Multi-mode directional drilling tool

Abstract

A multi-mode directional drilling tool, comprising: a drilling tool mechanism, a positioning cabin, and a reversing driver arranged in sequence, wherein: the reversing driver is connected to a hydraulic oil pipe to provide power for the drilling tool mechanism, the rotating end of the reversing driver is connected to the positioning cabin, and a positioning sensor and a transmission cable connected thereto are arranged in the positioning cabin to give position information to a navigation and positioning system for positioning and direction control. In the present invention, an internal positioning sensor is used to measure the posture and attitude of the drill bit in real time, an external reversing driver is controlled to perform directional drilling, and different drill bits and drilling tools are replaced according to different geological conditions for drilling, greatly improving the drilling efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a technology in the field of deepwater salvage, in particular to a multi-mode guide drilling tool for deepwater mud attack. Background Art

[0002] In shipwreck salvage, the traditional drilling operation involves divers holding graded drilling pipes in a pre-excavated working well next to the shipwreck, using high-pressure water to complete the underwater drilling. This operation is inefficient, labor-intensive, and highly dangerous. Furthermore, due to natural conditions, it is almost impossible to carry out the work in the complex geological conditions of the shipwreck area. The emergence of automated underwater drilling equipment (i.e., underwater drilling tools) has greatly improved shipwreck salvage efficiency and effectively reduced operational risks. Underwater drilling tools generally use onshore trenchless drilling tools and are suitable for marine areas with predominantly sedimentary geology. However, due to the wide variety of seabed geology, the requirements for drilling tools to penetrate the soil and guide the drilling process vary greatly. Therefore, the same type of drilling tool cannot be used consistently during drilling operations. A variety of drilling tools are needed to accommodate different soil types and drilling paths. This significantly reduces efficiency and adds additional costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In response to the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a multi-mode directional drilling tool. An internal positioning sensor is used to measure the drill bit posture and attitude in real time, and an external reversing drive is used to perform directional drilling. Different drill bits and drilling tools are replaced according to different geological conditions to greatly improve drilling efficiency.

[0004] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention includes: a drilling tool mechanism, a positioning cabin and a reversing driver which are arranged in sequence, wherein: the reversing driver is connected to a hydraulic oil pipe to provide power to the drilling tool mechanism, the rotating end of the reversing driver is connected to the positioning cabin, and a positioning sensor and a transmission cable connected thereto are provided in the positioning cabin to provide position information to a navigation and positioning system for positioning and direction control.

[0006] The drilling tool mechanism, the positioning cabin and the reversing driver are connected via a connector.

[0007] The reversing drive is a high-torque rotation drive device that can rotate and position within the range of 0-360° and can withstand the axial force exerted on the drill bit during drilling or pulling back; the drive device is driven by a hydraulic cylinder or a motor and is equipped with a sensor for measuring the rotation speed.

[0008] The positioning sensor adopts a miniature high-precision inertial measurement unit to measure the spatial motion parameters of the drill body in real time, such as attitude angle, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and three-axial motion speed and acceleration.

[0009] The drilling tool mechanism is realized by a drill bit body, and the drill bit body is provided with multi-directional nozzles, which include a soil-breaking nozzle for drilling and jetting to break the soil and a cleaning nozzle for cleaning the drill bit.

[0010] The drill bit body adopts a guide plate drill bit, an eagle claw drill bit or a roller drill bit. When a guide plate drill bit is adopted, it is directly connected to the connector. When an eagle claw drill bit is adopted, it is directly connected to the commutator or the mud motor. When a roller drill bit is adopted, it is connected to the mud motor.

[0011] A mud motor is further provided between the drill bit body and the positioning cabin, wherein: the mud motor has a fixed guide angle, and the direction is controlled by the commutator driving the motor to rotate as a whole, and the guide strength is increased or decreased by adjusting the area of the external guide plane of the motor. The mud motor includes: a power part, a transmission part and a bearing part, wherein: the power part uses high-pressure seawater or mud as a power source, and uses the pressure difference to form a driving force to drive the motor rotor to rotate, thereby driving the drill bit to rotate quickly and continuously to break the soil.

[0012] The power part includes a stator and a rotor, the transmission part includes a bent joint for steering, and the bearing part bears the load of the entire motor.

[0013] The drill bit body is preferably further provided with a hole expander to enlarge the diameter of the drill hole when the steel cable is towed back.

[0014] The reamer is a conical structure with a spiral concave water groove on the surface. The reamer is provided with cutting edges distributed in points or lines. The reamer is connected to a commutator or a mud motor and rotates to expand the hole under the action of the drill pipe pull-back force.

[0015] The drill bit body is provided with a connecting hole ring, which is used to connect the threading wire rope to the drill bit body with a shackle when operated by a diver or a submersible underwater, so that threading and pulling back can be carried out directly without expanding the hole; the reamer is provided with a connecting hole ring, which can be operated by a diver or a submersible underwater to connect the thick wire rope to the reamer with a shackle, so that the heavy wire rope can be pulled back when expanding the hole.

