A hybrid vibration energy harvester based on mechanical rectification

Abstract

The present application provides a hybrid vibration energy collector based on mechanical rectification, including a chassis, on which a mechanical rectification device, an electromagnetic induction module and a piezoelectric friction power generation module are provided, the mechanical rectification device is transmission-connected to the electromagnetic induction module and transmits unidirectional torque to the electromagnetic induction module, and the mechanical rectification device is transmission-connected to the piezoelectric friction power generation module and transmits bidirectional torque to the piezoelectric friction power generation module. The present application utilizes a mechanical rectification device to collect vibration energy from a vibration source, and utilizes a mechanical rectification device to convert input linear vibrations into unidirectional and bidirectional rotations respectively so that the outputs of both power generation modules can be maximized, thereby improving energy utilization and output stability, and is an excellent solution for sensor power supply.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of energy collection, and specifically relates to a hybrid vibration energy collector based on mechanical rectification. [Background technology]

[0002] In the past decade, energy harvesting technology has made significant progress. Domestic and foreign scholars have studied and developed a variety of energy harvesters. By implementing various conversion mechanisms such as photovoltaic, thermoelectric, thermoelectric, piezoelectric, electromagnetic, triboelectric, etc., they collect surrounding renewable / sustainable energy (such as vibration energy) and convert it into electrical energy, thereby providing sustainable power solutions. Currently, energy harvesters are usually designed to harvest energy using a single conversion mechanism. However, energy harvesters with a single conversion mechanism usually have problems with poor stability or low energy collection efficiency. [Summary of the invention]

[0003] The purpose of this application is to utilize the characteristics of different power generation methods so that the energy collector has a more considerable energy output at each stage of the vibration source movement cycle, thereby improving the stability of power generation and output voltage without significantly increasing the size and mass of the device.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A hybrid vibration energy collector based on mechanical rectification comprises a chassis, on which a mechanical rectification device, an electromagnetic induction module and a piezoelectric friction power generation module are provided. The mechanical rectification device is transmission-connected to the electromagnetic induction module and transmits unidirectional torque to the electromagnetic induction module. The mechanical rectification device is transmission-connected to the piezoelectric friction power generation module and transmits bidirectional torque to the piezoelectric friction power generation module.

[0006] As described above, a hybrid vibration energy collector based on mechanical rectification, the mechanical rectification device includes a transmission gear and a transmission rack meshing with the transmission gear, a one-way bearing is provided on one side of the transmission gear, the outer ring of the one-way bearing is connected to the transmission gear, the inner ring of the one-way bearing is connected to the first output shaft, the electromagnetic induction module is connected to the first output shaft, a second output shaft is provided on the other side of the transmission gear, and the piezoelectric friction power generation module is connected to the second output shaft.

[0007] In a hybrid vibration energy collector based on mechanical rectification as described above, the electromagnetic induction module includes a coil rotor, a multi-polar magnetic ring sleeved outside the coil rotor, and a first outer cylinder sleeved outside the multi-polar magnetic ring and fixedly connected to the multi-polar magnetic ring, the first outer cylinder is fixedly connected to the chassis, one end of the coil rotor is connected to the first output shaft, and the other end of the coil rotor is provided with an inertia capacitor.

[0008] In the hybrid vibration energy collector based on mechanical rectification as described above, the coil rotor comprises a rotor body and a wire wound on the outer side of the rotor body, and the outer side of the rotor body is provided with a plurality of wire grooves for winding the wire.

[0009] In the hybrid vibration energy collector based on mechanical rectification as described above, the multi-pole magnetic ring is a circular ring body, and the multi-pole magnetic ring is made of ferrite or nepheline magnet.

[0010] In the hybrid vibration energy harvester based on mechanical rectification as described above, the conductor is an enameled copper wire.

[0011] In the hybrid vibration energy harvester based on mechanical rectification as described above, the gap between the coil rotor and the multi-polar magnetic ring is 1-2 mm.

