A multi-ring water infiltration test system and method

Abstract

The present application discloses a multi-ring water infiltration test system and method, which relates to the field of field soil infiltration test technology. The system includes a Malvern flask, a water head regulating elevator, a weighing sensor, a paperless recorder, a multi-ring infiltration device, and a soil percussion device, wherein the multi-ring infiltration device includes a plurality of concentrically arranged monomer rings, and the monomer rings have different diameters; two Malvern flasks are both arranged on the water head regulating elevator, and are used to supply water to the target double rings according to the preset water head; the target double rings are two monomer rings in the multi-ring infiltration device corresponding to the size of the double rings in the test scheme; the soil percussion device is used to press the target double rings uniformly into the test soil under the action of external force. The embodiment of the present application can realize any combination of double rings, can meet the test requirements of the influence of different inner and outer ring combinations on water infiltration, and has the advantages of convenient combination and disassembly, adjustable water head, and automatic data collection and transmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of field soil infiltration testing, and in particular to a multi-ring water infiltration testing system and method. Background Art

[0002] Soil infiltration characteristics are important indicators for evaluating soil water conservation and anti-erosion capabilities. Determining soil hydraulic conductivity at the field scale requires a large number of field tests. Affected by many factors, soil infiltration has strong temporal and spatial variability, which increases the difficulty of accurately measuring soil infiltration. Among the many soil infiltration measurement methods, the double-ring method is the most widely used and the most classic instrument for measuring field soil permeability coefficient. Because the outer ring promotes the vertical infiltration of water in the inner ring, it reduces the error caused by the lateral infiltration of water in the inner ring. Therefore, compared with the single-ring method, the measurement accuracy of the double-ring method is generally higher. However, in addition to being affected by factors such as terrain conditions and land use, the geometric dimensions of the double-ring infiltrator will affect the accuracy of soil infiltration rate measurement. This is due to the lateral flow in the double-ring infiltration process or the barrier effect of the infiltration ring wall on large pores, etc., and the geometric dimensions of the infiltrator will affect the accuracy of the measurement. Numerous studies have shown that the infiltration rate measured by infiltration rings with smaller diameters is larger and reaches a steady state earlier, while the average infiltration rate increases with the increase in measurement size. The main reason is that lateral flow accounts for a larger proportion than vertical infiltration in small rings.

[0003] In addition to the above-mentioned problem of infiltration rate measurement accuracy, the double-ring infiltrator also has the following shortcomings: First, it is difficult to keep the inner and outer rings concentric, which will affect the three-dimensional infiltration effect of the inner ring and further affect the infiltration rate characteristics of the inner ring. Second, the ring body tilts due to uneven force during the process of hammering into the soil. If the ring body is not manually corrected, the tilted ring body will lead to a reduction in the actual water-passing section, resulting in an over-inflated measurement result. On the contrary, if the tilted ring body is manually corrected, it is easy to produce micro-cracks between the ring wall and the soil when the ring body is twisted, which will affect the vertical infiltration law of water. Third, the ratio of the inner and outer ring diameters (i.e., the buffer index, which is used to characterize the degree of influence of the outer ring on the lateral water flow that reduces the infiltration of the inner ring during the infiltration process) has a greater impact on the measurement results. In the same area, different sizes of inner and outer ring diameters can cause the infiltration rate measurement results to vary by up to two orders of magnitude.

[0004] The development process of the double-ring infiltration instrument has gone through the process of electrode contact measurement method, Martens flask level measurement method, and high-density resistivity measurement method. The contact capacitance or resistance depth gauge is sensitive to water quality and susceptible to corrosion, resulting in excessive maintenance and calibration. In addition, the device requires a liquid level change of more than 5mm to trigger the electrode contact liquid level sensor switch, so the accuracy is low. The infrared liquid level measurement sensor installed on the Martens flask is used to measure the change of liquid level over time. The measurement accuracy is greatly affected by the cross-sectional area of ​​the Martens flask. The larger the cross-sectional area, the lower the accuracy. At the same time, the resistance of the liquid level sensor used is easily affected by temperature. The high-density resistivity method is an array exploration method. It is based on the difference in soil conductivity and studies the distribution law of conductive current in the soil under the action of an artificially applied stable current field to invert the infiltration process. The high-density double-ring infiltration method realizes the automation and visual monitoring of field data collection. However, due to its mathematical theoretical basis that the test site is horizontal and the underground half space is a uniform, infinite and isotropic medium, its measurement accuracy is poor for field spatial heterogeneous soils. In addition, during field measurements, dozens to hundreds of electrodes need to be arranged at each measuring point of the observation profile. A large number of electrodes inserted into the soil will cause great disturbance to the test soil profile and cannot truly reflect the infiltration process of the original soil, thus limiting its scope of application. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present application provides a multi-ring water infiltration test system and method, which has the advantages of easy assembly and disassembly, adjustable water head, and automatic data collection and transmission, and can simultaneously meet the test requirements of the influence of double rings of different sizes on water infiltration.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present application discloses a multi-ring water infiltration test system, including:

