A movable traction hip joint external fixator

Abstract

The present invention discloses a movable traction hip joint external fixator, comprising an ilium fixation unit, a femoral fixation unit and a middle rod, wherein the ilium fixation unit is connected to the middle rod via a hinge movable part; the femoral fixation unit is connected to the middle rod via a slide rail movable part; the ilium fixation unit comprises an iliac crest fixation module and an anterior inferior iliac spine fixation module, and the femoral fixation unit comprises a femoral fixation module. The movable traction hip joint external fixator provided by the present invention restores and controls the eccentricity of the femoral head and resists the tendency of the femoral head to be subluxated by arranging the fixing units on the ilium and the femur respectively; reduces the force on the femoral head and corrects limb shortening by traction on the femur; tractions the severely dislocated femoral head to a level close to the acetabulum, and even resets the femoral head, and can improve the safety of hip replacement surgery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of orthopedic fixation frame instruments, and in particular to a movable traction hip joint external fixation frame. Background Art

[0002] In current orthopedic clinical treatment, if patients have malreduction after femoral neck or femoral head fracture, the weight-bearing trabeculae in the femoral head will turn after healing, the load-bearing stress in the weight-bearing area will decrease, and stress damage will occur. The patient will not feel uncomfortable during the rehabilitation process, but after walking with weight in rehabilitation, secondary femoral head necrosis or cartilage damage will often occur. Long-term alcohol poisoning or the use of glucocorticoids can also lead to femoral head necrosis. On the other hand, children may suffer from femoral head epiphysis necrosis during their growth period, also known as childhood femoral head necrosis. Femoral head necrosis caused by the above reasons, especially in young patients, often requires hip preservation treatment, mainly based on core decompression, osteochondral repair and reconstruction, etc. During the treatment and rehabilitation process, on the one hand, it is necessary to reduce the pressure on the femoral head to prevent further collapse of the femoral head and gain time for osteochondral repair; on the other hand, it is necessary to prevent the femoral head from protruding out of the acetabulum, restore and maintain the normal alignment between the femoral head and the acetabulum, and control the eccentricity; on the other hand, the hip joint needs to be regularly and moderately moved to prevent joint adhesion or even stiffness. However, there are currently no devices and technologies that can achieve the above goals.

[0003] In addition, severe congenital acetabular dysplasia can cause complete dislocation of the femoral head and severe shortening of the limbs. It is difficult to reposition the femoral head without subtrochanteric osteotomy during artificial joint replacement. However, the operation is difficult and causes great damage, and complications such as neurovascular injury are prone to occur. It has been reported in the literature that the femoral head can be pulled close to the level of the acetabulum before surgery by means of lower limb traction, which will greatly reduce the difficulty and risk of surgery and improve the safety of treatment. However, the current traction device requires patients to stay in bed for a long time, has poor controllability, is difficult to care for, and may even lead to complications such as hip stiffness and bedsores, and has poor feasibility. If traction is performed by a movable traction hip joint external fixator before surgery, the patient can walk with crutches, and the traction is more direct and powerful, achieving the above goals while avoiding corresponding complications. However, there are currently no devices and technologies that can achieve the above goals.

[0004] Therefore, a movable traction hip joint external fixator is needed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention is to solve the above problems in the prior art and provides a movable traction hip joint external fixator.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A movable traction hip joint external fixator, characterized in that it comprises an iliac fixation unit, a femoral fixation unit and a middle rod, wherein the iliac fixation unit is connected to the middle rod through a hinge movable part; the femoral fixation unit is connected to the middle rod through a slide rail movable part;

[0008] The iliac bone fixation unit includes an iliac crest fixation module and an anterior inferior iliac spine fixation module, the tail end of the rod of the anterior inferior iliac spine fixation module is connected to the middle of the rod of the iliac crest fixation module; the heads of the iliac crest fixation module and the anterior inferior iliac spine fixation module are each provided with at least one bone screw fixation element; the femoral fixation unit includes a femoral fixation module, and the femoral fixation module is provided with at least one bone screw fixation element;

[0009] A hinge movable part, used to make the femoral fixation unit rotate relative to the iliac fixation unit;

[0010] The slide rail movable component is used to enable the femoral fixation unit to move in the vertical direction relative to the middle rod.

