Metal mesh touch electrode with visibility reduction measures

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to metal mesh touch electrodes with visibility reduction measures. This document relates to using one or more reduction techniques to reduce the visibility of metal mesh touch electrodes. In some examples, the boundary between touch electrodes and / or the boundary between the wiring trace of a touch electrode and another touch electrode and / or the boundary between two wiring traces may be non-linear. In some examples, a virtual cutout may be formed in the area of ​​the touch electrode area (e.g., while maintaining the same potential of the touch electrode area). In some examples, a notch may be formed in the metal mesh. In some examples, the position of the cutout and / or notch may be optimized to reduce the visibility of the metal mesh. In some examples, some or all of the visibility reduction measures may be combined for use in a touch screen.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 879,405, filed on July 26, 2019, under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e), the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to touch sensor panels, and more particularly to touch sensor panels including metal mesh touch electrodes and techniques for reducing the visibility of the metal mesh touch electrodes. Background Art

[0004] Many types of input devices are currently available for performing operations in a computing system, such as buttons or keys, mice, trackballs, joysticks, touch sensor panels, touch screens, and the like. In particular, touch screens are popular for their simplicity and flexibility in operation and their ever-decreasing prices. A touch screen may include a touch sensor panel and a display device such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display, or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, the touch sensor panel being a transparent panel having a touch-sensitive surface, the display device being partially or completely positioned behind the panel so that the touch-sensitive surface may cover at least a portion of the visible area of ​​the display device. A touch screen may allow a user to perform various functions by touching the touch sensor panel at a location generally indicated by a user interface (UI) displayed by a display device using a finger, a stylus, or other object. In general, a touch screen may identify a touch and the location of the touch on the touch sensor panel, and the computing system may then interpret the touch according to the display content that appears when the touch occurs, and may then perform one or more actions based on the touch. For some touch sensing systems, a physical touch on the display is not required to detect a touch. For example, in some capacitive touch sensing systems, the fringing electric field used to detect touch may extend beyond the surface of the display, and objects approaching the surface may be detected as being near the surface without actually contacting the surface.

[0005] Capacitive touch sensor panels can be formed from a matrix of partially or fully transparent or non-transparent conductive plates (e.g., touch electrodes) made of materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO). In some examples, the conductive plates can be formed from other materials, including conductive polymers, metal meshes, graphene, nanowires (e.g., silver nanowires), or nanotubes (e.g., carbon nanotubes). As described above, in part because they are substantially transparent, some capacitive touch sensor panels can be overlaid on a display to form a touch screen. Some touch screens can be formed by partially integrating touch sensing circuitry into the display pixel stack structure (i.e., the stacked material layers that form the display pixels). Summary of the invention

[0006] The present disclosure relates to a touch sensor panel including a metal grid touch electrode and a technique for reducing the visibility of the metal grid touch electrode. The metal grid touch electrode may be formed in a metal grid layer, and the boundary between adjacent electrodes may be defined by a cutout (also referred to herein as an electrical interruption) in the metal grid. In some examples, the metal grid touch electrode may be visible to a user when the display is turned on and / or off. In order to reduce the visibility of the metal grid touch electrode, in some examples, the boundary between the touch electrodes may be nonlinear (wherein the electrical interruption in the metal grid advances along the boundary in a nonlinear pattern). In some examples, the boundary between the wiring trace of the touch electrode and another touch electrode and / or the boundary between two wiring traces may be similarly nonlinear. In some examples, a virtual cutout (electrical interruption in the metal grid) may be formed in the area of ​​the touch electrode area (e.g., while maintaining the same potential of the touch electrode area). In some examples, a notch may be formed in the metal grid. In some examples, the position of the cutout and / or notch may be optimized to reduce the visibility of the metal grid. In some examples, some or all of the reduction measures for visibility reduction described herein may be combined for use in a touch screen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Figures 1A to 1E An exemplary system that may include a touch screen according to examples of the present disclosure is shown.

[0008] Figure 2 An exemplary computing system including a touch screen according to examples of the present disclosure is shown.

[0009] Figure 3A An exemplary touch sensor circuit corresponding to self-capacitance measurement of touch node electrodes and sensing circuits according to examples of the present disclosure is shown.

[0010] Figure 3B Exemplary touch sensor circuits corresponding to mutual capacitance drive and sense lines and sensing circuits according to examples of the present disclosure are shown.

[0011] Figure 4A A touch screen having touch electrodes arranged in rows and columns according to an example of the present disclosure is shown.

[0012] Figure 4B A touch screen having touch node electrodes arranged in a pixelated touch node electrode configuration is shown according to examples of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 4C A touch screen having touch node electrodes and corresponding wiring arranged in a pixelated touch node electrode configuration is shown according to examples of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 5A An exemplary touch screen stackup structure including a metal mesh layer according to examples of the present disclosure is shown.

[0015] Figure 5B and Figure 5C A top view of a portion of a touch screen according to an example of the present disclosure is shown.

[0016] FIG. 6A to FIG. 6B An exemplary cutout in a metal mesh for separating two adjacent touch electrodes according to an example of the present disclosure is shown.

[0017] FIG. 7A to FIG. 7B An exemplary non-linear boundary for separating two adjacent touch electrodes formed by a metal mesh according to an example of the present disclosure is shown.

[0018] FIG. 8A to FIG. 8B An exemplary non-linear boundary formed by cutouts in a metal mesh for separating non-linear patterns of touch electrodes and / or wirings according to examples of the present disclosure is shown.

[0019] FIG. 9A to FIG. 9B A virtual cutout of a touch electrode metal mesh according to an example of the present disclosure is shown.

[0020] FIG. 10A to FIG. 10B The relationship between the size of the touch electrode and the size of the virtual cutout unit according to an example of the present disclosure is shown.

[0021] Fig.11A and Fig. 11B An exemplary LED and an exemplary metal grid surrounding the exemplary LED are shown according to examples of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 12A to FIG. 12B Exemplary notches in a metal mesh according to examples of the present disclosure are shown.

[0023] Fig.13 An exemplary unit cell of a display pixel and a corresponding metal grid according to examples of the present disclosure are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In the following description of the examples, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings which form a part of the following description and in which are shown by way of example specific examples that can be implemented. It should be understood that other examples can be used and structural changes can be made without departing from the scope of the disclosed examples.

[0025] The present disclosure relates to a touch sensor panel including a metal grid touch electrode and a technique for reducing the visibility of the metal grid touch electrode. The metal grid touch electrode may be formed in a metal grid layer, and the boundary between adjacent electrodes may be defined by a cutout (also referred to herein as an electrical interruption) in the metal grid. In some examples, the metal grid touch electrode may be visible to the user when the display is turned on and / or off. In order to reduce the visibility of these metal grid touch electrodes, in some examples, the boundary between these touch electrodes may be nonlinear (wherein the electrical interruption in the metal grid advances along the boundary in a nonlinear pattern). In some examples, the boundary between the wiring trace of the touch electrode and another touch electrode and / or the boundary between two wiring traces may be similarly nonlinear. In some examples, a virtual cutout (electrical interruption in the metal grid) may be formed in the area of ​​the touch electrode area (for example, while maintaining the same potential of the touch electrode area). In some examples, a notch may be formed in the metal grid. In some examples, the position of the cutout and / or notch may be optimized to reduce the visibility of the metal grid. In some examples, some or all of the reduction measures described herein may be combined for use in a touch screen.

[0026] Figures 1A to 1E An exemplary system that may include a touch screen according to examples of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 1A An exemplary mobile phone 136 including a touch screen 124 is shown according to examples of the present disclosure. Figure 1B An exemplary digital media player 140 including a touch screen 126 is shown according to examples of the present disclosure. Figure 1C An exemplary personal computer 144 including a touch screen 128 is shown according to examples of the present disclosure. Figure 1D An exemplary tablet computing device 148 including a touch screen 130 is shown according to examples of the present disclosure. Figure 1E An exemplary wearable device 150 is shown that includes a touch screen 132 and can be attached to a user using a strap 152 according to examples of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the touch screen can also be implemented in other devices.

[0027] In some examples, touch screens 124, 126, 128, 130, and 132 may be based on self-capacitance. A touch system based on self-capacitance may include a matrix of conductive material or a single conductive material plate group that forms larger conductive areas, which may be referred to as touch electrodes or touch node electrodes (as described below with reference to Figure 4B As described above). For example, a touch screen may include multiple individual touch electrodes, each of which identifies or represents a unique location on the touch screen to sense touch or proximity (e.g., a touch node), and each touch node electrode is electrically isolated from other touch node electrodes in the touch screen / panel. Such a touch screen may be referred to as a pixelated self-capacitance touch screen, although it should be understood that in some examples, the touch node electrodes on the touch screen may be used to perform scans other than self-capacitance scanning (e.g., mutual capacitance scanning) on ​​the touch screen. During operation, an alternating current (AC) waveform may be used to excite the touch node electrodes, and the self-capacitance of the touch node electrodes to ground may be measured. When an object approaches the touch node electrodes, the self-capacitance of the touch node electrodes to ground may change (e.g., increase). This change in the self-capacitance of the touch node electrodes may be detected and measured by a touch sensing system to determine the locations of multiple objects when multiple objects touch or approach the touch screen. In some examples, the touch node electrodes of a self-capacitance-based touch system may be formed by rows and columns of conductive material, and similar to the above, changes in the self-capacitance of the rows and columns to ground may be detected. In some examples, the touch screen may be multi-touch, single-touch, projection scanning, full-imaging multi-touch, capacitive touch, etc.

