Underground stop and construction method thereof

Abstract

The present application provides an underground stop and a construction method thereof. The underground stop is constructed below a surface highway and includes a tunnel, a shaft and a cross passage. The tunnel includes a tunnel segment, a tunnel highway and a platform. The tunnel segment is enclosed to form a tunnel space, and the tunnel highway is located in the tunnel space. The platform is located in the tunnel space and is adjacent to one side of the tunnel highway. The shaft includes a wall and a passage ladder. The wall is enclosed to form a shaft space, which can lead to the surface highway. The cross passage includes a lining wall and a ring frame beam. A cross-through opening is formed at the tunnel segment adjacent to the platform. The ring frame beam is supported at the cross-through opening. The lining wall and the ring frame beam are enclosed together to form a cross-through space. The cross-through space connects the tunnel space and the shaft space. The underground stop provided by the present application, by setting the platform in the tunnel, can avoid the open-cut method when constructing the underground stop, will not occupy the space of the surface highway, does not need to be traffic diverted, and will not affect the normal operation of the surface highway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of underground engineering technology, and in particular to an underground stop and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Most of the underground highways built in the early days were tunnels that crossed rivers, and there was no need to set up underground stops such as underground bus stops in the middle of the tunnels. Therefore, although some tunnels allow vehicles to pass through, no stops such as bus stops are set up underground. With the development and utilization of urban underground space, many cities plan to reconstruct highways that cross tourist attractions underground, or use certain streets as pedestrian streets. All original ground transportation, including buses, needs to be reconstructed underground. At this time, it is necessary to set up underground stops near tourist attractions or pedestrian streets.

[0003] In the prior art, urban underground bus stops are usually constructed using the full open-cut method. First, a foundation pit support system needs to be built at the construction site, which will occupy a large amount of existing surface road space and require temporary traffic diversion. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the embodiments of the present application hope to provide an underground bus stop and a construction method thereof, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that the construction of underground bus stops occupies a large surface road space.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, one aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides an underground stop, the underground stop comprising:

[0006] A tunnel, comprising tunnel segments, a tunnel road and a platform, wherein the tunnel segments are arranged to form a tunnel space, the tunnel road is located in the tunnel space and extends longitudinally along the tunnel space, and the platform is located in the tunnel space and adjacent to one side of the tunnel road;

[0007] A shaft, comprising a wall and a passage ladder, wherein the wall is arranged to form a shaft space, the shaft space can lead to the surface road, and the passage ladder is arranged in the shaft space; and

[0008] A transverse passage comprises a lining wall and a ring frame beam. A transverse opening is formed at the place where the tunnel segment is adjacent to the platform. The ring frame beam is supported at the transverse opening. The lining wall is connected to the ring frame beam. The lining wall and the ring frame beam are jointly arranged to form a transverse space. The transverse space connects the tunnel space and the shaft space.

[0009] Furthermore, the lining wall includes an initial support and a secondary lining arranged in the initial support.

[0010] Furthermore, the tunnel road comprises more than two lanes, and the width of the lane adjacent to the platform is greater than or equal to 3.5 m; and / or,

[0011] The platform is 15 cm to 20 cm higher than the tunnel road; and / or,

[0012] The width of the platform is greater than or equal to 1.5 m.

[0013] Furthermore, the shaft further comprises a partition wall, the passage ladder comprises an elevator and a staircase, the partition wall separates the shaft space into at least an elevator space, a staircase space and a pedestrian space, the elevator is arranged in the elevator space, and the staircase is arranged in the staircase space;

[0014] The pedestrian space is connected to the transverse space, and the bottoms of the elevator space and the staircase space are both connected to the pedestrian space.

[0015] Furthermore, the partition wall also separates the vertical shaft space into a cable shaft and a ventilation shaft. The staircase space and the elevator space are respectively located on both sides of the pedestrian space. The cable shaft is located on the side of the elevator space close to the transverse passage or on the side away from the transverse passage, and the ventilation shaft is located on the side of the staircase space away from the transverse passage.

[0016] Furthermore, the underground stop also includes a fire door, which is arranged in the transverse space.

[0017] Furthermore, the vertical shaft is arranged outside the surface road.

[0018] The underground stop provided in the embodiment of the present application sets the platform in the tunnel space, so that when building the underground stop, it is not necessary to use the open-cut method, will not occupy the space of the surface road, there is no need to divert traffic, and will not affect the normal operation of the surface road.