[0012] As described above, in a hybrid vibration energy collector based on mechanical rectification, the piezoelectric friction power generation module includes a friction power generation rotor connected to the second output shaft, a friction power generation sleeve surrounding and attached to the outer surface of the friction power generation rotor and cooperating with the friction power generation rotor to generate friction power, a second outer cylinder sleeved on the outside of the friction power generation sleeve and fixedly connected to the chassis, and a piezoelectric sheet connecting the second outer cylinder and the friction power generation sleeve.

[0013] As described above, in a hybrid vibration energy collector based on mechanical rectification, a plurality of first friction power generation layers are distributed circumferentially on the outer surface of the friction power generation rotor, and a plurality of second friction power generation layers are distributed circumferentially on the inner surface of the friction power generation sleeve.

[0014] In the hybrid vibration energy collector based on mechanical rectification as described above, the first friction power generation layer is made of polytetrachloroethylene, the second friction power generation layer is made of polyvinyl chloride, and the piezoelectric sheet is made of a composite fiber material.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages:

[0016] This application uses a mechanical rectifier to collect the vibration energy of the vibration source, and uses the mechanical rectifier to convert the input linear vibration into unidirectional and bidirectional rotations respectively so that the output of the two power generation modules can be maximized, thereby improving energy utilization and output stability. It is an excellent solution for sensor power supply. Compared with a single conversion method energy collection system, this application converts energy into electrical energy through multiple conversion methods. The reasonable mixture of multiple energy conversion mechanisms can not only improve space utilization efficiency, but also significantly increase power output.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for describing the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a hybrid vibration energy harvester based on mechanical rectification;

[0019] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal transmission structure of the hybrid vibration energy harvester based on mechanical rectification;

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Section view along AA;

[0021] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a rotor body of a coil rotor;

[0022] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Section view along BB. [Specific implementation method]

[0023] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment discloses a hybrid vibration energy collector based on mechanical rectification, including a chassis 1, the chassis 1 is divided into three chambers, each of which is provided with a mechanical rectification device 2, an electromagnetic induction module 3 and a piezoelectric friction power generation module 4, and the chassis can be opened for inspection and replacement when necessary. The mechanical rectification device 2 is used to collect the vibration energy of the vibration source, the mechanical rectification device 2 is connected to the electromagnetic induction module 3 and transmits a unidirectional torque to the electromagnetic induction module 3 to generate an electromotive force, and the mechanical rectification device 2 is connected to the piezoelectric friction power generation module 4 and transmits a bidirectional torque to the piezoelectric friction power generation module 4 to generate an electromotive force. This embodiment uses a mechanical rectification device to collect the vibration energy of the vibration source, and uses a mechanical rectification device to convert the input linear vibration into unidirectional and bidirectional rotations respectively so that the output of the two power generation modules can be maximized, thereby improving the energy utilization rate and the stability of the output, which is an excellent solution for sensor power supply. Compared with a single conversion mode energy collection system, the present application converts energy into electrical energy through multiple conversion modes. The reasonable mixture of multiple energy conversion mechanisms can not only improve the space utilization efficiency, but also significantly improve the power output.

