A device and method for warning the deformation of a vault during tunnel lower step excavation

Abstract

A device and method for warning the deformation of a vault during tunnel excavation, the device comprising a measuring system (1), a speed control system (2), a signal processing system (3), an alarm device (4), a display device (7) and an infinite transmission module (8), wherein the measuring system (1) is connected to the signal processing system (3), the signal processing system (3) is respectively connected to the alarm device (4), the display device (7) and the infinite transmission module (8), and the signal processing system (3) is connected to the speed control system (2), and the speed control system (2) is connected to the measuring system (1); the method comprises: setting and adjusting the device; full-section scanning: determining the monitoring starting point; and subsequent real-time monitoring scanning. Intelligent monitoring and alarming are performed on the initial support within a certain range of the tunnel vault, and timely alarming can be used to warn in advance whether the vault collapses, thereby reducing the possibility of accidents caused by the collapse of the periphery of the vault.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a deformation alarm device, and more particularly to a vault deformation alarm device and method used in tunnel lower step excavation, belonging to the technical field of tunnel monitoring. Background Art

[0002] The upper and lower step construction method of tunnel is a common construction method in tunnel excavation. This method divides the tunnel section into an upper section (upper step) and a lower section (lower step). During construction, the upper section is excavated first, and at the same time, the upper section is initially supported to form an arch ring. Then, under the protection of the arch ring, the side walls and middle part of the lower part of the tunnel are excavated, and the side walls are supported at the same time.

[0003] For tunnels with poor surrounding rock, this up-and-down step construction method is more suitable; however, this method will cause the tunnel support to be carried out in two parts, that is, the initial support of the upper section first, and then the initial support of the lower section, and the two are not completed at the same time, which will cause the initial support of the upper section's vault to fail when the lower section is excavated due to the failure to become a complete whole and the influence of factors such as the disturbance of the construction work of the lower section, which will easily cause collapse, cause accidents, seriously threaten the safety of construction workers, and cause losses. According to a large number of on-site feedback, accidents caused by this reason have long been common; however, there are few corresponding monitoring and alarm devices for this situation. Therefore, it is urgent to establish an alarm device, which is of great significance to protecting the lives of construction workers and reducing property losses. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problem and to provide a vault deformation alarm device and method for use in tunnel lower step excavation.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: a method for warning the deformation of the arch when excavating the lower step of the tunnel, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Device setup and adjustment: Setting the accuracy of the angle sensor , horizontal monitoring points And monitoring distance , and set the rotation speed of the rotating shaft according to the actual conditions of the project, then fix the laser distance sensor and angle sensor on the rotating shaft, and mount the rotating shaft on the bracket. The hole left in the bracket is slightly larger than the rotating shaft. Adjust the height adjustment device to make the level bubble level, and adjust the laser distance sensor and angle sensor to zero. The accuracy of the angle sensor here Refers to the angle sensor per revolution Corner count once, horizontal monitoring points Refers to the number of monitoring points and monitoring distance in a single row along the axial direction of the tunnel Indicates the distance between two adjacent monitoring points in the horizontal scan;

[0007] Step 2: Full-section scanning: Determine the starting point of monitoring. The specific steps are as follows:

[0008] S21: Set the measuring range of the angle sensor to , the angle sensor rotates The angle is counted once, starting from 0, and each time it is counted, 1 is added to the original number. Second-rate, Indicates that the result is rounded to an integer;

[0009] S22: Assume that the angle sensor counts for the i-th time At this time, the data recorded by the laser ranging sensor is , the angle between the laser ranging sensor and the horizontal plane corresponds to , and meet Therefore, after the angle sensor rotates 90°, the signal processing system can obtain two initial full-section measurement distance row vectors And the corresponding full section angle column vector , each element in the vector The number of satisfies: , where Indicates that the result is an integer, and the signal processing system is based on the number of elements Initialize the full-section angle column vector and the full-section distance row vector. Each element in the vector is initialized to zero. Then perform a full-section scan. The scanning range is the position where the laser ranging sensor rotates from the horizontal plane to the vertical plane. As the scan progresses, the full-section distance row vector and the column vector of the full section angle The data in are replaced by the data in sequence:

[0010] ;

