Adjustable roadbed shock-absorbing ditch test device and shock-absorbing effect test method of the device

Abstract

The present invention discloses an adjustable roadbed shock-absorbing ditch test device and a shock-absorbing effect test method of the device. The whole test device is formed by combining a soil foundation forming mold, a roadbed forming mold, an assembled shock-absorbing ditch forming mold, an adjustable truss and a multifunctional vibration exciter thereon. Through the changes in the parameters of each mold and the exciter, a sensor is used to collect vibration velocity and acceleration data of each situation, a series of test data is formed and the data is analyzed, which effectively solves the shortcomings of the vibration-absorbing ditch similar model device at the indoor test research level. By simulating the filling, compaction and shock-absorbing process of the fill roadbed, the characteristics of the roadbed vibration propagation path, the attenuation law and the shock-absorbing effect of the shock-absorbing ditch are analyzed, which is of great significance for controlling the compaction vibration and ensuring the stability of the short-distance structure during the roadbed filling process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an adjustable roadbed shock-absorbing groove test device and a shock-absorbing effect test method of the device, belonging to the technical field of road engineering construction. Background Art

[0002] Since the 21st century, the scale and speed of highway construction in my country have developed rapidly. By the end of 2019, my country's highways had reached 5.0125 million kilometers, ranking first in the world. With the development of my country's economy, the demand for transportation in various industries has continued to increase. In densely populated areas, the road network is dense and partially saturated. Traffic management and planning departments have to turn their attention to underground transportation methods, or expand and reconstruct the existing road network to meet the needs of the people. The reconstruction and expansion of highways involve the demolition and relocation of shortcut structures, which requires a lot of manpower and material resources. In order to adapt to the increasing number of highway reconstruction and expansion, shock-absorbing trenches and other methods have emerged to control vibration propagation and ensure the stability of shortcut structures.

[0003] The main function of the shock-absorbing ditch is to reduce the vibration generated during the compaction of the roadbed. The shock-absorbing effect of the shock-absorbing ditch under different working conditions cannot be generalized, and targeted research and evaluation are required. At present, there are few studies on shock-absorbing ditch, especially the similar tests of the existing shock-absorbing ditch cannot meet the needs of changing the size of the shock-absorbing ditch, the cross-section of the roadbed, and applying mobile vibration loads.

[0004] Therefore, this patent provides an adjustable roadbed shock-absorbing ditch test device and a shock-absorbing effect test method of the device, thereby conducting a feasibility test on the shock-absorbing benefit of the shock-absorbing ditch, and being able to study the shock-absorbing effect of the shock-absorbing ditch under different working conditions. While ensuring the stability of the shortcut structure, the optimal shock-absorbing ditch size that meets the site is given, providing guidance and basis for on-site construction. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention proposes an adjustable roadbed shock-absorbing ditch test device and a shock-absorbing effect test method of the device, which effectively solves the deficiencies of the similar model device of the shock-absorbing ditch at the indoor test research level. By simulating the filling, compaction and shock-absorbing process of the embankment roadbed, the roadbed vibration propagation path characteristics, attenuation laws and shock-absorbing effect of the shock-absorbing ditch are analyzed, which is of great significance for controlling compaction vibration and ensuring the stability of the short-distance structure during the roadbed filling process.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0007] The adjustable roadbed shock-absorbing ditch test device comprises a soil foundation forming mold, a roadbed forming mold which can be detachably positioned on the soil foundation forming mold and has an adjustable cross-section, an assembled shock-absorbing ditch forming mold which is set on the soil foundation forming mold and is located on the side of the roadbed forming mold, and an adjustable truss which straddles the roadbed forming mold and can be vertically adjusted, wherein the soil foundation forming mold has a function of controlling the height of the filling material therein, controlling the height of the bottom of the assembled shock-absorbing ditch forming mold, and adjusting the height of the assembled shock-absorbing ditch forming mold and the roadbed forming mold. Electroplating scale lines are used to control the spacing between the molding dies; the roadbed forming mold is provided with speed sensor and acceleration sensor installation positions on the path from the top vertically to the soil foundation forming mold, around the assembled shock-absorbing ditch forming mold, and on the horizontal position of the side of the roadbed forming mold, for installing speed sensor and acceleration sensor; the adjustable truss is provided with a multifunctional vibration exciter which can be movably positioned and has adjustable frequency and load value along the axial direction of the roadbed forming mold, and the multifunctional vibration exciter vibrates and loads the road surface of the roadbed forming mold.

