12 close to the fill T and the side of the upper foundation 12 close to the fill T are in contact with the right side of the foundation pit 3 and the surface of the fill T. On the one hand, the right side and the fill T can provide a certain support effect. On the other hand, since the slope ratio of the fill T surface is the same as the slope ratio of the retaining wall, the upper foundation 12 can use its own weight to resist the pressure on the side of the fill T while in contact, so as to avoid the occurrence of the retaining wall overturning. The design of the inverted trapezoidal foundation pit 3 and the inclined base lower foundation 11 can make the lower foundation 11 more firmly abut against the foundation pit 3, preventing the lower foundation 11 from sliding. Dividing the foundation 1 into the lower foundation 11 and the upper foundation 12 can greatly reduce the volume and weight of the foundation 1, and it is also convenient for assembly and construction. The fixed connection method of the lower foundation 11 and the upper foundation 12 can further strengthen the connection between the lower foundation 11 and the upper foundation 12, providing a firm and solid foundation 1 for the retaining wall. The left side of the foundation pit 3 and the side of the foundation 1 away from the fill T are filled with crushed stone or concrete until they are flush with the ground R, which can compact and tighten the foundation 1 and level the road surface at the same time. The height H2 of the foundation 1 is greater than the depth H1 of the foundation pit 3, so as to facilitate the connection between the upper foundation 12 and the prefabricated block 2.

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, the prefabricated block 2 is arranged above the upper foundation 12 and is fixedly connected to the upper foundation 12 to form the wall of the retaining wall. It should be noted that the prefabricated block 2 can be one or more. Since the integrated prefabricated block 2 is large and heavy, it is not convenient for construction. Preferably, in this embodiment, the prefabricated block 2 is used as shown in FIG. Figure 1 The structure of multiple prefabricated blocks 2 layered together is described below. Figure 3a Each layer shown has multiple prefabricated blocks 2 adjacent to each other. Figure 3b Only a single prefabricated block 2 is provided on each floor, considering that Figure 3a The prefabricated block 2 shown in the manner is light and compact, which is convenient for construction. Preferably, in this embodiment, the prefabricated block 2 is selected as follows: Figure 3aThe scheme shown will be introduced later. Since the prefabricated blocks 2 are small in size and large in number, in order to make the connection between each other more firm, they are arranged in an up-and-down staggered manner. Similarly, in order to make up for the length gap caused by the staggered connection method, a short prefabricated block 21 is set at one end of each layer, and the remaining prefabricated blocks 2 of the layer are all set as long prefabricated blocks 22. The length of the long prefabricated block 22 is the same as the length of the long upper foundation 122, the length of the short prefabricated block 21 is the same as the length of the short upper foundation 121, and the width of the prefabricated block 2 is the same as the width of the upper foundation 12, wherein the lengths of the short prefabricated block 21 and the short upper foundation 121 are both half the lengths of the long prefabricated block 22 and the long upper foundation 122. It should be noted that the above-mentioned length and width do not limit the present invention.

[0062] The embodiment of the present invention divides the foundation of the gravity retaining wall into two parts, an upper foundation and a lower foundation. Compared with the overall foundation, the upper foundation and the lower foundation can reduce the volume and realize assembled construction, thereby solving the technical problem of the bulky retaining wall foundation and ensuring the stability of the foundation 1.

[0063] In some embodiments, Figure 4a and 4b As shown, the upper base 12 includes a body 12A and a tenon 12B protruding downward from the body 12A, wherein the width h of the tenon 12B is less than the width H of the body 12A, and the upper surface of the lower base 11 is provided with a first groove 11A, and the tenon 12B abuts against the first groove 11A. Specifically, the body 12A is a substantially cubic structure. In an exemplary embodiment, the length L of the body 12A of the long upper base 122 is 2 m, and the height D is 0.5 m. The length L of the body 12A of the short upper base 121 is 1 m, and the height D is 0.5 m. The width H of the long upper base 122 and the short upper base 121 are the same as the width of the lower base 11, generally 0.5 to 4 m, and the inclination slope is the same as that of the lower base 11. The lower surface of the body 12A protrudes downward to form the tenon 12B, and the tenon 12B is located in the approximately middle area of ​​the lower surface of the body 12A. The length of the tenon 12B is less than or equal to the length of the body 12A. In order to provide the tenon 12B with a greater abutting force, preferably, the length of the tenon 12B is the same as that of the body 12A, both being L.