[0011] S23: After the full section scan is completed, , To measure the vertical distance from the point to the horizontal plane, calculate And take all The maximum value in, assuming that ,but Indicates the maximum value of the distance from the measuring point to the horizontal plane. Add z points before and after t as monitoring objects, and the final monitoring starting point can be obtained:

[0012] ;

[0013] Step 3: Subsequent real-time monitoring scan: Repeatedly measure the monitoring starting point determined by the full-section scan in step 2. The point in is the starting point of the scan along the axial direction of the tunnel, extending in the axial direction of the tunnel and following The purpose of scanning back and forth in sequence is to monitor the maximum displacement and rate of the measuring points within a certain range of the arch. The specific steps are as follows:

[0014] S31: Re-adjust the position of the angle sensor and the laser rangefinder: After the full-section scan is completed, the laser rangefinder and the angle sensor are both in the vertical direction. In order to adjust the laser rangefinder and the angle sensor to the monitoring range, the laser rangefinder and the angle sensor need to be rotated in the opposite direction and rotated to the t+zth point during the full-section scan. At the same time, the angle sensor count is reset to zero to facilitate subsequent counting;

[0015] S32: Renumber the monitoring starting point selected in S23:

[0016] ;

[0017] The angle sensor only monitors the starting point Only count, monitor the starting point Determined by full-section scanning, the laser distance sensor records a data each time the angle sensor counts, and the time chip in the signal processing system records the system time at this time, and the angle between the laser distance sensor and the horizontal plane is obtained through the angle sensor :

[0018] , where For subsequent real-time angle sensor counting,

[0019] Therefore, the angle sensor counts The range is ;

[0020] S33: Scan along the tunnel axis. When the angle sensor rotates to When the laser ranging sensor is set, the number of horizontal monitoring points And monitoring distance Scan back and forth along the tunnel axis once, then return to the monitoring point , and then rotate along the longitudinal direction to the next monitoring point , and Scan back and forth along the tunnel axis once for the starting monitoring point, and repeat this process; when the angle sensor counts to 2z, the speed control system stops rotating, then the angle sensor returns to zero, and the speed control system rotates in the opposite direction until the angle sensor counts to 2z. Repeat the above operation, and the starting monitoring point can be obtained as the scanning proceeds. The angle matrix , distance matrix And each starting monitoring point The corresponding horizontal scanning distance matrix and the time matrix , where Indicates Horizontal monitoring points , the angle matrix , distance matrix The columns are Column, horizontal scan distance matrix and the time matrix Both List:

[0021] ;

[0022] Here, the monitoring points of the horizontal scan should include the starting monitoring point , horizontal scanning distance matrix and the time matrix There are 2z+1 of them, each starting monitoring point Corresponding to a horizontal scanning distance matrix and the time matrix ;

[0023] S34: From the starting monitoring point The distance matrix and the angle matrix , and the corresponding transverse scanning distance matrix , we can get the vertical distance matrix of each measurement point in the horizontal scan ,in , where Indicates the starting point The vertical distance matrix of each measurement point corresponding to the horizontal scan The Uth row and Vth column of Similarly, or , , , m represents the point number of the horizontal row monitoring point, and D represents the distance between two adjacent horizontal row monitoring points. From this, the vertical displacement matrix during horizontal scanning can be obtained. ,in , and the rate matrix ,in :

[0024] ;

[0025] S36: Set Indicates Starting point of measurement in a round The corresponding maximum value of the lateral scanning displacement is Indicates The test round and the Starting point between measurement rounds The corresponding maximum value of the vertical displacement rate of the horizontal scan, the threshold of the alarm signal is set in the signal processing system as , as well as , , and make the following provisions based on the maximum displacement and maximum velocity:

[0026] , the alarm displays a green light,

[0027] , the alarm displays a yellow light and the buzzer prompts the alarm,

[0028] , the alarm displays a red light and the buzzer sends out an alarm signal.