[0007] A Martens flask, a water head regulating elevator, a weighing sensor, a paperless recorder, a multi-ring infiltration device, and a soil-penetrating device, wherein the multi-ring infiltration device comprises a plurality of concentrically arranged monomer rings, and the monomer rings have different diameters;

[0008] The two Martens flasks are both arranged on the water head regulating elevator, and are used to supply water to the target double rings according to the preset water head; wherein the target double rings are two single rings in the multi-ring infiltration device corresponding to the double ring size of the test scheme;

[0009] The two weighing sensors are both arranged on the water head regulating elevator and are respectively located under the two Martens flasks. The weighing sensors correspond to the Martens flasks one by one, and the weighing sensors are used to measure the mass change data of the corresponding Martens flasks.

[0010] The water head adjustment elevator is used to adjust the preset water heads of the two Malchow flasks at the same time;

[0011] The paperless recorder is connected to the weighing sensor respectively, and is used to record the mass change data transmitted by the weighing sensor;

[0012] The soil-penetrating device is connected to the upper end of the target double ring and is used to uniformly press the target double ring into the test soil under the action of external force.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present application, it also includes a water-permeable baffle;

[0014] The water-permeable baffle is arranged in the target double ring, and is used to separate each monomer ring in the target double ring into a plurality of interconnected water chambers, and the plurality of interconnected water chambers are of a central symmetrical structure;

[0015] Wherein, the water-permeable baffles arranged in the inner ring of the target double ring are cross baffles perpendicular to each other, and the water-permeable baffles arranged in the outer ring of the target double ring are plane baffles;

[0016] A plurality of first slots are arranged at equal intervals on the circumferential wall of the monomer ring, and the first slots are used for inserting the water-permeable baffle.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present application, the soil-penetrating device comprises: a force-bearing member, a support rod and a second clamping slot;

[0018] The upper ends of the plurality of support rods are simultaneously connected to the lower ends of the force-bearing components through a first rotating shaft;

[0019] The lower end of each of the support rods is connected one by one with the second slot via a second rotating shaft;

[0020] Wherein, the support rod has a preset bending angle, and when the support rod is connected to the force-bearing component, the bending surface of the support rod faces the central axis of the force-bearing component.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present application, the water head regulating elevator comprises:

[0022] A tray, disposed between the Martens flask and the weighing sensor, the tray being used to support the Martens flask;

[0023] A load-bearing plate, disposed below the weighing sensor and connected to the lower end of the weighing sensor, for supporting the Martens flask and the weighing sensor;

[0024] An adjustable lifting bracket is arranged below the load-bearing plate and connected to the load-bearing plate, and is used to adjust the height of the load-bearing plate. A lifting platform scale is arranged on the adjustable lifting bracket;

[0025] The base is arranged below the adjustable lifting bracket and connected to the adjustable lifting bracket.

[0026] In one embodiment of the present application, the lower end of the single ring has a blade of a preset height.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present application, the first slot is provided with first screw holes at equal intervals along the vertical direction, and the two side walls of the water-permeable baffle are provided with second screw holes along the vertical direction, and the first screw holes are connected to the second screw holes by bolts.

[0028] In an embodiment of the present application, the bending angle ranges from 60° to 75°.