[0064] The structure of the tenon 12B can be various, such as Figure 5a The structure shown is a quadrangular pyramidal tenon 12B, which can also be Figure 5b The structure of the elliptical cone-shaped tenon 12B is shown. Since the manufacturing process of the quadrangular cone-shaped tenon 12B is simple, the following is selected in this embodiment: Figure 5aThe structure of the quadrangular pyramidal tenon 12B shown. As shown in FIG4 , the shape of the first groove 11A on the upper surface of the lower base 11 is completely matched with the tenon 12B, that is, the quadrangular prism-shaped groove is recessed downward from the upper surface of the lower base 11, and the tenon 12B with a certain height on the upper base 12 is pressed into the first groove 11A of the lower base 11 to form an interlocking structure. This structural design increases the shear resistance strength between the upper and lower bases to prevent sliding and overturning. Optionally, in order to further improve the shear resistance strength between the upper bases in the left and right directions, an outwardly protruding tenon 12b may be provided on the left or right side of the upper base 12, and correspondingly, an inwardly recessed groove 12c may be provided on the right or left side of the upper base 12, for example. Figure 6 As shown, a tenon 12b is provided on the right side, and a groove 12c is provided on the left side. By splicing adjacent upper bases 12, the tenon 12b is pressed into the groove 12c on the adjacent side to realize a left-right interlocking structure. The upper base 12 of this structure can be interlocked not only up and down, but also left and right, and the connection method is more secure and tight.

[0065] In some embodiments, the height h1 of the tenon 12B is 0.03-0.08 m. As shown in FIG. 4 , preferably, the height h1 of the tenon 12B is 0.05 m. Specifically, the main function of the tenon 12B is to strengthen the connection between the upper foundation 12 and the lower foundation 11. The inventors of the present application have found that if the height of the tenon 12B is too high, the tenon 12B can be equivalent to the lever arm of the upper foundation 12. Obviously, under the same force, the longer the lever arm and the greater the torque, the more likely the tenon 12B is to bend or break, resulting in connection failure, thereby causing instability in the connection between the upper and lower foundations, burying a safety hazard for the retaining wall. What's more, for the retaining wall foundation 1 of the highway or railway, affected by the instability factors of the environment, for example, when a heavy truck passes by the road or a train passes by the railway, the road and the retaining wall will produce a relatively strong vibration, which can be used as an excitation force and transmitted to the tenon 12B through the connector. The excitation force has a certain natural frequency, which is determined by the current road environment. The tenon 12B also has a certain natural frequency, which is determined by its own structure. When the two frequencies are the same or similar, resonance will occur, causing the tenon 12B to break. Due to the complex road conditions, the frequency range of its excitation force is relatively wide. The inventor of this application found that at the beginning of the design, the natural frequency of the tenon 12B should be increased as much as possible, because compared with the lower natural frequency, it takes more energy to excite a higher natural frequency, so it is more difficult to excite, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of resonance risk. When the cross-sectional area and external shape of the tenon 12B are the same, and only the length size is different, the longer the length of the tenon 12B, the lower its natural frequency, and the easier it is to be excited, causing resonance. Therefore, from the perspective of safety and reliability, the height design of the tenon 12B should not be too high. At the same time, from the perspective of construction, the low tenon 12B is also conducive to the development of construction.

[0066] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4 and Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 It is a partial schematic diagram of the left side cross-sectional view of Figure 4. The cross section of the tenon 12B is a trapezoid. It should be noted that the cross section refers to the surface perpendicular to the length direction of the tenon. The width h of the upper edge of the tenon 12B is greater than the width h2 of the lower edge of the tenon 12B. Specifically, the width h of the upper edge is (1 / 4 to 1 / 3) H, and the width h shrinks downward at a slope ratio of 1:1 to 2 to form an inverted trapezoidal structure. Preferably, the width h is selected to be 1 / 3H and the slope ratio is 1:2. The design of the inverted trapezoidal structure can reduce the stress at the upper edge of the tenon 12B, avoid stress concentration that causes the tenon 12B to break, and cause the interlocking connection to fail.