[0019] Another aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a method for constructing an underground stop, which is used to construct the underground stop provided by any of the above embodiments, and the construction method includes:

[0020] The tunnel is formed by using a shield method;

[0021] constructing the shaft;

[0022] The transverse passage is constructed between the tunnel and the shaft.

[0023] Furthermore, the step of constructing the transverse passage between the tunnel and the shaft comprises:

[0024] Constructing a temporary support in the tunnel space to support the tunnel segments around the cross-opening;

[0025] Removing the tunnel segments at the transverse opening to form the transverse opening;

[0026] Constructing the ring frame beam at the horizontal opening;

[0027] removing the temporary support;

[0028] The lining wall is formed by adopting the dark excavation method.

[0029] Furthermore, in the step of constructing the vertical shaft, the vertical shaft is formed by using a caisson method or an open cut method; and / or,

[0030] In the step of constructing the transverse passage, the lining wall is formed by a dark excavation method.

[0031] The construction method of the underground stop provided in the embodiment of the present application, because the platform is set in the tunnel space, can first adopt the shield method to form the tunnel during construction, and will not occupy the space of the surface road during construction, and there is no need to relieve traffic, and will not cause inconvenience to surface traffic. In addition, shield construction does not require multiple reception and departure, thereby greatly shortening the construction period. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a line direction of an underground stop provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view of section AA;

[0034] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of another driving direction of an underground stop provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Cross-sectional view of the middle BB section;

[0036] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fire door provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 6 A method for constructing an underground stop provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 7 A method for constructing an underground stop provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of an underground stop in the prior art; and

[0040] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 Cross-sectional view of section YY.

[0041] Description of reference numerals:

[0042] 1. Tunnel; 11. Tunnel segment; 111. Cross-hole portal; 12. Tunnel road; 121. Driving lane; 13. Platform; 14. Tunnel space;

[0043] 2. Shaft; 21. Enclosure; 22. Passage ladder; 221. Elevator; 222. Stairs; 23. Shaft space; 231. Elevator space; 232. Stair space; 233. Pedestrian space; 234. Cable shaft; 235. Ventilation shaft; 24. Partition wall;

[0044] 3. Transverse passage; 31. Lining wall; 311. Initial support; 312. Secondary lining; 32. Ring frame beam; 33. Transverse space;

[0045] 4. Fire doors; 5. Surface roads; 6. Green belts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and technical features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other, and the detailed description in the specific implementation method should be understood as an explanation of the purpose of the present application and should not be regarded as an improper limitation on the present application.

[0047] The directional terms used in the description of this application are only used to facilitate the description of this application and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting this application.

[0048] Currently, see Figure 8 and Fig. 9 In order to make the length C', width D' and height of the platform 13' of an underground bus station, such as an underground bus station, meet the requirements of relevant design specifications, for a tunnel 1' constructed by the shield method, if the tunnel segments 11' are removed longitudinally on a large scale and then the underground stop is expanded and constructed, the risk and difficulty are extremely high. Under such conditions, how to build an underground stop is a difficult problem.

[0049] The usual practice is to use the full open cut method to build the underground stop station. This construction method requires the construction of the station foundation pit before the tunnel 1' is excavated to form a support system 15', and the foundation pit width needs to meet the needs of shield starting and receiving, and the width must be at least 20m. The length of the foundation pit varies depending on whether the station type is direct or bay type, please refer to Figure 8For a bay-type underground stop, its length needs to be at least 60m. As a result, the construction cost of the underground stop is high, and each time the shield enters the underground stop, it needs to be received and started again, which prolongs the construction period. In addition, the underground stop will occupy the existing surface road 5' during the construction process, and the surface road 5' needs to be traffic-diverted, which greatly affects the normal traffic operation.

[0050] In view of this, one aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides an underground stop, see Figure 1 to Figure 4 The underground stop is built below the surface road 5, and includes a tunnel 1, a shaft 2, and a cross passage 3. The tunnel 1 includes a tunnel segment 11, a tunnel road 12, and a platform 13. The tunnel segment 11 is enclosed to form a tunnel space 14, the tunnel road 12 is located in the tunnel space 14 and extends longitudinally along the tunnel space 14, and the platform 13 is located in the tunnel space 14 and is adjacent to one side of the tunnel road 12. The shaft 2 includes a fence 21 and a passage ladder 22, the fence 21 is enclosed to form a shaft space 23, the shaft space 23 can lead to the surface road 5, and the passage ladder 22 is arranged in the shaft space 23. The transverse passage 3 includes a lining wall 31 and a ring frame beam 32. A transverse opening 111 is formed at the tunnel segment 11 adjacent to the platform 13. The ring frame beam 32 is supported at the transverse opening 111. The lining wall 31 is connected to the ring frame beam 32. The lining wall 31 and the ring frame beam 32 are jointly enclosed to form a transverse space 33. The transverse space 33 connects the tunnel space 14 and the shaft space 23.