[0008] Furthermore, the soil foundation forming mold is mainly composed of two vertically and parallel soil foundation main panels, soil foundation side panels positioned at both ends of the soil foundation main panels, and filling materials in the space enclosed by the soil foundation main panels and the soil foundation side panels. The soil foundation main panels have positioning slots for positioning the roadbed forming mold.

[0009] Furthermore, the roadbed forming mold includes roadbed side panels on both sides, roadbed main panels at both ends, and filling materials in the space enclosed by the roadbed side panels and the roadbed main panels, wherein the roadbed side panels are fitted with the ends of the roadbed main panels, and the cross-section of the roadbed forming mold and the roadbed main panels are both trapezoidal structures or tower structures.

[0010] Furthermore, the roadbed side panel includes a horizontally arranged roadbed side panel hinge seat, and roadbed side panel components respectively hinged on both sides of the roadbed side panel hinge seat.

[0011] When the two roadbed side panel components are arranged in parallel at the same side of the roadbed side panel hinge seat, the roadbed side panel cooperates with the end of the roadbed main panel with a trapezoidal structure;

[0012] When the two roadbed side panel components are arranged in parallel at different sides of the roadbed side panel hinge seat, the roadbed side panel cooperates with the end of the roadbed main panel with a tower structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the assembled shock-absorbing groove forming mold includes four end head components, a non-negative integer number of L-shaped components, and a top-opening groove structure formed by connecting a non-negative integer number of plate-type components through fasteners and fastener bolts, wherein the end head components are respectively formed vertically as one piece by the ends of three profiles, the L-shaped components are respectively formed vertically as one piece by the ends of two profiles, and the plate-type components are formed by one profile.

[0014] Furthermore, the assembled shock-absorbing groove forming mold includes the following two structures:

[0015] One structure: a single-layer groove structure composed of four end head assemblies and a non-negative integer number of L-shaped assemblies, wherein the four adjacent assemblies in the end head assembly and the L-shaped assembly are connected together by the fastener and the fastener bolts;

[0016] The second structure: a bottom groove structure formed by combining four of the end head components and a non-negative integer number of the L-shaped components, and at least one layer of groove wall structure formed by combining four of the L-shaped components and a non-negative integer number of the plate-type components. The bottom groove structure and the groove wall structure are fixedly connected together, and the four adjacent components among the end head component, the L-shaped component and the plate-type component are connected together by the fasteners and fastener bolts.

[0017] Furthermore, a number of hollow cylinders with pre-tapped threads are distributed on the inner side walls of the end assembly, L-shaped assembly, and plate-type assembly. The fastener is a groove-shaped structure that can accommodate and position four hollow cylinders with pre-tapped threads. The four components are respectively matched with the fastener through the hollow cylinders with pre-tapped threads thereon, and are fastened and fixed by the fastener bolts.

[0018] Furthermore, the adjustable truss includes a base respectively arranged on both sides of the soil foundation forming mold, a column positioned on the base, a column slide groove vertically arranged on the column, a crossbeam arranged above the roadbed forming mold and with both ends vertically sliding on the column slide groove, an anti-slip sheet and a locking bolt that can position the crossbeam on the column, and a cross plate fixedly connected to the crossbeam and arranged horizontally, wherein a plurality of T-shaped grooves are arranged on the cross plate, and a T-shaped seat is provided on the top of the multifunctional vibration exciter, and the multifunctional vibration exciter is slidably positioned on the cross plate through the cooperation between the T-shaped groove and the T-shaped seat.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes a signal collector, an oscilloscope, a filter, and a data processing system. The signal collector is used to collect the signals generated by the velocity sensor and the acceleration sensor; the oscilloscope and the filter are used to display the signals generated by the velocity sensor and the acceleration sensor; and the data processing system is used to process the signals generated by the velocity sensor and the acceleration sensor.