[0028] In some examples, touch screens 124, 126, 128, 130, and 132 can be based on mutual capacitance. A mutual capacitance based touch system can include electrodes arranged as drive and sense lines that can cross each other on different layers (in a double-sided configuration) or can be adjacent to each other on the same layer (e.g., as described below with reference to Figure 4A As described herein). This intersection or adjacent location can form a touch node. During operation, the drive line can be excited with an AC waveform, and the mutual capacitance of the touch node can be measured. When an object approaches the touch node, the mutual capacitance of the touch node can change (e.g., decrease). This change in the mutual capacitance of the touch node can be detected and measured by the touch sensing system to determine the location of multiple objects when multiple objects touch or approach the touch screen. As described herein, in some examples, a mutual capacitance-based touch system can form touch nodes from a matrix of small individual conductive material plates.

[0029] In some examples, touch screens 124, 126, 128, 130, and 132 can be based on mutual capacitance and / or self capacitance. The electrodes can be arranged as a matrix of small, individual plates of conductive material (e.g., as in touch node electrodes 4B in touch screen 402 in FIG. 408), or arranged as drive lines and sense lines (e.g., as in FIG. 409 ). Figure 4AThe electrodes may be arranged in a pattern such as row touch electrodes 404 and column touch electrodes 406 in touch screen 400 in FIG. 1 , or arranged in another pattern. The electrodes may be configured for mutual capacitance or self-capacitance sensing, or a combination of mutual capacitance sensing and self-capacitance sensing. For example, in one operating mode, the electrodes may be configured to sense mutual capacitance between electrodes, and in a different operating mode, the electrodes may be configured to sense the self-capacitance of the electrodes. In some examples, some of the electrodes may be configured to sense mutual capacitance between each other, and some of the electrodes may be configured to sense their self-capacitance.

[0030] Figure 2 An exemplary computing system including a touch screen according to an example of the present disclosure is shown. The computing system 200 may be included in, for example, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a touchpad, a portable or desktop computer, a portable media player, a wearable device, or any mobile or non-mobile computing device including a touch screen or a touch sensor panel. The computing system 200 may include a touch sensing system, which includes one or more touch processors 202, a peripheral device 204, a touch controller 206, and a touch sensing circuit (described in more detail below). The peripheral device 204 may include, but is not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) or other types of memory or storage devices, a watchdog timer, and the like. The touch controller 206 may include, but is not limited to, one or more sensing channels 208, a channel scan logic component 210, and a driver logic component 214. The channel scan logic component 210 can access the RAM 212, read data autonomously from the sensing channel, and provide control for the sensing channel. Additionally, channel scan logic 210 can control driver logic 214 to generate excitation signals 216 at various frequencies and / or phases that can be selectively applied to drive regions of touch sensing circuitry of touch screen 220, as described in greater detail below. In some examples, touch controller 206, touch processor 202, and peripherals 204 can be integrated into a single application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and in some examples can be integrated with touch screen 220 itself.

[0031] It is obvious that Figure 2 The architecture shown is only one exemplary architecture of computing system 200, and the system may have more or fewer components than shown or components in a different configuration. In some examples, computing system 200 may include an energy storage device (e.g., a battery) to provide power and / or communication circuitry to provide wired or wireless communication (e.g., cellular, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc.). Figure 2 The various components shown in the drawings may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof, including one or more signal processing and / or application specific integrated circuits.

[0032] The computing system 200 may include a host processor 228 for receiving output from the touch processor 202 and performing actions based on the output. For example, the host processor 228 may be connected to a program memory 232 and a display controller / driver 234 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) driver). It should be understood that although some examples of the present disclosure may be described with reference to LCD displays, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto and may be extended to other types of displays, such as light emitting diode (LED) displays, including organic LED (OLED), active matrix organic LED (AMOLED), and passive matrix organic LED (PMOLED) displays. The display driver 234 may provide a voltage to each pixel transistor on a select (e.g., gate) line and may provide data signals to these same transistors along data lines to control the pixels to display an image.

[0033] The host processor 228 may use the display driver 234 to generate a display image such as a display image of a user interface (UI) on the touch screen 220, and may use the touch processor 202 and the touch controller 206 to detect a touch on or near the touch screen 220, such as a touch input to the displayed UI. The touch input may be used by a computer program stored in the program memory 232 to perform an action, which may include, but is not limited to: moving an object such as a cursor or pointer, scrolling or panning, adjusting a control setting, opening a file or document, viewing a menu, making a selection, executing an instruction, operating a peripheral device connected to the host device, answering a phone call, placing a phone call, terminating a phone call, changing the volume or audio settings, storing information related to telephone communications (such as addresses, frequently dialed numbers, received calls, missed calls), logging into a computer or computer network, allowing authorized individuals to access restricted areas of a computer or computer network, loading a user profile associated with a user's preferred arrangement of a computer desktop, allowing access to web page content, launching a specific program, encrypting or decrypting a message, etc. The host processor 228 may also perform additional functions that may not be related to touch processing.

[0034] It should be noted that one or more of the functions described herein may be implemented by a memory device (e.g. Figure 2The firmware may be stored and / or delivered in any non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device, or apparatus, such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can obtain instructions from an instruction execution system, device, or apparatus and execute the instructions. In the context of this document, a "non-transitory computer-readable storage medium" may be any medium (excluding signals) that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device, or apparatus. In some examples, RAM 212 or program memory 232 (or both) may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. One or both of RAM 212 and program memory 232 may have instructions stored therein that, when executed by touch processor 202 or host processor 228 or both, may cause a device including computing system 200 to perform one or more functions and methods of one or more examples of the present disclosure. Computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared or semiconductor systems, apparatuses or devices, portable computer disks (magnetic), random access memory (RAM) (magnetic), read-only memory (ROM) (magnetic), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) (magnetic), portable optical disks such as CD, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-R or DVD-RW, or flash memory such as compact flash cards, secure digital cards, USB storage devices, memory sticks, etc.

[0035] The firmware may also be transmitted in any transmission medium for use or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device or apparatus such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can obtain instructions from an instruction execution system, device or apparatus and execute instructions. In the context of this article, a "transmission medium" can be any medium that can transmit, propagate or transmit a program for use or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device or apparatus. Transmission media may include, but are not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic or infrared wired or wireless transmission media.

[0036] The touch screen 220 may be used to derive touch information at a plurality of discrete locations of the touch screen, referred to herein as touch nodes. The touch screen 220 may include a touch sensing circuit that may include a capacitive sensing medium having a plurality of drive lines 222 and a plurality of sense lines 223. It should be noted that the term "line" is sometimes used herein to refer to a simple conductive path, as will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, and is not limited to a strictly straight path, but includes paths that change direction, and includes paths having different sizes, shapes, materials, etc. The drive lines 222 may be driven from the driver logic component 214 by the excitation signal 216 via the drive interface 224, and the resulting sense signal 217 generated in the sense line 223 may be passed to the sense channel 208 in the touch controller 206 via the sense interface 225. In this manner, the drive lines and sense lines may be part of a touch sensing circuit that may interact to form capacitive sensing nodes, which may be considered touch picture elements (touch pixels) and are referred to herein as touch nodes, such as touch nodes 226 and 227. This understanding may be particularly useful when the touch screen 220 is viewed as capturing an "image" of touch (a "touch image"). In other words, after the touch controller 206 determines whether a touch has been detected at each touch node in the touch screen, the pattern of touch nodes in the touch screen where the touch occurs may be viewed as an "image" of the touch (e.g., a pattern of fingers touching the touch screen). As used herein, an electronic component that is "coupled to" or "connected to" another electronic component includes a direct or indirect connection that provides an electrical path for communication or operation between the coupled components. Thus, for example, the drive line 222 may be directly connected to the driver logic component 214 or indirectly connected to the drive logic 214 via the drive interface 224, and the sense line 223 may be directly connected to the sense channel 208 or indirectly connected to the sense channel 208 via the sense interface 225. In either case, an electrical path for driving and / or sensing the touch nodes may be provided.

[0037] Figure 3AAn exemplary touch sensor circuit 300 corresponding to self-capacitance measurement of a touch node electrode 302 and a sensing circuit 314 according to an example of the present disclosure is shown. The touch node electrode 302 may correspond to a touch electrode 404 or 406 of the touch screen 400 or a touch node electrode 408 of the touch screen 402. The touch node electrode 302 may have an inherent self-capacitance to ground associated therewith, and also have an additional self-capacitance to ground formed when an object such as a finger 305 approaches or touches the electrode. The total self-capacitance to ground of the touch node electrode 302 may be shown as capacitance 304. The touch node electrode 302 may be coupled to the sensing circuit 314. Although other configurations may be employed, the sensing circuit 314 may include an operational amplifier 308, a feedback resistor 312, and a feedback capacitor 310. For example, the feedback resistor 312 may be replaced by a switched capacitor resistor to minimize parasitic capacitance effects that may be caused by a variable feedback resistor. The touch node electrode 302 may be coupled to the inverting input (-) of the operational amplifier 308. AC voltage source 306 (V ac ) can be coupled to the non-inverting input (+) of the operational amplifier 308. The touch sensor circuit 300 can be configured to sense a change (e.g., an increase) in the total self-capacitance 304 of the touch node electrode 302 caused by a finger or object touching or approaching the touch sensor panel. The output 320 can be used by a processor to determine the presence of a proximity event or a touch event, or the output can be input into a discrete logic network to determine the presence of a proximity event or a touch event.

