A surface runoff automatic sampler

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of surface runoff monitoring, and specifically relates to an automatic sampler for surface runoff. It comprises a cylindrical shell with open ends at the upper and lower ends, and a confluence trough and a vertical wheel arranged in the shell; the top of the confluence trough is open, and a drainage pipe is arranged at the bottom; the vertical wheel comprises a rotating shaft that can rotate around a horizontal axis and a plurality of blades arranged circumferentially on the rotating shaft; the rotating shaft is provided with a sample channel that radially penetrates the rotating shaft; the radial outer end of the blade is provided with a clamping convex; a sampling bottle is provided below the vertical wheel; a floating ball is provided in the sampling bottle, and the floating ball is fixedly connected to one end of a support rod, and the other end of the support rod is bent upward through a fixed tube and then formed into a hook that can be engaged with the clamping convex; the fixed tube is fixed on the shell. The sampler does not require additional energy, is easy to carry and use, can realize continuous sampling of a runoff process, and improves the accuracy of surface runoff monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of surface runoff monitoring, and in particular relates to an automatic surface runoff sampler. Background Art

[0002] Surface runoff refers to the water that flows down the river through the basin ground and into the river channel, except for direct evaporation, plant interception, infiltration into the ground, and filling of depressions after precipitation. Surface runoff is an important part of the hydrological cycle and a fundamental factor in the change of river hydrological conditions. The formation and flow of surface runoff will cause soil erosion and carry a large amount of sediment and pollutants into nearby waters, causing water pollution. While reducing soil fertility, it also makes water eutrophication more serious. With the rapid advancement of urbanization, urban areas are constantly expanding. Traditional farmland and forest land with good permeability are gradually replaced by asphalt, cement, concrete and other roads with poor permeability, resulting in increasingly serious urban surface runoff pollution problems, which has become one of the main sources of urban water environment pollution. In order to effectively reduce the impact of runoff pollution on the water environment, it is imperative to conduct in-depth research on the migration and transformation characteristics of pollutants in surface runoff. Real-time monitoring of surface runoff in the area and studying the composition of runoff can provide an important basis for the formulation and improvement of soil erosion and non-point source pollution prevention and control measures.

[0003] At present, the collection of surface runoff water samples is divided into manual field collection and automatic sampler collection. Manual field collection is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the uncertainty of rainfall and the remoteness of the collection site make manual collection more difficult. The automatic sampler has the following problems: ① It requires additional kinetic energy, which is very inconvenient to use in the field; ② The debris in the surface runoff blocks the runoff collection device, resulting in incomplete sample collection; ③ It is impossible to achieve continuous sampling of the entire runoff process, and the collected runoff samples cannot represent the overall situation of a runoff; ④ After the sampling bottle is filled with water samples, the continuous inflow of subsequent water samples causes the sample sand content to be higher than the sand content in the actual runoff process; ⑤ The volume is large, difficult to carry, and not convenient for monitoring runoff samples at multiple points.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a surface runoff sampler that does not rely on additional energy, is easy to carry and use, and has high accuracy. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to sample surface runoff more conveniently and quickly, the present invention provides an automatic surface runoff sampler, which can sample the entire process of runoff and significantly improve the accuracy of surface runoff monitoring. No additional energy is required during use, the volume is small (the volume of the entire instrument is about 1.5 times that of the sampling bottle), it is easy to carry and install, and the cost is low, which is conducive to large-scale promotion and use.

[0006] The present invention provides an automatic sampler for surface runoff, characterized in that it comprises a cylindrical shell 1 with open ends at the upper and lower ends, and a confluence trough 2 and a vertical wheel 3 arranged in the shell 1; the confluence trough 2 is open at the top, and a drain pipe 201 is arranged at the bottom; the water outlet of the drain pipe 201 faces downward and is located above the vertical wheel 3; the vertical wheel 3 comprises a rotating shaft 301 that can rotate around a horizontal axis and a plurality of blades 302 that are arranged on the rotating shaft 301 at intervals along the circumferential direction; a sample channel 303 that radially penetrates the rotating shaft 301 is arranged on the rotating shaft 301; a locking protrusion 304 is arranged at the radial outer end of the blade 302; a sampling bottle 4 is arranged below the vertical wheel 3; a floating ball 5 is arranged in the sampling bottle 4, the floating ball 5 is fixedly connected to one end of a support rod 501, and the other end of the support rod 501 passes through the fixing pipe 502 upward and is bent into a hook 503 that can be engaged with the locking protrusion 304, and the fixing pipe 502 is fixed on the shell 1;