[0067] In some embodiments, Figure 8aAs shown, the upper surface of the body 12A is provided with a second groove 12C, and the bottom of the prefabricated block 2 is arranged in the second groove 12C and abuts against the second groove 12C. It should be noted that abutment means that the bottom of the prefabricated block 2 contacts and abuts against the wall of the second groove 12C to form a close contact. Specifically, the second groove 12C on the upper surface of the body 12A can be single or multiple. In order to facilitate the prefabricated block 2 above the body 12A to interlock with it, a single groove cannot interlock with it. Secondly, the volume of the body 12A is small and the space is limited. Preferably, in this embodiment, two second grooves 12C are provided on the upper surface of the body 12A, and are symmetrically spaced. In order to simplify the manufacturing process, the shape of the second groove 12C is the same as that of the first groove 11A, the width h3 of the second groove 12C is (0.2~0.4)H, the length h4 of the second groove 12C is (0.25~0.4)L, and the groove height is 0.05m. Preferably, h3=0.3H, h4=0.7m. like Figure 8a and 8b As shown, the bottom of each elongated prefabricated block 22 is respectively located in the second grooves of two adjacent elongated upper foundations 122, and the bottom surface of the prefabricated block 2 contacts the wall surface of the second groove 12C and abuts against each other, so as to be fully adapted to provide a certain support between each other, and its function is to strengthen the connection between the prefabricated block 2 and the upper foundation 12.

[0068] In some embodiments, Figure 8c As shown, the upper surface of the prefabricated block 2 is provided with a third groove 2A, and the bottom of the prefabricated block 2 has a protrusion 2B, which can be inserted into the second groove 12C and abut against the second groove 12C. It should be noted that abutment refers to the contact and abutment between the protrusion 2B and the wall surface of the second groove 12C to form a close contact. Specifically, it has been mentioned above that the length and width of the prefabricated block 2 are the same as those of the upper base 12. In order to save design costs and simplify the manufacturing process, the structure of the third groove 2A of the prefabricated block 2 can refer to the second groove 12C. Since the protrusion 2B at the bottom of the prefabricated block 2 is inserted into the second groove 12C, the structural shape of the protrusion 2B needs to adapt to the second groove 12C. The specific structure of the protrusion 2B can refer to the structure of the tenon 12B. The protrusion 2B with a certain height on the prefabricated block 2 is pressed into the second groove 12C of the upper foundation 12, and the surface of the protrusion 2B contacts the wall surface of the second groove 12C and abuts against each other, so as to be fully adapted to provide a certain support between each other and form an interlocking structure. This structural design increases the shear strength between the prefabricated block 2 and the upper foundation 12 to prevent sliding and overturning. Similarly, the connection between the prefabricated blocks 2 is also achieved through the interlocking between the adjacent upper and lower layers, ensuring the firmness of the overall connection of the wall body and preventing the wall body from overturning.

[0069] In some embodiments, Figure 1As shown, drainage holes P are arranged inside some prefabricated blocks 2, and PVC pipes are installed in the drainage holes P. The drainage holes P are arranged at a certain distance from top to bottom and from left to right. The drainage holes can drain the rainwater accumulated in the fill in time on rainy days.

[0070] In some embodiments, the upper foundation 12 and the top surface of the prefabricated block 2 are both provided with hoisting holes 4, and U-shaped reinforcements are embedded in the hoisting holes 4 to facilitate hoisting during construction.

[0071] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a construction method of a gravity retaining wall, which includes the following steps:

[0072] S1. Produce prefabricated blocks 2 and upper foundation 12.

[0073] Specifically, before construction, the prefabricated blocks 2 of the wall body are factory-produced, which are short prefabricated blocks 21 and long prefabricated blocks 22, in a certain number. The bottom and top surfaces of the prefabricated blocks 2 are prefabricated with protrusions 2B and third grooves 2A respectively according to design requirements, and the protrusions 2B and the third grooves 2A of the prefabricated blocks 2 can be riveted with high precision, wherein drainage holes P are reserved in some prefabricated blocks 2, and four lifting holes 4 are symmetrically opened on both sides of the top surface of each prefabricated block 2, and the prefabricated prefabricated blocks 2 are reserved for construction standby, and the upper foundation 12 is factory-produced, which are short upper foundation 121 and long upper foundation 122, in a certain number, and the bottom and top surfaces of the upper foundation 12 are prefabricated with tenons 12B and second grooves 12C respectively according to design requirements, and the tenons 12B and second grooves 12C of the upper foundation 12 can be riveted with high precision, and the prefabricated upper foundation 12 is reserved for construction standby.

[0074] S2. Open a foundation pit 3 on the ground R.

[0075] Specifically, the site is cleaned and leveled, and the foundation soil is excavated to the designed height to form foundation pit 3. At the same time, the two sides of foundation pit 3 are appropriately expanded outward by 0.3m. The bottom of foundation pit 3 is excavated into a roughly flat shape, and a temporary slope of 1:0.5~1 is given to foundation pit 3 based on the soil quality.

[0076] S3, hoisting the upper foundation 12 to a preset height in the foundation pit 3, and fixing the upper foundation 12.