[0038] Figure 3B An exemplary touch sensor circuit 350 corresponding to mutual capacitance drive 322 and sense lines 326 and sense circuit 314 according to an example of the present disclosure is shown. Drive line 322 can be excited by excitation signal 306 (e.g., AC voltage signal). Excitation signal 306 can be capacitively coupled to sense line 326 through mutual capacitance 324 between drive line 322 and sense line. When a finger or object 305 approaches a touch node formed by the intersection of drive line 322 and sense line 326, mutual capacitance 324 can change (e.g., decrease). As described herein, this change in mutual capacitance 324 can be detected to indicate a touch event or proximity event at the touch node. The sense signal coupled to sense line 326 can be received by sense circuit 314. Sense circuit 314 can include operational amplifier 308 and at least one of feedback resistor 312 and feedback capacitor 310. Figure 3B The general case of using both resistive and capacitive feedback elements is shown. The sense signal (referred to as V 输入 ) may be input into the inverting input of the operational amplifier 308, and the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier may be coupled to the reference voltage V 参考 The operational amplifier 308 can drive its output to a voltage V 输出 , so that V输入 Basically equal to V 参考 , and thus maintain V 输入 constant or effectively grounded. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in this context, equals may include deviations of up to 15%. Thus, the gain of the sensing circuit 314 may generally be a function of the ratio of the mutual capacitance 324 and the feedback impedance, which is formed by the resistor 312 and / or the capacitor 310. The output V of the sensing circuit 314 may be 输出 is fed into the multiplier 328 to filter it and produce a heterodyne effect or a homodyne effect, where V 输出 can be multiplied by the local oscillator 330 to generate V 检测 . V 检测 may be input to filter 332. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the placement of filter 332 may be varied; thus, the filter may be placed after multiplier 328, as shown, or two filters may be used: one before the multiplier and the other after the multiplier. In some examples, there may be no filter at all. 检测 The DC portion of the signal can be used to determine whether a touch event or proximity event has occurred. FIG. 3A to FIG. 3B indicates that the demodulation at multiplier 328 occurs in the analog domain, but the output V 输出 It may be digitized by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and blocks 328, 332, and 330 may be implemented digitally (eg, 328 may be a digital demodulator, 332 may be a digital filter, and 330 may be a digital NCO (numerically controlled oscillator)).

[0039] Re-reference Figure 2 In some examples, the touch screen 220 may be an integrated touch screen, in which the touch sensing circuit elements of the touch sensing system may be integrated into the display pixel stacking structure of the display. The circuit elements in the touch screen 220 may include, for example, elements present in an LCD or other display (LED display, OLED display, etc.), such as one or more pixel transistors (e.g., thin film transistors (TFTs)), gate lines, data lines, pixel electrodes, and common electrodes. In a given display pixel, the voltage between the pixel electrode and the common electrode may control the brightness of the display pixel. The voltage on the pixel electrode may be provided by the data line through the pixel transistor, which may be controlled by the gate line. It should be noted that the circuit element is not limited to the entire circuit component, such as the entire capacitor, the entire transistor, etc., but may include a portion of the circuit, such as only one of the two plates of a parallel plate capacitor.

[0040] Figure 4AA touch screen 400 having touch electrodes 404 and 406 arranged in rows and columns is shown according to an example of the present disclosure. Specifically, the touch screen 400 may include a plurality of touch electrodes 404 arranged in rows and a plurality of touch electrodes 406 arranged in columns. The touch electrodes 404 and the touch electrodes 406 may be located on the same or different material layers on the touch screen 400 and may intersect each other, such as Figure 4A As shown. In some examples, the electrodes may be formed on opposite sides of a transparent (partial or complete) substrate and formed of a transparent (partial or complete) semiconductor material such as ITO, but other materials are also possible. Electrodes displayed on layers on different sides of a substrate may be referred to herein as a double-sided sensor. In some examples, touch screen 400 may sense the self-capacitance of touch electrodes 404 and 406 to detect touch and / or proximity activity on touch screen 400, and in some examples, touch screen 400 may sense the mutual capacitance between touch electrodes 404 and 406 to detect touch and / or proximity activity on touch screen 400.

[0041] Figure 4B A touch screen 402 with touch node electrodes 408 arranged in a pixelated touch node electrode configuration is shown according to an example of the present disclosure. Specifically, the touch screen 402 may include multiple individual touch node electrodes 408, each of which identifies or represents a unique location on the touch screen to sense touch or proximity (i.e., a touch event or proximity event), and each touch node electrode is electrically isolated from other touch node electrodes in the touch screen / panel, as described above. The touch node electrodes 408 may be located on the same or different material layers on the touch screen 400. In some examples, the touch screen 402 may sense the self-capacitance of the touch node electrodes 408 to detect touch and / or proximity activity on the touch screen 402, and in some examples, the touch screen 402 may sense the mutual capacitance between the touch node electrodes 408 to detect touch and / or proximity activity on the touch screen 402.

[0042] Figure 4CA touch screen 410 having touch node electrodes (e.g., including touch node electrodes 422, 424, 426, 428, and 430) arranged in a pixelated touch node electrode configuration and corresponding wiring (e.g., including wiring 428A and 430A) according to an example of the present disclosure is shown. Touch screen 410 may be similar to touch screen 402, but corresponding wiring of the touch node electrodes may also be shown. Specifically, touch screen 410 may include a plurality of individual touch node electrodes, each of which identifies or represents a unique location on the touch screen to sense a touch or proximity (i.e., a touch event or proximity event), and each of which is electrically isolated from other touch node electrodes in the touch screen / panel, as previously described. The touch nodes may be routed to the edge of touch screen 410 (and from the edge of touch screen 410 to touch controller 206). For example, touch node electrode 428 may be routed to the edge of touch screen 410 via wiring trace 428A, and touch node electrode 430 may be routed to the edge of touch screen 410 via wiring trace 430A. The touch node electrodes and wiring can be on the same material layer (as shown) or different material layers of touch screen 410 (for example, the wiring can be implemented via different layers connected with vias). In some examples, touch screen 410 can sense the self-capacitance of the touch node electrodes or the mutual capacitance between the touch node electrodes to detect touch and / or proximity activity on touch screen 410.

[0043] As described herein, in some examples, the touch electrodes of a touch screen can be formed from a metal mesh. Figure 5AAn exemplary touch screen stack structure including a metal mesh layer according to an example of the present disclosure is shown. The touch screen 500 may include a substrate 509 (e.g., a printed circuit board) on which a display LED 508 may be mounted. In some examples, the LED 508 may be partially or completely embedded in the substrate 509 (e.g., the component may be placed in a recessed portion in the substrate). The substrate 509 may include wiring traces in one or more layers to route the LED to the display drive circuit (e.g., the display driver 234). The stack structure of the touch screen 500 may also include a passivation layer 507 (e.g., a transparent epoxy resin) deposited above the LED 508. The passivation layer 507 may flatten the surface of the metal mesh layer. The metal mesh layer 506 (e.g., copper, silver, etc.) may be deposited on the flattened surface of the passivation layer 507 above the display LED 508 (above the visible area of ​​the display). In some examples, the passivation layer 507 may include a material for encapsulating the LEDs to protect them from corrosion or other environmental exposure. The metal mesh layer 506 may include a pattern of conductor material in the following mesh pattern. The touch electrodes may be formed from portions of a metal mesh in the metal mesh layer. In some examples, a polarizer 504 may be disposed above the metal mesh layer 506 (optionally, another planarization layer is disposed above the metal mesh layer 506). Cover glass (or front crystal) 502 may be disposed above the polarizer 502 and form the outer surface of the touch screen 500.

[0044] Figure 5B and Figure 5C Top views 510 and 520 of a portion of a touch screen 500 according to an example of the present disclosure are shown. Top view 510 shows a metal mesh 512 (e.g., a portion of a metal mesh layer 506) without LEDs 508, and top view 520 shows a portion of the metal mesh layer 506 together with LEDs 508 of the touch screen 500. The LEDs can be arranged in groups of three adjacent LEDs (including a red LED, a green LED, and a blue LED) to form a standard red-green-blue (RGB) display pixel. Although primarily described herein in terms of RGB display pixels, it should be understood that other touch pixels with different numbers of LEDs and / or different colors of LEDs are also possible. The metal mesh can be formed of conductors arranged in a certain pattern to allow light to pass (at least vertically) through gaps in the mesh (e.g., LEDs 508 can be arranged in the LED layer, opposite to openings in the metal mesh arranged in the metal mesh layer 506). In other words, the conductors of the metal mesh layer can be patterned so that the metal mesh layer and the LEDs are conceptually flattened into the same layer, and the conductors and LEDs do not overlap.

[0045] Figure 5B includes an exemplary metal mesh unit 514 (shown in bold), and Figure 5CAn exemplary cell 522 is included, which includes an exemplary display pixel and a corresponding metal grid cell (shown in bold). Metal grid cell 514 can form three polygons (e.g., three rectangles) around red, green, and blue LEDs that form an RGB display pixel. In some examples, metal grid cell 514 can be repeated across the touch-sensitive area of ​​touch screen 500. Exemplary cell 522 includes a display pixel having a red LED 524, a green LED 526, and a blue LED 528. The corresponding metal grid can be formed around the perimeter of the LED by a conductive material 530 (e.g., a metal conductor such as copper, silver, etc.) disposed in a metal grid layer (optionally with some space between the LED and the metal material in the plane of the touch screen). In some examples, the metal grid can form a rectangular shape around each of these LEDs, such as Figure 5C As shown. The pattern of LEDs forming display pixels can be repeated across the touch screen to form a display. During manufacturing, the metal grid in exemplary unit 522 (e.g., corresponding to metal grid unit 514) can be repeated across the touch screen to form a touch screen with uniform optical properties. It should be understood that the arrangement of LEDs and corresponding metal grids are merely examples, and other arrangements of LEDs and corresponding metal grid patterns are possible.

