A diesel-powered tobacco planting furrow fertilizer machine

Abstract

The present invention relates to a tobacco planting strip-furrow fertilizer machine based on diesel engine power, which is suitable for agricultural plowing and fertilizing, and comprises a frame, front wheels for steering are respectively arranged on both sides of the front part of the frame, rear wheels driven by the diesel engine through a transmission mechanism are respectively arranged on both sides of the rear part of the frame, handrails are respectively arranged on both sides of the rear end of the frame, brake devices for controlling the speed of the rear wheels on the corresponding sides are arranged on the handrails, a furrowing assembly that can be raised and lowered and adjusted is arranged in the middle part of the front side of the frame, and a fertilizer device and a watering device are arranged at the rear part of the frame. The tobacco planting strip-furrow fertilizer machine is conducive to realizing the synchronous work of legal furrowing, fertilization and watering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a tobacco planting furrow fertilizer machine based on diesel engine power, which is suitable for agricultural plowing and fertilizing. Background Art

[0002] During tobacco planting, tobacco farmers need to dig trenches and apply fertilizers to the soil ridges between the ridge opening and film covering stages. The height of the soil ridge is about 30cm, the center distance of the walking trenches on both sides of the soil ridge is 120cm, and the width of the trench in the middle of the soil ridge is about 15-25cm. Therefore, the chassis structure of the trenching equipment needs to meet the following requirements: 1) The machine is miniaturized, with a four-wheel structure, rear-drive power, a small turning radius, and convenient U-turns; 2) The equipment running speed is adjustable to meet the tobacco farmers' walking in the walking trench, and the working parts on the ridges meet the requirements of trenching, fertilizing, and watering at the same time; 3) The chassis structure, as the load-bearing and operating part of the entire tobacco planting strip ditch fertilizer machine, needs to be able to achieve an adjustable tillage speed of about 5-10km / h, an adjustable fertilization speed, and start and stop synchronously with the walking device to prevent fertilizer waste.

[0003] At present, the turning methods used by agricultural tractors in the market are: 1. Changing the relative position between the guide wheel and the machine body, that is, using a differential; 2. Changing the relative position of the front and rear frames, that is, using a hinge connection between the front and rear wheels; 3. Changing the driving force transmitted to the driving wheels on both sides, that is, using a steering clutch. For the ditching process, there are mainly hoe type, boot type, double disc type, slide knife type and boot type ditching openers. Due to the different structural shapes and surfaces, each ditching opener corresponds to a different ditching depth.

[0004] However, the current ditching and fertilizing devices on the market have the following disadvantages:

[0005] 1. Currently, only some tobacco farmers have developed simple furrowing and fertilizing devices by themselves, and there is no special furrow fertilizer machine developed for tobacco planting. The current furrowing machines and fertilizer machines are based on human power. When tobacco farmers dig furrows, it is not only inconvenient to walk and operate, but also damages the shape of the ridges, which is inefficient, the labor intensity of operators is high, and the uniformity of furrowing and fertilization effect are not ideal.

[0006] 2. The hinge connection method between the front and rear frames divides the entire device into two frame parts, the front and rear frames, which is not conducive to realizing the characteristics of mechanical miniaturization and has high cost.

[0007] 3. By changing the driving force transmitted to the driving wheels on both sides, that is, using the steering clutch to control the rotation speed of the left and right driving wheels to achieve differential turning. This method is more suitable for two-wheeled hand tractors. The earthen ridge road surface is uneven and has many potholes, which tests the performance of the steering clutch and has a higher cost price.

[0008] 4. The current trenching machine and fertilizer applicator are independent, and there is no special research on the integration of trenching, fertilization and watering for tobacco planting, that is, the walking device and the fertilizer supply device cannot be started and stopped synchronously. Summary of the invention

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide a tobacco planting furrow fertilizer machine based on diesel engine power, which is conducive to realizing the synchronous work of furrowing, fertilizing and watering.

[0010] The technical solution of the present invention is: a tobacco planting strip-ditch fertilizer machine based on diesel engine power, comprising a frame, front wheels for steering are respectively arranged on both sides of the front part of the frame, rear wheels driven by the diesel engine through a transmission mechanism are respectively arranged on both sides of the rear part of the frame, handrail frames are respectively arranged on both sides of the rear end of the frame, braking devices for controlling the rotation speed of the rear wheels on the corresponding sides are arranged on the handrail frames, a ditching assembly that can be raised and lowered and adjusted is arranged in the middle part of the front side of the frame, and a fertilizing device and a watering device are arranged at the rear part of the frame.

