A method for preparing radiation-resistant yarn by ring spinning

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for preparing radiation-resistant yarn by ring spinning, wherein carbon fiber is first used as raw material, a silver-plated layer is formed on the surface of the carbon fiber by chemical plating, and electromagnetic shielding fiber is obtained by thermal oxidation treatment, ultrasonic-assisted thiol functional group impregnation treatment, and secondary treatment is performed with polyvinyl pyrrolidone in sequence, and the electromagnetic shielding fiber is mixed with cotton fiber in a certain proportion to obtain cotton / electromagnetic shielding fiber sliver, and cotton fiber is mixed with functional fiber in a certain proportion to obtain cotton / functional fiber sliver; and then the cotton / electromagnetic shielding fiber sliver and cotton / functional fiber sliver are used as raw materials and mixed, roving, spun yarn and winding to obtain radiation-resistant yarn. The present invention first prepares an electromagnetic shielding fiber with better electromagnetic shielding performance, and mixes the electromagnetic shielding fiber with cotton fiber and functional fiber to obtain yarn, which has better hand feel and anti-electromagnetic shielding performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a yarn preparation technology in the technical field of textile materials, and in particular to a method for preparing radiation-resistant yarn by ring spinning. Background Art

[0002] As people's living standards improve, their requirements for consumer goods are getting higher and higher. Among them, the requirements for fabric products have evolved from the initial pursuit of warmth to functional directions such as comfort, beauty, and health. Functional textiles have come into being, and various functional fabric products with different functional characteristics have also been continuously developed.

[0003] However, the common radiation-proof fabrics in the prior art are usually formed by coating or immersion, in which a layer of conductive polymer coating is coated on the surface of traditional yarn or fabric as a base material, or the traditional yarn or fabric is directly immersed in a dispersed conductive polymer solution as a base material; however, these two forming methods have high requirements for the storage of the product. When washing, it cannot be kneaded, rubbed, or twisted with force, and it cannot be folded after drying, otherwise the shielding performance and service life of electromagnetic radiation will be reduced; there are also very few yarns or fabrics formed by metal fiber blends, such products can be kneaded, rubbed, and folded for washing, but after washing, not only will the shielding effect be reduced, but the fabric properties of the fabric will also be significantly reduced, especially the softness of the fabric, thereby limiting the scope of use of the relevant radiation-proof fabrics. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing radiation-resistant yarn by ring spinning to solve the defects in the above technical background.

[0005] The technical problem solved by the present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for preparing radiation-resistant yarn by ring spinning, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1 Preparation of electromagnetic shielding fiber: using carbon fiber as raw material, forming a silver-plated layer on the surface of the carbon fiber by chemical plating, treating the surface silver-plated layer by thermal oxidation to obtain partially oxidized silver oxide composite carbon nanofibers on the surface of the carbon fiber, immersing the silver oxide composite carbon nanofibers in an organic solution containing a thiol functional group for ultrasonic-assisted dispersion, improving the bonding tightness between the silver ions and the carbon fiber by bonding the thiol group to the silver ion substrate, and then treating with polyvinyl pyrrolidone to obtain the electromagnetic shielding fiber;

[0008] S2 selects the electromagnetic shielding fiber, cotton fiber and functional fiber prepared in step S1 by weight percentage, wherein the mass percentage usage of each component is: electromagnetic shielding fiber is 18-25%, cotton fiber is 50-60%, and the balance is functional fiber; the electromagnetic shielding fiber and cotton fiber are mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1-2:1, and the mixture is subjected to the steps of opening, cleaning and combing to obtain cotton / electromagnetic shielding fiber sliver, and the remaining cotton fiber is mixed with the functional fiber, and the mixture is subjected to the steps of opening, cleaning and combing to obtain cotton / functional fiber sliver;

[0009] S3 mixes the cotton / electromagnetic shielding fiber slivers with the cotton / functional fiber slivers, and obtains the slivers after mixing, and sequentially subjecting the slivers to the roving process, the spun yarn process and the winding process to obtain the finished yarn.

[0010] As a further limitation, when the carbon fiber surface is subjected to chemical silver plating in step S1, the thickness of the silver plating layer is 300-500 nm.