[0046] As described herein, the touch electrodes may be formed of a metal mesh. To form electrically isolated touch electrodes, the metal mesh may be cut (e.g., chemically etched or laser etched, among other possibilities) to form a boundary (e.g., a boundary defined by the location of the cutout / electrically interrupted portion) between two adjacent touch electrodes. FIG. 6A to FIG. 6B An exemplary cutout in a metal mesh for separating two adjacent touch electrodes according to an example of the present disclosure is shown. FIG. 6A to FIG. 6B The portion 600 of the touch screen shown may correspond to Figure 4C 4. A more detailed view of a portion of touch screen 410 shown in frame 420 in FIG. 600 may include a first portion 602 and a second portion 604, the first portion including a metal mesh corresponding to a portion of the touch screen corresponding to touch electrode 424 (and a Fig. 6A The second portion includes a metal grid corresponding to a portion of the touch screen corresponding to the touch electrode 422 (and Fig. 6A The gap between touch electrodes 422 and 424 (in FIG. 6A to FIG. 6B 602 and 604) can be formed by cutting the metal mesh between the portions 602 and 604, such as FIG. 6A to FIG. 6B The cutouts in the metal mesh may electrically isolate the metal mesh forming the touch electrodes in portion 602 from the metal mesh forming the touch electrodes in portion 604. FIG. 6A to FIG. 6BAn exemplary cut is shown forming a metal grid boundary between two touch electrodes (e.g., corresponding to touch electrodes 422 and 424), but it should be understood that the metal grid can be similarly cut to form linear boundaries between remaining touch electrodes (and wiring) in the touch sensor panel.

[0047] In some examples, to reduce the visibility of the boundaries between touch electrodes formed by the metal mesh (e.g., when the display is turned off due to external lighting, or when the display is turned on when displaying certain images), the nonlinear boundaries between these touch electrodes can be formed by cutouts of a nonlinear pattern in the metal mesh. In some examples, adjacent touch electrodes can be staggered at the boundaries to form a nonlinear boundary (e.g., with a nonlinear pattern having FIG. 6A to FIG. 6B The square / rectangular touch electrodes with linear boundaries shown are different). FIG. 7A to FIG. 7B An exemplary non-linear boundary for separating two adjacent touch electrodes formed by a metal mesh according to an example of the present disclosure is shown. FIG. 7A to FIG. 7B The portion 700 of the touch screen shown may correspond to a more detailed view of a portion of the touch screen at a boundary between two adjacent touch electrodes. The portion 700 may include a first portion 702 and a second portion 704, the first portion including a metal mesh (and a metal mesh corresponding to a portion of the touch screen corresponding to a first touch electrode (e.g., touch electrode 424) and a second portion 705. Fig. 7A The second portion includes a metal mesh corresponding to a portion of the touch screen corresponding to a second touch electrode (eg, touch electrode 422). Fig. 7A The gaps between these touch electrodes can be formed by cutting the metal mesh in a non-linear pattern between portions 702 and 704, such as FIG. 7A to FIG. 7B As shown by the dashed boundary line 706 in FIG.

[0048] In some examples, staggering the border may include stepping the border line between two touch electrodes approximately every half display or every display pixel (e.g., equal to or less than the maximum length of the metal grid line corresponding to the length or width of a display pixel). FIG. 7A to FIG. 7BAs shown, the stepping of border line 706 can occur approximately every half display pixel. For example, the border line can change direction at approximately half of the display pixel height or half of the display pixel width. For example, cutout 710 in the metal grid (between blue LED and red LED), cutout 712 in the metal grid (between red LED and green LED), and cutout 714 in the metal grid (between green LED and blue LED) can allow border line 706 to change direction twice (once at approximately every half display pixel dimension) when traversing each display dimension in the display dimension. Other types of cutouts in the metal grid are also possible. For example, cutout 716 in the metal grid (between two blue LEDs). In some examples, the border line can be stepped or changed direction along the border less frequently or at different frequencies. Reducing the linearity of the border line can generally reduce the visibility of the border between the touch electrodes.

[0049] Although described above as a nonlinear boundary between touch electrodes, nonlinearity can also be represented by an axis. For example, a first axis that passes through a first cutout in the metal mesh and passes through a second cutout in the metal mesh at a boundary between two touch electrodes can intersect with a second axis that passes through a first cutout in the metal mesh and passes through a third cutout in the metal mesh at the same boundary between the two touch electrodes. In other words, the first axis and the second axis are not parallel. For example, Figure 7B The first axis 720 passing through the cutout 710 and the cutout 716 may intersect with the second axis 722 passing through the cutout 710 and the cutout 714, so that the first axis 720 and the second axis 722 may not be parallel (intersecting). In contrast, due to the linear boundary, Fig. 6A and Figure 6B The cutouts shown in may all be located on the same axis.

[0050] In some examples, in order to reduce the visibility of the boundaries between touch electrodes and the wiring of adjacent touch electrodes (or between the wiring of two adjacent touch electrodes) formed by the metal grid (for example, when the display is turned off due to external lighting, or when the display is turned on when displaying certain images), the boundaries between these touch electrodes and / or wiring may be formed by nonlinear pattern cuts in the metal grid (forming nonlinear boundary lines). FIG. 8A to FIG. 8B An exemplary non-linear boundary formed by cutouts in a metal mesh for separating non-linear patterns of touch electrodes and / or wirings according to examples of the present disclosure is shown. FIG. 8A to FIG. 8B The portion 800 of the touch screen shown may correspond to a portion of the touch screen at a boundary between two adjacent touch electrodes and two adjacent routing traces (eg, at a boundary between two adjacent touch electrodes and two adjacent routing traces). Figure 4CThe portion 800 may include a first portion 802, a second portion 804, a third portion 808, and a fourth portion 810, the first portion including a metal mesh corresponding to a portion of the touch screen corresponding to a first touch electrode (e.g., touch electrode 426) and a fourth portion 810. Fig. 8A The second portion includes a metal mesh corresponding to a portion of the touch screen corresponding to a second touch electrode (eg, touch electrode 428) (eg, touch electrode 429). Fig. 8A The third portion includes a metal grid (and display pixel) corresponding to a portion of the wiring of the touch screen corresponding to the second touch electrode (e.g., wiring 428A of touch electrode 428), and the fourth portion includes a metal grid (and display pixel) corresponding to a portion of the wiring of the touch screen corresponding to the third touch electrode (e.g., wiring 430A of touch electrode 430). A gap between a touch electrode and an adjacent second touch electrode and its wiring can be formed by cutting the metal grid between portions 802 and 804 / 808, as shown in FIG. FIG. 8A to FIG. 8B The gap between the wiring of the second touch electrode (and the second touch electrode) and the adjacent wiring of the third touch electrode can be formed by cutting the metal mesh between the portion 804 / 808 and the portion 810, as shown in FIG. FIG. 8A to FIG. 8B In some examples, the cutouts in the metal mesh used to form the touch electrodes may be similar to those in the reference Figure 7B The cutouts in the metal mesh are described (eg, cutout 710 between a blue LED and a red LED, cutout 712 between a red LED and a green LED, cutout 714 between a green LED and a blue LED, and a cutout between two blue LEDs).

[0051] In some examples, staggering the borders between routing and touch electrodes and / or between different routing traces can include stepping of the border line similar to the stepping between two touch electrodes (e.g., at approximately every half display or every display pixel). Reducing the linearity of the border line can generally reduce the visibility of the borders between routing and touch electrodes and / or between different routing traces.

[0052] Although described above as nonlinear boundaries between wiring and touch electrodes and / or between different wiring traces, nonlinearity can also be represented by axes. For example, a first axis that passes through a first cutout in the metal mesh and a second cutout in the metal mesh at a boundary between a wiring trace and a touch electrode may intersect with a second axis that passes through a first cutout in the metal mesh and a third cutout in the metal mesh at the same boundary between the wiring trace and the touch electrode. Similarly, a first axis that passes through a first cutout in the metal mesh and a second cutout in the metal mesh at a boundary between two wiring traces may intersect with a second axis that passes through a first cutout in the metal mesh and a third cutout in the metal mesh at the same boundary between these wiring traces.