[0011] Furthermore, a front wheel plate is laterally arranged at the front part of the frame, and shafts whose upper ends are rotatably connected to the front wheel plate are vertically fixed on the wheel axles of the front wheels. A limiting rod is also vertically fixed on the wheel axle beside the shaft, and the upper end of the limiting rod extends into an arc-shaped limiting groove provided on the front wheel plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism includes a reducer whose input end is transmission-connected to the output end of the diesel engine via a transmission belt, an output end of the reducer is provided with a driving bevel gear and connected to a differential, two output shafts of the differential are rotationally connected to the frame via bearing seats, the rear wheels are rotationally connected to the frame via power shafts, and the other end of the power shaft is connected to the other end of the output shaft via a gear pair.

[0013] Furthermore, the braking device includes a disc brake arranged on the power shaft, a brake handle is arranged on the handrail, the brake handle is connected to the disc brake via a hydraulic pipe, and a hydraulic pump fixed to the frame is arranged on the hydraulic pipe.

[0014] Furthermore, the gear pair is a pair of meshing cylindrical gears, and the frame is respectively provided with a Hall sensor for detecting the rotation speed of the power shaft.

[0015] Furthermore, the trenching assembly includes a support frame installed in the middle of the front side of the frame, a trencher is arranged on the lower side of the support frame, the upper end of the trencher is connected to an adjustment rod passing through the support frame, the adjustment rod is provided with a plurality of adjustment holes spaced from top to bottom, and one of the adjustment holes is locked and connected to the support frame via an adjustment bolt.

[0016] Furthermore, the fertilization device includes a fertilizer box arranged at the rear of the frame, a transverse groove is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer box, a dragon shaft driven to rotate by a motor is provided in the transverse groove, a discharge port is provided at the lower part of the transverse groove, and the discharge port is connected to a fertilizer guide pipe leading to the middle part of the lower side of the frame.

[0017] Furthermore, the water application device comprises a water tank arranged at the rear of the frame, a water pump is arranged in the water tank, and a water pipe leading to the middle of the lower side of the frame is arranged at the output end of the water pump.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0019] (1) The device uses a differential in conjunction with a handbrake to ensure that the power torque transmitted from the diesel engine is distributed to the left and right wheels at different speeds through the differential, ultimately achieving differential turning of the left and right power wheels without slipping. The front wheel plate of the front wheel part has an auxiliary rotation adjustment range of ±60°. The front wheel serves as the driven wheel, and the rear wheel outputs power to drive the entire machine. The strip fertilizer machine ultimately enables tobacco farmers to achieve fast, small-radius turns in the fields.

[0020] (2) Compared with farmers who only use independent furrowing devices or fertilizer devices, the tobacco planting strip fertilizer machine is equipped with a fertilizer device, a watering device and a furrow opener. During the operation, the strip fertilizer machine can achieve simultaneous furrowing, fertilizer application and watering, which is convenient for manual operation and has certain flexibility and lightness.

[0021] (3) By detecting the speed of the power half-shaft, the corresponding speed of the motor of the fertilizer box and the water pump of the water tank can be controlled, ultimately realizing the design function of adjustable fertilizer and water application ratio.

[0022] (4) A plowshare trencher is used to ensure that the trench shape is neat and straight. The trenching parameters are adjustable, and the trenching depth is adjustable. Five levels of trenching depth are designed, ranging from 180mm to 260mm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 is a side view of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a rear view of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 A top view of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the chassis structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the furrow opener of the present invention;

