A solar cell capable of providing abnormal signals

Abstract

The present invention discloses a solar cell capable of providing an abnormal signal. A first reference voltage value and a second reference voltage value are provided in a state detection circuit. The first reference voltage value corresponds to a light threshold of sunlight. When the irradiated light is less than the light threshold, the state detection circuit does not output an abnormal signal and does not send out a warning signal. When the irradiated light is greater than or equal to the light threshold, the maximum value in the electrical signal connected to the state detection circuit will be greater than or equal to the first reference voltage value. When the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the electrical signal is greater than or equal to the second reference voltage value, an abnormal signal and a warning signal are output. When the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the electrical signal is less than the second reference voltage value, no abnormal signal and a warning signal are output. The advantage is that after being blocked by foreign objects, an alarm signal can be sent out, and an abnormal signal is generated in time and sent to the back-end circuit to notify management personnel, so that the management personnel can clean up the foreign objects in time to ensure the normal operation of the solar cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a solar cell, in particular to a solar cell capable of providing an abnormal signal. Background Art

[0002] A solar cell is a power supply device that converts solar energy into electrical energy and then outputs direct current. The stronger the sunlight (the greater the illumination) that shines on the solar cell, the stronger its electrical energy output capacity. Currently, the commonly used solar cells have a flat plate structure with a positive connection end and a negative connection end. The electrical energy generated by the solar cell is output between its positive connection end and the negative connection end. One of the surfaces of the solar cell is the light-receiving surface. When in use, the light-receiving surface faces the sun to receive sunlight. A plurality of solar cells are neatly arranged on the light-receiving surface of the solar cell. The larger the area of ​​the solar cell, the greater the output electrical energy. Each solar cell has a positive electrode and a negative electrode. When multiple solar cells are connected in parallel, a larger current can be obtained, and when multiple solar cells are connected in series, a higher voltage can be obtained. The multiple solar cells arranged on the light-receiving surface of the solar cell are connected in series or in parallel according to the voltage and current requirements used. The positive electrode of the solar cell at the starting end is connected to the positive output end of the solar cell, and the negative electrode of the solar cell at the tail end is connected to the negative output end of the solar cell.

[0003] Each solar cell includes a number of photocells, which are photoelectric devices with PN junctions, and each photocell has a positive electrode and a negative electrode. All photocells in a solar cell are connected in parallel, and the positive electrodes of all photocells are connected to the positive electrode of the solar cell, and the negative electrodes of all photocells are connected to the negative electrode of the solar cell. When the solar cell is evenly irradiated by sunlight, the voltage output by each photocell in each solar cell is consistent, and the voltage and current generated by each solar cell are also consistent. At this time, the solar cell achieves an ideal power output. Once some photocells in a solar cell in a solar cell are blocked from light, the current and voltage generated by the blocked photocells will be significantly lower than those of other photocells that are not blocked from light. At this time, the photocells that generate higher voltages output current to the photocells that generate lower voltages to achieve the same voltage at both ends of each photocell, which not only causes the output power of the solar cell to decrease, but may also damage the photocells in the blocked light. For multiple solar cells connected in series in a solar cell, if some photocells in one of the solar cells are blocked from light, then this solar cell will become a load for other solar cells that are not blocked from light, affecting the power output of the solar cell. Therefore, when using solar cells, it is required that the light-receiving surface of the solar cell be kept clean, and that the light exposure to each solar cell on the light-receiving surface be consistent, so that it can achieve ideal photoelectric conversion performance. However, when using solar cells, their application places are all exposed to the outdoor environment, and they will inevitably be affected by various external environmental factors. For example, when foreign objects such as dust and leaves block the light-receiving surface of the solar cell, it is difficult for the management personnel to know the situation in time, which will affect the normal operation of the solar cell. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a solar cell that can provide an abnormal signal. When the light-receiving surface of the solar cell is blocked by foreign matter, the solar cell can send out an alarm signal and promptly generate an abnormal signal to send to the back-end circuit to notify the management personnel so that the management personnel can clean up the foreign matter in time to ensure the normal operation of the solar cell.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a solar cell capable of providing an abnormal signal, having a positive connection terminal and a negative connection terminal, comprising n battery cells with the same performance, n being an integer greater than or equal to 2, each of the battery cells having a positive electrode and a negative electrode, each of the battery cells being respectively formed by m solar cells connected in series or in parallel, m being an integer greater than or equal to 1, The n battery cells or positive electrodes are connected to each other and their connection ends are connected to the positive connection end of the solar cell, or the negative electrodes are connected to each other and their connection ends are connected to the negative connection end of the solar cell. The solar cell also includes a state detection circuit, which has n input ends, an output end and a common end. When the positive electrodes of the n battery cells are connected to each other and their connection ends are connected to the positive connection end of the solar cell, the common end of the state detection circuit is connected to the negative connection end of the solar cell. The n input ends of the state detection circuit are connected to the negative electrodes of the n battery cells in a one-to-one correspondence. When the negative electrodes of the n battery cells are connected to each other and their connection ends are connected to the negative connection end of the solar cell, the common end of the state detection circuit is connected to the positive connection end of the solar cell. The n input ends of the state detection circuit are connected to the positive electrodes of the n battery cells in a one-to-one correspondence. A first reference voltage value and a second reference voltage value are set in the state detection circuit. The strength of the electrical signal connected to the n input ends of the state detection circuit corresponds to the illuminance of the sunlight received by the solar cell. The first reference voltage value corresponds to the illumination threshold of sunlight. When the illumination of sunlight irradiated on the solar cell is less than the illumination threshold, it is considered that the solar cell may be blocked by surrounding inherent objects. At this time, the output end of the state detection circuit does not output an abnormal signal, and the state detection circuit does not issue a warning signal. When the illumination of sunlight irradiated on the solar cell is greater than or equal to the illumination threshold, it is considered that the solar cell is not blocked by surrounding inherent objects. At this time, the maximum value of the n electrical signals connected to the n input ends of the state detection circuit will be greater than or equal to the first reference voltage value. When the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the n electrical signals is greater than or equal to the second reference voltage value, it is considered that part of the light-receiving surface of the solar cell is abnormally blocked by foreign objects. At this time, the output end of the state detection circuit outputs an abnormal signal, and the state detection circuit issues a warning signal; when the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the n electrical signals is less than the second reference voltage value, it is considered that the light-receiving surface of the solar cell is not abnormally blocked by foreign objects. The output end of the state detection circuit does not output an abnormal signal, and the state detection circuit does not issue a warning signal.