[0029] , the alarm displays a green light,

[0030] , the alarm displays a yellow light and the buzzer prompts the alarm,

[0031] , the alarm displays a red light and the buzzer sends out an alarm signal;

[0032] S37: Alarm displays the current maximum displacement and rate: The signal processing system sets the maximum displacement gate threshold and the maximum speed gate threshold To reduce the noise, or When the data at this time is discarded, the data of the measuring point will be regressed to the data measured in the previous measurement; if the above situation does not occur, the maximum displacement and the maximum speed will be displayed through the display device, and the number of the measuring point where the maximum displacement and the maximum speed occur will be displayed; at the same time, the signal processing system will also transmit the maximum displacement, the maximum speed and the alarm signal to the wireless transmission module, and send them to the user end through the wireless transmission module, and make corresponding images to realize remote monitoring and remote alarm;

[0033] The device includes a measuring system, a speed control system, a signal processing system, an alarm device, a display device and an infinite transmission module, wherein the measuring system is connected to the signal processing system, the signal processing system is respectively connected to the alarm device, the display device and the infinite transmission module, and the signal processing system is connected to the speed control system, and the speed control system is connected to the measuring system;

[0034] The measuring system comprises a laser distance sensor, an angle sensor and a rotating shaft. The laser distance sensor and the angle sensor are connected via the rotating shaft. The laser distance sensor and the angle sensor rotate simultaneously. Each time the angle sensor counts a number, the laser distance sensor measures and records a number.

[0035] The speed control system includes a vertical stepping motor and a micro control unit, wherein the micro control unit is connected to the vertical stepping motor, and the vertical stepping motor is connected to the rotating shaft in the measuring system, and the micro control unit controls the direction and speed of the rotating shaft through the vertical stepping motor, thereby controlling the vertical rotation of the laser ranging sensor;

[0036] The signal processing system receives the data transmitted by the laser distance sensor and the angle sensor, stores and analyzes them, and then outputs the results to the micro control unit, the alarm device, the display device and the wireless transmission module.

[0037] The alarm device is an audible and visual alarm module, including three indicator lights of red, yellow and green and a buzzer.

[0038] It also includes a vibration eliminating device and a horizontal device. The horizontal device includes a level bubble and a height adjusting device. The height adjusting device is arranged on the vibration eliminating device. The vibration eliminating device is arranged on the bottom plate of a large magnetic steel plate. The side plate of the large magnetic steel plate is attached to the steel arch frame after the upper step is excavated.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0040] 1. The present invention is based on the coordinated work of various systems to perform intelligent monitoring and alarm on the initial support within a certain range of the tunnel vault. At the same time, the wireless transmission module is connected to transmit the monitoring data to the user in a timely manner when the tunnel communication conditions are limited.

[0041] 2. The present invention utilizes a vibration elimination device to ensure the accuracy of data measurement to a large extent, reduce errors, and reduce vibrations caused by factors such as construction work, so as to reduce the impact of construction work on the device itself.

[0042] 3. The present invention adopts two scanning modes: early full-section scanning and subsequent real-time scanning. The two scanning processes monitor the displacement and rate within the deformation range of the tunnel vault in real time, and intelligently identify and select the range to be monitored. The monitoring object is not limited to the displacement measurement of one point on the step vault of the tunnel, but the monitoring within a certain range of the vault, so as to give a timely alarm to warn in advance whether the vault collapses, reducing the possibility of accidents caused by the collapse of the periphery of the vault; and there is no need to manually adjust the position of the laser ranging sensor, which improves the convenience of using the device.

[0043] 4. The present invention stores and processes the data in the form of a matrix (data group) for the subsequent implementation of the scanning results, uses a distance matrix, an angle matrix, and a time matrix, and calculates the rate matrix and displacement matrix corresponding to each measuring point based on the geometric relationship between the measuring point and the device, which can more accurately organize and analyze the results, and update the results in real time, thereby increasing the reliability of the results.

[0044] 5. The present invention adopts a reciprocating scanning method to monitor a certain range of the vault, which simplifies the structure of the entire monitoring system and reduces the cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 It is a structural block diagram of the alarm device in the present invention.

[0046] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the composition of the alarm device in the structure of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the alarm device in the present invention.

[0048] Figure 4 It is a full-section scanning range diagram in the present invention.

[0049] Figure 5 It is a subsequent real-time scanning range diagram in the present invention.

[0050] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the subsequent real-time scanning method in the present invention.

[0051] Figure 7 This is an "S" shaped data recording format diagram of the present invention.