[0029] In the figure: 10-frame 11-front wheel plate 12-arc limit groove 20-front wheel 21-axle 22-axle rod 23-cover plate 24-limit rod 30-diesel engine 40-transmission mechanism 41-transmission belt 42-reducer 43-active bevel gear 44-differential 45-output shaft 46-bearing seat 50-rear wheel 51-power shaft 52-cylindrical gear 53-Hall sensor 60-handrail frame 61-disc brake 62-brake handle 63-hydraulic pipe 64-hydraulic pump 65-connecting plate 70-ditching assembly 71-support frame 72-ditching device 73-adjusting rod 74-adjusting hole 75-adjusting bolt 80-fertilizer device 81-fertilizer box 82-transverse groove 83-motor 84-dragon shaft 85-discharge port 86-fertilizer guide pipe 90-water application device 91-water tank 92-water pump 93-water guide pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the above features and advantages of the present invention more easily understood, embodiments are given below with reference to the accompanying drawings for detailed description, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0031] refer to Figures 1 to 6

[0032] A tobacco planting furrow fertilizer machine based on diesel engine power comprises a frame 10, front wheels 20 for steering are respectively arranged on both sides of the front part of the frame, rear wheels 50 driven by a diesel engine 30 via a transmission mechanism 40 are respectively arranged on both sides of the rear part of the frame, handrails 60 are respectively arranged on both sides of the rear end of the frame, brake devices for controlling the rotation speed of the rear wheels on the corresponding sides are arranged on the handrails, a furrowing assembly 70 that can be raised and lowered is arranged in the middle of the front side of the frame, and a fertilizer application device 80 and a water application device 90 are arranged at the rear part of the frame.

[0033] In this embodiment, in order to support the frame and realize steering, a front wheel plate 11 is transversely arranged at the front of the frame, and shafts 22 whose upper ends are rotatably connected to the front wheel plate via bearings are vertically fixed on the wheel axles 21 of the front wheels, and a cover plate 23 for covering the upper side of the bearing is arranged on the front wheel plate, and a limiting rod 24 is also vertically fixed on the wheel axle beside the shaft, and the upper end of the limiting rod extends into the arc-shaped limiting groove 12 provided on the front wheel plate. The arc-shaped limiting groove enables the front wheel to have a rotational guide of ±60°, so that the front wheel can perform small-angle auxiliary turning.

[0034] Among the three commonly used turning methods, the turning control design uses a brake disc combined with a differential. In view of the uneven surface of tobacco ridges, the differential outputs different torques and speeds to the wheels on the left and right power half-axles by unilaterally pinching the brake handle. At the same time, the front wheel plate of the front wheel part has an auxiliary rotation adjustment range of ±60°. The front wheel serves as the driven wheel, and the rear wheel outputs power to drive the entire machine. The strip fertilizer machine finally achieves fast turning to adapt to the harsh working environment and has a certain degree of flexibility and lightness.

[0035] In this embodiment, in order to drive the rear wheels to rotate, the transmission mechanism includes a reducer 42 whose input end is transmission-connected to the output end of the diesel engine via a transmission belt 41, and an active bevel gear 43 is provided at the output end of the reducer and connected to a differential 44. The two output shafts 45 of the differential are rotationally connected to the frame via bearing seats 46, and the rear wheels are rotationally connected to the frame via power shafts 51, respectively. The power shaft is located at the lower side of the output shaft, and the other end of the power shaft is connected to the other end of the output shaft via a gear pair.

[0036] The torque transmitted from the reducer is distributed through the differential to achieve the differential requirement of the left and right rear wheels when turning. The entire differential ensures that the torque from the reducer is distributed differently according to the turning situation, so that the whole machine can turn. The diesel engine outputs torque to the reducer 42 through the pulley and the transmission belt, and then after the reducer decelerates and increases the torque, the torque is transmitted to the differential through the active bevel gear, and the differential distributes the torque to the left and right rear wheels.

[0037] In this embodiment, the gear pair is a pair of meshing cylindrical gears 52, and the transmission ratio between the cylindrical gears is 1:1, so as to transmit power to the rear wheels.

[0038] In this embodiment, in order to detect the speed of the rear wheels, Hall sensors 53 for detecting the rotation speed of the power shaft are respectively arranged on the frame.

[0039] In this embodiment, in order to achieve braking of the rear wheels and control the rotation speed, the braking device includes a disc brake 61 arranged on the power shaft, and the disc brake is connected to the frame via a connecting plate 65. A brake handle 62 is arranged on the handrail frame, and the brake handle is connected to the disc brake via a hydraulic pipe 63. A hydraulic pump 64 fixed to the frame is arranged on the hydraulic pipe, so that the amount of hydraulic oil provided to the disc brake by the hydraulic pump bolted to the frame can be controlled by pinching the tightness of the brake handle, thereby controlling the size of the wheel speed.