[0077] Specifically, there may be multiple upper foundations 12. First, the first upper foundation 12 is hoisted to one end of the foundation pit 3, and brackets are set around the upper foundation 12 for temporary fixation. At the same time, concrete blocks with the same number as the retaining wall are placed under the upper foundation 12 and accurately adjusted to a preset height. In an exemplary embodiment, the preset height is 0.5 to 1 m. Then, in the same way, the remaining upper foundations 12 are hoisted in sequence along the extension direction of the foundation pit 3 to the other end of the foundation pit 3, and the two end surfaces of adjacent upper foundations 12 are connected to each other. Next, near the bottom of the first upper foundation 12, the position of the first expansion joint 11S is marked on the wall of the foundation pit 3. The expansion joint 11S refers to a gap with a certain distance reserved during the construction process to prevent the lower foundation 11 from cracking or damaging the structure of the lower foundation 11 due to climate temperature changes (thermal expansion or contraction). Then, every 10 to 30 m, along the extension direction of the foundation pit 3, the positions of the remaining expansion joints 11S are marked in sequence. The space between adjacent expansion joints 11S is a unit.

[0078] S4. Concrete is poured in the foundation pit 3 to form a lower foundation 11 . The lower foundation 11 is fixedly connected to the upper foundation 12 . The upper foundation 12 is at least partially located above the lower foundation 11 .

[0079] Specifically, concrete is poured in each foundation pit 3 in turn in each unit. The concrete has the same grade as the retaining wall. The concrete is poured to cover a part of the upper foundation 12. After a certain period of time, the poured concrete and the upper foundation 12 will unite and harden to form a whole, that is, the foundation 1 of the retaining wall.

[0080] S5. Backfill foundation pit 3 until it is flush with ground R.

[0081] Specifically, after all units are united and hardened, the foundation 1 is backfilled with low-grade concrete or crushed stone to make it flush with the road surface R.

[0082] S6, hanging the prefabricated block 2 and fixing it to the upper foundation 12.

[0083] Specifically, the prefabricated blocks 2 are sequentially hoisted on the upper foundation 12 on site, and are interlocked and connected by the protrusion 2B of the prefabricated block and the second groove 12C of the upper foundation 12. Then, the remaining prefabricated blocks 2 are sequentially hoisted in layers, and the prefabricated blocks 2 of adjacent layers are interlocked and connected by the protrusion 2B and the third groove 2A to form the body of the retaining wall.

[0084] In some embodiments, manufacturing the upper base 12 includes prefabricating the upper base 12, the upper base 12 including a body 12A and a tenon 12B protruding downward from the body 12A, wherein the width of the tenon 12B is smaller than the width of the body 12A. The purpose of this prefabrication method is to reduce the stress at the upper edge of the tenon 12B, avoid stress concentration leading to the fracture of the tenon 12B, and cause the interlocking connection to fail.

[0085] In some embodiments, the fixed connection between the lower foundation 11 and the upper foundation 12 includes: pouring concrete until the tenon 12B of the upper foundation 12 is covered. The tenon 12B is fully embedded in the lower foundation 11, which can improve the firmness of the connection between the lower foundation 11 and the upper foundation 12.

[0086] In some embodiments, step S6 includes:

[0087] S61, hanging the first layer of prefabricated blocks 2 on the top surface of the upper foundation 12 and fixedly connected to the upper foundation 12;

[0088] S62, the prefabricated blocks 2 of each layer are sequentially suspended from bottom to top until the top of the wall, and the prefabricated blocks 2 of each layer are fixedly connected with the prefabricated blocks 2 of the adjacent layer.

[0089] Specifically, the protrusion 2B of the first layer of prefabricated blocks 2 is pressed into the second groove 12C of the upper foundation 12. There are two protrusions 2B under each prefabricated block, which are respectively connected to the second grooves 12C of the two upper foundations 12. The first layer of prefabricated blocks 2 are arranged in this staggered bite manner. At the same time, epoxy resin adhesive is applied between the contact surface of the first layer of prefabricated blocks 2 and the upper foundation 12, and a 0.2m wide polyurethane waterproof coating is applied on the outer side at the T-shaped intersection of the prefabricated blocks 2 and the upper foundation 12. After that, the upper layer of prefabricated blocks 2 are hoisted in sequence, and the protrusion 2B of the prefabricated blocks 2 is pressed into the third groove 2A of the lower layer of prefabricated blocks 2 by their own weight. The prefabricated blocks 2 are stacked in layers from bottom to top until the top of the wall to form the body of the retaining wall. The upper and lower layers are stacked in a staggered manner to strengthen the connection between adjacent layers. Along the height direction of the wall, a prefabricated block 2 with a corresponding drainage hole P needs to be arranged at intervals of about 2 to 3 meters, and a PVC pipe is installed in the drainage hole P at the same time.