[0011] As a further limitation, when the surface silver-plated layer is treated by thermal oxidation in step S1, the thermal oxidation temperature is controlled to be 160-180° C., and the reaction treatment is performed for 20-30 minutes.

[0012] As a further limitation, in step S1, the fineness of the cotton / electromagnetic shielding fiber sliver is 4.55-4.75 dtex, and the fineness of the cotton / functional fiber sliver is 6.55-6.85 dtex.

[0013] As a further limitation, in step S1, during the ultrasonic-assisted dispersion, the ultrasonic power is controlled to be 200-300w, and the dispersion time is 40-60min; and the treatment time of the polyvinyl pyrrolidone treatment is 60-90min.

[0014] As a further limitation, the organic solution containing thiol functional groups used in step S1 is dithiocarboxylic acid.

[0015] As a further limitation, in step S2, the functional fiber is one or a combination of cotton fiber, linen fiber, polyester, animal and plant protein fiber, nylon, and modal.

[0016] Beneficial effects: The method for preparing radiation-resistant yarn by ring spinning of the present invention has the advantages of simple process and convenient and quick preparation. The finished yarn has a higher content of silver ions and copper ions, and can give the fabric excellent radiation resistance when combined with carbon fiber. At the same time, by not using a molding method with metal fibers, it avoids the disadvantages of poor washability, heavy weight, poor softness and comfort, and has a better surface feel and excellent washability. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0018] In the following embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as the general understanding of those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the same meaning as the meaning in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted with an idealized or overly formal meaning unless defined as herein.

[0019] Embodiment 1: In this embodiment, an electromagnetic shielding fiber is first provided. The electromagnetic shielding fiber is prepared with carbon fiber as raw material. During its preparation, a silver-plated layer with a thickness of 300 to 500 nm is formed by chemical plating. The silver-plated layer mainly provides highly conductive silver ions for the fiber. This silver-plated layer needs to be treated by thermal oxidation. The silver-plated layer will be slowly oxidized in the air to form silver oxide nanowires, and the reaction occurs:

[0020] 4Ag+O 2 = = Heating = = 2Ag 2 O

[0021] When the temperature exceeds 120℃, the oxidation rate is significantly accelerated, and the reaction is most obvious at 160-180℃. However, after exceeding 180℃, the reaction begins to slow down with the increase of temperature, and when it exceeds 200℃, Ag 2 O will decompose into Ag:

[0022] 2Ag 2 O==200℃ and above==4Ag+O 2

[0023] When relatively complete silver oxide nanowires are grafted onto the surface of carbon fiber, partially oxidized silver oxide composite carbon nanofibers are obtained. The silver oxide composite carbon nanofibers are immersed in a dithiocarboxylic acid solution containing a thiol functional group, and ultrasonic-assisted dispersion is performed for 50 minutes using a 200W ultrasonic-assisted device to complete the reaction. At this time, the thiol group is bonded to the silver ion substrate to form a stable chimeric structure on the carbon fiber. However, in this stable chimeric structure, under the action of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, unoxidized silver is used to make the silver oxide structure continue to grow into a more stable and larger silver oxide structure and maintain stability. The composite material combined with silver oxide and carbon fiber has better stability than the silver-plated carbon fiber, and has better corrosion resistance and weather resistance.

[0024] Under the above conditions, different electromagnetic shielding fibers were prepared with different process conditions, and the electromagnetic shielding fibers were evenly filled in the interlayer of the protective clothing with interlayer, with a filling thickness of 2 mm. The shielding effectiveness (SE) of the protective clothing against electromagnetic waves was tested according to GB / T23463-2009 "Protective clothing for microwave radiation protection". The model without protective clothing was used as the control group to measure the electric field strength E 0 , the electric field strength E was measured using the model wearing protective clothing as the experimental group 1 , and then calculate the shielding effectiveness SE = 20lg (E 0 / E 1 ) to list, the results are as follows:

[0025]

[0026] It can be seen from the above table that with the increase of the thickness of the silver plating layer, the number of silver ions used for conduction in the electromagnetic shielding fiber increases, so the shielding energy efficiency (dB) value of the radiation resistance performance increases significantly, but it is slightly weaker than the silver-plated carbon fiber. This is because the conductivity of elemental silver is slightly greater than the conductivity of silver oxide. As the heat treatment temperature and heat treatment time increase, the shielding energy efficiency of the radiation resistance performance within the selected range can still maintain good stability after multiple washings (reference 10 times) and placement in humid air for 30 days, while the stability of the silver-plated carbon fiber plated with elemental silver is poor.