[0006] The solar cell includes two battery cells with the same performance, that is, the value of n is 2, the positive poles of the two battery cells are connected to each other and their connection ends are connected to the positive connection end of the solar cell, the two battery cells are respectively referred to as the first battery cell and the second battery cell, at this time, the number of input ends of the state detection circuit is two, the two input ends of the state detection circuit are respectively referred to as the first input end and the second input end, the first input end of the state detection circuit is connected to the negative pole of the first battery cell, the second input end of the state detection circuit is connected to the negative pole of the second battery cell, the state detection circuit also has a positive pole for connecting to the working voltage, the state detection circuit The positive electrode of the state detection circuit is connected to the positive connection end of the solar cell, the state detection circuit includes a sampling circuit, a signal amplifying circuit, a negative voltage output circuit, a voltage comparison circuit and a signal output circuit, the sampling circuit has a first input terminal, a second input terminal and a common terminal, the signal amplifying circuit has a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a ground terminal, a first input terminal, a second input terminal, a first output terminal and a second output terminal, the negative voltage output circuit has a ground terminal, an input terminal and an output terminal, the negative voltage output circuit is used to convert the positive voltage connected to its input terminal into a negative voltage and output it from its output terminal, the voltage comparison circuit has a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a first input terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal, the first The reference voltage value and the second reference voltage value are set in the voltage comparison circuit. The signal output circuit has a positive pole, a negative pole, an input terminal and an output terminal. The first input terminal of the sampling circuit is connected to the first input terminal of the signal amplifying circuit and the connection terminal is the first input terminal of the state detection circuit; the second input terminal of the sampling circuit is connected to the second input terminal of the signal amplifying circuit and the connection terminal is the second input terminal of the state detection circuit; the first output terminal of the signal amplifying circuit is connected to the first input terminal of the voltage comparison circuit, the second output terminal of the signal amplifying circuit is connected to the second input terminal of the voltage comparison circuit, and the voltage comparison circuit The output end is connected to the input end of the signal output circuit; the output end of the negative voltage output circuit is connected to the negative electrode of the signal amplifying circuit; the input end of the negative voltage output circuit, the positive electrode of the signal amplifying circuit, the positive electrode of the voltage comparison circuit and the positive electrode of the signal output circuit are connected and their connection end is the positive electrode of the state detection circuit, the ground end of the negative voltage output circuit, the common end of the sampling circuit, the ground end of the signal amplifying circuit, the negative electrode of the voltage comparison circuit and the negative electrode of the signal output circuit are connected and their connection end is the common end of the state detection circuit; the output end of the signal output circuit is the output end of the state detection circuit;When the solar cell is exposed to sunlight, it outputs voltage. A voltage is connected between the positive pole and the common end of the state detection circuit. At this time, the output end of the negative voltage output circuit outputs a negative voltage. The signal amplification circuit, the voltage comparison circuit and the signal output circuit are connected to the working voltage and enter the working state. When the first battery unit and the second battery unit output current, the greater the output current, the greater the voltage signal connected to the first input end and the second input end of the sampling circuit. The voltage signals connected to the first input end and the second input end of the sampling circuit are respectively amplified by the signal amplification circuit in the same proportion and then output two amplified voltage signals. The voltage comparison circuit is connected to the two amplified voltage signals output by the signal amplification circuit. When the larger value of the two amplified voltage signals is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage value, and the difference between the two amplified voltage signals is greater than or equal to the second reference voltage value, the output end of the voltage comparison circuit outputs a 1 level. Otherwise, the output end of the voltage comparison circuit outputs a 0 level. When the input end of the signal output circuit is connected to a 1 level, the output end of the signal output circuit outputs a 0 level abnormal signal and issues a warning signal. When the input end of the signal output circuit is connected to a 0 level, the output end of the signal output circuit outputs a 1 level and does not issue a warning signal. ;