[0052] In the figure: measuring system 1, laser distance sensor 11, angle sensor 12, rotating shaft 13, speed control system 2, vertical stepping motor 21, micro control unit 22, signal processing system 3, alarm device 4, vibration elimination device 5, horizontal vibration absorber 51, vertical vibration absorber 52, horizontal device 6, level bubble 61, height adjustment device 62, display device 7, infinite transmission module 8, panel 9, large magnetic steel plate 10, steel arch frame 101, scanning range 102, starting monitoring point 103. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0054] See also Figure 1 , a vault deformation alarm device for tunnel lower step excavation, comprising a measuring system 1, a speed control system 2, a signal processing system 3, an alarm device 4, a display device 7 and an infinite transmission module 8; the measuring system 1 is connected to the signal processing system 3 by a low-voltage electrical signal, the signal processing system 3 is respectively connected to the alarm device 4, the display device 7 and the infinite transmission module 8 by a low-voltage power line, and the signal processing system 3 is connected to the speed control system 2 by a low-voltage electrical signal, and the speed control system 2 is connected to the measuring system 1. The measuring system 1 analyzes the observed measurement data through the signal processing system 3 and feeds back the final result to the alarm device 4 and displays it through the display device 7, and transmits the measurement information to the user terminal such as the user's mobile phone or computer through the infinite transmission module 8 to realize remote monitoring and alarm; at the same time, the signal processing system 3 also transmits part of the processed signal to the speed control system 2 to control the rotation speed and rotation direction of the measuring system 1. The power supply system of this device is provided by a large-capacity battery to ensure the normal operation of the device.

[0055] See also Figure 2The measuring system 1 includes a laser distance sensor 11, an angle sensor 12 and a rotating shaft 13. The laser distance sensor 11 and the angle sensor 12 are connected through the rotating shaft 13. The laser distance sensor 11 and the angle sensor 12 rotate simultaneously. Each time the angle sensor 12 counts a number, the laser distance sensor 11 measures and records a number. The speed control system 2 includes a vertical stepping motor 21 and a micro control unit 22. The micro control unit 22 is connected to the vertical stepping motor 21. The vertical stepping motor 21 is connected to the rotating shaft 13 in the measuring system 1. The micro control unit 22 controls the direction and speed of the rotating shaft 13 through the vertical stepping motor 21, thereby controlling the vertical rotation of the laser distance sensor 11. The signal processing system 3 receives the data transmitted by the laser distance sensor 11 and the angle sensor 12, stores and analyzes them, and then outputs the results to the micro control unit 22, as well as the alarm device 4, the display device 7 and the infinite transmission module 8.

[0056] See also Figure 2 The signal processing system 3 is a microcomputer with a built-in clock chip; the signal processing system 3 receives the data transmitted by the laser range sensor 11 and the angle sensor 12, stores and analyzes them, and then transmits the processed information to the alarm device 4, the display device 7 and the infinite transmission module 8. At the same time, the signal processing system 3 feeds back part of the signal processing results to the micro control unit 22 to adjust the rotation direction of the rotating shaft 13 in real time. The alarm device 4 is an audible and visual alarm module, including three red, yellow and green indicator lights and a buzzer, which is used to provide flashing alarm lights and buzzer warnings to prompt construction workers to evacuate the site in time; specifically: the red light indicates that the tunnel vault is very likely to collapse. At this time, the buzzer alarms and the construction should be stopped immediately and evacuated in time. The yellow light indicates that the probability of the tunnel vault collapse is high and attention should be paid during construction. The green light indicates that the probability of the tunnel vault collapse is very low and normal construction can be carried out.

[0057] See also Figure 3 The alarm device also includes a vibration elimination device 5 and a horizontal device 6. The horizontal device 6 includes a level bubble 61 and a height adjustment device 62. The level bubble 61 is arranged on a bracket on the height adjustment device 62. The height adjustment device 62 is used to adjust the bubble of the level bubble 61 to the center to ensure that the entire alarm device is in a horizontal state. The vibration elimination device 5 includes a horizontal vibration damper 51 and a vertical vibration damper 52. The horizontal vibration damper 51 and the vertical vibration damper 52 are perpendicular to each other to reduce the vibration in the horizontal and vertical directions caused by the construction work.