[0007] The sampler is configured as follows: the runoff sample flows downward through the drain pipe 201, driving the vertical wheel 3 to rotate; when one end of the sample channel 303 faces the water outlet of the drain pipe 201 and the other end faces the bottle mouth of the sampling bottle 4, the runoff sample flows into the sampling bottle 4 through the sample channel 303; when the runoff sample in the sampling bottle 4 accumulates to a predetermined height, the float 5 floats up until the hook 503 just engages with the cam 304, causing the vertical wheel 3 to stop rotating, thereby preventing subsequent runoff samples from flowing into the sampling bottle 4.

[0008] The automatic sampler for surface runoff of the present invention comprises two parts: a separation device and a sampling bottle (for example, a wide-mouth sampling bottle), wherein the separation device comprises a housing, a confluence trough, a vertical wheel, a float, a support rod, and a fixed tube. The working principle of the sampler is as follows: the confluence trough collects surface runoff, and the runoff flows downward through the drain pipe, impacting the blades of the vertical wheel, causing the vertical wheel to rotate. A sample channel is provided on the rotating shaft of the vertical wheel, and the sample channel penetrates the rotating shaft in the radial direction of the rotating shaft. Only when the vertical wheel rotates to the point where one end of the sample channel faces the water outlet of the drain pipe and the other end faces the bottle mouth of the sampling bottle, can the runoff sample flowing out of the drain pipe flow into the sample channel and flow into the sampling bottle below through the sample channel. During the rotation of the vertical wheel, the runoff that does not enter the sample channel is discharged through the area at the lower end of the housing except the bottle mouth of the sampling bottle. The float in the sampling bottle is initially hung on the fixed tube by a hook. During the runoff collection process, the runoff samples in the sampling bottle are continuously accumulated. When the liquid level is higher than the original position of the float, the float floats upward, driving the support rod to move upward. When the liquid level reaches a predetermined height (for example, close to the bottle mouth of the sampling bottle), the hook at the upper end of the support rod just catches the convexity at the outer end of the blade, so that the vertical wheel device stops rotating, and the subsequent runoff cannot enter the sampling bottle through the sample channel. The present invention adopts a vertical wheel design. On the one hand, it fully utilizes the kinetic energy and potential energy of the runoff and converts it into energy for the rotation of the vertical wheel without providing additional energy; on the other hand, the runoff is diverted through the sample channel, ensuring that only a small amount of sample can enter the sampling bottle at a time, thereby realizing continuous sampling of the entire runoff process, so that the collected samples can represent the entire runoff process. The present invention adopts a float design, which cooperates with the vertical wheel to prevent subsequent runoff from continuing to input sediment into the sampling bottle after the sample collection is completed, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the collected samples.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of impellers 302 divide the outer circumference of the rotating shaft 301 into a plurality of regions extending along the axial direction, wherein only two opposite regions are provided with sample channels 303 radially penetrating the rotating shaft 301 .

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the vertical wheel 3 is disposed at the inner center of the housing 1 ; the drainage pipe 201 and the fixed pipe 502 are respectively close to the inner walls on two opposite sides of the housing 1 .

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, eight blades 302 are evenly arranged on the rotating shaft 301, and the angle between two adjacent blades 302 is 45 degrees; and only one sample channel 303 is provided on the rotating shaft 301. In this case, a small amount of runoff sample flows into the sampling bottle through the sample channel every time the vertical wheel rotates 180 degrees, ensuring that the sampling bottle with limited capacity can collect samples of the entire runoff process.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the impeller 302 is a rectangular plate, one end of which is fixed to the outer circumference of the rotating shaft 301 , and the other opposite end is provided with a locking protrusion 304 ; the plate surface of the impeller 302 is parallel to the rotating shaft 301 .