[0016] Technical Effects

[0017] Compared to existing technologies, this invention utilizes different drill tool combinations to address different geological conditions. For subsea geological conditions such as sedimentary, hard-cohesive, and soft rock, a guide plate drill bit, an eagle claw drill bit, and a roller cone drill bit (with a mud motor) can be used for groundbreaking operations. Internal positioning sensors measure the drill bit's attitude and position in real time, while an externally controlled reversing drive performs directional drilling. This enables multi-mode subsea directional drilling and wireline (or jack) threading operations. Different components can be interchanged to achieve different operating modes, resulting in a simple structure, cost savings, and significantly improved drilling efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the reversing driver of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the reamer of the present invention;

[0021] In the figure: drill bit body 1, positioning cabin 2, reversing drive 3, positioning sensor 4, transmission cable 5, hydraulic oil pipe 6, mud motor 7, reamer 8, connector 9, connecting hole 10. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown in the figure, a multi-mode steerable drilling tool involved in this embodiment includes: a drilling tool mechanism, a positioning cabin 2 and a reversing driver 3 arranged in sequence, wherein: the reversing driver 3 is connected to a hydraulic oil pipe 6 to provide power to the drilling tool mechanism, the rotating end of the reversing driver 3 is connected to the positioning cabin 2, and the positioning cabin 2 is provided with a positioning sensor 4 and a transmission cable 5 connected thereto, which transmits position information to the navigation and positioning system for positioning and control.

[0023] The drilling tool mechanism, positioning cabin 2 and reversing driver 3 are connected via a connector 9.

[0024] The reversing drive 3 is a high-torque rotation drive device that can rotate and position within the range of 0-360° and can withstand the axial force exerted on the drill bit during drilling or pulling back; the drive device is driven by a hydraulic cylinder or a motor and is equipped with a sensor 4 for measuring the rotation speed.

[0025] The positioning sensor 4 uses a miniature high-precision inertial measurement unit to measure the spatial motion parameters of the drill body 1 in real time, such as attitude angle, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and three-axial motion velocity and acceleration.

[0026] The described drill tool mechanism is realized by the drill bit body 1. The drill bit body 1 adopts a guide plate drill bit, a claw drill bit or a roller cone drill bit. When a guide plate drill bit is adopted, it is directly connected to the connector 9. When a claw drill bit is adopted, it is directly connected to the commutator or can be connected to the mud motor 7. When a roller cone drill bit is adopted, it is connected to the mud motor 7.

[0027] As Figure 2 shown, a mud motor 7 is further provided between the drill bit body 1 and the positioning cabin 2. Among them: The mud motor 7 has a fixed guiding bend angle, and the whole motor 7 is driven by the commutator to rotate for direction control, and the guiding strength is increased or decreased by adjusting the area of the external guiding plane of the motor 7. The mud motor 7 includes: a power part, a transmission part and a bearing part. Among them: The power part uses high-pressure seawater or mud as the power source, and uses the pressure difference to form a driving force to drive the rotor of the motor 7 to rotate, so as to drive the drill bit to break the soil quickly and continuously.

[0028] The power part includes a stator and a rotor, the transmission part includes a bent sub for steering, and the bearing part bears the load of the whole motor 7.

[0029] As Figure 3 shown, a reamer 8 is preferably further provided on the drill bit body 1 to enable the function of enlarging the borehole diameter when pulling back the steel cable;

[0030] The drill bit is provided with nozzles for multi-directional soil breaking and cleaning. The number and direction of the nozzles are designed according to the soil breaking principle, and the nozzle diameter and flow rate need to meet the actual supply requirements of the high-pressure mud (or seawater) of the drill rig.

[0031] The drill bit has a connection hole 10, which is generally arranged at the frontmost part of the drill bit, with a diameter of about 30 - 40 mm, can be connected to a standard shackle, and can withstand a tensile force of more than 10 tons.

[0032] The reamer 8 is a conical structure with spiral concave water grooves on the surface. The reamer 8 is provided with cutting edges distributed in dots or lines. The maximum diameter of the reamer 8 does not exceed 400 mm, and it can be connected to the commutator or the mud motor 7, and rotates to ream the hole under the action of the pulling force of the drill pipe.

[0033] The reamer 8 is provided with a connection hole 10, and the hole diameter is generally more than 40 mm. Underwater, a diver or a submersible can operate to connect a thick steel wire rope to the reamer 8 using a shackle, and the whole can withstand a tensile force of more than 30 tons.

[0034] The modules in this embodiment can be divided into the following combinations:

[0035]

[0036]

[0037] When operating in medium-soft geological conditions such as silt and sandy soil, the structure in Figure 1 is adopted. During the drilling process, it is mainly achieved through the comprehensive action of injecting overhead thrust, high-pressure mud jetting force, and the rotation of the drill bit body 1 (driven by a commutator). When the drill bit body 1 rotates continuously, straight drilling can be carried out; while when the drill bit body 1 stops rotating, directional drilling will be formed under the combined action of the overhead thrust and the reaction force of the guiding surface. Since it is relatively easy to break the soil under this geological condition, using a pressing plate drill bit can improve the guiding strength, with a short operation trajectory and precise direction control achievable.