[0040] In this embodiment, in order to realize trenching, the trenching assembly includes a support frame 71 installed in the middle of the front side of the frame, a trencher 72 is arranged on the lower side of the support frame, and the upper end of the trencher is connected to an adjustment rod 73 passing through the support frame, and the adjustment rod is provided with a plurality of adjustment holes 74 at intervals from top to bottom. According to the actual depth required for trenching, the trencher selects the corresponding adjustment hole position and is fixedly assembled on the trencher support frame by adjusting bolts 75. The trencher is the main part of the tobacco planting strip fertilizer machine to realize the trenching function, ensuring that the trenching shape meets the depth and width requirements of tobacco planting. The support frame is the guarantee of the high-performance operation of the trencher and plays a supporting role.

[0041] In this embodiment, a plowshare furrow opener is used as the furrow opener, which can ensure that the furrow shape is neat and straight when furrowing. The furrowing parameters are adjustable, and the furrowing depth is adjustable. Five levels of furrowing depth are designed, ranging from 180mm to 260mm, which can meet the furrow shape requirements of 100mm width and 80mm depth required for tobacco cultivation.

[0042] In this embodiment, in order to apply fertilizer to the opened ditch, the fertilizing device includes a fertilizer box 81 arranged at the rear of the frame, a horizontal groove 82 is arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer box, a dragon shaft 84 is arranged in the horizontal groove and is driven to rotate by a motor 83 arranged outside the fertilizer box through a coupling, and a discharge port 85 is arranged at the lower part of the horizontal groove, and the discharge port is connected to a fertilizer guide pipe 86 leading to the middle part of the lower side of the frame, so as to serve as a pipeline for fertilizer application. Fertilizers of different proportions and components are poured into the fertilizer box, and the motor drives the dragon shaft to stir the fertilizer. When fertilizing, the fertilizer is stirred while being discharged to the farmland through the fertilizer guide pipe.

[0043] In this embodiment, in order to achieve watering, the watering device includes a water tank 91 arranged at the rear of the frame and located next to the fertilizer box, a water pump 92 is arranged in the water tank, and a water pipe 93 is arranged at the output end of the water pump, the water pipe extends from the upper part of the water tank to the rear of the water tank, and extends from the rear to the middle of the bottom of the water tank and is adjacent to the fertilizer pipe. A certain amount of water is introduced into the water tank. When watering, the water pump controls the discharge of the water amount according to the speed of the power shaft measured by the Hall sensor, and the water enters the tobacco farmland through the water pipe.

[0044] In this embodiment, the outlet of the fertilizer guide pipe and the outlet of the water guide pipe are located at the rear side of the trenching assembly so that fertilizer and water can fall into the planting trench.

[0045] In this embodiment, in order to better control the fertilization device and the watering device, a controller connected with the Hall sensor, the fertilization device and the watering device is further provided on the frame.

[0046] When working, when tobacco farmers start the diesel engine of the strip-furrow fertilizer machine, the diesel engine outputs power, and the power is transmitted to the left and right power half shafts and wheels through the transmission device and the differential. The torque is equal, and the strip-furrow fertilizer machine has the conditions to move straight. The tobacco farmers walking in the wheel groove can control the strip-furrow fertilizer machine to work straight.

[0047] When the strip fertilizer machine digs a furrow on a tobacco ridge and reaches the end of the road or encounters a small pit on the road and needs to turn around, the tobacco farmer controls the disc brake to reduce the speed of the power shaft on one side according to the radius (degree) of the turn. At this time, the differential automatically adjusts the torque transmitted to the left and right power wheel axles by the planetary gears and bevel gears, so that the left and right wheels have different speeds and achieve differential turning. The front wheel is in a follow-up state and makes a follow-up turn according to the different output of the rear driving force. If the whole machine needs to turn on the spot, the speed of one side is reduced to zero, and the whole machine is tilted backward to make the front wheel empty and the rear wheel on the other side rotates.