[0058] See also Figure 3During installation, the laser distance sensor 11 and the angle sensor 12 are fixed on the rotating shaft 13. The rotating shaft 13 is mounted on a bracket. The hole left in the bracket is slightly larger than the rotating shaft 13 to ensure that the rotating shaft 13 can rotate freely. The height adjustment device 62 is arranged on the vibration elimination device 5. The height adjustment device 62 is distributed in a triangle and is used to adjust the level bubble 61 to the center. The vibration elimination device 5 is arranged on the bottom plate of the large magnetic steel plate 10 to support the entire device. The side plate of the large magnetic steel plate 10 is attached to the steel arch frame 101 after the upper step is excavated. The display device 7 is mainly used to display the current maximum displacement and maximum speed. The panel 9 in the signal processing system 3 is used for manual input of partial control data or thresholds.

[0059] See also Figure 3 , a method for warning the deformation of the arch when excavating the lower step of the tunnel, comprising the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Setting and adjusting the device: Setting the accuracy of the angle sensor 12 , horizontal monitoring points And monitoring distance , and set the rotation rate of the rotating shaft 13 according to the actual conditions of the project, then fix the laser distance sensor 11 and the angle sensor 12 on the rotating shaft 13, and the rotating shaft 13 is mounted on the bracket. The hole left by the bracket is slightly larger than the rotating shaft 13. Adjust the height adjustment device 62 to make the level bubble 61 level, and adjust the laser distance sensor 11 and the angle sensor 12 to zero. Here, the accuracy of the angle sensor 12 Refers to the angle sensor 12 per revolution Corner count once, horizontal monitoring points Refers to the number of monitoring points and monitoring distance in a single row along the axial direction of the tunnel Indicates the distance between two adjacent monitoring points in the horizontal scan;

[0061] Step 2: Full-section scanning: Determine the starting point of monitoring. The specific steps are as follows:

[0062] S21: Set the measuring range of the angle sensor 12 to , the angle sensor rotates The angle is counted once, starting from 0, and each time it is counted, 1 is added to the original number. Second-rate, Indicates that the result is rounded to an integer;

[0063] S22: See Figure 4 , assuming that the angle sensor 12 counts the i-th time At this time, the data recorded by the laser ranging sensor 11 is , the angle between the laser ranging sensor 11 and the horizontal plane corresponds to , and meet Therefore, after the angle sensor 12 rotates 90°, the signal processing system 3 can obtain two initial full-section measurement distance row vectors And the corresponding full section angle column vector , each element in the vector The number of satisfies: , where Indicates that the result is integer, and the signal processing system 3 is based on the number of elements Initialize the full-section angle column vector and the full-section distance row vector, and each element in the vector is initialized to zero; then perform a full-section scan, and the scanning range is the position scanned by the laser ranging sensor 11 from the horizontal plane to the vertical plane. As the scan progresses, the full-section measurement distance row vector and the column vector of the full section angle The data in are replaced by the data in sequence:

[0064] ;

[0065] S23: See Figure 5 , after the full section scan is completed, , To measure the vertical distance from the point to the horizontal plane, calculate And take all The maximum value in, assuming that ,but Indicates the maximum value of the distance from the measuring point to the horizontal plane. Add z points before and after t as monitoring objects, and the final monitoring starting point can be obtained:

[0066] ;

[0067] Step 3: Subsequent real-time monitoring scan: see Figure 6 , repeatedly measure the monitoring starting point determined by the full-section scan in step 2, and scan within the monitoring range The point in is the starting point of the scan along the axial direction of the tunnel, extending in the axial direction of the tunnel and following The purpose of scanning back and forth in sequence is to monitor the maximum displacement and rate of the measuring points within a certain range of the arch. The specific steps are as follows:

[0068] S31: Re-adjust the positions of the angle sensor 12 and the laser rangefinder 11: After the full-section scan is completed, the laser rangefinder 11 and the angle sensor 12 are both in the vertical direction. In order to adjust the laser rangefinder 11 and the angle sensor 12 to the monitoring range, the laser rangefinder 11 and the angle sensor 12 need to be rotated in the opposite direction and rotated to the t+zth point during the full-section scan. At the same time, the angle sensor 12 counts back to zero to facilitate subsequent counting;

[0069] S32: Renumber the monitoring starting point selected in S23:

[0070] ;

[0071] Angle sensor 12 only monitors the starting point Only count, monitor the starting point Determined by full-section scanning, the laser distance sensor 11 records a data each time the angle sensor 12 counts, and the time chip in the signal processing system 3 records the system time at this time, and the angle between the laser distance sensor 11 and the horizontal plane is obtained through the angle sensor 12 :