[0007] The voltage comparison circuit includes a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, a fifth diode, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor and a first integrated circuit. The first integrated circuit adopts a dual-path voltage comparator integrated circuit with a reference model of LM393. The first diode, the second diode, the third diode and the fourth diode are all rectifier diodes. The fifth diode is a voltage regulator diode. The cathode of the first diode is connected to the anode of the fourth diode and the connection end thereof is the first input end of the voltage comparison circuit. The cathode of the second diode is connected to the anode of the third diode and the connection end thereof is the second input end of the voltage comparison circuit. The anode of the first diode, the anode of the second diode, one end of the first resistor, one end of the third resistor and the first integrated circuit are connected to each other. The second pin of the circuit is connected, the cathode of the third diode, the cathode of the fourth diode, one end of the second resistor, the third pin of the first integrated circuit and the fifth pin of the first integrated circuit are connected, one end of the fourth resistor, the cathode of the fifth diode and the sixth pin of the first integrated circuit are connected, the first pin of the first integrated circuit, the seventh pin of the first integrated circuit and one end of the fifth resistor are connected and the connection end is the output end of the voltage comparison circuit, the other end of the first resistor, the other end of the fourth resistor, the other end of the fifth resistor are connected to the eighth pin of the first integrated circuit and the connection end is the positive electrode of the voltage comparison circuit, the other end of the second resistor, the other end of the third resistor, the positive electrode of the fifth diode and the fourth pin of the first integrated circuit U1 are connected and the connection end is the negative electrode of the voltage comparison circuit. The voltage comparison circuit uses the first diode, the second diode, the first resistor and the third resistor to form a smaller voltage acquisition circuit. The voltage value actually obtained by the smaller voltage acquisition circuit is higher than the lower voltage of the two voltages input from the first input terminal and the second input terminal by Vd, and Vd is the forward conduction voltage of the fifth diode. The third diode, the fourth diode and the second resistor form a larger voltage acquisition circuit. The voltage value actually obtained by the larger voltage acquisition circuit is higher than the higher voltage Vd of the two voltages input from its first input terminal and the second input terminal. When the larger voltage and the smaller voltage are output to the forward input terminal and the reverse input terminal of a voltage comparison circuit, a second reference voltage of 2Vd is obtained. Therefore, the voltage comparison circuit structure is cleverly designed and low in cost.

[0008] The signal output circuit includes a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an LED light emitting diode and a first transistor, the base of the first transistor is the input end of the signal output circuit, the collector of the first transistor is connected to one end of the seventh resistor and the connection end is the output end of the signal output circuit, the emitter of the first transistor is the cathode of the signal output circuit, the other end of the seventh resistor, one end of the sixth resistor and the cathode of the LED light emitting diode are connected, and the anode of the LED light emitting diode is connected to the other end of the sixth resistor and the connection end is the cathode of the signal output circuit.