[0051] Specifically, when the underground stop is in operation, passengers go from the surface to the underground via the passage ladder 22, and then enter the platform 13 in the tunnel space 14 through the cross-through space 33 to wait for the bus. The surface road 5 includes a motor vehicle lane, a non-motor vehicle lane and a sidewalk.

[0052] The underground stop provided in the embodiment of the present application sets the platform 13 in the tunnel space 14. Therefore, in the case of using the shield method to construct the tunnel 1, when the underground stop is constructed, the platform 13 can be directly constructed in the tunnel space 14, the vertical shaft 2 is constructed by the open cut method or the caisson method, and the horizontal space 33 is formed by the dark cut method, without the need to use the full open cut method to construct the platform 13. In this way, during the construction of the underground stop, only a small amount of surface area required for the construction of the vertical shaft 2 is required, so that the normal traffic operation of the surface highway 5 will not be affected, and there is no need to carry out traffic relief. And because there is no need to use the open cut method to construct the platform 13, there is no need to construct the foundation pit and its support system 15', and when the shield method is used to construct the tunnel 1, there is no need to carry out multiple departures and receptions, which not only simplifies the construction facilities, but also greatly improves the operation efficiency and reduces the construction period.

[0053] Further, in one embodiment, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 In the underground parking station provided in the present application, the lining wall 31 includes an initial support 311 and a secondary lining 312 arranged in the initial support 311 .

[0054] It is understandable that, since the transverse space 33 of the transverse passage 3 is formed by the dark excavation method, it is necessary to construct the initial support 311 in the area to be excavated before excavation to prevent accidents such as collapse during the excavation process. After the excavation work is completed, it is necessary to construct a secondary lining 312 in the initial support 311 according to specific structural requirements to meet the structural strength requirements of the lining wall 31. At the same time, by constructing the secondary lining 312, the shape and surface of the lining wall 31 can also be made more beautiful.

[0055] Further, in one embodiment, see Figure 1 and Figure 3 In the underground bus stop provided by the present application, the tunnel road 12 includes more than two lanes 121, and the width W of the lane 121 adjacent to the platform 13 is greater than or equal to 3.5m. It is understandable that in order to ensure the normal operation of the tunnel road 12 and avoid traffic jams, buses and other vehicles need to stop on the lane 121 adjacent to the platform 13 to facilitate passengers to get on and off. Therefore, there are certain requirements for the width of the lane 121 adjacent to the platform 13 to meet the passage and parking needs of buses and other vehicles. According to the width of different vehicles and the driving width required for the vehicle to change lanes, in general, the width W of the lane 121 adjacent to the platform 13 is not less than 3.5m.

[0056] In one embodiment, see Figure 2 and Figure 4 In the underground bus stop provided by the present application, the platform 13 is 15 cm to 20 cm higher than the tunnel road 12. It is understandable that since the vehicle pedal is at a certain height from the tunnel road 12, in order to facilitate passengers to get on and off the vehicle, the platform 13 should also be at a certain height from the tunnel road 12. Generally, according to the height of the vehicle pedal and comprehensive consideration of ergonomics, the height difference H between the platform 13 and the tunnel road 12 is set to 15 cm to 20 cm.

[0057] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 and Figure 3 In the underground bus stop provided by the present application, the width D of the platform 13 is greater than or equal to 1.5 m. It is understandable that in order to meet the needs of passengers waiting for and getting on and off the bus, the width D of the platform 13 needs to meet certain size requirements. Generally, the width D should not be less than 1.5 m.

[0058] In one embodiment, please continue to refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 In the underground bus stop provided in this application, the length C of the platform 13 needs to be determined according to the type and number of vehicles. Generally, the length C of the platform 13 is not less than 15m.

[0059] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 and Figure 3 In the underground stop provided by the present application, the shaft 2 also includes a partition wall 24, and the passage ladder 22 includes an elevator 221 and a staircase 222. The partition wall 24 separates the shaft space 23 into at least an elevator space 231, a staircase space 232 and a pedestrian space 233. The elevator 221 is arranged in the elevator space 231, and the staircase 222 is arranged in the staircase space 232. The pedestrian space 233 is connected to the horizontal space 33, and the bottoms of the elevator space 231 and the staircase space 232 are both connected to the pedestrian space 233. Specifically, passengers enter the pedestrian space 233 at the bottom of the shaft space 23 through the elevator 221 or the staircase 222, and the elevator space 231 and the staircase space 232 are separated by the partition wall 24. By arranging the elevator 221 and the staircase 222, passengers can give priority to taking the elevator 221. When the elevator 221 is running at full capacity during the peak period of passenger flow, or when the elevator 221 fails, passengers can choose the staircase 222.