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the drain pipe 201 extends vertically upward to the interior of the confluence trough 2, and mesh holes are provided on the pipe wall of the drain pipe 201 located in the confluence trough 2. The drain pipe adopts a filter design, for example, the pipe wall of the drain pipe located in the confluence trough is covered with mesh holes from top to bottom, and the part of the drain pipe located in the confluence trough becomes a cylindrical filter. When the runoff collected in the confluence trough blocks the lower part of the filter, the runoff can continue to enter the drain pipe through the upper part of the filter. This design avoids the situation where the runoff sample is not fully collected due to debris in the runoff blocking the runoff collection device.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the angle between the bottom plate of the confluence trough 2 and the horizontal plane is 15 to 20 degrees, and the angle between the bottom plate of the confluence trough 2 and the drainage pipe 201 is 80 to 85 degrees. The angle between the bottom plate of the confluence trough and the drainage pipe is 80 to 85 degrees, which can prevent sediment from settling in the confluence trough.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, a hanging component 6 is provided on the top of the housing 1, and the hanging component 6 is a plurality of high elastic ropes with hooks. The high elastic ropes can be used to hang on the rain grate to prevent excessive runoff from washing away the sampler.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, the housing 1, the confluence trough 2, the drainage pipe 201, the rotating shaft 301, the impeller 302, the support rod 501 and / or the fixed pipe 502 are made of stainless steel.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fixed tube 502 is fixed to the outer shell 1 through a cylindrical bracket 7 with an open lower end; the upper end of the side wall of the bracket 7 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the side wall of the outer shell 1; the lower end of the bracket 7 is inserted into the bottle mouth of the sampling bottle 4; the fixed tube 502 is arranged in the center of the top plate 701 of the bracket 7; with the fixed tube 502 as the boundary, the area of ​​the top plate 701 adjacent to the inner wall of the outer shell 1 is the water retaining area, and the area away from the inner wall of the outer shell 1 is the water inlet area; the water inlet area is provided with a water inlet 702, and the sample flowing out of the sample channel 303 flows into the sampling bottle 4 below through the water inlet 702; the outer shell 1 is provided with a drain outlet 101 on the upper side wall of the bracket 7 connection; a fixing part 703 is provided on the outer wall of the bracket 7; the sampling bottle 4 is detachably connected to the fixing part 703.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, both ends of the rotating shaft 301 are mounted on the side walls of the housing 1 via bearings; the sampling bottle 4 is suspended on the fixing member 703 via a high elastic net 8 .

[0019] The application of any of the above-mentioned automatic surface runoff samplers in surface runoff collection also falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0020] The automatic surface runoff sampler of the present invention mainly solves four technical problems: the first is that the surface runoff collection device requires additional kinetic energy, which is inconvenient to use in the field; the second is that the debris in the surface runoff blocks the runoff collection device, resulting in incomplete sample collection; the third is that continuous sampling of the entire runoff process cannot be achieved, and the collected runoff samples cannot represent the overall situation of a runoff; the fourth is the continuous collection of subsequent samples after the sample is full, resulting in the problem that the sand content of the sample is higher than the actual runoff process.

[0021] In response to the first technical problem, the following technical solution is adopted: the runoff is collected by using a confluence trough, impacting the vertical wheel device through a fixed drainage pipe, and the kinetic energy of the runoff itself is used as energy for the rotation of the vertical wheel.

[0022] In response to the second technical problem, the following technical solution is adopted: the drainage pipe used for the drainage impact vertical wheel device adopts a filter design to ensure that after the lower filter is blocked, the runoff can continue to enter the drainage pipe through the upper filter. This design avoids to the greatest extent the situation where the runoff collection device is blocked by debris in the runoff and caused by incomplete runoff collection.

[0023] In response to the third technical problem, the following technical solution is adopted: only one sample channel that allows runoff to pass through is opened on the rotating axis of the vertical wheel device, and the runoff is diverted by using the vertical wheel device. This design ensures that only a small amount of sample can be collected into the sampling bottle each time the runoff is diverted, and continuous sampling of a runoff process can be achieved. The sample can better represent the overall situation of a runoff.