[0011] Furthermore, at least one first bone screw is disposed on the iliac crest fixation module; the iliac crest fixation module is fixed to the iliac crest portion of the ilium through the at least one first bone screw.

[0012] Furthermore, at least one second bone screw is arranged on the anterior inferior iliac spine fixation module; the anterior inferior iliac spine fixation module is fixed to the anterior inferior iliac spine part of the ilium through the at least one second bone screw.

[0013] Furthermore, at least one third bone screw is provided on the femoral fixation module; the femoral fixation module is fixed to the femoral trunk of the femur and / or an end away from the femoral head by the at least one third bone screw.

[0014] Furthermore, the slide rail movable component includes a slide rail and a slider matching the slide rail; the slide rail is arranged at the lower part of the middle rod, and the slider is fixed on the slide rail so as to be movable up and down, and is fastened to the slide rail by a first screw.

[0015] Furthermore, a groove for placing the lower part of the slider is provided at one end of the femoral fixation module close to the movable part of the slide rail; at least one limiting groove is provided on a pair of side walls of the groove, at least one second screw is provided in at least one limiting groove, and the slider is fixed in the groove by the at least one second screw;

[0016] A fastening screw is arranged on the other side wall of the groove, and the fastening screw is used for tightening so that the femoral fixing unit is fastened relative to the sliding block in a direction close to the femur.

[0017] Furthermore, the connection groove and the connection tenon match each other and both have a matching screw hole extending therethrough;

[0018] A screw can be fixed in the screw hole to firmly connect the connecting groove and the connecting tenon.

[0019] Furthermore, the connecting plate is fixed to the inner ring of the bearing, and an angle dial is fixed on the connecting plate; the connecting rod is fixed to the outer ring of the bearing, and a pointer is fixed on the connecting rod, and the pointer and the axis of the connecting rod are located on the same horizontal plane.

[0020] Furthermore, the movable axis of the femoral fixation unit rotating relative to the iliac fixation unit through the hinge movable part is on the same horizontal plane as the center line of the femur; the hinge movable part is directly opposite to the hip joint position where the ilium and femur are connected.

[0021] The present invention adopts the above technical solution, which has the following technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0022] The present invention provides a movable traction hip joint external fixator, which is fixed to the ilium and femur respectively by bone screws. The bone screws are respectively driven into the iliac crest, the anterior inferior iliac spine, the femoral trunk and the distal end of the femoral head of the ilium to make the fixation of the external fixator more stable. The traction of the slide rail movable part can reduce the force on the femoral head and correct the shortening of the limbs. The fixation module can restore and control the eccentricity of the femoral head and resist the tendency of the femoral head to be subluxated. The hinge movable part allows the hip joint to perform uniplane flexion and extension activities under the premise of maintaining traction and eccentricity, thereby preventing adhesion or even stiffness of the hip joint. For patients with severe congenital hip dislocation, the hip joint can be tractioned to correct the shortening of the limbs, and the severely dislocated femoral head can be pulled to a level close to the acetabulum or even reset, thereby avoiding subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy, reducing the pain of the patients and improving the safety of hip replacement surgery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the hip joint external fixator provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the use of the hip joint external fixator provided by the present invention in fixing the hip;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic side view of the structure of the hinge movable component in the hip joint external fixator provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a side view schematic diagram of the hinge movable part in the hip joint external fixator provided by the present invention when it moves;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the side view structure of the dial and pointer of the hinge movable part in the hip joint external fixator provided by the present invention;

[0028] Wherein: 1-iliac fixation unit, 2-hinge movable part, 3-slide rail sliding part, 4-femoral fixation unit, 5-middle rod, 6-ilium, 7-femur, 11-iliac crest fixation module, 12-rod, 13-first bone screw, 14-anterior inferior iliac spine fixation module, 15-second bone screw, 21-bearing, 22-connecting plate, 23-connecting rod, 24-connecting tenon, 25-connecting groove, 26-screw hole, 31-slide rail, 32-sliding block, 33-first screw, 34-slide groove, 35-second screw, 36-fastening screw, 41-femoral fixation module, 42-third bone screw, 61-iliac crest, 62-anterior inferior iliac spine, 71-femoral head, 72-femoral trunk. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention is described in detail and specifically by specific examples below to provide a better understanding of the present invention, but the following examples do not limit the scope of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that the present invention relates to the field of orthopedic medical devices. Since the human hip bones are complex and have certain differences, the accompanying drawings are only structural diagrams. In practical applications, they need to be adjusted according to the actual bone structure, which does not affect the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0031] like Figure 1 The present invention provides a movable traction hip joint external fixator, comprising an iliac bone fixation unit 1, a femoral bone fixation unit 4 and a middle rod 5, wherein the iliac bone fixation unit 1 is connected to the middle rod 5 via a hinge movable part 2; the femoral bone fixation unit 4 is connected to the middle rod 5 via a slide rail movable part 3;