[0038] When operating in clay or hard geological conditions, the structure in Figure 2 a is adopted. The eagle claw drill bit is mainly used to break the soil. It can either break the soil by the high-speed rotation of the mud motor 7 or be directly connected to the commutator for driving. When using the mud motor 7 for directional drilling, the bending angle and azimuth of the mud motor 7 are adjusted through the commutator for direction control.

[0039] When operating in hard soil or soft rock geological conditions, the structure in Figure 2 b is adopted. The roller cone bit is mainly used, and the soil is broken by the high-speed rotation of the mud motor 7. During directional drilling, the bending angle and azimuth of the mud motor 7 are adjusted through the commutator for direction control.

[0040] After the drill bit exits the soil, the structure in Figure 3 can be adopted for reaming operations. According to the drilling mode, the reamer 8 can be driven by the mud motor 7 or the commutator can be directly connected to the reamer 8 for operation.

[0041] The above specific implementations can be locally adjusted in different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and purposes of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is subject to the claims and is not limited by the above specific implementations, and all implementation solutions within its scope are restricted by the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-mode steering drilling tool, characterized in that, include: The drilling tool mechanism, positioning cabin and reversing drive are arranged in sequence, wherein the reversing drive is connected to the hydraulic oil pipe to provide power to the drilling tool mechanism, the rotating end of the reversing drive is connected to the positioning cabin, and the positioning cabin is provided with a positioning sensor and a transmission cable connected thereto, which transmits position information to the navigation and positioning system for positioning and direction control; The drilling tool mechanism, the positioning cabin and the reversing driver are connected via a connector; The reversing drive is a large torque rotation drive device, which is driven by a hydraulic cylinder or a motor and is equipped with a sensor for measuring the rotation speed; The positioning sensor adopts a miniature high-precision inertial measurement unit to measure the attitude angle, angular velocity, angular acceleration and triaxial motion speed and acceleration of the drill body in real time; The drilling tool mechanism is realized by a drill bit body, which is provided with multi-directional nozzles, including a soil-breaking nozzle for drilling and jetting to break the soil and a cleaning nozzle for cleaning the drill bit; The drill bit body adopts a guide plate drill bit, an eagle claw drill bit or a roller drill bit. When a guide plate drill bit is adopted, it is directly connected to the connector. When an eagle claw drill bit is adopted, it is directly connected to the commutator and the mud motor. When a roller drill bit is adopted, it is connected to the mud motor. A mud motor is further provided between the drilling tool mechanism and the positioning cabin, wherein: the mud motor has a fixed guide angle, and the direction is controlled by a commutator driving the motor to rotate as a whole, and the guide strength is increased or decreased by adjusting the area of the motor's external guide plane. The mud motor includes: a power part, a transmission part, and a bearing part, wherein: the power part uses high-pressure seawater or mud as a power source, and utilizes the pressure difference to generate a driving force to drive the motor rotor to rotate, thereby driving the drill bit to rotate rapidly and continuously to break the soil; The power part includes a stator and a rotor, the transmission part includes a bent joint for steering, and the bearing part bears the load of the entire motor; When operating in medium-soft hard geological conditions, the multi-mode directional drilling tool achieves drilling through injection head thrust, high-pressure mud jetting, and commutator-driven drill body rotation. The drill body can perform linear drilling during continuous rotation. When the drill body stops rotating, guided drilling is achieved under the combined action of the top thrust and the reaction force of the guide surface. Because groundbreaking is relatively easy under these geological conditions, a pressure plate drill bit is used to enhance guidance strength, resulting in a short operating trajectory and precise directional control. When operating in clay or hard soil, the multi-mode directional drilling tool uses an eagle claw drill bit to break the soil, a mud motor to rotate at high speed to break the soil, or is directly connected to a commutator for drive; when using a mud motor for directional drilling, the commutator is used to adjust the bending angle and direction of the mud motor for direction control; The multi-mode directional drilling tool uses a roller drill bit when operating in hard soil or soft rock geology, and the mud motor rotates at high speed to break the soil; during directional drilling, the bending angle and direction of the mud motor are adjusted by the commutator to control the direction; After the drill bit of the multi-mode directional drilling tool emerges from the soil, the reamer can be driven by a mud motor or directly connected to the reamer by a commutator according to the drilling mode.

2. The multi-mode directional drilling tool according to claim 1, wherein, The drill bit body is further provided with a hole expander, which can expand the diameter of the drill hole when the steel cable is pulled back.

3. The multi-mode directional drilling tool according to claim 2, wherein, The reamer is a conical structure with spiral concave water grooves on its surface. The reamer is provided with cutting edges distributed in dots or lines. The reamer is connected to a commutator or a mud motor and rotates for reaming under the action of the drag force of the drill pipe.

4. The multi-mode directional drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drill bit body is provided with a connection hole ring, which is used to connect the threading wire rope to the drill bit body by shackle when it is operated by a diver or a submersible underwater, and directly carry out threading and dragging without reaming; the reamer is provided with a connection hole ring, and the thick wire rope can be connected to the reamer by shackle under the operation of a diver or a submersible underwater, and the heavy wire rope is dragged during reaming.

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