[0024] In response to the fourth technical problem, the following technical solution is adopted: a float is provided at the lower collecting port of the vertical wheel device. During the use of the instrument, when the runoff sample in the sampling bottle is full, the float floats up and the hook just catches the vertical wheel. The subsequent runoff will flow out directly on the right side of the instrument, and no sediment will continue to be input into the samples that have been collected, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the collected samples.

[0025] The automatic surface runoff sampler of the present invention utilizes water flow to drive the vertical wheel, and can be installed and used in the field without providing additional kinetic energy; by adopting a filter screen design on the drain pipe, the influence of debris blockage on the runoff collection process is effectively avoided; the vertical wheel is used for diversion to achieve continuous sampling of a runoff process, which better represents the overall situation of a runoff; when the sample collection is completed, the float device is used to block excess liquid and silt from entering the sampling bottle, which can ensure the accuracy of the collected samples. The sampler of the present invention has a low cost, is of great significance for the collection of surface runoff, and is suitable for promotion and use throughout the country. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 . Front view of an automatic sampler for surface runoff in a typical embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 . Figure 1 A longitudinal section showing the vertical wheel locked.

[0028] Figure 3 . Figure 1 A longitudinal section showing the state of vertical wheel diversion.

[0029] Figure 4 .Top view of the top plate of the bracket in a typical embodiment of the present invention, showing the water inlet.

[0030] Figure 5 . Figure 1 Left side view of the enclosure showing the drain opening in the enclosure side wall.

[0031] Figure markings: 1-housing, 101-drain outlet, 2-collecting trough, 201-drain pipe, 3-vertical wheel, 301-rotating shaft, 302-blade, 303-sample channel, 304-bump, 4-sampling bottle, 5-float, 501-support rod, 502-fixing tube, 503-hook, 6-suspension component, 7-bracket, 701-top plate, 702-water inlet, 703-fixing part, 8-high elastic net. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be further explained and illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0033] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides an automatic sampler for surface runoff, characterized in that it comprises a cylindrical shell 1 with open ends at the upper and lower ends, and a confluence trough 2 and a vertical wheel 3 arranged in the shell 1; the confluence trough 2 is open at the top, and a drain pipe 201 is arranged at the bottom; the water outlet of the drain pipe 201 faces downward and is located above the vertical wheel 3; the vertical wheel 3 comprises a rotating shaft 301 that can rotate around a horizontal axis and a plurality of blades 302 that are arranged on the rotating shaft 301 at intervals along the circumferential direction; a sample channel 303 that radially penetrates the rotating shaft 301 is arranged on the rotating shaft 301; a locking protrusion 304 is arranged at the radial outer end of the blade 302; a sampling bottle 4 is arranged below the vertical wheel 3; a floating ball 5 is arranged in the sampling bottle 4, and the floating ball 5 is fixedly connected to one end of a support rod 501, and the other end of the support rod 501 passes through the fixing pipe 502 upward and is bent into a hook 503 that can be engaged with the locking protrusion 304, and the fixing pipe 502 is fixed on the shell 1;

[0034] The sampler is configured as follows: the runoff sample flows downward through the drain pipe 201, driving the vertical wheel 3 to rotate; when one end of the sample channel 303 faces the water outlet of the drain pipe 201 and the other end faces the bottle mouth of the sampling bottle 4, the runoff sample flows into the sampling bottle 4 through the sample channel 303; when the runoff sample in the sampling bottle 4 accumulates to a predetermined height, the float 5 floats up until the hook 503 just engages with the cam 304, causing the vertical wheel 3 to stop rotating, thereby preventing subsequent runoff samples from flowing into the sampling bottle 4.

[0035] In some embodiments, the plurality of impellers 302 divide the outer circumference of the rotating shaft 301 into a plurality of regions extending along the axial direction, wherein only two opposite regions are provided with sample channels 303 radially penetrating the rotating shaft 301 .

[0036] In some embodiments, the vertical wheel 3 is disposed at the inner center of the housing 1 ; the drainage pipe 201 and the fixed pipe 502 are respectively close to the inner walls on two opposite sides of the housing 1 .