[0027] However, the electromagnetic shielding fiber prepared in the above embodiment has poor skin-fitting performance and poor comfort, and has the defect of poor secondary processing performance when used directly. It needs to be blended with surface materials to improve its comfort and secondary processing performance.

[0028] The process is as follows:

[0029] In the fifth embodiment:

[0030] 18wt% of electromagnetic shielding fiber, 50wt% of cotton fiber, and 32wt% of functional fiber are selected, wherein the functional fiber comprises cotton fiber and flax fiber in a mass ratio of 1:1, the electromagnetic shielding fiber and cotton fiber are mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1, and then subjected to cotton opening, cleaning and carding processes to obtain cotton / electromagnetic shielding fiber sliver, and then the remaining cotton fiber is mixed with the functional fiber and subjected to cotton opening, cleaning and carding processes to obtain cotton / functional fiber sliver;

[0031] Then the cotton / electromagnetic shielding fiber sliver and the cotton / functional fiber sliver are mixed and then a sliver is obtained after the mixing. The sliver is sequentially subjected to a roving process, a spinning process and a winding process to obtain a finished yarn. After being made into a fabric, the finished yarn has better secondary processing ability, skin-friendliness and water permeability. At the same time, the shielding energy efficiency is 26.14 under 30MHz radiation, 32.15 under 100MHz radiation, and 38.22 under 500MHz radiation. It can be used to prepare T-shirts, shorts and other clothing.

[0032] In embodiment six:

[0033] 20wt% of electromagnetic shielding fiber, 55wt% of cotton fiber, and 25wt% of functional fiber are selected, wherein the functional fiber comprises cotton fiber and soybean protein fiber in a mass ratio of 3:1, the electromagnetic shielding fiber and cotton fiber are mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1, and then subjected to cotton opening, cleaning and combing processes to obtain cotton / electromagnetic shielding fiber sliver, and then the remaining cotton fiber is mixed with the functional fiber and subjected to cotton opening, cleaning and combing processes to obtain cotton / functional fiber sliver;

[0034] Then the cotton / electromagnetic shielding fiber sliver and the cotton / functional fiber sliver are mixed and then a sliver is obtained after the mixing. The sliver is sequentially subjected to a roving process, a spinning process and a winding process to obtain a finished yarn. After being made into a fabric, the finished yarn has better secondary processing ability, excellent skin affinity and antibacterial and antibacterial effects. At the same time, the shielding energy efficiency is 26.38 under 30MHz radiation, 33.27 under 100MHz radiation, and 38.92 under 500MHz radiation. It can be used to prepare underwear, panties and other clothing.

[0035] In embodiment seven:

[0036] 23wt% of electromagnetic shielding fiber, 60wt% of cotton fiber and 27wt% of functional fiber are selected, wherein the functional fiber comprises polyester, nylon and modal in a mass ratio of 3:1:1, the electromagnetic shielding fiber and cotton fiber are mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1, and then subjected to cotton opening, cleaning and combing processes to obtain cotton / electromagnetic shielding fiber sliver, and then the remaining cotton fiber is mixed with the functional fiber and subjected to cotton opening, cleaning and combing processes to obtain cotton / functional fiber sliver;

[0037] Then the cotton / electromagnetic shielding fiber sliver and the cotton / functional fiber sliver are mixed and then a sliver is obtained after the mixing. The sliver is sequentially subjected to a roving process, a spun yarn process and a winding process to obtain a finished yarn. After being made into a fabric, the finished yarn has better secondary processing ability, better elasticity, air permeability and quick-drying property. At the same time, the shielding energy efficiency is 27.30 under 30MHz radiation, 33.92 under 100MHz radiation, and 39.17 under 500MHz radiation. It can be used to prepare clothing such as training clothes and yoga clothes.