[0009] The sampling circuit includes an eighth resistor and a ninth resistor, one end of the eighth resistor is the first input end of the sampling circuit, one end of the ninth resistor is the second input end of the sampling circuit, the other end of the eighth resistor is connected to the other end of the ninth resistor and the connection end is the common end of the sampling circuit.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages that by setting a state detection circuit, n battery cells or positive electrodes are connected to each other and their connection ends are connected to the positive connection end of the solar cell, or negative electrodes are connected to each other and their connection ends are connected to the negative connection end of the solar cell, the state detection circuit has n input ends, output ends and a common end, when the positive electrodes of the n battery cells are connected to each other and their connection ends are connected to the positive connection end of the solar cell, the common end of the state detection circuit is connected to the negative connection end of the solar cell, the n input ends of the state detection circuit are connected to the negative electrodes of the n battery cells one by one, and when the n battery cells When the negative electrodes of the state detection circuits are connected to each other and their connection ends are connected to the negative connection end of the solar cell, the common end of the state detection circuit is connected to the positive connection end of the solar cell, and the n input ends of the state detection circuit are connected to the positive electrodes of the n battery cells one by one. The state detection circuit is provided with a first reference voltage value and a second reference voltage value. The strength of the electrical signal connected to the n input ends of the state detection circuit corresponds to the illuminance of the sunlight received by the solar cell. The first reference voltage value corresponds to the illumination threshold of the sunlight. When the illumination of the sunlight irradiated on the solar cell is less than the illumination threshold, it is considered that the solar cell may be damaged by the surrounding inherent When the light is blocked by an object, the output end of the state detection circuit does not output an abnormal signal, and the state detection circuit does not send out a warning signal. When the light intensity of the sunlight irradiating on the solar cell is greater than or equal to the light threshold, it is considered that the solar cell is not blocked by the surrounding inherent objects. At this time, the maximum value of the n electrical signals connected to the n input ends of the state detection circuit will be greater than or equal to the first reference voltage value. When the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the n electrical signals is greater than or equal to the second reference voltage value, it is considered that part of the light-receiving surface of the solar cell is abnormally blocked by foreign objects. At this time, the output end of the state detection circuit outputs an abnormal signal. When the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the n electrical signals is less than the second reference voltage value, it is considered that the light-receiving surface of the solar cell is not abnormally blocked by foreign objects, the output end of the state detection circuit does not output an abnormal signal, and the state detection circuit does not send out a warning signal. Therefore, the present invention can detect whether the light-receiving surface of the solar cell is blocked by foreign objects. After the light-receiving surface of the solar cell is blocked by foreign objects, an alarm signal can be sent out, and an abnormal signal can be generated in time to be sent to the back-end circuit to notify the management personnel, so that the management personnel can clean up the foreign objects in time to ensure the normal operation of the solar cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 The structural block diagram of the solar cell capable of providing abnormal signals of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 2 A structural block diagram of an embodiment of a solar cell capable of providing an abnormal signal according to the present invention;

[0013] Figure 3 A structural block diagram of a state detection circuit of an embodiment of a solar cell capable of providing an abnormal signal according to the present invention;

[0014] Figure 4 A circuit diagram of a voltage comparison circuit and a signal output circuit of an embodiment of a solar cell capable of providing an abnormal signal of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 5 The circuit diagram of the sampling circuit of the embodiment of the solar cell capable of providing an abnormal signal according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] Example: Figure 1As shown, a solar cell capable of providing an abnormal signal has a positive connection terminal and a negative connection terminal, and includes n battery cells with the same performance, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, each battery cell has a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and each battery cell is formed by connecting m solar cells in series or in parallel, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 1. n battery cells or positive electrodes are connected to each other and their connection ends are connected to the positive connection end of the solar cell, or negative electrodes are connected to each other and their connection ends are connected to the negative connection end of the solar cell. The solar cell also includes a state detection circuit, which has n input ends, an output end and a common end. When the positive electrodes of the n battery cells are connected to each other and their connection ends are connected to the positive connection end of the solar cell, the common end of the state detection circuit is connected to the negative connection end of the solar cell, and the n input ends of the state detection circuit are connected to the negative electrodes of the n battery cells in a one-to-one correspondence. When the negative electrodes of the n battery cells are connected to each other and their connection ends are connected to the negative connection end of the solar cell, the common end of the state detection circuit is connected to the positive connection end of the solar cell, and the n input ends of the state detection circuit are connected to the positive electrodes of the n battery cells in a one-to-one correspondence. A first reference voltage value and a second reference voltage value are set in the state detection circuit (the first reference voltage value and the second reference voltage value are set according to actual practical needs). The strength of the electrical signal connected to the n input ends of the state detection circuit corresponds to the illuminance of the sunlight received by the solar cell. A reference voltage value corresponds to the illumination threshold of sunlight. When the illumination of sunlight irradiating on the solar cell is less than the illumination threshold, it is considered that the solar cell may be blocked by surrounding inherent objects. At this time, the output end of the state detection circuit does not output an abnormal signal, and the state detection circuit does not send out a warning signal. When the illumination of sunlight irradiating on the solar cell is greater than or equal to the illumination threshold, it is considered that the solar cell is not blocked by surrounding inherent objects. At this time, the maximum value of the n electrical signals connected to the n input ends of the state detection circuit will be greater than or equal to the first reference voltage value. When the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the n electrical signals is greater than or equal to the second reference voltage value, it is considered that part of the light-receiving surface of the solar cell is abnormally blocked by foreign objects. At this time, the output end of the state detection circuit outputs an abnormal signal, and the state detection circuit sends out a warning signal; when the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the n electrical signals is less than the second reference voltage value, it is considered that the light-receiving surface of the solar cell is not abnormally blocked by foreign objects. The output end of the state detection circuit does not output an abnormal signal, and the state detection circuit does not send out a warning signal.