[0048] When tobacco farmers use the strip-furrow fertilizer machine to dig furrows and apply fertilizer, the furrow opener digs furrows in the front of the farmland, and then controls the speed of the motor and water pump according to the speed of the differential half-shaft detected by the Hall sensor, and the motor controls the rotation of the dragon shaft at the bottom of the box. Because the fertilizer in the box is forced to be pushed to the fertilizer guide pipe, the fertilizer falls into the trench opened in front from the outlet of the fertilizer guide pipe. At the same time, the water pump also pumps water to the water guide pipe according to the change of water pressure caused by the amount of water in the water tank, and the water also falls into the trench from the outlet of the water guide pipe. Overall, the fertilization device, the water application device and the traveling device of the chassis structure are started and stopped synchronously, and the Hall sensor transmits the detected power half-shaft speed information to the control system, and the control system controls the start and stop of the motor and water pump, the speed, etc. This strip-furrow fertilizer machine has the design function of adjustable fertilizer and water application ratio. When adjusting different application ratios, the control system adjusts the speed of the motor and water pump.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, according to the teachings of the present invention, designing different forms of tobacco planting strip fertilizer machines does not require creative labor. Without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, all equal changes, modifications, substitutions and variations made within the scope of the patent application of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tobacco planting furrow fertilizer machine based on diesel engine power, comprising a frame, characterized in that: Front wheels for steering are arranged on both sides of the front part of the frame, rear wheels driven by the diesel engine through a transmission mechanism are arranged on both sides of the rear part of the frame, handrails are arranged on both sides of the rear end of the frame, brake devices for controlling the speed of the rear wheels on the corresponding sides are arranged on the handrails, a ditching assembly that can be raised and lowered and adjusted is arranged in the middle of the front side of the frame, and a fertilizer application device and a water application device are arranged at the rear part of the frame; a front wheel plate is arranged transversely at the front part of the frame, and shafts whose upper ends are rotatably connected to the front wheel plate are vertically fixed on the wheel axles of the front wheels, and a limiting rod is also vertically fixed on the side of the shaft rod on the wheel axle, and the upper end of the limiting rod extends into an arc-shaped limiting groove provided on the front wheel plate, and the arc-shaped limiting groove enables the front wheel to have a ±60° rotation guide; the transmission mechanism includes a reducer whose input end is transmission-connected to the output end of the diesel engine through a transmission belt, and the output end of the reducer is provided with an active bevel gear and connected to a differential, and the two output shafts of the differential are respectively connected to the bearing seat and the The frame is rotatably connected, and the rear wheels are rotatably connected to the frame via a power shaft, and the other end of the power shaft is connected to the other end of the output shaft via a gear pair; the gear pair is a pair of meshing cylindrical gears, and the transmission ratio between the cylindrical gears is 1:1; Hall sensors for detecting the rotation speed of the power shaft are respectively arranged on the frame; the fertilizing device comprises a fertilizer box arranged at the rear of the frame, a horizontal groove is arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer box, a dragon shaft driven to rotate by a motor is arranged in the horizontal groove, and a discharge port is arranged at the lower part of the horizontal groove, and the discharge port is connected to a fertilizer guide pipe leading to the middle part of the lower side of the frame; the water application device comprises a water tank arranged at the rear of the frame, a water pump is arranged in the water tank, and a water guide pipe leading to the middle part of the lower side of the frame is arranged at the output end of the water pump, and the water guide pipe extends from the upper part of the water tank to the rear of the water tank, and extends from the rear to the middle of the bottom of the water tank and is adjacent to the fertilizer guide pipe. When applying water, the water pump controls the discharge of the water application amount according to the rotation speed of the power shaft measured by the Hall sensor.

2. A diesel engine-powered tobacco planting furrow fertilizer machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The brake device comprises a disc brake arranged on the power shaft, a brake handle is arranged on the handrail frame, the brake handle is connected to the disc brake via a hydraulic pipe, and a hydraulic pump fixed on the frame is arranged on the hydraulic pipe.

3. The diesel-powered tobacco planting furrow fertilizer machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The trenching assembly includes a support frame installed in the middle of the front side of the frame, a trencher is arranged on the lower side of the support frame, the upper end of the trencher is connected to an adjustment rod passing through the support frame, the adjustment rod is provided with a plurality of adjustment holes spaced from top to bottom, and an adjustment bolt of one of the adjustment holes is locked and connected to the support frame.

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