[0037] In some embodiments, eight blades 302 are evenly arranged on the rotating shaft 301 , and the angle between two adjacent blades 302 is 45 degrees; and only one sample channel 303 is arranged on the rotating shaft 301 .

[0038] In some embodiments, the impeller 302 is a rectangular plate, one end of which is fixed to the outer circumference of the rotating shaft 301 , and the other opposite end is provided with a locking protrusion 304 ; the plate surface of the impeller 302 is parallel to the rotating shaft 301 .

[0039] In some embodiments, the drain pipe 201 extends vertically upward to the interior of the confluence trough 2, and the wall of the drain pipe 201 located in the confluence trough 2 has mesh holes. In some embodiments, the top end of the drain pipe 201 is sealed, and the top wall does not have mesh holes. In other embodiments, the top end of the drain pipe 201 is sealed, and the top wall has mesh holes. In some embodiments, the portion of the drain pipe 201 located in the confluence trough 2 is a cylindrical filter screen, and the portion located below the confluence trough 2 does not have mesh holes.

[0040] In some embodiments, the angle between the bottom plate of the confluence trough 2 and the horizontal plane is 15 to 20 degrees, and the angle between the bottom plate of the confluence trough 2 and the drain pipe 201 is 80 to 85 degrees.

[0041] In some embodiments, a hanging component 6 is provided on the top of the housing 1, and the hanging component 6 is a plurality of high elastic ropes with hooks. In some embodiments, the hooks of the high elastic ropes are hung on the rain grate to collect runoff samples.

[0042] In some embodiments, the housing 1, the confluence trough 2, the drainage pipe 201, the rotating shaft 301, the impeller 302, the support rod 501 and / or the fixed pipe 502 are made of stainless steel.

[0043] In some embodiments, the fixed tube 502 is fixed to the outer shell 1 through a cylindrical bracket 7 with an open lower end; the upper end of the side wall of the bracket 7 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the side wall of the outer shell 1; the lower end of the bracket 7 is inserted into the bottle mouth of the sampling bottle 4; the fixed tube 502 is arranged in the center of the top plate 701 of the bracket 7; with the fixed tube 502 as the boundary, the area of ​​the top plate 701 adjacent to the inner wall of the outer shell 1 is the water retaining area, and the area away from the inner wall of the outer shell 1 is the water inlet area; the water inlet area is provided with a water inlet 702, and the sample flowing out of the sample channel 303 flows into the sampling bottle 4 below through the water inlet 702; the outer shell 1 is provided with a drain outlet 101 on the upper side wall of the bracket 7 connection.

[0044] In some embodiments, a fixing piece 703 is provided on the outer wall of the bracket 7; the sampling bottle 4 is detachably connected to the fixing piece 703.

[0045] In some embodiments, both ends of the rotating shaft 301 are mounted on the side walls of the housing 1 through bearings. In some embodiments, the bearings are waterproof bearings.

[0046] In some embodiments, the sampling bottle 4 is suspended on the fixing member 703 via a high elastic net 8 .

[0047] In some embodiments, the sampling bottle 4 is a wide-mouth sampling bottle.

[0048] In some embodiments, the rotating shaft 301 is provided with 4 groups of blades 302 arranged opposite to each other with the rotating shaft as the center; the blades 302 are rectangular plates, one end of which is fixed on the rotating shaft 301, and the other end opposite to the rotating shaft is provided with a cam 304, and the plate surface is parallel to the rotating shaft 301; the 4 groups of blades 302 divide the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 301 into 8 areas extending along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 301, and these 8 areas constitute 4 groups of areas opposite to each other along the axis of the rotating shaft 301, among which only one group of opposite areas is provided with a sample channel 303 for allowing the runoff sample to pass through, and the sample channel 303 passes through the center of the rotating shaft 301 from one area and leads to another area, and the other three groups of opposite areas do not have a sample channel. Therefore, in the process of the vertical wheel 3 rotating after being impacted by the runoff, only when the sample channel 303 is rotated to a position facing the mouth of the drain pipe 201, the runoff can pass through the sample channel 303 and enter the sampling bottle 4 below. This design ensures that only a small amount of sample can be collected into the sampling bottle 4 each time the flow is diverted, while also enabling continuous sampling of a runoff process, so that the collected samples can better represent the overall situation of a runoff.