[0029] In one embodiment of the present application, the base includes:

[0030] Lift fixing plate, multiple folding legs;

[0031] The upper end surface of the elevator fixing plate is connected to the adjustable lifting bracket, and the lower end surface is connected to the multiple folding legs.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present application, the Malchnitz flask comprises:

[0033] The Martens flask body is provided with a bottle mouth;

[0034] An elastic sealing plug installed in the bottle mouth and exerting radial pressure on the bottle mouth;

[0035] An air inlet capillary tube, the upper end of which is an air inlet, the lower end of which is an air outlet, and the end surface of which penetrates the elastic sealing plug is placed in the Malchnitz flask body, and the air inlet is communicated with the inner cavity of the Malchnitz flask body;

[0036] The water outlet valve is connected to the inner ring or the outer ring of the target double ring through a water conduit.

[0037] In order to solve the above problems, the embodiment of the present application further discloses a multi-ring water infiltration test method, which is applied to the system described in the embodiment of the present application, including:

[0038] According to the preset test plan, the test soil is leveled and the target double ring is determined in the multi-ring infiltration device;

[0039] Connecting a soil-penetrating device to the upper end of the target double ring, and applying an external force to the soil-penetrating device to press the target double ring into the test soil;

[0040] The height difference between the gas outlet on the Martens flask and the test soil surface in the target double ring is adjusted to a preset water head;

[0041] Under the preset water head, the two Martens flasks simultaneously supply water to the test soil in the inner and outer rings of the target double rings to carry out a double ring infiltration test;

[0042] In the double-ring infiltration test, the vertical permeability coefficient of the test soil is calculated based on the test time, the mass change data recorded by the paperless recorder, and the inner ring area of ​​the target double ring.

[0043] The embodiments of the present application include the following advantages:

[0044] In the embodiment of the present application, the multi-ring water infiltration test system includes a Malvern flask, a water head adjustment elevator, a weighing sensor, a paperless recorder, a multi-ring infiltration device and a soil percussion device, wherein the multi-ring infiltration device includes a plurality of concentrically arranged monomer rings, and the monomer rings have different diameters; two Malvern flasks are arranged on the water head adjustment elevator, and are used to supply water to the target double rings according to the preset water head; wherein the target double rings are two monomer rings in the multi-ring infiltration device corresponding to the double ring size of the test scheme; the soil percussion device is used to press the target double rings into the test soil uniformly under the action of external force. Through the above structure, the embodiment of the present application can realize the combination of any double rings, can meet the test requirements of the influence of different inner and outer ring combinations on water infiltration, and has the advantages of convenient combination and disassembly, adjustable water head and automatic data collection and transmission; the combined double rings are pressed into the test soil with equal pressure and equal depth by the soil percussion device, avoiding the occurrence of tilting caused by uneven force.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present application, before the target double ring is pressed into the test soil, the embodiment of the present application first fixes the inner and outer ring positions of the target double ring by a permeable baffle. After the permeable baffle is fixed, the target double ring is a centrally symmetrical structure, thereby ensuring that when the single rings in the target double ring are pressed into the soil one by one by using a soil-penetrating hammering device, the target double ring is not deformed and the ring spacing is consistent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0047] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a multi-ring water infiltration test system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a Martens flask according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water head lift regulating device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 4a It is a front structural schematic diagram of the paperless recorder of the embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 4b It is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the paperless recorder in the embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 5a is a front view of a multi-ring infiltration device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 5b is a top view of a multi-ring infiltration device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figure 5c is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a multi-ring infiltration device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the monomer ring of the embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Figure 7a is a schematic structural diagram of a plane baffle in an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Figure 7b This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cross baffle in the embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the soil-penetrating device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Fig. 9 It is a step flow chart of a multi-ring water infiltration testing method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0060] Description of reference numerals:

[0061] 1- Martens flask, 101- Martens flask body, 102- elastic sealing plug, 103- air inlet capillary, 104- water outlet valve, 105- water guide pipe;

[0062] 2-adjustable water head lift, 201-tray, 202-load-bearing plate, 203-adjustable lift bracket, 204-base, 205-lifting platform scale; 2041-lifting machine fixing plate; 2042-folding legs;

[0063] 3-Weighing sensor; 4-Paperless recorder;

[0064] 5-multi-ring infiltration device, 501-monomeric ring, 502-water-permeable baffle, 503-first slot, 504-blade, 505-handle, 506-water-permeable hole;