[0025] Further, the mechanical rectifier 2 includes a transmission gear 21 and a transmission rack 22 meshing with the transmission gear 21, the transmission rack 22 is connected to the vibration source, and performs reciprocating linear motion with the vibration of the vibration source to drive the transmission gear 21 to rotate in both directions, a one-way bearing 23 is provided on one side of the transmission gear 21, the outer ring of the one-way bearing 23 is connected to the transmission gear 21, the inner ring of the one-way bearing 23 is connected to a first output shaft 24, the electromagnetic induction module 3 is connected to the first output shaft 24, a second output shaft 25 is provided on the other side of the transmission gear 21, and the piezoelectric friction power generation module 4 is connected to the second output shaft 25. The core of the mechanical rectifier 2 is a rack-gear pair, the geometric size (module) of which is determined by the motion characteristics (amplitude, frequency, impact characteristics, etc.) of the vibration source, and after determining the module of the rack-gear pair, the geometric size of other parts of the hybrid vibration energy collector based on mechanical rectification and even the entire device can be determined accordingly. Specifically, the technical indicators of the rack-and-pinion pair mainly include transmission efficiency, lost motion and service life. For vibrations with smaller amplitudes, higher precision gears should be used. For vibrations with stronger impacts, soft tooth surfaces should be used. For vibrations with higher frequencies, tempered gears can be used to increase service life. When the mass of the vibration source is very large (such as bridges and buildings), a gear transmission can be added to the mechanical rectifier to improve the energy recovery efficiency. The key component of the mechanical rectifier is the one-way bearing, which has the characteristic that the inner and outer rings can rotate freely in a certain direction, but will be locked and transmit torque in the other direction. Therefore, its key indicators include maximum torque and service life in addition to geometric dimensions. According to Figure 2 The configuration is that one side of the transmission gear is connected to the first output shaft 24 via a one-way bearing, and the other side is directly connected to the second output shaft 25. In this way, the mechanical rectifier is a single-input-dual-output configuration, wherein the input is a reciprocating linear motion, and the output is a torque whose magnitude only changes with time, i.e., the torque output by the first output shaft 24, and a torque whose magnitude and direction both change with time, i.e., the torque output by the second output shaft 25. Then, by the first output shaft 24 being transmission-connected to the electromagnetic induction module 3, and the second output shaft 25 being transmission-connected to the piezoelectric friction power generation module 4, it is possible to effectively realize the conversion of the input linear vibration into unidirectional and bidirectional rotations respectively, so that the outputs of both the electromagnetic induction module 3 and the piezoelectric friction power generation module 4 can be maximized.

[0026] Furthermore, if Figure 3As shown, the electromagnetic induction module 3 includes a coil rotor 31, a multipolar magnetic ring 32 sleeved outside the coil rotor 31, and a first outer cylinder 33 sleeved outside the multipolar magnetic ring 32 and fixedly connected to the multipolar magnetic ring 32. The coil rotor 31 can rotate freely in the multipolar magnetic ring 32. Preferably, the multipolar magnetic ring 32 is a circular ring body, and the multipolar magnetic ring 32 is made of ferrite or neodymium magnet. The first outer cylinder 33 is fixedly connected to the chassis 1, one end of the coil rotor 31 is connected to the first output shaft 24, and the other end of the coil rotor 31 is provided with an inertia 34 to realize the unidirectional rotation of the coil rotor 31. The power generation principle of the electromagnetic induction module is that the coil rotor cuts the magnetic flux lines when rotating relative to the multipolar magnetic ring to generate an electric potential difference, and the multipolar magnetic ring made of ferrite or neodymium magnet has a higher surface magnetic flux, and the size change is an approximate sine curve, which can improve the efficiency of electromagnetic power generation. Since the electromagnetic induction module obtains torque from the first output shaft connected to the one-way bearing, and the torque only exists in a certain segment of a motion cycle, the coil rotor can only rely on its own inertia to keep rotating when there is no torque input. By adding additional mass, i.e., inertia, to the coil rotor, we can increase the minimum speed of the coil rotor in a motion cycle, so that the coil rotor can maintain stable rotation, thereby increasing the stability of power generation and output voltage. In order to ensure the efficiency of cutting magnetic flux lines, the gap between the coil rotor 31 and the multi-polar magnetic ring 32 is 1-2mm.

[0027] Furthermore, if Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the coil rotor 31 includes a rotor body 311 and a wire 312 wound on the outer side of the rotor body 311. Preferably, the wire 312 is an enameled copper wire. In order to facilitate the winding of the wire and improve the efficiency of cutting the magnetic flux lines, a plurality of wire grooves 3111 for the wire 312 to be wound are provided on the outer side of the rotor body 311.