[0049] In some embodiments, nine high elastic ropes with hooks are provided on the top of the shell 1, and a long elastic rope is provided in the central position. During use, the nine high elastic ropes with hooks can be hung on the rain grate. After the runoff is over, the automatic sampler is lowered to the bottom of the sewer through the long elastic rope in the middle, and then the sample is taken away.

[0050] In one embodiment of the present invention, the shell 1 is 100 mm long, 100 mm wide and 203 mm high; the drain pipe 201 is a stainless steel round tube with an outer diameter of 10 mm, and mesh holes with a diameter of 2 mm are evenly opened on the tube wall; the impeller 302 is a stainless steel plate with a length of 35 mm and a width of 35 mm, one end of which is welded to the rotating shaft 301, and the other end is a free end and welded with a protrusion 304; the rotating shaft 301 is a stainless steel round tube with an outer diameter of 10 mm; the support rod 501 is a stainless steel rod with a diameter of 2 mm, and its upper end passes through the fixed tube 502 and is bent into a hook 503 that can engage with the protrusion 304; the total height of the support rod 501 and the float 5 is 86 mm; the fixed tube 502 is 20 mm long and 4 mm in diameter.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, the following method is used to make an automatic surface runoff sampler:

[0052] Materials Needed:

[0053] 0.5mm thick stainless steel plate, 10mm outer diameter stainless steel round tube, 4mm inner diameter stainless steel round tube, 30mm diameter float, 2mm diameter stainless steel rod, high elastic rope, high elastic net, sampling bottle, etc.

[0054] Preparation method:

[0055] 1. Make the shell

[0056] A 0.5mm thick stainless steel plate is welded into a rectangular tube with open ends at the top and bottom, 100mm long, 100mm wide and 203mm high. This rectangular tube is the shell. Nine high elastic ropes with hooks are connected to the top of the shell, and an additional long elastic rope is set in the center. The nine elastic ropes are shorter and are used to hang the sampler on the rain grate for sampling, which can prevent the sampler from being washed away by excessive runoff. The long elastic rope in the center is used to lower the sampler to the bottom of the sewer after the runoff ends, making it easier to take the sample.

[0057] 2. Make the confluence trough

[0058] The confluence trough directly uses the side wall of the shell. Inside the shell, a stainless steel plate is welded at a position 50mm away from the top of the shell as the bottom plate of the confluence trough. The bottom plate is welded to the four inner walls of the shell respectively, and the bottom plate is designed to have a slope of 15 degrees. A drain pipe is installed at the lowest point of the bottom plate to prevent sediment from settling in the confluence trough. A stainless steel round tube with an outer diameter of 10mm and a length of 69mm is used as the drain pipe. A hole is opened on the bottom plate of the confluence trough, and the drain pipe is installed so that most of the pipe wall of the drain pipe (50mm long) is located in the confluence trough, and only a small section (19mm long) passes through the bottom plate of the confluence trough downward, with the outlet facing downward. The drain pipe is close to the right inner wall of the shell, and the distance between the central axis of the drain pipe and the right inner wall of the shell is 17mm. Evenly punch holes with a diameter of 2mm on the wall of the drain pipe located in the confluence trough to form a filter, which can effectively prevent the influence of debris blockage on the collection of runoff samples. No holes are punched on the wall of the drain pipe located below the bottom plate of the confluence trough.

[0059] 3. Make the vertical wheel

[0060] A stainless steel round tube with an outer diameter of 10mm and a length of 100mm is used as the rotating shaft. The two ends of the rotating shaft are installed on the inner walls of the front and rear sides of the shell through waterproof bearings, so that the distance between the axial midpoint of the rotating shaft and each inner wall of the shell is 50mm, and the vertical distance between the central axis of the rotating shaft and the pipe opening at the lower end of the drain pipe is 34mm. Eight stainless steel plates with a length of 35mm and a width of 35mm are used as blades. One end of the blade is welded to the rotating shaft along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, so that the plate surface of the blade is parallel to the rotating shaft. The eight blades are evenly spaced and welded on the rotating shaft, and the angle between two adjacent blades is 45 degrees. A stainless steel strip is welded at the radial outer end (i.e., the free end) of the blade to form a convex structure, which is a convex cam. The 8 blades divide the outer circumference of the rotating shaft into 8 areas extending along the axial direction of the rotating shaft. These 8 areas constitute 4 groups of areas that are opposite to each other along the axis of the rotating shaft. A sample channel is opened in one group of opposite areas, so that the sample channel radially passes through the center of the rotating shaft, thereby allowing runoff to flow from one area to another area through the sample channel. The remaining 3 groups of opposite areas do not have sample channels and do not allow runoff to pass through.