[0053] In some examples, the metal mesh of the touch electrode can include a virtual cutout to reduce the visibility of the metal mesh boundary cutout. The virtual cutout can interrupt one electrical path between two portions of the metal mesh (on either side of the virtual cutout) without electrically isolating the metal mesh due to one or more other electrical paths between the two portions of the metal mesh (on either side of the virtual cutout). In other words, despite the internal cutout, the portions of the metal mesh can remain at the same electrical potential. FIG. 9A to FIG. 9B A virtual cutout of a touch electrode metal grid according to an example of the present disclosure is shown. FIG. 7A to FIG. 7B , FIG. 9A to FIG. 9B An exemplary nonlinear boundary line formed by a cutout in a metal mesh separating two adjacent touch electrodes is shown. Portion 900 of a touch screen may include a first portion 902 and a second portion 904, the first portion including a metal mesh corresponding to a portion of the touch screen corresponding to a first touch electrode (e.g., touch electrode 424) and a second portion 905. Fig. 9A The second portion includes a metal mesh corresponding to a portion of the touch screen corresponding to a second touch electrode (eg, touch electrode 422). Fig. 9A The gaps between these touch electrodes can be formed by cutting the metal mesh between portions 902 and 904 (e.g. FIG. 9A to FIG. 9B In addition, the metal mesh forming the touch electrodes in portions 902 and 904 may also include virtual cutouts that form a physical separation in the metal mesh without electrically separating the metal meshes in portions 902 and 904, respectively.

[0054] In some examples, these virtual cutouts can simulate cutouts in the metal mesh used to form boundaries between touch electrodes (and / or wiring). Figure 7BAs shown and described above, the boundaries between touch electrodes can be formed using four types of cutouts (cutouts 710, 712, 714, and 716). FIG. 9A to FIG. 9B As shown, the virtual cutouts may include corresponding types of cutouts of the metal grid. For example, the touch electrode corresponding to portion 902 may include a cutout 920 in the metal grid between the blue LED and the red LED (e.g., corresponding to cutout 710), a cutout 922 in the metal grid between the red LED and the green LED (e.g., corresponding to cutout 712), a cutout 924 in the metal grid between the green LED and the blue LED (e.g., corresponding to cutout 714), and a cutout 926 in the metal grid between the two blue LEDs (e.g., corresponding to cutout 716). Although these virtual cutouts may simulate the cutouts in the metal grid in type, these virtual cutouts may not follow the order of cutting when cutting the boundaries between the touch electrodes. In fact, in some examples, strictly following the same cutting order may result in electrical isolation of the metal grid within the touch electrode.

[0055] In some examples, the virtual cutout can form a pattern that can be repeated across the touch electrodes. For example, a virtual cutout unit (e.g., a pattern of interrupted portions) can be defined and the virtual cutout unit can be repeated across the touch screen to form a virtual cutout. For example, FIG. 9A to FIG. 9B The virtual cutout unit 910 ( Figure 8B ) may define 14 exemplary cutouts for a 3×3 display pixel region. The 14 exemplary cutouts in virtual cutout unit 910 may include two cutouts corresponding to cutout 716 (blue-blue cutout), four cutouts corresponding to cutout 714 (blue-green cutout), four cutouts corresponding to cutout 710 (red-blue cutout), and four cutouts corresponding to cutout 712 (red-green cutout). The pattern in virtual cutout unit 910 may be repeated for virtual cutouts in other 3×3 display pixel regions. It should be understood that FIG. 9A to FIG. 9B The types of cutouts within the virtual cutout unit 910 and the sizes of the virtual cutout unit 910 in FIG. 9 are examples, and other virtual cutout units of different sizes and / or including different numbers or types of cutouts may be implemented.

[0056] To minimize interruptions in a repeating virtual cut pattern, in some examples, the virtual cut unit may be aligned with an edge of a touch electrode (e.g., with the right edge of touch electrode 430) at or near the center of the touch screen (within a threshold distance) and repeated outward to the edge of the touch screen.

[0057] The use of virtual cutouts within the metal mesh touch electrodes can reduce the visibility of touch electrode boundaries when the display is off or when the display is on. For example, the virtual cutouts can reduce the visibility of these boundaries due to changes in perceived texture across the touch screen. Virtual cutouts can also simulate in a similar manner within the touch electrodes how light from the display is blocked by the metal mesh at the boundaries (or not blocked by the cutouts) to reduce the visibility of the metal mesh and boundaries when the display is on.

[0058] In some examples, in order to reduce the discontinuity in the repeating pattern of the virtual cutout unit, the size of the touch electrode may be designed based on the size of the virtual cutout unit. In some examples, the size of the touch electrode may be an integer multiple of the size of the virtual cutout unit. In some examples, the size of the wiring may be an integer multiple of the virtual cutout unit. Setting the size of the touch electrode and / or wiring according to the size of the virtual cutout unit may reduce the discontinuity on the entire touch screen and thereby reduce the visibility of the touch electrode boundary when the display is turned off.

[0059] FIG. 10A to FIG. 10B The relationship between the size of the touch electrode and the size of the virtual cutout unit according to an example of the present disclosure is shown. Fig. 10A Shows the corresponding Figure 4C 4, which includes three touch electrodes 1002 (and corresponding routing traces 1004), 1006 (and corresponding routing traces 1008), and 1010. Touch electrode 1002 and corresponding routing trace 1004 may correspond to an electrode at the center of the touch screen, and touch electrode 1002 may have a width X TE and length Y TE , where X TE corresponds to the X-axis dimension of the touch electrode, and Y TE Corresponds to the Y-axis dimension of the touch electrode 1002. Fig. 10B As shown, dimension X TE and Y TE Can be virtual cutout unit dimension X DU and Y DU An integer multiple of DU corresponds to the X-axis dimension of the virtual cutout unit, and Y DUCorresponding to the Y-axis dimension of the virtual cutout unit. For example, a virtual cutout unit of 3×3 display pixel size (e.g., corresponding to virtual cutout unit 910) can cause touch electrode 1002 to have a width dimension that is a multiple of three display pixel widths and a length dimension that is a multiple of three display pixel lengths. The sizes of other touch electrodes (e.g., touch electrodes 1006 and 1010) can follow the size of the center-most touch electrode (e.g., touch electrode 1002), while taking into account some reduction in the Y-axis dimension due to one or more routing traces (e.g., due to routing traces 1004 and / or 1008).

[0060] In some examples, the size of the wiring may be an integer multiple of the virtual cutout unit. For example, the length of the Y-axis dimension of the wiring 1004 and / or the wiring 1008 may be an integer multiple of the virtual cutout unit. In some examples, in order to minimize the wiring size, the length of the Y-axis dimension of the wiring 1004 and the wiring 1008 may be the same as the length of one virtual cutout unit (i.e., an integer multiple of 1).

[0061] In some examples, even when the routing dimensions are not an integer multiple of the virtual cutout unit, when the interruption portion is repeated for each row of touch electrodes, the interruption portion of the entire touch screen can be reduced (and the visibility of the metal grid can be reduced). For example, the dimensions of the touch electrodes in touch screen 410 and the routing in each row of touch electrodes can be the same, so that the interruption portion is repeated for each row (e.g., at routing traces 1004 and / or 1008 and / or at touch electrode 1010).

[0062] In some examples, the location of the metal mesh cutouts at the touch electrode and / or wiring boundaries or the location of the virtual cutouts within the touch electrode and / or wiring can be optimized to reduce the visibility of the metal mesh. In some examples, the location of the cutouts can correspond to the location of the minimum (or relatively low) light intensity from the display. Placing the cutouts in the location with the minimum light intensity makes the emitted light from the cutout location most similar between the on and off states of the display.

[0063] Fig.11A and Fig. 11B An exemplary LED 1102 and an exemplary metal grid 1104 surrounding the LED 1102 are shown according to examples of the present disclosure. Fig.11A Illustration 1100 is shown with different exemplary cutouts 1106 and 1108 in a metal mesh 1104 . Fig. 11BA view 1110 is shown having an exemplary heat map of the intensity of emitted light from LED 1102 at a location corresponding to metal grid 1104 (but which will be blocked by metal grid 1104 during operation). The heat map is represented by a gray scale, where the black end of the scale represents the minimum light intensity and the white end of the scale represents the maximum light intensity. The intensity of the emitted light at the location corresponding to metal grid 1104 may not be uniform. For example, if Fig. 11B As shown, the intensity of the emitted light may decrease as the distance from the LED 1102 increases. Fig. 11B As shown, the intensity along the sides of LED 1102 can be higher than the intensity at the corners of LED 1102. Fig.11A By cutting the metal mesh 1104 at a location near a corner of the metal mesh 1104 (e.g., greater than a threshold distance from a line bisecting the LED 1102 or less than a threshold distance from an intersection of two metal mesh lines) as shown in the cutout 1108 in FIG. 1 , the light emitted at that location when the LED 1102 is on can be similar or identical to the light emitted at that location when the LED 1102 is off. In contrast, by cutting the metal mesh 1104 at a location near the center of one side of the metal mesh 1104 as shown in FIG. Fig.11A As shown in the cutout 1106 in FIG. 1 , the metal grid 1104 is cut, and due to the cutout 1106, the light emitted at the location when the LED 1102 is turned on can be greater than the light emitted at the location when the LED 1102 is turned off. Therefore, compared with cutting the metal grid 1104 (e.g., cutout 1106) at a location with relatively large light intensity, the visibility of the metal grid (and the cutout) when the display is turned on can be relatively reduced by cutting the metal grid 1104 (e.g., cutout 1008) at or near (within a threshold distance) a location corresponding to a minimum (or lower) light intensity. Therefore, the intensity map of the display pixels and the metal grid (determined empirically by measurement) can be used to determine the location of the virtual cutout or real cutout described herein.