[0065] 6-soil striking device, 601-load bearing member, 602-support rod, 603-second slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0067] In view of the technical problems existing in the current double-ring infiltration instrument, Figure 1 , shows a schematic structural diagram of a multi-ring water infiltration test system according to an embodiment of the present application, the system may include:

[0068] A Martens flask 1, a water head regulating elevator 2, a weighing sensor 3, a paperless recorder 4, a multi-ring infiltration device 5, and a soil-penetrating device 6, wherein the multi-ring infiltration device 5 comprises a plurality of concentrically arranged monomer rings 501, and the monomer rings 501 have different diameters;

[0069] Two Malchow flasks 1 are both arranged on the water head regulating elevator 2, and are used to supply water to the target double rings according to the preset water head; wherein the target double rings are two single rings 501 in the multi-ring infiltration device 5 corresponding to the double ring size of the test scheme;

[0070] Two weighing sensors 3 are both arranged on the water head regulating elevator 2 and are respectively located under the two Martens flasks 1. The weighing sensors 3 correspond to the Martens flasks 1 one by one. The weighing sensors 3 are used to measure the mass change quantity of the corresponding Martens flask 1.

[0071] A water head adjustment lift 2 is used to adjust the preset water heads of two Malchow flasks 1 at the same time;

[0072] The paperless recorder 4 is connected to the weighing sensor 3 respectively, and is used to record the mass change data transmitted by the weighing sensor 3;

[0073] The soil-penetrating device 6 is connected to the upper end of the target double ring and is used to press the target double ring evenly into the test soil under the action of external force.

[0074] Among them, the Martens flask 1 is a device based on the principle of communicating vessels, which makes the pressure inside and outside the container consistent, thereby achieving constant water head and automatic water replenishment in the Martens flask. Specifically, refer to Figure 2The Malchnitz flask 1 may include: a Malchnitz flask body 101, which is provided with a bottle mouth; an elastic sealing plug 102, which is installed in the bottle mouth and has radial pressure on the bottle mouth; an air inlet capillary 103, whose upper end is an air inlet, whose lower end is an air outlet and whose end surface passes through the elastic sealing plug 102 and is placed in the Malchnitz flask body 101, wherein the air inlet is communicated with the inner cavity of the Malchnitz flask body 101; and a water outlet valve 104, which is communicated with the inner ring or outer ring of the target double ring through a water guide pipe 105.

[0075] In the embodiment of the present application, the height difference between the air outlet at the lower end of the air inlet capillary 103 and the surface of the test soil is the water head (the depth of water accumulation on the soil surface). As the water infiltrates the target double ring, a small liquid level difference is generated between the liquid surface in the ring and the air outlet of the Malchnitz flask 1. This liquid level difference provides the water supply power for the Malchnitz flask 1. When the liquid level in the ring is flush with the air outlet, the water supply of the Malchnitz flask 1 stops, and this process repeats itself. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application can adjust the water infiltration head by adjusting the height of the air outlet, so that the Malchnitz flask 1 can supply water to the target double ring according to the preset water head. Optionally, the embodiment of the present application can adjust the height of the air outlet by pulling the air inlet capillary 103 up and down.

[0076] However, since the present application is to conduct an infiltration test on field soil, and the multi-ring infiltration device 5 has a certain height, in order to create a liquid level difference between the air outlet of the Malchnitz flask 1 and the test soil surface in the target double ring, it is necessary to raise the Malchnitz flask 1 before adjusting the water head. Considering that the Malchnitz flask 1 is large in size and heavy in weight, it is difficult to directly place a support on the lower end of the Malchnitz flask 1, and the water head adjustment is inconvenient. Based on this, the embodiment of the present application also proposes an adjustable water head elevator 2, and the Malchnitz flasks 1 for testing are all placed on the adjustable water head elevator 2. The adjustable water head elevator 2 can make coarse and / or fine adjustments to the preset water heads of all supported Malchnitz flasks 1. Specifically, referring to Figure 3 In one embodiment of the present application, the adjustable water head lift 2 may include: a tray 201, a load-bearing plate 202, an adjustable lifting bracket 203, a base 204, etc., wherein the tray 201 is arranged between the Martens flask 1 and the weighing sensor 3, and the tray 201 is used to support the Martens flask 1; the load-bearing plate 202 is arranged below the weighing sensor 3 and connected to the lower end of the weighing sensor 3, and is used to support the Martens flask 1 and the weighing sensor 3; the adjustable lifting bracket 203 is arranged below the load-bearing plate 202 and connected to the load-bearing plate 202, and is used to adjust the height of the load-bearing plate 202, and a lifting platform scale 205 is arranged on the adjustable lifting bracket 203; the base 204 is arranged below the adjustable lifting bracket 203 and connected to the adjustable lifting bracket 203.