[0061] 4. Make the float device and bracket

[0062] The float device consists of a float, a support rod, and a fixed tube. A stainless steel rod with a diameter of 2mm and a length of 55mm is used as the support rod. A stainless steel round tube with a diameter of 4mm and a length of 20mm is used as the fixed tube. The float is fixed to the lower end of the support rod, and the upper end of the support rod is passed through the fixed tube and bent into a hook, which can be engaged with the convex end of the free end of the blade. The fixed tube is fixed to the side wall of the lower end of the shell through a bracket. The fixed tube is used to keep the support rod upright at all times.

[0063] The bracket is a rectangular tube with an open lower end formed by welding a top plate and four side plates. The top plate and the side plates are both 50mm×50mm stainless steel plates. A fixing piece, such as a nail or a hook, is provided at the lower part of the outer wall of the bracket. The upper end of the left side wall of the bracket is welded to the lower end of the left side wall of the shell. The fixed pipe is welded to the top plate, and the distance between the central axis of the fixed pipe and the left inner wall of the shell is 20mm. With the fixed pipe as the boundary, the top plate area adjacent to the inner wall of the shell (the left area of ​​the top plate) is the water retaining area (20mm wide), and the top plate area away from the inner wall of the shell (the right area of ​​the top plate) is the water inlet area (30mm wide), and a water inlet is opened on the water inlet area. A drain outlet is opened on the shell side wall above the welding point between the bracket and the shell to discharge excess runoff from the top plate water retaining area.

[0064] 5. Install the sampling bottle

[0065] Fix the wide-mouth sampling bottle to the fixing part of the outer wall of the bracket through a high elastic net, with the mouth of the sampling bottle facing upwards, insert the lower end of the bracket into the mouth of the sampling bottle, and put the float into the sampling bottle. The size of the mouth of the sampling bottle matches the size of the bracket, just enough to allow the lower end of the bracket to be inserted. The overall height of the float and the support rod is 86mm to ensure that when the water level rises to the mouth of the sampling bottle, the float rises, causing the hook to move upward and clamp the convex at the outer end of the wheel blade, preventing the vertical wheel from rotating. During the sample collection process (before the hook and the convex are engaged), the float is suspended on the fixed tube by the hook. When the hook clamps the vertical wheel device, the angle between the central axis of the sample channel and the vertical line is 67.5 degrees (the smaller angle).

[0066] Installation and use of the sampler:

[0067] The automatic surface runoff sampler is installed by fixing it to the rain grate through the hooks on the 9 high elastic ropes. During sampling, the sampler is suspended in the air by the 9 elastic ropes. After the runoff is over, the sampler is placed at the bottom of the sewer by lowering the middle long elastic rope, and then the sampling bottle is removed to take away the runoff sample.

[0068] The words "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. used in this article to describe the directions are for the convenience of explanation and are based on the directions shown in the drawings. In actual devices, these directions may be different due to the placement of the device.