[0018] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, the solar cell includes two battery cells with the same performance, that is, the value of n is 2, the positive electrodes of the two battery cells are connected to each other and the connection ends thereof are connected to the positive connection end of the solar cell, the two battery cells are respectively referred to as the first battery cell and the second battery cell, at this time, the number of input ends of the state detection circuit is two, the two input ends of the state detection circuit are respectively referred to as the first input end and the second input end, the first input end of the state detection circuit is connected to the negative electrode of the first battery cell, the second input end of the state detection circuit is connected to the negative electrode of the second battery cell, and the state detection circuit also has a The positive electrode of the state detection circuit is connected to the positive connection end of the working voltage, and the positive electrode of the state detection circuit is connected to the positive connection end of the solar cell. The state detection circuit includes a sampling circuit, a signal amplifying circuit, a negative voltage output circuit, a voltage comparison circuit and a signal output circuit. The sampling circuit has a first input terminal, a second input terminal and a common terminal. The signal amplifying circuit has a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a ground terminal, a first input terminal, a second input terminal, a first output terminal and a second output terminal. The negative voltage output circuit has a ground terminal, an input terminal and an output terminal. The negative voltage output circuit is used to convert the positive voltage connected to its input terminal into a negative voltage and output it from its output terminal. The voltage comparison circuit has a positive electrode, The first reference voltage value and the second reference voltage value are set in the voltage comparison circuit, the signal output circuit has a positive pole, a negative pole, an input terminal and an output terminal, the first input terminal of the sampling circuit is connected to the first input terminal of the signal amplifying circuit and the connection terminal thereof is the first input terminal of the state detection circuit; the second input terminal of the sampling circuit is connected to the second input terminal of the signal amplifying circuit and the connection terminal thereof is the second input terminal of the state detection circuit; the first output terminal of the signal amplifying circuit is connected to the first input terminal of the voltage comparison circuit, the second output terminal of the signal amplifying circuit is connected to the second input terminal of the voltage comparison circuit The input end is connected, the output end of the voltage comparison circuit is connected to the input end of the signal output circuit; the output end of the negative voltage output circuit is connected to the negative electrode of the signal amplifying circuit; the input end of the negative voltage output circuit, the positive electrode of the signal amplifying circuit, the positive electrode of the voltage comparison circuit and the positive electrode of the signal output circuit are connected and their connection end is the positive electrode of the state detection circuit, the ground end of the negative voltage output circuit, the common end of the sampling circuit, the ground end of the signal amplifying circuit, the negative electrode of the voltage comparison circuit and the negative electrode of the signal output circuit are connected and their connection end is the common end of the state detection circuit; the output end of the signal output circuit is the output end of the state detection circuit;When the solar cell is exposed to sunlight, it outputs voltage, and there is voltage access between the positive pole and the common end of the state detection circuit. At this time, the output end of the negative voltage output circuit outputs negative voltage, and the signal amplification circuit, the voltage comparison circuit and the signal output circuit are connected to the working voltage to enter the working state. When the first battery unit and the second battery unit output current, the larger the output current, the larger the voltage signal connected to the first input end and the second input end of the sampling circuit. The voltage signals connected to the first input end and the second input end of the sampling circuit are respectively amplified by the signal amplification circuit in the same proportion and output two amplified voltage signals. The voltage comparison circuit is connected to the two amplified voltage signals output by the signal amplification circuit. When the larger value of the two amplified voltage signals is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage value, and the difference between the two amplified voltage signals is greater than or equal to the second reference voltage value, the output end of the voltage comparison circuit outputs 1 level, otherwise the output end of the voltage comparison circuit outputs 0 level. When the input end of the signal output circuit is connected to 1 level, the output end of the signal output circuit outputs 0 level abnormal signal and sends out a warning signal. When the input end of the signal output circuit is connected to 0 level, the output end of the signal output circuit outputs 1 level and does not send out a warning signal. ;