[0072] , where Counts for the subsequent real-time angle sensor 12,

[0073] Therefore, the angle sensor 12 counts The range is ;

[0074] S33: Scan along the tunnel axis. When the angle sensor 12 rotates to When the laser ranging sensor 11 is set according to the number of horizontal monitoring points And monitoring distance Scan back and forth along the tunnel axis once, then return to the monitoring point , and then rotate along the longitudinal direction to the next monitoring point , and The starting monitoring point 103 is scanned back and forth along the tunnel axis once, and this is repeated; when the angle sensor 12 counts to 2z, the speed control system 2 stops rotating, and then the angle sensor 12 returns to zero, and the speed control system 2 rotates in the opposite direction until the angle sensor counts to 2z, and the above operation is repeated, thereby obtaining the starting monitoring point 103 as the scanning proceeds. The angle matrix , distance matrix And each starting monitoring point 103 The corresponding horizontal scanning distance matrix and the time matrix , where Indicates Horizontal monitoring points , the angle matrix , distance matrix The columns are Column, horizontal scan distance matrix and the time matrix Both Column, here That is, the horizontal monitoring single row set in step 1 has Monitoring points:

[0075] ;

[0076] Here, the monitoring points of the horizontal scan should include the starting monitoring point 103 , horizontal scanning distance matrix and the time matrix There are 2z+1 of them, each with 103 starting monitoring points Corresponding to a horizontal scanning distance matrix and the time matrix ;

[0077] It is worth noting that when scanning horizontally back and forth, the starting monitoring point 103 will be scanned twice, at this time as well as Record the results twice. and Only the first result is recorded;

[0078] S34: From the starting monitoring point 103 The distance matrix and the angle matrix , and the corresponding transverse scanning distance matrix , we can get the vertical distance matrix of each measurement point in the horizontal scan ,in , where Indicates the starting point The vertical distance matrix of each measurement point corresponding to the horizontal scan The Uth row and Vth column of Similarly, or , , , m represents the point number of the horizontal row monitoring point, and D represents the distance between two adjacent horizontal row monitoring points. From this, the vertical displacement matrix during horizontal scanning can be obtained. ,in , and the rate matrix ,in :

[0079] ;

[0080] S36: Set Indicates The starting monitoring point in the measurement round is 103 The corresponding maximum value of the lateral scanning displacement is Indicates The test round and the The starting monitoring point between the measurement rounds is 103 The corresponding maximum value of the rate of vertical displacement of the horizontal scan, the threshold of the alarm signal is set in the signal processing system 3 as , as well as , , and make the following provisions based on the maximum displacement and maximum velocity:

[0081] , the alarm displays a green light,

[0082] , the alarm displays a yellow light and the buzzer prompts the alarm,

[0083] , the alarm displays a red light and the buzzer sends out an alarm signal.

[0084] , the alarm displays a green light,

[0085] , the alarm displays a yellow light and the buzzer prompts the alarm,

[0086] , the alarm displays a red light and the buzzer sends out an alarm signal;

[0087] S37: Alarm displays the current maximum displacement and rate: Signal processing system 3 sets the maximum displacement gate threshold and the maximum speed gate threshold To reduce the noise, or When the data at this time is discarded, the data of the measuring point will be regressed to the data measured in the previous measurement; if the above situation does not occur, the maximum displacement and the maximum rate will be displayed through the display device 7, and the measuring point number where the maximum displacement and the maximum rate occur will be displayed; at the same time, the signal processing system 3 will also transmit the maximum displacement, the maximum rate and the alarm signal to the wireless transmission module 8, which will be sent to the user end through the wireless transmission module 8, and a corresponding image will be made to realize remote monitoring and remote alarm.

[0088] See also Figure 7 It is worth noting that all data in the present invention are recorded in the form of "S".