[0060] In an embodiment not shown, the underground stop provided by the present application may only have a staircase space 232 but no elevator space 231 , thereby reducing the size of the shaft space 23 and further reducing the construction cost of the shaft 2 .

[0061] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 to Figure 4 In the underground stop provided by the present application, the partition wall 24 also separates the vertical shaft space 23 into a cable shaft 234 and a ventilation shaft 235. The staircase space 232 and the elevator space 231 are respectively located on both sides of the pedestrian space 233, the cable shaft 234 is located on the side of the elevator space 231 close to the transverse passage 3 or on the side away from the transverse passage 3, and the ventilation shaft 235 is located on the side of the staircase space 232 away from the transverse passage 3.

[0062] The elevator space 231 and the stair space 232 are respectively arranged on both sides of the pedestrian space 233, so that the pedestrian space 233 is connected to the horizontal space 33 in a straight line, and the cable well 234 can be arranged by using the abundant space between the partition wall 24 and the enclosure 21 of the stair space 232, and the ventilation well 235 can be arranged by using the abundant space between the partition wall 24 and the enclosure 21 of the elevator space 231 away from the horizontal passage 3. In this way, the spatial layout of the shaft 2 is further optimized, which is conducive to saving space and reducing the surface road surface area occupied by the shaft 2 during construction.

[0063] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 The underground stop provided by the present application further includes a fire door 4, which is arranged in the transverse space 33. By arranging the fire door 4, the tunnel 1 and the transverse passage 3 are separated from the shaft 2 into two fire partitions. Once a fire occurs in one of the fire partitions, closing the fire door 4 can prevent the fire from spreading, thereby improving the safety performance of the underground stop.

[0064] In one embodiment, please participate Figure 2 and Figure 4 In the underground stop provided by the present application, the shaft 2 is arranged outside the surface road 5, such as the green belt 6 area or the green belt 6 and the space extending to the side away from the surface road 5, so that during the operation of the underground stop, it is convenient for passengers to enter and exit the underground stop through the surface road surface, such as the pedestrian passages on both sides of the surface road 5.

[0065] Another aspect of the present application provides a method for constructing an underground parking station, see Figure 6 , used to construct the underground stop provided in any of the above embodiments. The construction method includes:

[0066] S01, using shield construction to form tunnel 1;

[0067] S02, construction forms shaft 2;

[0068] S03. Construct a transverse passage 3 between the tunnel 1 and the shaft 2.

[0069] Specifically, when the shield method is used to construct the tunnel 1, it is not necessary to receive and start at the underground stop. After the construction of the tunnel space 14 is completed, the platform 13 and the tunnel road 12 can be directly constructed in the tunnel space 14.

[0070] In the construction method of the underground stop provided by the embodiment of the present application, since the platform 13 is arranged in the tunnel space 14, during construction, the shield method can be used to construct the tunnel 1. During the construction process, there is no need for multiple departures and receptions, thereby greatly shortening the construction period, and during construction, the space of the surface road 5 will not be occupied, and there is no need to relieve traffic, which will not cause inconvenience to traffic.

[0071] Further, in one embodiment, see Figure 7 In the construction method provided in this application, the step S03 of constructing a transverse passage 3 between the tunnel 1 and the shaft 2 comprises:

[0072] S04, constructing a temporary support in the tunnel space 14 to support the tunnel segments 11 around the transverse opening 111;

[0073] S05, removing the tunnel 1 segment at the transverse opening 111 to form the transverse opening 111;

[0074] S06, constructing a ring frame beam 32 at the cross-opening 111;

[0075] S07. Remove temporary supports;

[0076] S08. A lining wall 31 is formed by using a dark excavation method.

[0077] It is understandable that before the construction of the transverse passage 3, part of the tunnel segments 11 need to be removed to form the transverse opening 111. Before removing part of the tunnel segments 11, temporary support should be constructed first to provide effective support for the tunnel segments 11 around the transverse opening 111 to prevent the tunnel segments 11 from falling or collapsing. After the construction of the transverse opening 111 to form the ring frame beam 32, the ring frame beam 32 provides support for the tunnel segments 11 around the transverse opening 111, and the temporary support can be removed at this time.