[0077] Among them, Figure 3As shown, the adjustable lifting bracket 203 includes a height adjustment knob (not marked in the figure), an S-shaped lifting rod (not marked in the figure) and a lifting platform scale 205. By rotating the height adjustment knob, the user can control the S-shaped lifting rod to move up and down in accordance with the scale line on the lifting platform scale 205, and then by pulling the air inlet capillary 103 on the Malchnitz flask body 101 up and down, the water head of the Malchnitz flask 1 can be finely adjusted. The height adjustment knob is provided with an elevator height locking button (not marked in the figure). When the height difference between the Malchnitz flask outlet and the test soil surface is equal to the test preset water head, the rotation stops, and the elevator height locking button is pressed to end the water head adjustment.

[0078] The load-bearing plate 202 is fixed on the adjustable lifting bracket 203 by fastening bolts, and two weighing sensors 3 are equally spaced at both ends of the load-bearing plate 202 with the adjustable lifting bracket 203 as the origin. The lower end surface of the weighing sensor 3 can be fixed to the upper end surface of the load-bearing plate 202 by fastening bolts or bonding. The two trays 201 are fixed to the two weighing sensors 3 by bolts respectively. It should be noted that the weight measurement principle of the weighing sensor 3 is to convert the change of the resistance of the deformation material inside the sensor caused by the mass change into a voltage or current signal. When the bottom of the tray 201 is tightly attached to the surface of the weighing sensor 3, the change of the mass of the Martens flask 1 will not cause the change of the resistance of the deformation material inside the weighing sensor 3, so it is impossible to measure the change of the amount of water entering the test soil from the Martens flask. Therefore, when the weighing sensor 3 is fixed to the tray 201, there is still enough space on its upper surface, which can be selected to be 5 to 10 mm.

[0079] The base 204 is used to be placed on the ground, and plays the role of supporting and leveling the water head regulating elevator 2. Figure 3 As shown, the base 204 may include: an elevator fixing plate 2041, and a plurality of folding legs 2042; the elevator fixing plate 2041, the upper end surface is connected to the adjustable lifting bracket 203, and the lower end surface is connected to the plurality of folding legs 2042. The plurality of folding legs 2042 are evenly arranged at the lower end of the elevator fixing plate 2041, and the upper end of the folding legs 2042 and the lower end surface of the elevator fixing plate 2041 can be designed as a foldable structure so as to be stored when the test is not carried out; the lower end of the folding leg 2042 is a conical structure, which is convenient for inserting the entire bracket into the soil and plays a stabilizing role. When the experimenter inserts the folding leg 2042 into the soil, the entire adjustable water head elevator 2 needs to be adjusted to a horizontal level.

[0080] Paperless recorder 4, for multi-channel data collection paperless recorder 4. Optional, refer to Figure 4a and Figure 4bThe front of the paperless recorder 4 is mainly composed of a digital input panel, a data output panel and function keys, and a power jack and a DC battery slot are provided on the back. The digital input panel can be used to set the time, date and the parameters corresponding to the function keys (for example: range, correction coefficient, sampling interval, file naming, etc.). Of course, the user can also set the physical quantity in the function key (for example: range, correction coefficient, sampling interval, file naming, etc.) through the digital input panel. The function keys include keys for sampling interval, correction coefficient, data format and data saving. For example, by operating the "sampling interval" function key, the user can reasonably set the data sampling interval according to the test time period, such as 1s, 2s, 5s, 10s, 20s, 30s, 1min, etc.; by operating the "correction coefficient" function key, the user can find a reasonable proportional relationship and correct the data; by operating the "data format" function key, the user can select the default saved data format, such as Txt or Excel format; through the "data save" function key, the user can read the test data through the data output interface on the paperless recorder 4. The function of the data output panel is to display the mass change data transmitted by the weighing sensor 3 in real time so as to know the change of the water volume in the Martens flask 1. The power jack can be connected to the mains through a power cord. For short-term experiments, users can choose to install a portable battery in the DC battery card slot for power supply. The paperless recorder 4 can also be connected to the client to save and transmit the collected Martens flask mass change data to the client.