[0028] Furthermore, if Figure 5As shown, the piezoelectric friction power generation module 4 includes a friction power generation rotor 41 connected to the second output shaft 25, a friction power generation sleeve 42 surrounding and attached to the outer surface of the friction power generation rotor 41 and cooperating with the friction power generation rotor 41 for friction power generation, a second outer cylinder 43 sleeved on the outside of the friction power generation sleeve 42 and fixedly connected to the chassis 1, and a piezoelectric sheet 44 connecting the second outer cylinder 43 and the friction power generation sleeve 42. The number of piezoelectric sheets can be adjusted according to actual engineering needs. In order to effectively realize friction power generation, a plurality of first friction power generation layers 45 are distributed along the circumferential direction on the outer surface of the friction power generation rotor 41, and a plurality of second friction power generation layers 46 are distributed along the circumferential direction on the inner surface of the friction power generation sleeve 42. Preferably, the first friction power generation layer 45 is made of polytetrachloroethylene, and the second friction power generation layer 46 is made of polyvinyl chloride. Since the outer surface of the triboelectric rotor is in close contact with the inner surface of the triboelectric sleeve, the static friction between the two enables the triboelectric rotor to drive the triboelectric sleeve to rotate together when rotating, and the rotating triboelectric sleeve causes the piezoelectric sheet to deform and generate an electric potential difference. When the deformation of the piezoelectric sheet increases to the point where its stress can overcome the static friction between the triboelectric rotor and the triboelectric sleeve, the deformation of the piezoelectric sheet no longer increases, and the triboelectric rotor and the triboelectric sleeve begin to rotate relative to each other. Since the outer surface of the triboelectric rotor and the inner surface of the triboelectric sleeve are both arranged along the cylindrical surface and circumferentially spaced with high molecular polymers with different electron gain and loss capabilities, such as polytetrachloroethylene and polyvinyl chloride, the relative rotation of the two can generate frictional electricity and output current. In the above process, the piezoelectric sheet needs to have a certain elasticity and stiffness, and a composite fiber material can be selected based on its mechanical and electrical indicators.

[0029] This embodiment uses a mechanical rectifier to collect the vibration energy of the vibration source, and uses a mechanical rectifier to convert the input linear vibration into unidirectional and bidirectional rotations respectively so that the output of the two power generation modules can be maximized, thereby improving energy utilization and output stability, and is an excellent solution for sensor power supply. Compared with a single conversion method energy collection system, this application converts energy into electrical energy through multiple conversion methods. The reasonable mixture of multiple energy conversion mechanisms can not only improve space utilization efficiency, but also significantly increase power output.

[0030] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows:

[0031] In the mechanical rectifier, the transmission rack performs reciprocating linear motion driven by the vibration source, driving the transmission gear to rotate back and forth. The outer ring of the one-way bearing and the transmission gear rotate back and forth together, but due to the characteristics of the one-way bearing, the inner ring and outer ring of the one-way bearing can only slide relative to each other in one direction, so the first output shaft connected to the inner ring of the one-way bearing can only rotate in one direction, and the second output shaft is directly connected to the transmission gear, so the second output shaft can rotate back and forth with the transmission gear.

[0032] In the electromagnetic induction module, the coil rotor rotates unidirectionally relative to the multi-polar magnetic ring under the drive of the first output shaft, and at the same time cuts the magnetic flux lines to generate electromotive force. During the movement of the one-way bearing, when the inner and outer rings are engaged, the gear outputs torque to the first output shaft, increasing the angular velocity of the coil rotor and the inertia. When the inner and outer rings of the one-way bearing slide relative to each other, there is no torque input on the first output shaft, and the coil rotor relies on the inertia of the inertia to overcome the resistance and continue to rotate, while cutting the magnetic flux lines to generate electromotive force.

[0033] The piezoelectric friction power generation module has a friction power generation rotor that rotates bidirectionally under the drive of the second output shaft. During the rotation, due to the static friction between the friction power generation rotor and the friction power generation sleeve, the two remain relatively still, so the friction power generation sleeve rotates relative to the chassis, causing the piezoelectric sheet to deform and generate a potential difference. When the stress of the piezoelectric sheet is sufficient to overcome the static friction between the friction power generation rotor and the friction power generation sleeve, the piezoelectric sheet, the friction power generation sleeve and the chassis remain relatively still, while the friction power generation rotor and the friction power generation sleeve rotate relative to each other, and their contact surfaces rub against each other and generate a potential difference.