[0090] Optionally, the gravity retaining wall proposed by the present invention can also be applied to small water conservancy projects. Fig. 9 As shown, the difference is that the left side of the gravity retaining wall is water area, the right side is fill T, and the foundation 1 and part of the prefabricated blocks 2 are located below the water area. When used in water areas, one side of the wall body bears the pressure from the fill, and the other side bears the water pressure. Therefore, the prefabricated block 2 is more suitable for an integral type. On the one hand, it has better pressure bearing capacity, and on the other hand, its anti-seepage ability is better than the spliced ​​prefabricated block 2. Secondly, the lower foundation 11 and the upper foundation 12 are also integrated, because under water conditions, the working environment of the gravity retaining wall is more severe, so the requirements for components are also higher. The integrated structure is relatively strong and firm, which can ensure the safe use performance of the gravity retaining wall. The reserved drainage holes P in the prefabricated block 2 can be appropriately encrypted to ensure smooth drainage. Finally, the water area needs to be temporarily intercepted before construction excavation to facilitate the excavation of the foundation pit. After the construction is completed, the gate can be opened to drain water and the retaining wall can be used normally.

[0091] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gravity retaining wall, used for fixing to the ground, characterized in that: include: Prefabricated blocks; A foundation, the foundation comprising: a lower foundation arranged at the bottom of a foundation pit and an upper foundation at least partially arranged above the lower foundation and fixed to the lower foundation, the upper foundation being connected to the prefabricated block; wherein the foundation pit is opened on the ground; The upper base comprises a body and a tenon protruding downward from the body, wherein the width of the tenon is smaller than the width of the body, and the upper surface of the lower base is provided with a first groove, and the tenon abuts against the first groove; Lifting the upper foundation to a preset height in the foundation pit, and fixing the upper foundation; Pouring concrete in the foundation pit to form a lower foundation, wherein the lower foundation is fixedly connected to the upper foundation, and the upper foundation is at least partially located above the lower foundation; A tenon protruding outward is arranged on the left side or the right side of the upper base, and a groove recessed inward is arranged on the right side or the left side of the upper base.

2. The gravity retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the tenon protruding downward from the body is 0.03-0.08 m.

3. The gravity retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the tenon protruding downward from the body is trapezoidal, and the width of the upper edge of the tenon protruding downward from the body is greater than the width of the lower edge of the tenon protruding downward from the body.

4. The gravity retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second groove is formed on the upper surface of the body, and the bottom of the prefabricated block is disposed in the second groove and abuts against the second groove.

5. The gravity retaining wall according to claim 4, characterized in that: A third groove is formed on the upper surface of the prefabricated block, and a protrusion is formed on the bottom of the prefabricated block. The protrusion can be inserted into the second groove and abut against the second groove.

6. A method for constructing a gravity retaining wall, characterized in that: include: S1. Produce a prefabricated block and an upper foundation, wherein the upper foundation comprises a body and a tenon protruding downward from the body, wherein the width of the tenon protruding downward from the body is smaller than the width of the body, an outwardly protruding tenon is provided on the left or right side of the upper foundation, and an inwardly recessed groove is provided on the right or left side of the upper foundation; S2. Open a foundation pit on the ground; S3, hoisting the upper foundation to a preset height in the foundation pit, and fixing the upper foundation; S4, pouring concrete in the foundation pit to form a lower foundation, wherein the lower foundation is fixedly connected to the upper foundation, wherein the upper foundation is at least partially located above the lower foundation, and a first groove is provided on the upper surface of the lower foundation, wherein a tenon protruding downward from the body abuts against the first groove; S5. Backfill the foundation pit until it is flush with the ground; S6, hanging the prefabricated blocks and fixing them to the upper foundation.

7. The construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fixed connection between the lower foundation and the upper foundation includes: pouring the concrete until the tenon of the upper foundation protruding downward from the body is covered.

8. The construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step S6 comprises: S61, hanging the first layer of prefabricated blocks on the top surface of the upper foundation and fixedly connecting them to the upper foundation; S62, hanging the prefabricated blocks of each layer in order from bottom to top until the top of the wall, and the prefabricated blocks of each layer are fixedly connected with the prefabricated blocks of the adjacent layers.

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