[0089] The above contents are further detailed descriptions of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and the above structures should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for warning the deformation of the arch when excavating the lower step of a tunnel, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step 1: Device setup and adjustment: Setting the accuracy of the angle sensor (12) , horizontal monitoring points And monitoring distance , and set the rotation rate of the rotating shaft (13) according to the actual conditions of the project, then fix the laser distance sensor (11) and the angle sensor (12) on the rotating shaft (13), the rotating shaft (13) is mounted on a bracket, the hole left by the bracket is slightly larger than the rotating shaft (13), adjust the height adjustment device (62) to make the level bubble (61) level, and adjust the laser distance sensor (11) and the angle sensor (12) to zero, the accuracy of the angle sensor (12) here Refers to the angle sensor (12) per revolution Corner count once, horizontal monitoring points Refers to the number of monitoring points and monitoring distance in a single row along the axial direction of the tunnel Indicates the distance between two adjacent monitoring points in the horizontal scan; Step 2: Full-section scanning: Determine the starting point of monitoring. The specific steps are as follows: S21: Set the measuring range of the angle sensor (12) to , the angle sensor rotates The angle is counted once, starting from 0, and each time it is counted, 1 is added to the original number. Second-rate, Indicates that the result is rounded to an integer; S22: Assume that the i-th count of the angle sensor (12) is , the data recorded by the laser ranging sensor (11) is , the angle between the laser ranging sensor (11) and the horizontal plane corresponds to , and meet Therefore, after the angle sensor (12) rotates 90°, the signal processing system (3) can obtain two initial full-section measurement distance row vectors: And the corresponding full section angle column vector , each element in the vector The number of satisfies: , where Indicates that the result is an integer, and the signal processing system (3) is based on the number of elements Initialize the full-section angle column vector and the full-section distance row vector, and each element in the vector is initialized to zero; then perform a full-section scan, the scanning range of which is the position scanned by the laser ranging sensor (11) when it rotates from the horizontal plane to the vertical plane. As the scan proceeds, the full-section distance row vector and the column vector of the full section angle The data in are replaced by the data in sequence: ； S23: After the full section scan is completed, , To measure the vertical distance from the point to the horizontal plane, calculate And take all The maximum value in , assuming that ,but Indicates the maximum value of the distance from the measuring point to the horizontal plane. Add z points before and after t as monitoring objects, and the final monitoring starting point can be obtained: ； Step 3: Subsequent real-time monitoring scan: Repeatedly measure the monitoring starting point determined by the full-section scan in step 2. The point in is the starting point of the scan along the axial direction of the tunnel, extending in the axial direction of the tunnel and following The purpose of scanning back and forth in sequence is to monitor the maximum displacement and rate of the measuring points within a certain range of the arch. The specific steps are as follows: S31: Re-adjusting the positions of the angle sensor (12) and the laser rangefinder (11): After the full-section scan is completed, the laser rangefinder (11) and the angle sensor (12) are both in a vertical direction. In order to adjust the laser rangefinder (11) and the angle sensor (12) to the monitoring range, the laser rangefinder (11) and the angle sensor (12) need to be rotated in the opposite direction and rotated to the t+zth point during the full-section scan. At the same time, the angle sensor (12) counts back to zero to facilitate subsequent counting; S32: Renumber the monitoring starting point selected in S23: ； The angle sensor (12) only monitors the starting point Only count, monitor the starting point The angle sensor (12) is determined by scanning the entire surface. Each time the angle sensor (12) counts, the laser distance sensor (11) records a data. At the same time, the time chip in the signal processing system (3) records the system time at that time. The angle between the laser distance sensor (11) and the horizontal plane is obtained through the angle sensor (12). : , where Counts the subsequent real-time angle sensor (12), Therefore, the angle sensor (12) counts The range is ; S33: Scanning is performed along the axial direction of the tunnel. When the angle sensor (12) rotates to When the laser distance sensor (11) is set, the number of horizontal monitoring points And monitoring distance Scan back and forth along the tunnel axis once, then return to the monitoring point , and then rotate along the longitudinal direction to the next monitoring point , and The starting monitoring point (103) is scanned back and forth along the tunnel axis once, and this is repeated; when the angle sensor (12) counts to 2z, the speed control system (2) stops rotating, and then the angle sensor (12) returns to zero, and the speed control system (2) rotates in the opposite direction until the angle sensor counts to 2z, and the above operation is repeated, thereby obtaining the starting monitoring point (103) as the scanning proceeds. The angle matrix , distance matrix And each starting monitoring point (103) The corresponding