[0020] The present invention also discloses a method for testing the shock absorption effect of the above-mentioned adjustable roadbed shock absorption ditch testing device, which comprises the following steps:

[0021] S1. Assemble the soil foundation forming mold, the roadbed forming mold, the assembled shock-absorbing ditch forming mold, the adjustable truss and the multifunctional vibration exciter thereon respectively, and perform combined assembly, install the velocity sensor and the acceleration sensor, and form a complete control system with the signal collector, oscilloscope, filter, and data processing system;

[0022] S2. After adjusting the height of the filling material in the soil foundation forming mold, the bottom height of the assembled shock-absorbing ditch forming mold, the distance between the assembled shock-absorbing ditch forming mold and the roadbed forming mold, the cross-section of the roadbed forming mold, the frequency and load value parameters of the multifunctional vibration exciter, the multifunctional vibration exciter is controlled to perform multi-point or single-point vibration loading on the filled road surface on the roadbed forming mold, and the vibration velocity and acceleration of each point position after the adjustment of each parameter are recorded, displayed and processed.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the entire test device is formed by combining a soil foundation forming mold, a roadbed forming mold, an assembled shock-absorbing ditch forming mold, an adjustable truss and a multifunctional vibration exciter thereon, and through the changes in the parameters of each mold and exciter, the vibration velocity and acceleration data of each situation are collected by using sensors to form a series of test data and perform data analysis, which effectively solves the shortcomings of the vibration-absorbing ditch similar model device at the indoor test research level. By simulating the filling, compaction and shock absorption process of the embankment roadbed, the roadbed vibration propagation path characteristics, attenuation laws and shock absorption effect of the shock-absorbing ditch are analyzed, which is of great significance for controlling the compaction vibration and ensuring the stability of the shortcut structure during the roadbed filling process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a front view of the soil foundation and roadbed assembly forming mold in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Top view of the main panel of the soil foundation;

[0026] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Main view of the main panel of the soil foundation;

[0027] Figure 4 It is an exploded schematic diagram of the roadbed forming mold in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 It is an exploded schematic diagram of another form of the roadbed forming mold in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the assembled shock-absorbing groove forming mold of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Assembly front view of the middle clip and clip bolts;

[0031] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the decomposition of

[0032] Fig. 9 A diagram showing the use status of the test device of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.10 yes Fig. 9 Detailed view of the adjustable truss.

[0034] In the attached drawings, 1-roadbed forming mold, 2-soil foundation forming mold, 3-soil foundation main panel, 4-multifunctional vibration exciter, 5-assembled shock-absorbing groove forming mold, 6-positioning slot, 8-speed sensor and acceleration sensor installation position, 9-electroplating scale line, 10-roadbed side panel, 11-roadbed side panel hinge seat, 12-roadbed main panel, 13-L-shaped component, 14-fastener, 15-fastener bolt, 16-end assembly, 17-hollow cylinder with pre-tapped threads, 18-plate type assembly, 19-soil foundation side panel, 20-base, 21-concrete layer, 22-inner tube with pre-tapped threads, 23-column, 24-cross beam, 25-cross plate, 26-locking bolt, 27-anti-slip sheet, 28-column slide groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0036] A kind of Figure 1-10 The adjustable roadbed shock-absorbing ditch test device comprises a soil foundation forming mold 2, a roadbed forming mold 1 which can be detachably positioned on the soil foundation forming mold 2 and has an adjustable cross-section, an assembled shock-absorbing ditch forming mold 5 which is set on the soil foundation forming mold 2 and is located on the side of the roadbed forming mold 1, and an adjustable truss which straddles the roadbed forming mold 1 and can be vertically adjusted, wherein the soil foundation forming mold 2 has a function of controlling the height of the filling material therein, controlling the height of the bottom of the assembled shock-absorbing ditch forming mold 5, and adjusting the height of the assembled shock-absorbing ditch forming mold 5 and the roadbed. Electroplated scale lines 9 are used to control the spacing between the roadbed forming molds 1; speed sensor and acceleration sensor mounting positions 8 are provided on the path from the top of the roadbed forming mold 1 vertically to the soil foundation forming mold 2, around the assembled shock-absorbing ditch forming mold 5, and on the horizontal position of the side of the roadbed forming mold 1 for installing speed sensors and acceleration sensors; the adjustable truss is provided with a multifunctional vibration exciter 4 which can be movably positioned and has adjustable frequency and load value along the axial direction of the roadbed forming mold 1, and the multifunctional vibration exciter 4 vibrates and loads the road surface of the roadbed forming mold 1.