[0038] In the eighth embodiment:

[0039] 25wt% of electromagnetic shielding fiber, 55wt% of cotton fiber, and 20wt% of functional fiber are selected, wherein the functional fiber is polyester, and the electromagnetic shielding fiber and cotton fiber are mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1, and then subjected to the processes of opening, cleaning and combing to obtain cotton / electromagnetic shielding fiber sliver, and then the remaining cotton fiber is mixed with the functional fiber, and subjected to the processes of opening, cleaning and combing to obtain cotton / functional fiber sliver;

[0040] Then the cotton / electromagnetic shielding fiber sliver and the cotton / functional fiber sliver are mixed and then a sliver is obtained after the mixing. The sliver is sequentially subjected to a roving process, a spinning process and a winding process to obtain a finished yarn. After being made into a fabric, the finished yarn has better secondary processing ability, better protection and quick drying properties. At the same time, the shielding energy efficiency is 28.66 under 30MHz radiation, 35.22 under 100MHz radiation, and 41.07 under 500MHz radiation. It can be used to prepare the inner interlayer of coats, sleeping bags, assault jackets, etc.

[0041] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preparing radiation-resistant yarn by ring spinning, characterized in that: The specific steps include the following: S1 Preparation of electromagnetic shielding fiber: using carbon fiber as raw material, forming a silver-plated layer on the surface of the carbon fiber by chemical plating, treating the surface silver-plated layer by thermal oxidation to obtain partially oxidized silver oxide composite carbon nanofibers on the surface of the carbon fiber, immersing the silver oxide composite carbon nanofibers in an organic solution containing a thiol functional group for ultrasonic-assisted dispersion, and then treating with polyvinyl pyrrolidone to obtain the electromagnetic shielding fiber; S2: selecting the electromagnetic shielding fiber, cotton fiber and functional fiber prepared in step S1 by weight percentage, wherein the weight percentage of each component is: 18-25% for electromagnetic shielding fiber, 50-60% for cotton fiber, and the remainder for functional fiber; mixing the electromagnetic shielding fiber and cotton fiber in a weight ratio of 3:1-2:1, and subjecting the mixture to cotton opening, cleaning and combing steps to obtain cotton / electromagnetic shielding fiber sliver, and then mixing the remainder of cotton fiber with functional fiber, and subjecting the mixture to cotton opening, cleaning and combing steps to obtain cotton / functional fiber sliver; S3 mixes the cotton / electromagnetic shielding fiber slivers with the cotton / functional fiber slivers, and obtains the slivers after mixing, and sequentially subjecting the slivers to the roving process, the spun yarn process and the winding process to obtain the radiation-resistant yarn.

2. The method for preparing radiation-resistant yarn by ring spinning according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the carbon fiber surface is subjected to chemical silver plating in step S1, the thickness of the silver plating layer is 300-500 nm.

3. The method for preparing radiation-resistant yarn by ring spinning according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the surface silver-plated layer is treated by thermal oxidation in step S1, the thermal oxidation temperature is controlled to be 160-180° C., and the reaction treatment is performed for 20-30 minutes.

4. The method for preparing radiation-resistant yarn by ring spinning according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the fineness of the cotton / electromagnetic shielding fiber sliver is 4.55-4.75 dtex, and the fineness of the cotton / functional fiber sliver is 6.55-6.85 dtex.

5. The method for preparing radiation-resistant yarn by ring spinning according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, during the ultrasonic assisted dispersion, the ultrasonic power is controlled to be 200-300w, and the dispersion time is 40-60min; and the treatment time of the polyvinyl pyrrolidone treatment is 60-90min.

6. The method for preparing radiation-resistant yarn by ring spinning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic solution containing thiol functional groups used in step S1 is dithiocarboxylic acid.

7. The method for preparing radiation-resistant yarn by ring spinning according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the functional fiber is one or a combination of cotton fiber, linen fiber, polyester, animal and plant protein fiber, nylon, and modal.

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