[0081] like Figure 1 As shown, when conducting the test, the paperless recorder 4 can be placed on the load-bearing plate 202 of the adjustable water head lift 2 and fixed to the load-bearing plate 202 by fastening bolts. The paperless recorder 4 can be located between the two weighing sensors 3 to reduce the length of the signal line connected to the two weighing sensors 3 at the same time.

[0082] Due to the influence of the steel ring side wall effect, the size and shape of the double-ring infiltrator will affect the infiltration measurement results. General research believes that the measurement results of the infiltration instrument with a larger inner diameter are more stable, and the permeability coefficient decreases with the increase of the double-ring infiltration instrument buffer index. In order to facilitate the study of the influence of double rings composed of different inner and outer ring diameters on water infiltration. According to the test requirements, the user can press the two monomer rings 501 (target double rings) required for the test into the test soil through the soil percussion device 6, while the other monomer rings 501 in the multi-ring infiltration device 5 do not need to be pressed into the soil.

[0083] Figure 5a , Figure 5b as well as Figure 5c This is a diagram of a multi-ring system composed of monomer rings 501 with different diameters according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5a , Figure 5b as well as Figure 5cOnly four sizes are set (for drawing effect, the embodiment of the present application only shows four monomer rings 501. The embodiment of the present application does not make specific requirements on the diameter and number of the monomer rings 501. It is only an example. Users can customize monomer rings 501 of different quantities and diameters according to actual needs).

[0084] In practice, since the target double ring is pressed into the test soil, the test soil with low water content and hard soil is encountered. If the steel ring is unevenly stressed during the process of knocking into the soil, the steel ring will deform, resulting in a reduction in the actual cross-sectional area of ​​water flow, which not only causes measurement errors, but also reduces the durable usability of the ring body. Secondly, in the process of visually pressing the monomer ring 501 into the test soil, the inner and outer rings of the target double ring will also be non-concentric rings. The non-concentric rings will cause the infiltration rate on the side of the inner ring close to the large ring spacing to be smaller (the lateral flow has a smaller impact), while the infiltration rate on the side of the inner ring close to the smaller ring spacing is larger (the lateral flow has a larger impact). Therefore, before the target double ring is pressed into the test soil, the embodiment of the present application proposes to first fix the inner and outer ring positions of the target double ring by a permeable baffle 502, and the target double ring after the permeable baffle 502 is fixed to a central symmetrical structure, so that it can be ensured that when the monomer rings 501 in the target double ring are pressed into the soil one by one by the burrowing and knocking device 6, the target double ring can be guaranteed not to be deformed and the ring spacing is consistent.

[0085] In the embodiments of the present application, Figure 1 , Figure 5b as well as Figure 5c As shown, the water-permeable baffle 502 is at least arranged inside the target double ring, and is used to separate each monomer ring 501 in the target double ring into a plurality of interconnected water chambers, and the plurality of interconnected water chambers are centrally symmetrical structures; wherein the water-permeable baffle 502 arranged in the inner ring of the target double ring is a cross baffle perpendicular to each other, and the water-permeable baffle 502 arranged in the outer ring of the target double ring is a plane baffle; a plurality of first card grooves 503 are evenly spaced on the circumferential wall of the monomer ring 501, and the first card groove 503 is used to insert the water-permeable baffle 502.