[0037] The adjustable roadbed shock-absorbing ditch test device also includes a signal collector, an oscilloscope, a filter, and a data processing system. The signal collector is used to collect signals generated by a velocity sensor and an acceleration sensor; the oscilloscope and the filter are used to display the signals generated by the velocity sensor and the acceleration sensor; and the data processing system is used to process the signals generated by the velocity sensor and the acceleration sensor.

[0038] Specifically, Figure 1-3 In the figure, the foundation forming mold 2 is mainly composed of two vertically and parallelly arranged foundation main panels 3, foundation side panels 19 positioned at both ends of the foundation main panels 3, and filling materials in the space enclosed by the foundation main panels 3 and the foundation side panels 19. The foundation main panels 3 and the foundation side panels 19 are fixed by pre-tapped screw holes and set and locked. The foundation main panels 3 have positioning slots 6 for positioning the roadbed forming mold 1. Here, the foundation main panels 3 and the foundation side panels 19 are formed of light hard alloy, and electroplated scale lines 9 are engraved on the inner surfaces of the foundation main panels 3 and the foundation side panels 19 to control the filling height of the foundation filling material and the bottom height of the assembled shock-absorbing groove forming mold 5. No bottom plate is provided on the foundation forming mold 2, which not only reduces the reflected waves caused by the alloy plate, but also facilitates the discharge of the liquid squeezed out during foundation forming. The filling materials are filled in layers during assembly, and the materials can be soil-based materials or substrates to be studied.

[0039] Figure 1 , 4 , 5, the roadbed forming mold 1 includes roadbed side panels 10 on both sides, roadbed main panels 12 at both ends, and filling materials in the space enclosed by the roadbed side panels 10 and the roadbed main panels 12, wherein the roadbed side panels 10 are fitted with the ends of the roadbed main panels 12, and the cross-section of the roadbed forming mold 1 and the roadbed main panels 12 are both trapezoidal structures or tower structures. In this case, the cross-section of the roadbed forming mold 1 is adjustable and adopts two structures, one of which is an isosceles trapezoidal structure, and the other is an isosceles trapezoidal structure. Figure 4 The tower structure in the figure is the plane structure of the main roadbed panel 12. Here, the main roadbed panel 12 and the roadbed side panel 10 are formed by light hard alloy plates.

[0040] The roadbed side panel 10 includes a horizontally arranged roadbed side panel hinge seat 11 and roadbed side panel components respectively hinged on both sides of the roadbed side panel hinge seat 11. The roadbed side panel components can rotate nearly 360 degrees on the roadbed side panel hinge seat 11.

[0041] When the two roadbed side panel components are arranged in parallel at the same side position of the roadbed side panel hinge seat 11, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown, the roadbed side panel 10 cooperates with the end of the roadbed main panel 12 having a trapezoidal structure;

[0042] When the two roadbed side panel components are arranged in parallel at different sides of the roadbed side panel hinge seat 11, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown, the roadbed side panel 10 is matched with the end of the roadbed main panel 12 in a tower-shaped structure, and the tower-shaped structure is formed by stacking two isosceles trapezoids.

[0043] A lug is provided at the lower part of the roadbed main panel 12, and the lug cooperates with the positioning slot 6 on the soil foundation main panel 3 and is fastened and fixed by bolts.

[0044] Figure 6 , 7 In , 8, the assembled shock-absorbing groove forming mold 5 includes a top open groove structure formed by four end components 16, a non-negative integer number of L-shaped components 13, and a non-negative integer number of plate components 18 connected by fasteners 14 and fastener bolts 15, wherein the end components 16 are respectively formed by three profiles with two ends vertically integrated, the L-shaped components 13 are respectively formed by two profiles with ends vertically integrated, and the plate component 18 is formed by one profile. The profiles constituting the end components 16, L-shaped components 13, and plate components 18 can be profiles of the same size or profiles of different sizes. In order to facilitate subsequent assembly, the same profile is used for molding, and the profile is set to be a steel plate. A number of hollow cylinders 17 with pre-tapped threads are distributed on the inner wall of the end components 16, L-shaped components 13, and plate components 18. In order to reduce the manufacturing materials, the hollow cylinders 17 with pre-tapped threads are evenly arranged at the inner edge position of each profile, especially at the corner position. In this example, a hollow cylinder 17 with pre-tapped threads is positioned on each profile by welding.