[0069] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly explaining the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to list all the implementation methods here. Any obvious changes or modifications derived from the technical solution of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A surface runoff automatic sampler, characterized in that: It comprises a cylindrical outer shell (1) with upper and lower ends open, and a confluence trough (2) and a vertical wheel (3) arranged in the outer shell (1); The top of the confluence trough (2) is open, and a drainage pipe (201) is provided at the bottom; the water outlet of the drainage pipe (201) faces downward and is located above the vertical wheel (3); The vertical wheel (3) comprises a rotating shaft (301) rotatable around a horizontal axis and a plurality of blades (302) arranged on the rotating shaft (301) at intervals in the circumferential direction; the rotating shaft (301) is provided with a sample channel (303) radially penetrating the rotating shaft (301); a locking protrusion (304) is provided at the radial outer end of the blade (302); and four groups of blades (302) are mounted on the rotating shaft (301) and are arranged relatively with the rotating shaft (301) as the center. A sampling bottle (4) is provided below the vertical wheel (3); a floating ball (5) is provided inside the sampling bottle (4); the floating ball (5) is fixedly connected to one end of a support rod (501); the other end of the support rod (501) passes upward through a fixing tube (502) and is bent into a hook (503) that can be engaged with the fixing protrusion (304); the fixing tube (502) is fixed on the housing (1); The sampler is configured such that: the runoff sample flows downward through the drain pipe (201), driving the vertical wheel (3) to rotate; when one end of the sample channel (303) faces the water outlet of the drain pipe (201) and the other end faces the bottle mouth of the sampling bottle (4), the runoff sample flows into the sampling bottle (4) through the sample channel (303); when the runoff sample in the sampling bottle (4) accumulates to a predetermined height, the float (5) floats up until the hook (503) just engages with the hook protrusion (304), causing the vertical wheel (3) to stop rotating, thereby preventing subsequent runoff samples from flowing into the sampling bottle (4); The drainage pipe (201) extends vertically upward to the interior of the confluence trough (2), and mesh holes are provided on the wall of the drainage pipe (201) located in the confluence trough (2); the angle between the bottom plate of the confluence trough (2) and the horizontal plane is 15 to 20 degrees, and the angle between the bottom plate of the confluence trough (2) and the drainage pipe (201) is 80 to 85 degrees; The fixed tube (502) is fixed to the housing (1) via a cylindrical bracket (7) with an open lower end; the upper end of the side wall of the bracket (7) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the side wall of the housing (1); the lower end of the bracket (7) is inserted into the mouth of the sampling bottle (4); the fixed tube (502) is arranged at the center of the top plate (701) of the bracket (7); the area where the top plate (701) is adjacent to the inner wall of the housing (1) with the fixed tube (502) as the boundary is the water retaining area , the area away from the inner wall of the shell (1) is the water inlet area; the water inlet area is provided with a water inlet (702), and the sample flowing out of the sample channel (303) flows into the sampling bottle (4) below through the water inlet (702); the shell (1) is provided with a drain outlet (101) on the upper side wall at the connection with the bracket (7); a fixing piece (703) is provided on the outer wall of the bracket (7); the sampling bottle (4) is detachably connected to the fixing piece (703).

2. The surface runoff automatic sampler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of impeller blades (302) divide the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft (301) into a plurality of regions extending along the axial direction, wherein only two opposite regions are provided with sample channels (303) radially penetrating the rotating shaft (301).

3. The surface runoff automatic sampler according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vertical wheel (3) is arranged at the inner center of the housing (1); the drainage pipe (201) and the fixed pipe (502) are respectively close to the inner walls on the two opposite sides of the housing (1); 8 blades (302) are evenly arranged on the rotating shaft (301), and the angle between two adjacent blades (302) is 45 degrees; and only one sample channel (303) is arranged on the rotating shaft (301).

4. The automatic surface runoff sampler according to claim 3, characterized in that: The wheel blade (302) is a rectangular plate, one end of which is fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft (301), and the other opposite end is provided with a locking protrusion (304); the plate surface of the wheel blade (302) is parallel to the rotating shaft (301).

5. The automatic surface runoff sampler according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hanging component (6) is provided on the top of the shell (1), and the hanging component (6) is a plurality of high-elastic ropes with hooks.

6. The automatic surface runoff sampler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (1), the confluence trough (2), the drainage pipe (201), the rotating shaft (301), the impeller (302), the support rod (501) and / or the fixed pipe (502) are made of stainless steel.

7. The automatic surface runoff sampler according to claim 6, characterized in that: Both ends of the rotating shaft (301) are mounted on the side walls of the housing (1) via bearings; the sampling bottle (4) is suspended on the fixing member (703) via a high elastic net (8).

8. Use of the automatic surface runoff sampler according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in surface runoff collection.

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