[0078] In one embodiment, in the construction method provided by the present application, in the step of constructing the vertical shaft 2, the caisson method or the open-cut method is used to construct the vertical shaft 2. Specifically, when the caisson method is used for construction, it is necessary to partially sink the prefabricated integral structure wall 21 into the soil at the designed position of the vertical shaft 2 before excavation, and then, under the cover of the wall 21, the wall 21 is excavated and sunk while sinking, and the wall 21 is correspondingly built until the depth of the vertical shaft 2 reaches the designed depth.

[0079] When the vertical shaft 2 is formed by open-cut construction, a retaining structure should be first established at the designed position of the vertical shaft 2 before excavating the foundation pit. Then, the internal support system of the foundation pit should be established while excavating. After the designed depth of the vertical shaft 2 is met, the surrounding wall 21 can be built from bottom to top, and the internal support system of the foundation pit should be dismantled at the same time.

[0080] In one embodiment, in the construction method provided by the present application, in the step of constructing the transverse passage 3, a lining wall 31 is formed by a dark excavation method. Specifically, before excavating the transverse space 33, it is necessary to construct at the designed position of the transverse passage 3 to form an initial support 311, and then excavate. Finally, a secondary lining 312 is formed by internal construction of the initial support 311 in the transverse space 33, and the initial support 311 and the secondary lining 312 together constitute the lining wall 31 of the transverse passage 3. By constructing the lining wall 31 by the dark excavation method, it is possible to avoid occupying the space of the surface highway 5 as in the open excavation method, and the construction period is shorter.

[0081] The various embodiments / implementations provided in this application can be combined with each other without causing any contradiction.

[0082] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for constructing an underground stop, used for constructing an underground stop below a surface highway, characterized in that: The underground stop includes tunnels, shafts and cross passages; The construction method comprises: The tunnel is formed by shield construction; The vertical shaft is formed by using open cut method or caisson method; constructing the transverse passage between the tunnel and the shaft; The tunnel comprises tunnel segments, a tunnel road and a platform, wherein the tunnel segments are arranged to form a tunnel space, the tunnel road comprises two or more lanes, is located in the tunnel space and extends longitudinally along the tunnel space, and the platform is directly constructed and formed in the tunnel space, is located in the tunnel space and is adjacent to one side of the tunnel road; The shaft comprises a wall and a passage ladder, wherein the wall is arranged to form a shaft space, the shaft space can lead to the surface road, and the passage ladder is arranged in the shaft space; and The transverse passage includes a lining wall and a ring frame beam. A transverse opening is formed at the place where the tunnel segment is adjacent to the platform. The ring frame beam is supported at the transverse opening. The lining wall is connected to the ring frame beam. The lining wall and the ring frame beam are jointly arranged to form a transverse space. The construction method for forming the transverse space is the dark excavation method. The transverse space connects the tunnel space and the shaft space, and is used to provide a passage for passengers to enter the platform from the shaft space.

2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lining wall includes an initial support and a secondary lining arranged in the initial support.

3. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the carriageway adjacent to the tunnel road and the platform is greater than or equal to 3.5 m; and / or, The platform is 15 cm to 20 cm higher than the tunnel road; and / or, The width of the platform is greater than or equal to 1.5 m.

4. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaft further includes a partition wall, the passage ladder includes an elevator and a staircase, the partition wall separates the shaft space into at least an elevator space, a staircase space and a pedestrian space, the elevator is arranged in the elevator space, and the staircase is arranged in the staircase space; The pedestrian space is connected to the transverse space, and the bottoms of the elevator space and the staircase space are both connected to the pedestrian space.

5. The construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The partition wall also separates the vertical shaft space into a cable shaft and a ventilation shaft. The staircase space and the elevator space are respectively located on both sides of the pedestrian space. The cable shaft is located on the side of the elevator space close to the transverse passage or on the side away from the transverse passage, and the ventilation shaft is located on the side of the staircase space away from the transverse passage.

6. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The underground stop also includes a fire door, which is arranged in the transverse space.

7. The construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The vertical shaft is arranged outside the surface road.

8. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of constructing the transverse passage between the tunnel and the shaft comprises: Constructing a temporary support in the tunnel space to support the tunnel segments around the cross-opening; Removing the tunnel segments at the transverse opening to form the transverse opening; Constructing the ring frame beam at the transverse opening; removing the temporary support; The lining wall is formed by adopting the dark excavation method.

9. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step of constructing the transverse passage, the lining wall is formed by a dark excavation method.

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