[0045] The structure of the assembled shock-absorbing groove forming mold 5 can be assembled in various ways, for example:

[0046] Single-layer trough structure: a single-layer trough structure composed of four end components 16 and a non-negative integer number of L-shaped components 13, wherein the end components 16 and the four adjacent components of the L-shaped components 13 are connected together by the fasteners 14 and the fastener bolts 15. Here, the single-layer trough structure can be directly composed of four end components 16 to form a cubic trough structure; or it can be composed of four end components 16 and an even number of L-shaped components 13 to form a rectangular trough structure;

[0047] A multi-layer trough structure with two or more layers: a bottom trough structure formed by four end components 16 and a non-negative integer number of L-shaped components 13, four L-shaped components 13 and a non-negative integer number of plate components 18 form at least one layer of trough wall structure, and then the bottom trough structure and the trough wall structure are fixedly connected together to form a multi-layer trough structure. Similarly, the four adjacent components among the end component 16, the L-shaped component 13 and the plate component 18 are connected together by fasteners 14 and fastener bolts 15.

[0048] For the buckle 14, Figure 7 , 8 As shown, the fastener 14 is a groove-shaped structure that can accommodate and position four hollow cylinders 17 with pre-tapped threads. The groove-shaped structure can be a cube or a rectangular parallelepiped, and can also adopt a special-shaped structure with grooves matching the four hollow cylinders 17 with pre-tapped threads. The four components are respectively matched with the fastener 14 through the hollow cylinders 17 with pre-tapped threads thereon, and are locked and fixed by the fastener bolts 15.

[0049] The assembled damping groove forming mold 5 can be freely assembled and formed according to the test requirements, is flexible and changeable, and can be completed with only a simple assembly wrench, and has low assembly strength.

[0050] Fig. 9 , 10 In the figure, the adjustable truss includes a base 20 respectively arranged on both sides of the soil foundation forming mold 2, a column 23 positioned on the base 20, a column slide 28 vertically arranged on the column 23, a crossbeam 24 arranged above the roadbed forming mold 1 and vertically sliding on the column slide 28 at both ends, an anti-slip sheet 27 and a locking bolt 26 that can position the crossbeam 24 on the column 23, and a cross plate 25 fixedly connected to the crossbeam 24 and horizontally arranged, wherein a plurality of T-shaped grooves are arranged on the cross plate 25, and a T-shaped seat is provided at the top of the multifunctional vibration exciter 4, and the multifunctional vibration exciter 4 is slidably positioned on the cross plate 25 through the cooperation between the T-shaped groove and the T-shaped seat.

[0051] Here, an inner cylinder 22 with pre-tapped threads is arranged in the middle of the base 20, and the column 23 is assembled in the inner cylinder 22 with pre-tapped threads, and a concrete layer 21 is filled between the base 20, the inner cylinder 22 with pre-tapped threads, and the column 23 to stabilize the entire adjustable truss and facilitate the upper and lower movement of the cross beam 24 on the column 23. When moved to the appropriate position, the cross beam 24 is positioned on the column 23 by means of locking bolts 26 and anti-slip sheets 27.

[0052] Similarly, the multifunctional vibration exciter 4 and the horizontal plate 25 are moved and positioned by means of T-shaped grooves and T-shaped seats. Since the horizontal plate 25 is arranged horizontally, the multifunctional vibration exciter 4 can be positioned directly by gravity, which reduces the subsequent test steps and the difficulty of locking. It can also realize vibration testing at any point, which is simple and quick.

[0053] In this case, the soil foundation forming mold 2, the roadbed forming mold 1, the assembled shock-absorbing ditch forming mold 5, the adjustable truss, and the multifunctional vibration exciter 4 are all completely independent of each other, which can reduce the test error caused by the vibration of the adjustable truss when the multifunctional vibration exciter 4 moves.