[0086] The monomer ring 501 is an open steel ring with upper and lower ends communicating with each other. The lower end of the monomer ring 501 has a blade 504 of a preset height so as to press the steel ring into the test soil. Optionally, the preset height can be set to 5 cm. A plurality of first slots 503 are arranged at equal intervals on the circumferential wall of the monomer ring 501. The circumferential wall of the monomer ring 501 can refer to only the inner wall, or to both the inner and outer walls at the same position. Figure 1 , Figure 5b as well as Figure 5cAs shown, the outermost monomer ring 501 in the multi-ring infiltration device 5 only needs to be provided with a first groove 503 on its inner wall, while the other monomer rings 501 are provided with first grooves 503 on both the inner and outer walls so as to be connected with other monomer rings 501 through a flat baffle to realize a combination of double rings of any different sizes.

[0087] Reference Figure 6 , the number of first slots 503 located on the outermost monomer ring 501 in the multi-ring infiltration device 5 is four, and the inner and outer side walls of the other monomer rings 501 are respectively provided with four first slots 503, and the four first slots 503 are arranged at equal intervals on the circumferential wall of the monomer ring 501. When any two monomer rings 501 are assembled into the target double ring, the four side walls of the cross baffle are respectively inserted into the four first slots 503 of the inner side wall of the inner ring monomer ring 501, and one end of the four plane baffles are respectively inserted into the four first slots 503 of the outer side wall of the inner ring monomer ring 501, and the other end is inserted into the four first slots 503 of the inner side wall of the outer ring monomer ring 501.

[0088] Reference Figure 7a , shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the plane baffle of the embodiment of the present application. The plane baffle is arranged between two rings, such as between the second monomer ring 501 and the third monomer ring 501 of the multi-ring infiltration device 5, and between the third monomer ring 501 and the fourth monomer ring 501 of the multi-ring infiltration device 5. Figure 7b , is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cross baffle of the embodiment of the present application, and the cross baffle is set in the inner ring of the target double ring. Among them, the width of the plane baffle depends on the width between the two double rings, and the width of the cross baffle depends on the inner ring diameter of the target double ring. The height of the permeable baffle 502 is generally the part of the target double ring that is higher than the soil (that is, the total height of the single ring 501 minus the height of the lower blade 504). The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific size of the permeable baffle 502, and the user can customize the permeable baffle 502 of a suitable size according to actual needs. Figure 7a and Figure 7b As shown, a water-permeable hole 506 is opened at the bottom of the water-permeable baffle 502, so that even when the water-permeable baffle 502 is set, each monomer ring 501 in the target double ring can be divided into multiple interconnected water chambers to form an isobaric surface.

[0089] In order to improve the stability of the target double ring during the process of pressing the test soil, the permeable baffle 502 is set in the target double ring. In the embodiment of the present application, the first slot 503 is provided with a first screw hole at equal intervals along the vertical direction, and the two side walls of the permeable baffle 502 are provided with a second screw hole along the vertical direction, and the first screw hole and the second screw hole are connected by bolts. The first screw hole and the second screw hole can be one or more. When there is one, when the test is carried out, only the first slot 503 in the target double ring is fixed with the second screw hole on the permeable baffle 502 by bolts, and the other monomer rings 501 in the multi-ring infiltration device 5 are artificially lifted to ensure the implementation of the double ring infiltration test; when there are multiple, in addition to fixing the first slot 503 in the target double ring with the second screw hole on the permeable baffle 502 by bolts, the other monomer rings 501 in the multi-ring infiltration device 5 can be fixed by bolts and then displaced with the target double ring to achieve the lifting of other monomer rings 501, which saves more manpower during the test. In addition, the outermost ring of the multi-ring infiltration device 5 is also provided with a handle 505, which is convenient for carrying the multi-ring infiltration device 5 and can prevent the blade 504 at the lower end of the single ring 501 from scratching the user's hand.