[0019] like Figure 4As shown, in this embodiment, the voltage comparison circuit includes a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a fourth diode D4, a fifth diode D5, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5 and a first integrated circuit U1. The first integrated circuit U1 adopts a dual-path voltage comparator integrated circuit with a reference model of LM393. The first diode D1, the second diode D2, the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4 are all rectifier diodes. The fifth diode D5 is a voltage regulator diode. The cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the anode of the fourth diode D4 and the connection end thereof is the first input end of the voltage comparison circuit. The cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the anode of the third diode D3 and the connection end thereof is the second input end of the voltage comparison circuit. The anode of the first diode D1, the anode of the second diode D2, one end of the first resistor R1, One end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the second pin of the first integrated circuit U1, the cathode of the third diode D3, the cathode of the fourth diode D4, one end of the second resistor R2, the third pin of the first integrated circuit U1 and the fifth pin of the first integrated circuit U1 are connected, one end of the fourth resistor R4, the cathode of the fifth diode D5 and the sixth pin of the first integrated circuit U1 are connected, the first pin of the first integrated circuit U1, the seventh pin of the first integrated circuit U1 and one end of the fifth resistor R5 are connected and the connection end thereof is the output end of the voltage comparison circuit, the other end of the first resistor R1, the other end of the fourth resistor R4 and the other end of the fifth resistor R5 are connected to the eighth pin of the first integrated circuit U1 and the connection end thereof is the positive electrode of the voltage comparison circuit, the other end of the second resistor R2, the other end of the third resistor R3 and the positive electrode of the fifth diode D5 are connected to the fourth pin of the first integrated circuit U1 and the connection end thereof is the negative electrode of the voltage comparison circuit.

[0020] like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the signal output circuit includes a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an LED light emitting diode LED and a first transistor Q1, the base of the first transistor Q1 is the input end of the signal output circuit, the collector of the first transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the seventh resistor R7 and the connection end thereof is the output end of the signal output circuit, the emitter of the first transistor Q1 is the cathode of the signal output circuit, the other end of the seventh resistor R7, one end of the sixth resistor R6 and the cathode of the LED light emitting diode LED are connected, the anode of the LED light emitting diode LED is connected to the other end of the sixth resistor R6 and the connection end thereof is the cathode of the signal output circuit.

[0021] like Figure 5As shown, in this embodiment, the sampling circuit includes an eighth resistor R8 and a ninth resistor R9, one end of the eighth resistor R8 is a first input end of the sampling circuit, one end of the ninth resistor R9 is a second input end of the sampling circuit, and the other end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the other end of the ninth resistor R9, and the connection end thereof is a common end of the sampling circuit.

[0022] In this embodiment, the voltage of the connecting end of the anode of the first diode D1, the anode of the second diode D2, one end of the first resistor R1, one end of the third resistor R3 and the second pin of the first integrated circuit U1 of the voltage comparison circuit corresponds to the smaller voltage of the two voltages connected to the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the voltage comparison circuit, and its actual voltage is higher than the smaller voltage by Vd, where Vd is the forward conduction voltage of the fifth diode D5. The voltage of the connecting end of the anode of the third diode D3, the anode of the fourth diode D4, one end of the second resistor R2, the third pin of the first integrated circuit U1 and the fifth pin of the first integrated circuit U1 corresponds to the larger voltage of the two voltages connected to the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the voltage comparison circuit, and its actual voltage is lower than the larger voltage by Vd. Therefore, the second reference voltage of this embodiment is set to 2Vd, and the first reference voltage is the reference voltage of the cathode of the fifth diode D5.

[0023] In this embodiment, when the solar cell outputs current, the voltage of the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the sampling circuit relative to the common terminal is negative. At this time, the signal amplifier circuit needs to adopt a reverse input mode. When the input terminal signal of the signal amplifier circuit is negative, the voltage of its output terminal is positive. The signal amplifier circuit adopts a voltage amplifier circuit composed of a linear operational amplifier integrated circuit of conventional technology. The voltage amplification coefficient of the two paths of the voltage amplifier circuit is the same. When the input voltage is less than or equal to zero, the output voltage is greater than or equal to zero. The negative voltage output circuit adopts a circuit composed of a charge pump voltage inverter integrated circuit with mature technology to convert the positive voltage of the input terminal into a negative voltage output.