[0064] In some examples, in addition to or as an alternative to virtual cutouts, the metal grid may have notches to simulate the optical effect of virtual cutouts without causing local power outages in the conductive path of the metal grid within the touch electrode. As described above, the cutouts (virtual cutouts or boundary cutouts) in the metal grid may result in different levels of shading at the display pixels of the entire touch screen, which may increase the visibility of the metal grid and / or the cutouts in the metal grid. In some examples, the notches may weaken (reduce or eliminate) the uneven shading level across the touch screen. One advantage of notches over virtual cutouts may be that notches may allow the conductivity of the metal grid to be maintained, which may provide design flexibility in the touch electrode while maintaining electrical connections between all parts of the metal grid forming the corresponding touch electrode. In contrast, the placement of virtual cutouts may require more attention because some virtual cutout patterns may cause the metal grid within the touch electrode area to be islanded, electrically isolated from the rest of the metal grid within the touch electrode area.

[0065] FIG. 12A to FIG. 12B Exemplary notches in a metal mesh according to examples of the present disclosure are shown. Fig. 12A An exemplary touch screen cell 1200 (e.g., corresponding to cell 522) is shown including RGB display pixels (including red LED 1204, green LED 1205, and blue LED 1206) and surrounding metal grid 1202. Cutout 1208 can be formed in metal grid 1202 as described herein. Additionally, notch 1209 can be formed in metal grid 1202. For example, Fig. 12A Two notches 1209 and two cutouts 1208 are shown in the metal grid 1202 for each of the corresponding LEDs for the display pixels. These notches may include a notch in a first metal grid line of the metal grid adjacent to the red LED (e.g., on a side of the metal grid line adjacent to the red LED), a notch in a second metal grid line of the metal grid adjacent to the green LED (e.g., on a side of the metal grid line adjacent to the green LED), and / or a notch in a third metal grid line of the metal grid adjacent to the blue LED (e.g., on a side of the metal grid line adjacent to the blue LED). Fig. 12B An exemplary touch screen cell 1210 (e.g., corresponding to cell 522) is shown including an RGB display pixel (including a red LED 1214, a green LED 1215, and a blue LED 1216) and a surrounding metal grid 1212 (without cutouts in the metal grid). A notch 1209 may be formed in the metal grid 1212. For example, Fig. 12B Four notches 1219 in the metal grid 1212 are shown for each of the corresponding LEDs for the display pixels.

[0066] In addition, if Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B As shown, in some examples, the notch in the metal mesh between two LEDs may include a pair of notches on opposite sides of the metal mesh. For example, two notches 1219 may be formed in the metal mesh between the green LED 1215 and the blue LED 1216. The first notch may be formed on one side of the metal mesh line adjacent to the green LED 1215, and the second notch may be formed on one side (opposite side) of the metal mesh line adjacent to the blue LED 1216. In some examples, the notches on opposite sides of the metal mesh line may be formed as shown in FIG. Fig. 12B The offset is shown, where the notch on a first side of the metal gridline adjacent to the green LED 1215 is offset along a vertical axis from the notch on a second (opposite) side of the metal gridline adjacent to the blue LED 1216.

[0067] It should be understood that the number of notches and / or cutouts may be four per LED (e.g. FIG. 12A to FIG. 12B ), but in other examples, the number of notches or cutouts may be different for different display pixels / grid units (e.g., one display pixel may include four cutouts and four notches in its corresponding metal grid, and a second display pixel may include two cutouts and six notches in its corresponding metal grid), or the number of notches or cutouts may be different between LEDs in a display pixel (e.g., four notches / cutouts in the metal grid corresponding to blue LEDs, three notches / cutouts in the metal grid corresponding to red and / or green LEDs).

[0068] In some examples, the sum of the number of notches and the number of cutouts for each of the LEDs in a display pixel may be the same. In some examples, the sum of the number of notches and the number of cutouts for each of the display pixels in a display pixel may be the same. The uniformity of metal grid light shielding can be improved by using notches. For example, as described above, boundary notches and / or virtual notches can result in some display pixels having different numbers of notches and / or different LEDs having different numbers of notches across the display. Due to the different numbers of notches in the metal grid surrounding different LEDs, the light blocked by the grid may be different within a display pixel or across all display pixels. Notches can provide more uniform shielding where additional notches are necessary, which can affect the electrical connectivity of the metal grid within the touch electrode area.

[0069] Despite Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B, as rectangular notches in a rectangular metal grid, but it should be understood that these notches and metal grids can have other shapes (e.g., circular or triangular notches, diamond or hexagonal metal grids, etc.). Additionally, in some examples, these notches can be placed at or near (within a threshold distance) a location with minimum light intensity in a manner similar to that described herein for the cutouts.

[0070] In some examples, to provide additional flexibility for cutting the metal mesh for border cuts or virtual cuts, a blue LED in a display pixel can be replaced with two smaller blue LEDs. Additional metal mesh can be passed between the two blue LEDs. Fig.13 An exemplary cell 1300 and corresponding metal grid of a display pixel according to an example of the present disclosure is shown. The display pixel may include two blue LEDs 1302 and 1304, one red LED, and one green LED. Splitting the blue LEDs may allow the metal grid 1306 to pass between the blue LEDs and provide another path for establishing conductivity in the metal grid and / or another metal grid location for establishing a cutout (e.g., a cutout between a first blue LED and a second blue LED within a display pixel) or a notch as described herein. In some examples, the two blue LEDs in a display pixel may be independent and may be driven by separate thin film transistors (e.g., such that the four-LED touch pixel may be controlled by four LED driver circuits located in the TFT layer). In some examples, the two blue LEDs may be driven by a shared thin film transistor (e.g., such that the four-LED touch pixel may be controlled by three LED driver circuits located in the TFT layer).

[0071] Although the visibility reduction measures described herein may be shown and described separately, it should be understood that some or all of these reduction measures may be used in combination. For example, nonlinear boundary cuts between touch electrodes (e.g., reference 1 to FIG. 1 ) may be implemented together in a touch screen including metal mesh touch electrodes. FIG. 7A to FIG. 7B The nonlinear boundary cuts between the touch electrode and the wiring or between the wiring and other wiring (for example, reference FIG. 8A to FIG. 8B ), a virtual cutout in the touch electrode area (e.g., reference FIG. 9A to FIG. 9B ), setting the size of the touch electrode and / or wiring relative to the virtual cutout unit (for example, referring to FIG. 10A to FIG. 10B described), the arrangement of cutouts in the metal mesh (e.g., reference FIG. 11A to FIG. 11B described), notch cuts (e.g., reference FIG. 12A to FIG. 12B ) and the splitting of blue LEDs (e.g., see Fig.13In some examples, a subset of the above visibility reduction measures can be combined for use in one touch screen. In some examples, only one of these visibility reduction measures can be used in one touch screen.