[0054] Finally, this embodiment discloses a shock-absorbing effect test method of an adjustable roadbed shock-absorbing ditch test device, which includes the following steps:

[0055] S1, respectively assemble the soil foundation forming mold 2, the roadbed forming mold 1, the assembled damping groove forming mold 5, the adjustable truss and the multifunctional vibration exciter 4 thereon, and perform combined assembly, respectively install a velocity sensor and an acceleration sensor on the path from the top of the roadbed forming mold 1 vertically to the soil foundation forming mold 2, around the assembled damping groove forming mold 5, and on the horizontal position of the side of the roadbed forming mold 1 (that is, on the plane where the hinge seat 11 of the roadbed side panel is located), and form a complete control system with the signal collector, oscilloscope, filter, and data processing system;

[0056] S2. After adjusting the height of the filling material in the soil foundation forming mold 2, the bottom height of the assembled shock-absorbing ditch forming mold 5, the distance between the assembled shock-absorbing ditch forming mold 5 and the roadbed forming mold 1, the cross-section of the roadbed forming mold 1, the frequency and load value parameters of the multifunctional vibration exciter 4, the multifunctional vibration exciter 4 is controlled to perform multi-point or single-point vibration loading on the filled road surface on the roadbed forming mold 1, and the vibration velocity and acceleration of each point position after the adjustment of each parameter are recorded, displayed and processed.

[0057] The final test data is tabulated or processed in curve form, which effectively solves the shortcomings of the similar model device of the vibration-damping ditch in the indoor test research level. By simulating the filling, compaction and shock absorption process of the embankment, the characteristics of the roadbed vibration propagation path, the attenuation law and the shock absorption effect of the shock-damping ditch are analyzed, which is of great significance for controlling the compaction vibration and ensuring the stability of the short-distance structure during the roadbed filling process.

[0058] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the embodiments of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only applicable to help understand the principles of the embodiments of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the embodiments of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. Adjustable roadbed shock-absorbing ditch test device, characterized by: The invention comprises a soil foundation forming mold (2), a roadbed forming mold (1) which can be detachably positioned on the soil foundation forming mold (2) and has an adjustable cross-section, an assembled shock-absorbing groove forming mold (5) which is set on the soil foundation forming mold (2) and is located on the side of the roadbed forming mold (1), and an adjustable truss which straddles the roadbed forming mold (1) and can be vertically adjusted, wherein the soil foundation forming mold (2) has a structure which can control the height of the filling material therein, can control the bottom height of the assembled shock-absorbing groove forming mold (5), can adjust the height between the assembled shock-absorbing groove forming mold (5) and the roadbed forming mold (1). The roadbed forming mold (1) is provided with a speed sensor and an acceleration sensor installation position (8) on the path from the top vertically to the soil foundation forming mold (2), around the assembled shock-absorbing groove forming mold (5), and on the horizontal position of the side of the roadbed forming mold (1), for installing the speed sensor and the acceleration sensor; the adjustable truss is provided with a multifunctional vibration exciter (4) that can be moved and positioned and has adjustable frequency and load value along the axial direction of the roadbed forming mold (1), and the multifunctional vibration exciter (4) performs vibration loading on the road surface of the roadbed forming mold (1); The soil foundation forming mold (2) is mainly composed of two soil foundation main panels (3) arranged vertically and in parallel, soil foundation side panels (19) positioned at both ends of the soil foundation main panels (3), and filling materials in the space enclosed by the soil foundation main panels (3) and the soil foundation side panels (19), and the soil foundation main panels (3) are provided with positioning slots (6) for positioning the roadbed forming mold (1); The roadbed forming mold (1) comprises roadbed side panels (10) at both sides, roadbed main panels (12) at both ends, and filling materials in the space enclosed by the roadbed side panels (10) and the roadbed main panels (12), wherein the roadbed side panels (10) are fitted with the ends of the roadbed main panels (12), and the cross-section of the roadbed forming mold (1) and the roadbed main panels (12) are both trapezoidal structures or tower structures; The assembled shock-absorbing groove forming mold (5) comprises a top-opening groove structure formed by connecting and assembling four end head assemblies (16), a non-negative integer number of L-shaped assemblies (13), and a non-negative integer number of plate-shaped assemblies (18) through a fastener (14) and a fastener bolt (15), wherein the end head assemblies (16) are respectively formed by vertically integrating the ends of three profiles, the L-shaped assemblies (13) are respectively formed by vertically integrating the ends of two profiles, and the plate-shaped assemblies (18) are formed by one profile; The adjustable truss comprises a base (20) respectively arranged on both sides of the soil foundation forming mold (2), a column (23) positioned on the base (20), a column slide groove (28) vertically arranged on the column (23), a crossbeam (24) arranged above the roadbed forming mold (1) and having two ends vertically sliding on the column slide groove (28), an anti-slip sheet (27) and a locking bolt (26) that can position the crossbeam (24) on the column (23), and a horizontally arranged cross plate (25) fixedly connected to the crossbeam (24), wherein the cross plate (25) is provided with a plurality of T-shaped grooves, and the top of the multifunctional vibration exciter (4) has a T-shaped seat, and the multifunctional vibration exciter (4) is slidably positioned on the cross plate (25) through the cooperation between the T-shaped groove and the T-shaped seat.