Claims

1. A solar cell capable of providing an abnormal signal, having a positive connection terminal and a negative connection terminal, comprising n battery cells with the same performance, n being an integer greater than or equal to 2, each of the battery cells having a positive electrode and a negative electrode, each of the battery cells being composed of m solar cells connected in series or in parallel, m being an integer greater than or equal to 1, characterized in that The n battery cells or positive electrodes are connected to each other and their connection ends are connected to the positive connection end of the solar cell, or the negative electrodes are connected to each other and their connection ends are connected to the negative connection end of the solar cell. The solar cell also includes a state detection circuit, which has n input ends, an output end and a common end. When the positive electrodes of the n battery cells are connected to each other and their connection ends are connected to the positive connection end of the solar cell, the common end of the state detection circuit is connected to the negative connection end of the solar cell. The n input ends of the state detection circuit are connected to the negative electrodes of the n battery cells in a one-to-one correspondence. When the negative electrodes of the n battery cells are connected to each other and their connection ends are connected to the negative connection end of the solar cell, the common end of the state detection circuit is connected to the positive connection end of the solar cell. The n input ends of the state detection circuit are connected to the positive electrodes of the n battery cells in a one-to-one correspondence. A first reference voltage value and a second reference voltage value are set in the state detection circuit. The strength of the electrical signal connected to the n input ends of the state detection circuit corresponds to the illuminance of the sunlight received by the solar cell. The first reference voltage value corresponds to the illumination threshold of sunlight. When the illumination of sunlight irradiated on the solar cell is less than the illumination threshold, it is considered that the solar cell may be blocked by surrounding inherent objects. At this time, the output end of the state detection circuit does not output an abnormal signal, and the state detection circuit does not issue a warning signal. When the illumination of sunlight irradiated on the solar cell is greater than or equal to the illumination threshold, it is considered that the solar cell is not blocked by surrounding inherent objects. At this time, the maximum value of the n electrical signals connected to the n input ends of the state detection circuit will be greater than or equal to the first reference voltage value. When the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the n electrical signals is greater than or equal to the second reference voltage value, it is considered that part of the light-receiving surface of the solar cell is abnormally blocked by foreign objects. At this time, the output end of the state detection circuit outputs an abnormal signal, and the state detection circuit issues a warning signal. When the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the n electrical signals is less than the second reference voltage value, it is considered that the light-receiving surface of the solar cell is not abnormally blocked by foreign objects. The output end of the state detection circuit does not output an abnormal signal, and the state detection circuit does not issue a warning signal. The solar cell includes two battery cells with the same performance, that is, the value of n is 2, the positive poles of the two battery cells are connected to each other and their connection ends are connected to the positive connection end of the solar cell, the two battery cells are respectively referred to as the first battery cell and the second battery cell, at this time, the number of input ends of the state detection circuit is two, the two input ends of the state detection circuit are respectively referred to as the first input end and the second input end, the first input end of the state detection circuit is connected to the negative pole of the first battery cell, the second input end of the state detection circuit is connected to the negative pole of the second battery cell, the state detection circuit also has a positive pole for connecting to the working voltage, the state detection circuit The positive electrode of the state detection circuit is connected to the positive connection end of the solar cell, the state detection circuit includes a sampling circuit, a signal amplifying circuit, a negative voltage output circuit, a voltage comparison circuit and a signal output circuit, the sampling circuit has a first input terminal, a second input terminal and a common terminal, the signal amplifying circuit has a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a ground terminal, a first input terminal, a second input terminal, a first output terminal and a second output terminal, the negative voltage output circuit has a ground terminal, an input terminal and an output terminal, the negative voltage output circuit is used to convert the positive voltage connected to its input terminal into a negative voltage and output it from its output terminal, the voltage comparison circuit has a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a first input terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal, the first The reference voltage value and the second reference voltage value are set in the voltage comparison circuit. The signal output circuit has a positive pole, a negative pole, an input terminal and an output terminal. The first input terminal of the sampling circuit is connected to the first input terminal of the signal amplifying circuit and the connection terminal is the first input terminal of the state detection circuit; the second input terminal of the sampling circuit is connected to the second input terminal of the signal amplifying circuit and the connection terminal is the second input terminal of the state detection circuit; the first output terminal of the signal amplifying circuit is connected to the first