[0072] Therefore, according to the above, some examples of the present disclosure relate to a touch screen. The touch screen can include display pixels arranged in a first layer and touch electrodes formed by a metal grid arranged in a second layer. The electrical interruption in the metal grid can form a first boundary between a first electrode in the touch electrode and a second electrode in the touch electrode. The first touch electrode in the touch electrode can be adjacent to the second touch electrode in the touch electrode. A first axis passing through the position of a first electrical interruption in the electrical interruption forming the first boundary and passing through the position of a second electrical interruption in the electrical interruption forming the first boundary can intersect with a second axis passing through the position of the first electrical interruption in the electrical interruption forming the first boundary and passing through the position of a third electrical interruption in the electrical interruption forming the first boundary. In addition to one or more of the examples disclosed above or as an alternative, in some examples, the distance between adjacent electrical interruptions of the electrical interruption forming the first boundary in the metal grid can be less than the maximum length of a metal grid line corresponding to one dimension of one display pixel of the display pixel. In addition to one or more of the examples disclosed above or as an alternative, in some examples, the display pixel can include a plurality of light emitting diodes. The plurality of light emitting diodes can be arranged in the first layer, opposite to the openings in the metal grid arranged in the second layer. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the electrical interruption portion forming the first boundary can include: an electrical interruption portion in the metal grid between a red light emitting diode and a green light emitting diode; an electrical interruption portion in the metal grid between the red light emitting diode and the blue light emitting diode; an electrical interruption portion in the metal grid between the green light emitting diode and the blue light emitting diode; or an electrical interruption portion in the metal grid between the blue light emitting diode and another blue light emitting diode. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the electrical interruption portion in the metal grid forming the first boundary can include: an electrical interruption portion in the metal grid between a red light emitting diode and a green light emitting diode; an electrical interruption portion in the metal grid between the red light emitting diode and the blue light emitting diode; an electrical interruption portion in the metal grid between the green light emitting diode and the blue light emitting diode; and an electrical interruption portion in the metal grid between the blue light emitting diode and another blue light emitting diode.In addition to one or more of the examples disclosed above or as an alternative, in some examples, the touch screen can also include a first wiring trace corresponding to the first touch electrode of the touch electrodes, the first wiring trace being adjacent to the second touch electrode of the touch electrodes. The electrical interruption in the metal grid can form a second boundary between the first wiring trace and the second touch electrode of the touch electrodes. A first axis passing through the position of the first electrical interruption in the electrical interruption forming the second boundary and through the position of the second electrical interruption in the electrical interruption forming the second boundary can intersect with a second axis passing through the position of the first electrical interruption in the electrical interruption forming the second boundary and through the position of the third electrical interruption in the electrical interruption forming the second boundary. In addition to one or more of the examples disclosed above or as an alternative, in some examples, the touch screen can also include wiring traces corresponding to one or more of the touch electrodes, the wiring traces including a first wiring trace corresponding to the first touch electrode of the touch electrodes and a second wiring trace corresponding to the third touch electrode of the touch electrodes. The first wiring trace can be adjacent to the second wiring trace. The electrical interruption in the metal grid can form a third boundary between the first wiring trace and the second wiring trace. A first axis passing through the position of the first electrical interruption in the electrical interruption forming the third boundary and through the position of the second electrical interruption in the electrical interruption forming the third boundary can intersect with a second axis passing through the position of the first electrical interruption in the electrical interruption forming the third boundary and through the position of the third electrical interruption in the electrical interruption forming the third boundary. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the metal grids of the first touch electrodes in the touch electrodes can be at the same potential, and the metal grids of the first touch electrodes in the touch electrodes can include an electrical interruption inside the area of ​​the first touch electrodes in the touch electrodes. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the electrical interruption inside the area of ​​the first touch electrodes in the touch electrodes can correspond to the electrical interruption in the metal grid that forms the first boundary.In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, a subset of the electrical interrupted portions within the area of ​​the first touch electrode of the touch electrodes corresponding to a sub-area of ​​the area of ​​the first touch electrode of the touch electrodes can form a pattern of interrupted portions, and the pattern of interrupted portions can be repeated for additional sub-areas of the area of ​​the first touch electrode of the touch electrodes. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the pattern of interrupted portions can be repeated for an area of ​​the second touch electrode of the touch electrodes and an area of ​​the third touch electrode of the touch electrodes. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, a first dimension of the area of ​​the first touch electrode of the touch electrodes can be an integer multiple of the first dimension of the sub-area. A second dimension of the area of ​​the first touch electrode of the touch electrodes can be an integer multiple of the second dimension of the sub-area. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the first touch electrode of the touch electrodes can be within a threshold distance of the center of the touch screen. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the integer multiple of the first dimension of the sub-area and the integer multiple of the second dimension of the sub-area can both be greater than 1. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the touch screen can further include a first routing trace corresponding to the first electrode of the touch electrodes. The first dimension of the routing trace can be an integer multiple of the first dimension of the sub-area. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the integer multiple of the first dimension of the sub-area can be one. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the metal grid of the first touch electrode of the touch electrode can include one or more notches in one or more metal grid lines. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the one or more notches in the one or more metal grid lines can include a first notch in a first metal grid line on a side of the first metal grid line adjacent to a red light emitting diode. In addition to or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the one or more notches in the one or more metal grid lines can include a first notch in a first metal grid line on a side of the first metal grid line adjacent to the blue light emitting diode.In addition to or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the one or more notches in the one or more metal grid lines can include a first notch in a first metal grid line on a side of the first metal grid line adjacent to a green light emitting diode. In addition to or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the sum of the number of notches in the metal grid line corresponding to each light emitting diode in one of the display pixels and the number of electrical interruptions can be equal. In addition to or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the sum of the number of notches in the metal grid line corresponding to each of the display pixels and the number of electrical interruptions can be equal. In addition to or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the first metal grid line can include a first notch on a first side of the first metal grid line and a second notch on a second side of the first metal grid line opposite to the first side. In addition to or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the first notch on the first side and the second notch on the second side can be offset. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the one or more notches can be located within a threshold distance of one or more intersections between metal grid lines. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the one or more notches can be located at a threshold distance of a minimum light intensity emitted from a light emitting diode of the metal grid line adjacent to the light emitting diode or within the threshold distance of the minimum light intensity. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, one or more of the electrical interruptions in the metal grid that form the first boundary or one or more of the electrical interruptions within the area of ​​the first touch electrode can be located within a threshold distance of one or more intersections between metal grid lines. In addition to or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, one or more of the electrical interruptions in the metal grid that form the first boundary or the electrical interruptions within the area of ​​the first touch electrode can be located at a threshold distance of the minimum light intensity emitted from the light emitting diode of the metal grid line adjacent to the light emitting diode or within the threshold distance of the minimum light intensity.In addition to or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the display pixel can include at least one display pixel, the at least one display pixel including a red light emitting diode, a green light emitting diode, a first blue light emitting diode, and a second blue light emitting diode. A metal grid line can be disposed between the first blue light emitting diode and the second blue light emitting diode. In addition to or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the electrically interrupted portion of the metal grid that forms the first boundary of the first touch electrode or the electrically interrupted portion within the region of the first touch electrode can include an electrically interrupted portion in the metal grid line disposed between the first blue light emitting diode and the second blue light emitting diode.

[0073] Some examples of the present disclosure relate to a touch screen. The touch screen can include: a plurality of display pixels disposed in a first layer; and a plurality of touch electrodes formed by a metal grid disposed in a second layer, the plurality of touch electrodes including a first touch electrode and a second touch electrode adjacent to the first touch electrode. The positions of the plurality of first electrical interruptions in the metal grid can define a first boundary between the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode. The plurality of first electrical interruptions can include a first electrical interruption, a second electrical interruption, and a third electrical interruption defined by different regions of the metal grid layer. A first axis passing through the positions of the first electrical interruption and the second electrical interruption can intersect (non-parallel axes) with a second axis passing through the positions of the first electrical interruption and the third electrical interruption. In addition to or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the distance between adjacent electrical interruptions in the electrical interruption defining the first boundary in the metal grid can be less than the length of one dimension of one of the plurality of display pixels. In addition to or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the plurality of display pixels can include a plurality of light emitting diodes disposed in the first layer opposite to an opening in the metal grid disposed in the second layer. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the plurality of first electrical interruptions defining the first boundary include: an electrical interruption in the metal mesh between a red light-emitting diode and a green light-emitting diode; an electrical interruption in the metal mesh between the red light-emitting diode and the blue light-emitting diode; an electrical interruption in the metal mesh between the green light-emitting diode and the blue light-emitting diode; or an electrical interruption in the metal mesh between the blue light-emitting diode and another blue light-emitting diode. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the plurality of first electrical interruptions defined in the metal mesh can include: an electrical interruption in the metal mesh between a red light-emitting diode and a green light-emitting diode; an electrical interruption in the metal mesh between the red light-emitting diode and the blue light-emitting diode; an electrical interruption in the metal mesh between the green light-emitting diode and the blue light-emitting diode; and an electrical interruption in the metal mesh between the blue light-emitting diode and another blue light-emitting diode. In addition to or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the touch screen can also include a first routing trace corresponding to the first touch electrode, the first routing trace being adjacent to the second touch electrode.The positions of the plurality of second electrical interruptions in the metal grid define a second boundary between the first wiring trace and the second touch electrode. The plurality of second electrical interruptions can include a fourth electrical interruption, a fifth electrical interruption, and a sixth electrical interruption defined by different regions of the metal grid layer. A third axis passing through the positions of the fourth electrical interruption and the fifth electrical interruption can intersect with a fourth axis passing through the positions of the fourth electrical interruption and the sixth electrical interruption. In addition to one or more of the examples disclosed above or as an alternative, in some examples, the touch screen can further include: wiring traces corresponding to one or more touch electrodes of the plurality of touch electrodes, the wiring traces including a first wiring trace corresponding to the first touch electrode and a second wiring trace corresponding to a third touch electrode of the plurality of touch electrodes, the first wiring trace being adjacent to the second wiring trace. The positions of the plurality of third electrical interruptions in the metal grid can define a second boundary between the first wiring trace and the second wiring trace. The plurality of second electrical interruptions can include a fourth electrical interruption, a fifth electrical interruption, and a sixth electrical interruption defined by different regions of the metal grid layer. A third axis passing through the positions of the fourth electrical interruption portion and the fifth electrical interruption portion can intersect with a fourth axis passing through the positions of the fourth electrical interruption portion and the sixth electrical interruption portion. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the metal grid of the first touch electrode can be at the same electrical potential. The metal grid of the first touch electrode can include a plurality of electrical interruptions inside the area of ​​the first touch electrode. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the plurality of electrical interruptions inside the area of ​​the first touch electrode can correspond to the plurality of first electrical interruptions in the metal grid that define the first boundary. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, a subset of the plurality of electrical interruptions inside the area of ​​the first touch electrode corresponding to a sub-area of ​​the area of ​​the first touch electrode can form a pattern of interruptions, and the pattern of interruptions can be repeated for additional sub-areas of the area of ​​the first touch electrode. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the pattern of the interrupted portion can be repeated for an area of ​​the second touch electrode and / or an area of ​​a third touch electrode of the plurality of touch electrodes.In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, one or more of the plurality of first electrical interruptions in the metal grid defining the first boundary or one or more of the plurality of electrical interruptions within the region of the first touch electrode can be located within a threshold distance of one or more intersections between metal grid lines. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, one or more of the plurality of first electrical interruptions in the metal grid defining the first boundary or one or more of the plurality of electrical interruptions within the region of the first touch electrode can be located at a threshold distance of a minimum light intensity emitted from the light emitting diode of the metal grid line adjacent to the light emitting diode or within the threshold distance of the minimum light intensity. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the metal grid of the first touch electrode can include one or more notches in one or more metal grid lines.