[0032] The iliac bone fixation unit includes an iliac crest fixation module 11 and an anterior inferior iliac spine fixation module 14, the tail end of the rod of the anterior inferior iliac spine fixation module 14 is connected to the middle of the rod 12 of the iliac crest fixation module 11; the heads of the iliac crest fixation module 11 and the anterior inferior iliac spine fixation module 14 are each provided with at least one bone screw fixation element; the femoral fixation unit 4 includes a femoral fixation module 41, and the femoral fixation module 41 is provided with at least one bone screw fixation element;

[0033] A hinge movable part 2, used to enable the femoral fixation unit 4 to rotate relative to the iliac fixation unit 1;

[0034] The slide rail movable component 3 is used to enable the femoral fixation unit 4 to move in the vertical direction relative to the middle rod 5.

[0035] At least one first bone screw 13 is disposed on the iliac crest fixing module 11 ; the iliac crest fixing module 11 is fixed to the iliac crest 61 of the ilium 6 by the at least one first bone screw 13 .

[0036] At least one second bone screw 15 is disposed on the anterior inferior iliac spine fixing module 14 ; the anterior inferior iliac spine fixing module 14 is fixed to the anterior inferior iliac spine 62 of the ilium 6 by the at least one second bone screw 15 .

[0037] At least one third bone screw 42 is disposed on the femoral fixation module 41 , and the femoral fixation module 41 is fixed to the femoral trunk 72 of the femur 7 and to one end away from the femoral head 71 by the at least one third bone screw 42 .

[0038] By respectively driving bone screws into the iliac crest 61, the anterior inferior iliac spine 62, the femoral trunk 72 and the end away from the femoral head 71, the fixation of the iliac fixation unit 1 and the femoral fixation unit 4 is made tighter. Among them, bone screws can be driven into one of the iliac crest 61 and the anterior inferior iliac spine 62, or bone screws can be driven into both places and used in combination, and the technical effect of fixing the iliac fixation unit 1 can be achieved.

[0039] The slide rail movable component 3 includes a slide rail 31 and a slider 32 matching the slide rail; the slide rail 31 is arranged at the lower part of the middle rod 5, and the slider 32 is fixed on the slide rail 31 so as to be movable up and down, and is fastened to the slide rail 31 by a first screw 33.

[0040] A groove for placing the lower part of the slider 32 is provided at one end of the femoral fixation module 41 close to the slide rail movable part 3; at least one limiting groove 34 is provided on a pair of side walls of the groove, at least one second screw 35 is provided in at least one limiting groove 34, and the slider 32 is fixed in the groove by the at least one second screw 35;

[0041] A fastening screw 36 is disposed on the other side wall of the groove, and the fastening screw 36 is used to tighten the femoral fixing unit 4 to be fastened relative to the sliding block 32 in a direction close to the femur 6 .

[0042] When adjustment is needed to give the femoral fixation unit 4 a traction force away from the ilium fixation unit 1, it is only necessary to loosen the fastening screw 36 and push the slider 32 along the slide rail 31 toward the end away from the ilium fixation unit 1. The femoral fixation unit 4 can be adjusted downward by a certain appropriate distance so that the external fixation frame has a traction force on the femur 7 in the vertical direction away from the ilium 6, which helps to reduce the pressure on the femoral head 71.

[0043] When it is necessary to adjust the femoral fixation unit 4 toward the femur 7 to adjust and control the femoral eccentricity, it is only necessary to loosen the fastening screw 36 and all the second screws 35, and adjust the femoral fixation module toward the horizontal direction close to the femur. At this time, the second screw 35 moves accordingly in the limiting groove. After the adjustment is completed, tighten all the second screws 35, and then tighten the fastening screw 36, so that the femoral eccentricity can be effectively controlled and restored within a certain range, thereby resisting the tendency of femoral head subluxation.