input terminal of the voltage comparison circuit, the second output terminal of the signal amplifying circuit is connected to the second input terminal of the voltage comparison circuit, and the voltage comparison circuit The output end is connected to the input end of the signal output circuit; the output end of the negative voltage output circuit is connected to the negative electrode of the signal amplifying circuit; the input end of the negative voltage output circuit, the positive electrode of the signal amplifying circuit, the positive electrode of the voltage comparison circuit and the positive electrode of the signal output circuit are connected and their connection end is the positive electrode of the state detection circuit, the ground end of the negative voltage output circuit, the common end of the sampling circuit, the ground end of the signal amplifying circuit, the negative electrode of the voltage comparison circuit and the negative electrode of the signal output circuit are connected and their connection end is the common end of the state detection circuit; the output end of the signal output circuit is the output end of the state detection circuit; When the solar cell is exposed to sunlight, it outputs voltage. A voltage is connected between the positive pole and the common end of the state detection circuit. At this time, the output end of the negative voltage output circuit outputs a negative voltage. The signal amplification circuit, the voltage comparison circuit and the signal output circuit are connected to the working voltage and enter the working state. When the first battery unit and the second battery unit output current, the greater the output current, the greater the voltage signal connected to the first input end and the second input end of the sampling circuit. The voltage signals connected to the first input end and the second input end of the sampling circuit are respectively amplified by the signal amplification circuit in the same proportion and then output two amplified voltage signals. The voltage comparison circuit is connected to the two amplified voltage signals output by the signal amplification circuit. When the larger value of the two amplified voltage signals is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage value, and the difference between the two amplified voltage signals is greater than or equal to the second reference voltage value, the output end of the voltage comparison circuit outputs a 1 level. Otherwise, the output end of the voltage comparison circuit outputs a 0 level. When the input end of the signal output circuit is connected to a 1 level, the output end of the signal output circuit outputs a 0 level abnormal signal and issues a warning signal. When the input end of the signal output circuit is connected to a 0 level, the output end of the signal output circuit outputs a 1 level and does not issue a warning signal. The voltage comparison circuit includes a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, a fifth diode, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor and a first integrated circuit. The first integrated circuit adopts a dual-path voltage comparator integrated circuit with a reference model of LM393. The first diode, the second diode, the third diode and the fourth diode are all rectifier diodes. The fifth diode is a voltage regulator diode. The cathode of the first diode is connected to the anode of the fourth diode and the connection end thereof is the first input end of the voltage comparison circuit. The cathode of the second diode is connected to the anode of the third diode and the connection end thereof is the second input end of the voltage comparison circuit. The anode of the first diode, the anode of the second diode, one end of the first resistor, one end of the third resistor and the first integrated circuit are connected to each other. The second pin of the circuit is connected, the cathode of the third diode, the cathode of the fourth diode, one end of the second resistor, the third pin of the first integrated circuit and the fifth pin of the first integrated circuit are connected, one end of the fourth resistor, the cathode of the fifth diode and the sixth pin of the first integrated circuit are connected, the first pin of the first integrated circuit, the seventh pin of the first integrated circuit and one end of the fifth resistor are connected and the connection end thereof is the output end of the voltage comparison circuit, the other end of the first resistor, the other end of the fourth resistor, the other end of the fifth resistor are connected to the eighth pin of the first integrated circuit and the connection end thereof is the positive electrode of the voltage comparison circuit, the other end of the second resistor, the other end of the third resistor, the positive electrode of the fifth diode and the fourth pin of the first integrated circuit U1 are connected and the connection end thereof is the negative electrode of the voltage comparison circuit; The signal output circuit includes a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an LED light emitting diode and a first transistor, the base of the first transistor is the input end of the signal output circuit, the collector of the first transistor is connected to one end of the seventh resistor and the connection end is the output end of the signal output circuit, the emitter of the first transistor is the cathode of the signal output circuit, the other end of the seventh resistor, one end of the sixth resistor and the cathode of the LED light emitting diode are connected, and the anode of the LED light emitting diode is connected to the other end of the sixth resistor and the connection end is the cathode of the signal output circuit.

2. A solar cell capable of providing an abnormal signal according to claim 1, characterized in that The sampling circuit includes an eighth resistor and a ninth resistor, one end of the eighth resistor is the first input end of the sampling circuit, one end of the ninth resistor is the second input end of the sampling circuit, the other end of the eighth resistor is connected to the other end of the ninth resistor and the connection end is the common end of the sampling circuit.

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