[0034] As described above, multiple implementation methods are provided in combination with specific contents, and the specific implementation of this application is not limited to these descriptions. Any similarity or similarity with the method, structure, etc. of this application, or any technical deduction or replacement made on the premise of the concept of this application, shall be deemed to be within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A hybrid vibration energy harvester based on mechanical rectification, characterized in that: The invention comprises a chassis (1), wherein the chassis (1) is provided with a mechanical rectifier (2), an electromagnetic induction module (3) and a piezoelectric friction power generation module (4), wherein the mechanical rectifier (2) is transmission-connected to the electromagnetic induction module (3) and transmits a unidirectional torque to the electromagnetic induction module (3), and wherein the mechanical rectifier (2) is transmission-connected to the piezoelectric friction power generation module (4) and transmits a bidirectional torque to the piezoelectric friction power generation module (4); The mechanical rectification device (2) comprises a transmission gear (21) and a transmission rack (22) meshing with the transmission gear (21); a one-way bearing (23) is provided on one side of the transmission gear (21); the outer ring of the one-way bearing (23) is connected to the transmission gear (21); the inner ring of the one-way bearing (23) is connected to a first output shaft (24); the electromagnetic induction module (3) is connected to the first output shaft (24); a second output shaft (25) is provided on the other side of the transmission gear (21); and the piezoelectric friction power generation module (4) is connected to the second output shaft (25); The electromagnetic induction module (3) comprises a coil rotor (31), a multipolar magnetic ring (32) sleeved outside the coil rotor (31), and a first outer cylinder (33) sleeved outside the multipolar magnetic ring (32) and fixedly connected to the multipolar magnetic ring (32), the first outer cylinder (33) being fixedly connected to the chassis (1), one end of the coil rotor (31) being connected to the first output shaft (24), and the other end of the coil rotor (31) being provided with an inertia capacitor (34); The piezoelectric friction power generation module (4) comprises a friction power generation rotor (41) connected to the second output shaft (25), a friction power generation sleeve (42) surrounding and affixed to the outer surface of the friction power generation rotor (41) and cooperating with the friction power generation rotor (41) to generate friction power, a second outer cylinder (43) sleeved on the outside of the friction power generation sleeve (42) and fixedly connected to the chassis (1), and a piezoelectric sheet (44) connecting the second outer cylinder (43) and the friction power generation sleeve (42).

2. According to claim 1, a hybrid vibration energy harvester based on mechanical rectification is characterized in that: The coil rotor (31) comprises a rotor body (311) and a wire (312) wound on the outside of the rotor body (311); the outside of the rotor body (311) is provided with a plurality of wire grooves (3111) for winding the wire (312).

3. The hybrid vibration energy harvester based on mechanical rectification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-pole magnetic ring (32) is a circular ring body, and the multi-pole magnetic ring (32) is made of ferrite or neodymium magnet.

4. The hybrid vibration energy harvester based on mechanical rectification according to claim 2, characterized in that: The conducting wire (312) is an enameled copper wire.

5. The hybrid vibration energy harvester based on mechanical rectification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gap between the coil rotor (31) and the multi-pole magnetic ring (32) is 1-2 mm.

6. The hybrid vibration energy harvester based on mechanical rectification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the friction power generation rotor (41) is provided with a plurality of first friction power generation layers (45) spaced apart in the circumferential direction, and the inner surface of the friction power generation sleeve (42) is provided with a plurality of second friction power generation layers (46) spaced apart in the circumferential direction.

7. The hybrid vibration energy harvester based on mechanical rectification according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first friction power generation layer (45) is made of polytetrachloroethylene, the second friction power generation layer (46) is made of polyvinyl chloride, and the piezoelectric sheet (44) is made of a composite fiber material.

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