[0044] like Figure 3 The hinge movable part 2 includes a bearing 21; a connecting plate 22 and a connecting groove 25 extend in parallel from the lower part of the rod 12; a connecting rod 23 and a connecting tenon 24 extend in parallel from the upper part of the middle rod 5; the connecting plate 22 and the connecting rod 23 match and are connected through the bearing 21.

[0045] Patients with femoral head dislocation are different from patients with femoral fracture. During the rehabilitation process, patients with hip dislocation and femoral head necrosis still need to perform certain hip joint activities. Long-term inactivity will cause adhesion or even stiffness of the patient's hip joint, affecting hip movement.

[0046] The connecting groove 25 and the connecting tenon 24 match each other and both have a matching screw hole 26 extending therethrough; a screw can be fixed in the screw hole 26 to securely connect the connecting groove 24 and the connecting tenon 25 .

[0047] The connecting groove 25 and the connecting tenon 24 are fixed by screws, so that the ilium fixing unit 1 is fixed to the slide rail movable component 3 and the femoral fixing unit 4. When joint exercise activities are needed, such as at noon or in the evening every day, the screws can be loosened and removed, so that the slide rail movable component 3 and the femoral fixing unit 4 can perform single-plane flexion and extension activities relative to the ilium fixing unit 1 while maintaining traction and femoral eccentricity. The activity time can be set to any time, for example, 15 minutes to one hour. When the exercise activity is over, the patient puts down his thigh to engage the connecting tenon 24 with the connecting groove 25, and then fix the screw in the screw hole 26, so that the slide rail movable component 3 and the femoral fixing unit 4 can be connected and fixed relative to the ilium fixing unit 1.

[0048] like Figure 5 The connecting plate 22 is fixed to the inner ring of the bearing 21, and an angle dial 28 is fixed on the connecting plate 22; the connecting rod 23 is fixed to the outer ring of the bearing 21, and a pointer 27 is fixed on the connecting rod, and the pointer 27 and the axis of the connecting rod 23 are located on the same horizontal plane. Through the angle dial 28 and the pointer 27, the movement of the connecting rod 23 is synchronized with the movement of the pointer 27, so that the angle of the femoral fixation unit 4 and the slide rail movable part 3 relative to the iliac fixation unit 1 can be visually observed, which is conducive to the standardization of hip joint exercise and avoids injuries caused by too large a range of motion.

[0049] The movable axis of the femoral fixation unit 4 rotating relative to the ilium fixation unit 1 through the hinge movable part 2 is on the same horizontal plane as the center line of the femur 6; the hinge movable part 2 is directly opposite to the hip joint position where the ilium 5 and the femur 6 are connected.

[0050] The movable axis of rotation of the femoral fixation unit 4 is placed in the same horizontal plane as the center line of the femur 6 so that the femoral fixation unit 4 can move coaxially when performing single-plane activities relative to the iliac fixation unit 1. The above technical solution can be controlled by intraoperative fluoroscopy.

[0051] During the use of the movable traction hip joint external fixator provided by the present invention, Figure 2 The patient is usually in a supine position, and several small incisions are made on the patient's thigh and ilium. The number of small incisions is based on the number of bone screws used; the size of the small incision is based on the implantation position on the femur and ilium after separating the subcutaneous tissue and muscle. If necessary, intraoperative X-ray transmission is required to assist in the injection of bone screws. The implantation process is to implant the bone screw into the protective sleeve, clip it to the bone surface of the implantation port, and then drill holes in the bone and screw in the screw under X-ray transmission monitoring; after implanting the bone screw, fix the bone screw on the fixation frame, adjust the slide rail movable parts according to the patient's hip dislocation and femoral eccentricity, and adjust the second screw and the fastening screw to pull the femoral fixation unit and control the eccentricity. Through the traction module, the femur is pulled distally to reduce the force on the femoral head and correct limb shortening.

[0052] The installation methods of the bone screws, screws, bearings, slide rails and other components in the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art. The present invention does not focus on the improvement of the installation methods of these components and will not be described here.