horizontal scanning distance matrix and the time matrix , where Indicates Horizontal monitoring points , the angle matrix , distance matrix The columns are Column, horizontal scan distance matrix and the time matrix Both List: ； Here, the monitoring points of the lateral scan should include the starting monitoring point (103) , horizontal scanning distance matrix and the time matrix There are 2z+1 of them, each starting monitoring point (103) Corresponding to a horizontal scanning distance matrix and the time matrix ; S34: From the starting monitoring point (103) The distance matrix and the angle matrix , and the corresponding transverse scanning distance matrix , we can get the vertical distance matrix of each measurement point in the horizontal scan ,in , where Indicates the starting monitoring point (103) The vertical distance matrix of each measurement point corresponding to the horizontal scan The Uth row and Vth column of Similarly, or , , , m represents the point number of the horizontal row monitoring point, and D represents the distance between two adjacent horizontal row monitoring points. From this, the vertical displacement matrix during horizontal scanning can be obtained. ,in , and the rate matrix ,in : ； S36: Set Indicates Starting monitoring point in the measurement round (103) The corresponding maximum value of the lateral scanning displacement is Indicates The test round and the Starting monitoring point between rounds (103) The corresponding maximum value of the vertical displacement rate of the horizontal scan is set in the signal processing system (3) as follows: , as well as , , and make the following provisions based on the maximum displacement and maximum velocity: , the alarm displays a green light, , the alarm displays a yellow light and the buzzer prompts the alarm, , the alarm displays a red light and the buzzer sends out an alarm signal. , the alarm displays a green light, , the alarm displays a yellow light and the buzzer prompts the alarm, , the alarm displays a red light and the buzzer sends out an alarm signal; S37: Alarm displays the current maximum displacement and rate: Signal processing system (3) sets the maximum displacement gate threshold and the maximum speed gate threshold To reduce the noise, or When the maximum displacement and the maximum velocity occur, the data at this time are discarded and the data of the measuring point are returned to the data measured in the previous measurement. If the above situation does not occur, the maximum displacement and the maximum velocity are displayed through the display device (7) and the number of the measuring point where the maximum displacement and the maximum velocity occur is displayed. At the same time, the signal processing system (3) also transmits the maximum displacement, the maximum velocity and the alarm signal to the wireless transmission module (8), and sends them to the user end through the wireless transmission module (8), and makes a corresponding image to realize remote monitoring and remote alarm. The device comprises a measuring system (1), a speed control system (2), a signal processing system (3), an alarm device (4), a display device (7) and an infinite transmission module (8), wherein the measuring system (1) is connected to the signal processing system (3), the signal processing system (3) is respectively connected to the alarm device (4), the display device (7) and the infinite transmission module (8), and the signal processing system (3) is connected to the speed control system (2), and the speed control system (2) is connected to the measuring system (1); The measuring system (1) comprises a laser distance sensor (11), an angle sensor (12) and a rotating shaft (13); the laser distance sensor (11) and the angle sensor (12) are connected via the rotating shaft (13); the laser distance sensor (11) and the angle sensor (12) rotate simultaneously; each time the angle sensor (12) counts a number, the laser distance sensor (11) measures and records a number; The speed control system (2) comprises a vertical stepping motor (21) and a micro control unit (22), wherein the micro control unit (22) is connected to the vertical stepping motor (21), and the vertical stepping motor (21) is connected to a rotating shaft (13) in the measuring system (1), and the micro control unit (22) controls the direction and speed of the rotating shaft (13) through the vertical stepping motor (21), thereby controlling the vertical rotation of the laser ranging sensor (11); The signal processing system (3) receives data transmitted by the laser distance sensor (11) and the angle sensor (12), stores and analyzes the data, and then outputs the results to the micro control unit (22), the alarm device (4), the display device (7) and the wireless transmission module (8).

2. The method for warning the deformation of the arch when excavating the lower step of a tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The alarm device (4) is an audible and visual alarm module, comprising three indicator lights, red, yellow and green, and a buzzer.

3. The method for warning the deformation of the arch when excavating the lower step of a tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a vibration elimination device (5) and a leveling device (6), wherein the leveling device (6) includes a level bubble (61) and a height adjustment device (62), wherein the height adjustment device (62) is arranged on the vibration elimination device (5), and the vibration elimination device (5) is arranged on the bottom plate of a large magnetic steel plate (10), and the side plate of the large magnetic steel plate (10) is attached to the steel arch frame (101) after the upper step is excavated.

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