[0074] Some examples of the present disclosure relate to a portable consumer electronic device. The portable consumer electronic device can include: an energy storage device (e.g., a battery); a communication circuit (e.g., wired or wireless); and a touch screen. The touch screen can include a plurality of display pixels disposed in a first layer and a plurality of touch electrodes formed by a metal grid disposed in a second layer above the display pixels. The plurality of touch electrodes can include a first touch electrode and a second touch electrode adjacent to the first touch electrode. The positions of the plurality of first electrical interruptions in the metal grid can define a first boundary between the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode. The plurality of first electrical interruptions can include a first electrical interruption, a second electrical interruption, and a third electrical interruption defined by different regions of the metal grid layer. A first axis passing through the positions of the first electrical interruption and the second electrical interruption can intersect (non-parallel axes) with a second axis passing through the positions of the first electrical interruption and the third electrical interruption. In addition to or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the distance between adjacent electrical interruptions in the electrical interruption defining the first boundary in the metal grid can be less than the length of one dimension of one of the plurality of display pixels. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the portable consumer electronic device can further include a first wiring trace corresponding to the first touch electrode, the first wiring trace being adjacent to the second touch electrode. The location of the plurality of second electrical interruptions in the metal grid can define a second boundary between the first wiring trace and the second touch electrode. The plurality of second electrical interruptions can include a fourth electrical interruption, a fifth electrical interruption, and a sixth electrical interruption defined by different regions of the metal grid layer. A third axis passing through the location of the fourth electrical interruption and the fifth electrical interruption can intersect with a fourth axis passing through the location of the fourth electrical interruption and the sixth electrical interruption. In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, the metal grids of the first touch electrode can be at the same electrical potential, and the metal grids of the first touch electrode can include a plurality of electrical interruptions within the region of the first touch electrode. In addition to or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, a subset of the multiple electrical interrupt portions within the area of ​​the first touch electrode corresponding to a sub-area of ​​the area of ​​the first touch electrode can form a pattern of interrupt portions, and the pattern of interrupt portions can be repeated for additional sub-areas of the area of ​​the first touch electrode.In addition to or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, in some examples, one or more of the multiple first electrical interruptions in the metal grid that define the first boundary or one or more of the multiple electrical interruptions within the area of ​​the first touch electrode can be located within a threshold distance of one or more intersections between metal grid lines.

[0075] Although the examples of the present disclosure have been fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be noted that various changes and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art. It should be understood that such changes and modifications are considered to be included within the scope of the examples of the present disclosure defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A touch screen, comprising: a plurality of display pixels disposed in the first layer; as well as a plurality of touch electrodes formed of a metal mesh disposed in the second layer, the plurality of touch electrodes including a first touch electrode and a second touch electrode adjacent to the first touch electrode, wherein the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode do not overlap and are electrically isolated from each other, and wherein the first touch electrode measures a touch at a first location on the touch screen and the second touch electrode measures a touch at a second location on the touch screen different from the first location; wherein positions of a plurality of first electrical interruptions in the metal grid define a first boundary between the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode, the plurality of first electrical interruptions comprising a first electrical interruption, a second electrical interruption, and a third electrical interruption defined by different regions of the second layer; wherein a first axis passing through the locations of the first electrical interruption portion and the second electrical interruption portion intersects a second axis passing through the locations of the first electrical interruption portion and the third electrical interruption portion; The metal grid of the first touch electrode includes a plurality of electrical interruptions within the area of ​​the first touch electrode, and the plurality of electrical interruptions within the area of ​​the first touch electrode correspond to the plurality of first electrical interruptions in the metal grid that define the first boundary, wherein the metal grid of the first touch electrode is at the same electrical potential.

2. The touch screen of claim 1 , wherein a distance between adjacent ones of the electrical interrupt portions in the metal grid that define the first boundary is less than a length of one dimension of one of the plurality of display pixels. 3 . The touch screen of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of display pixels comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes disposed in the first layer opposite openings in the metal grid disposed in the second layer.

4. The touch screen of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of first electrical interruption portions defining the first boundary include: an electrical break in the metal grid between the red LED and the green LED; an electrical break in the metal grid between the red LED and the blue LED; an electrical break in the metal grid between the green LED and the blue LED; or An electrical break in the metal grid between the blue light emitting diode and another blue light emitting diode.

5. The touch screen of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of first electrical interruption portions in the metal grid defining the first boundary include: an electrical break in the metal grid between the red LED and the green LED; an electrical break in the metal grid between the red LED and the blue LED; an electrical break in the metal grid between the green LED and the blue LED; as well as An electrical break in the metal grid between the blue light emitting diode and another blue light emitting diode.

6. The touch screen according to claim 1, further comprising: a first wiring trace corresponding to the first touch electrode, the first wiring trace being adjacent to the second touch electrode; wherein the locations of the plurality of second electrical interruptions in the metal grid define a second boundary between the first routing trace and the second touch electrode, the plurality of second electrical interruptions comprising a fourth electrical interruption, a fifth electrical interruption, and a sixth electrical interruption defined by different regions of the second layer; Wherein a third axis passing through the positions of the fourth electrical interruption portion and the fifth electrical interruption portion intersects with a fourth axis passing through the positions of the fourth electrical interruption portion and the sixth electrical interruption portion.

7. The touch screen according to claim 1, further comprising: a wiring trace corresponding to one or more touch electrodes among the plurality of touch electrodes, the wiring trace comprising a first wiring trace corresponding to the first touch electrode and a second wiring trace corresponding to a third touch electrode among the plurality of touch electrodes, the first wiring trace being adjacent to the second wiring trace; wherein the locations of the plurality of third electrical interruptions in the metal grid define a second boundary between the first routing trace and the second routing trace, the plurality of second electrical interruptions comprising a fourth electrical interruption, a fifth electrical interruption, and a sixth electrical interruption defined by different regions of the second layer; Wherein a third axis passing through the positions of the fourth electrical interruption portion and the fifth electrical interruption portion intersects with a fourth axis passing through the positions of the fourth electrical interruption portion and the sixth electrical interruption portion.

8. A touch screen according to claim 1, wherein a subset of the multiple electrical interrupt portions within the area of ​​the first touch electrode corresponding to a sub-area of ​​the area of ​​the first touch electrode forms a pattern of interrupt portions, and the pattern of interrupt portions is repeated for additional sub-areas of the area of ​​the first touch electrode. 9 . The touch screen of claim 8 , wherein a pattern of the interruption portion is repeated for a region of the second touch electrode and a region of a third touch electrode among the plurality of touch electrodes.

10. A touch screen according to claim 1, wherein one or more of the multiple first electrical interrupt portions defining the first boundary in the metal grid or one or more of the multiple electrical interrupt portions within the area of ​​the first touch electrode are located within a threshold distance of one or more intersections between metal grid lines.

11. A touch screen according to claim 10, wherein one or more of the multiple first electrical interrupt portions in the metal grid that define the first boundary or one or more of the multiple electrical interrupt portions within the area of ​​the first touch electrode are located at a threshold distance of the minimum light intensity emitted from the light emitting diode of the metal grid line adjacent to the light emitting diode or within the threshold distance of the minimum light intensity. 12 . The touch screen of claim 1 , wherein the metal grid of the first touch electrode comprises one or more notches in one or more metal grid lines.

13. A portable consumer electronic device comprising: Energy storage equipment; Communication circuits; as well as Touch screen, including: a plurality of display pixels disposed in the first layer; and a plurality of touch electrodes formed of a metal mesh disposed in a second layer over the plurality of display pixels, the plurality of touch electrodes comprising a first touch electrode and a second touch electrode adjacent to the first touch electrode, wherein the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode do not overlap and are electrically isolated from each other, and wherein the first touch electrode measures a touch at a first location on the touch screen and the second touch electrode measures a touch at a second location on the touch screen different from the first location; wherein the positions of the plurality of first electrical interruption portions in the metal grid define a first boundary between the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode, the plurality of first electrical interruption portions including a first electrical interruption portion, a second electrical interruption portion, and a third electrical interruption portion defined by different regions of the second touch electrode; wherein a first axis passing through the locations of the first electrical interruption portion and the second electrical interruption portion intersects a second axis passing through the locations of the first electrical interruption portion and the third electrical interruption portion; The metal grid of the first touch electrode has a plurality of electrical interruptions within an area including the first touch electrode, and the plurality of electrical interruptions within the area of ​​the first touch electrode correspond to the plurality of first electrical interruptions in the metal grid that define the first boundary, wherein the metal grid of the first touch electrode is at the same electrical potential.

14. The portable consumer electronic device of claim 13, wherein a distance between adjacent ones of the electrical breaks in the metal grid that define the first boundary is less than a length of one dimension of one of the plurality of display pixels.

15. The portable consumer electronic device of claim 13, further comprising: a first wiring trace corresponding to the first touch electrode, the first wiring trace being adjacent to the second touch electrode; wherein the locations of the plurality of second electrical interruptions in the metal grid define a second boundary between the first routing trace and the second touch electrode, the plurality of second electrical interruptions comprising a fourth electrical interruption, a fifth electrical interruption, and a sixth electrical interruption defined by different regions of the second layer; Wherein a third axis passing through the positions of the fourth electrical interruption portion and the fifth electrical interruption portion intersects with a fourth axis passing through the positions of the fourth electrical interruption portion and the sixth electrical interruption portion.

16. A portable consumer electronic device according to claim 13, wherein a subset of the multiple electrical interrupt portions within the area of ​​the first touch electrode corresponding to a sub-area of ​​the area of ​​the first touch electrode forms a pattern of interrupt portions, and the pattern of interrupt portions is repeated for additional sub-areas of the area of ​​the first touch electrode.

17. A portable consumer electronic device according to claim 13, wherein one or more of the multiple first electrical interrupt portions defining the first boundary in the metal grid or one or more of the multiple electrical interrupt portions within the area of ​​the first touch electrode are located within a threshold distance of one or more intersections between the metal grid lines.

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