[0053] The movable traction hip joint external fixator provided by the present invention restores and controls the eccentricity of the femoral head and resists the tendency of femoral head subluxation through the iliac fixation unit and the femoral fixation unit; through the hinge movable part, the hip joint is allowed to flex and extend in a single plane under the premise of maintaining traction and eccentricity, thereby preventing adhesion or even stiffness of the hip joint; for patients with severe congenital hip dislocation, limb shortening can be corrected through hip traction, and the severely dislocated femoral head can be pulled to a level close to the acetabulum, and even the femoral head can be repositioned, thereby avoiding subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy, reducing patient pain, and improving the safety of hip replacement surgery.

[0054] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but they are only examples, and the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modifications and substitutions made to the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the equalization changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A movable traction hip joint external fixator, characterized in that: It comprises an iliac fixation unit (1), a femoral fixation unit (4) and a middle rod (5), wherein the iliac fixation unit (1) is connected to the middle rod (5) via a hinge movable part (2); and the femoral fixation unit (4) is connected to the middle rod (5) via a slide rail movable part (3); The iliac bone fixation unit comprises an iliac crest fixation module (11) and an anterior inferior iliac spine fixation module (14), wherein the rear end of the rod portion of the anterior inferior iliac spine fixation module (14) is connected to the middle portion of the rod portion (12) of the iliac crest fixation module (11); the heads of the iliac crest fixation module (11) and the anterior inferior iliac spine fixation module (14) are both provided with at least one bone screw fixation element; the femoral fixation unit (4) comprises a femoral fixation module (41), wherein the femoral fixation module (41) is provided with at least one bone screw fixation element; The hinge movable part (2) is used to enable the femoral fixation unit (4) to rotate relative to the iliac fixation unit (1); The slide rail movable component (3) is used to enable the femoral fixation unit (4) to move in a vertical direction relative to the middle rod (5); Wherein, at least one first bone screw (13) is arranged on the head of the iliac crest fixing module (11); the iliac crest fixing module (11) is fixed to the iliac crest (61) part of the ilium (6) by means of the at least one first bone screw (13); Wherein, at least one second bone screw (15) is arranged on the head of the anterior inferior iliac spine fixing module (14); the anterior inferior iliac spine fixing module (14) is fixed to the anterior inferior iliac spine (62) portion of the ilium (6) by means of the at least one second bone screw (15); Wherein, at least one third bone screw (42) is provided on the femoral fixation module (41); the femoral fixation module (41) is fixed to the femoral trunk (72) of the femur (7) and / or to an end away from the femoral head (71) by means of the at least one third bone screw (42); The slide rail movable component (3) comprises a slide rail (31) and a slider (32) matching the slide rail; the slide rail (31) is arranged at the lower part of the middle rod (5); the slider (32) is fixed on the slide rail (31) so as to be movable up and down, and is fastened to the slide rail (31) by a first screw (33); The femoral fixation module (41) is provided with a groove at one end close to the slide rail movable component (3) for accommodating the lower part of the sliding block (32); at least one limiting groove (34) is provided on a pair of side walls of the groove, at least one second screw (35) is arranged in at least one limiting groove (34), and the sliding block (32) is fixed in the groove by means of the at least one second screw (35); A fastening screw (36) is provided on the other side wall of the groove, and the fastening screw (36) is used to be tightened so that the femoral fixation unit (4) is fastened relative to the sliding block (32) in a direction close to the femur (7); The movable axis of the femoral fixation unit (4) rotating relative to the ilium fixation unit (1) via the hinge movable part (2) is on the same horizontal plane as the center line of the femur (7); the hinge movable part (2) is directly opposite to the hip joint position at the connection between the ilium (6) and the femur (7).

2. The hip joint external fixator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hinge movable part (2) comprises a bearing (21); A connecting plate (22) and a connecting groove (25) extend in parallel from the lower part of the rod portion (12); a connecting rod (23) and a connecting tenon (24) extend in parallel from the upper part of the middle rod (5); the connecting plate (22) and the connecting rod (23) match and are connected via the bearing (21).

3. The hip joint external fixator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting groove (25) and the connecting tenon (24) match each other and both have a matching screw hole (26) extending therethrough; A screw can be fixed in the screw hole (26) to securely connect the connecting groove (25) and the connecting tenon (24).

4. The hip joint external fixator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting disk (22) is fixed to the inner ring of the bearing (21), and an angle dial (28) is fixed to the connecting disk (22); the connecting rod (23) is fixed to the outer ring of the bearing (21), and a pointer (27) is fixed to the connecting rod, and the pointer (27) and the axis of the connecting rod (23) are located on the same horizontal plane.

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