2. The adjustable roadbed vibration ditch test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The roadbed side panel (10) comprises a horizontally arranged roadbed side panel hinge seat (11), and roadbed side panel components respectively hinged on both sides of the roadbed side panel hinge seat (11). When the two roadbed side panel components are arranged in parallel at the same side of the roadbed side panel hinge seat (11), the roadbed side panel (10) cooperates with the end of the roadbed main panel (12) with a trapezoidal structure; When the two roadbed side panel components are arranged in parallel at different sides of the roadbed side panel hinge seat (11), the roadbed side panel (10) cooperates with the end of the roadbed main panel (12) in a tower structure.

3. The adjustable roadbed vibration ditch test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The assembled shock-absorbing groove forming mold (5) comprises the following two structures: One structure: a single-layer groove structure is formed by combining four end head assemblies (16) and a non-negative integer number of L-shaped assemblies (13), wherein the four adjacent assemblies in the end head assemblies (16) and the L-shaped assemblies (13) are connected together by the fasteners (14) and the fastener bolts (15); The second structure is: a bottom groove structure formed by combining four end head components (16) and a non-negative integer number of L-shaped components (13); four L-shaped components (13) and a non-negative integer number of plate-shaped components (18) form at least one layer of groove wall structure; the bottom groove structure and the groove wall structure are fixedly connected together; the four adjacent components among the end head component (16), the L-shaped component (13) and the plate-shaped component (18) are connected together by the fastener (14) and the fastener bolt (15).

4. The adjustable roadbed vibration ditch test device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A plurality of hollow cylinders (17) with pre-tapped threads are distributed on the inner side walls of the end head component (16), the L-shaped component (13), and the plate-shaped component (18); the fastener (14) is a groove-shaped structure capable of accommodating and positioning four hollow cylinders (17) with pre-tapped threads; the four components are respectively matched with the fastener (14) through the hollow cylinders (17) with pre-tapped threads thereon, and are locked and fixed by the fastener bolts (15).

5. The adjustable roadbed vibration ditch test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a signal collector, an oscilloscope, a filter, and a data processing system. The signal collector is used to collect the signals generated by the velocity sensor and the acceleration sensor; the oscilloscope and the filter are used to display the signals generated by the velocity sensor and the acceleration sensor; and the data processing system is used to process the signals generated by the velocity sensor and the acceleration sensor.

6. The shock absorption effect test method of the adjustable roadbed shock absorption ditch test device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The steps include: S1, assembling the soil foundation forming mold (2), the roadbed forming mold (1), the assembled shock-absorbing groove forming mold (5), the adjustable truss and the multifunctional vibration exciter (4) thereon respectively, and performing combined assembly, installing the velocity sensor and the acceleration sensor, and forming a complete control system with the signal collector, the oscilloscope, the filter, and the data processing system; S2. After adjusting the height of the filling material in the soil foundation forming mold (2), the bottom height of the assembled shock-absorbing ditch forming mold (5), the distance between the assembled shock-absorbing ditch forming mold (5) and the roadbed forming mold (1), the cross-section of the roadbed forming mold (1), the frequency and load value parameters of the multifunctional vibration exciter (4), the multifunctional vibration exciter (4) is controlled to perform multi-point vibration loading on the filling road surface on the roadbed forming mold (1), and the vibration speed and acceleration of each point position after the adjustment of each parameter are recorded, displayed and processed.

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