[0090] In an application example of this application, the user needs to carry out Figure 5c In the double ring infiltration test under the combination of the fourth monomer ring 501 and the second monomer ring 501, if the third monomer ring 501 is not lifted, the fourth monomer ring 501 and the second monomer ring 501 cannot form a connecting surface. Similarly, if the first monomer ring 501 is not lifted, a complete connecting surface cannot be formed in the second monomer ring 501. Therefore, after pressing the target double ring (such as the fourth monomer ring 501 and the second monomer ring 501) into the test soil, the user first Figure 7a One end of the flat baffle is fixed to the outer ring of the target double ring that has been pressed into the test soil (the first card groove 503 located on the inner side of the fourth monomer ring 501 or the first card groove 503 located on the outer side of the second monomer ring 501) by fastening bolts. Then, the user slightly lifts the other monomer rings 501 off the ground by about 5 mm (the user does not need to lift the other monomer rings 501 other than the target double rings particularly high, as long as they do not hinder the flow of water. For example, by lifting the third monomer ring 501, the area between the fourth monomer ring 501 and the second monomer ring 501 can form an isobaric surface), and then Figure 7a The other end of the planar baffle is fixed to the outer ring of the target double ring (the first clamping groove 503 on the inner side of the fourth monomer ring 501 or the first clamping groove 503 on the outer side of the second monomer ring 501) which has been pressed into the test soil by fastening bolts, and Figure 7b The four ends of the cross baffle are respectively fixed to the four first clamping grooves 503 on the inner side of the second single ring 501 by fastening bolts. If the multi-ring is 5, 6 ... layers of rings, and so on, any double ring combination can be achieved.

[0091] In the embodiments of this application, refer to Figure 8 The soil-penetrating hammering device 6 may include: a force-bearing component 601, a support rod 602 and a second slot 603; the upper ends of multiple support rods 602 are simultaneously connected to the lower end of the force-bearing component 601 through a first rotating axis; the lower end of each support rod 602 is connected one by one to the second slot 603 through a second rotating axis; wherein the support rod 602 has a preset bending angle, and when the support rod 602 is connected to the force-bearing component 601, the curved surface of the support rod 602 faces the central axis of the force-bearing component.

[0092] Among them, the force-bearing member 601 can be cylindrical, and its upper surface is the force-bearing surface for the striking tool to strike, and the bottom surface is provided with 4 semicircular grooves, and there is a mounting portion in the middle of the groove. After the mounting portion is connected to the first rotating shaft, multiple support rods 602 can move radially along the force-bearing member 601 to adjust the spacing of the soil-penetrating device 6, so as to be suitable for monomer rings 501 of different diameters, so as to knock and press them into the test soil. The support rod 602 is an L-shaped solid metal rod. Optionally, the value range of the bending angle of the support rod 602 is 60° to 75°. Within this value range, it can be effectively applied to monomer rings 501 of different diameters, and it can also prevent the lateral component of the vertical striking force from being too large through the support rod 602, thereby causing the monomer ring 501 to be stretched and deformed. The bayonet in the second slot 603 is square, which can match the end face of the monomer ring 501. After the second clamping groove 603 is connected to the second rotating shaft at the lower end of the support rod 602 , it can rotate around the shaft, so that it is easier to clamp on the upper end of the monomer ring 501 .

[0093] Before conducting the test, the user rotates the support rod 602 to a suitable angle, and then inserts the second slot 603 into the upper edge of the monomer ring 501. Then, the user uses a hammer or other striking object to hit the upper surface of the force-bearing component 601, and the monomer ring 501 is pressed into the test soil through the conduction of the support rod 602.

[0094] In summary, the present application describes in detail the structure of the multi-ring water infiltration test system, which can realize any combination of double rings, can meet the test requirements of the influence of different inner and outer ring combinations on water infiltration, and has the advantage of convenient combination and disassembly; due to the setting of the permeable baffle 502, it is ensured that the combined double rings are concentric rings; the combined double rings are pressed into the test soil with equal pressure and equal depth by the soil-penetrating device 6, avoiding the tilt caused by uneven force; the Malchnitz flask 1 is placed horizontally on the water head adjustment elevator 2, and the height of the air outlet inside the Malchnitz flask is adjusted by the air inlet capillary 103, and combined with the height adjustment knob on the water head adjustment elevator 2, the infiltration head can be accurately adjusted; the two Malchnitz flasks 1 are connected to the inner and outer rings of the target double rings through the water pipe 105 (rubber hose), and the mass change data of the Malchnitz flask during the test is collected by the weighing sensor 3, and then recorded by the paperless recorder 4, which can realize the automatic measurement and recording of the test soil infiltration data.

[0095] Based on the same inventive concept, Fig. 9 , shows a flow chart of the steps of a multi-ring water infiltration test method according to an embodiment of the present application, which method can be applied to the multi-ring water infiltration test system according to an embodiment of the present application, and the method may include the following steps:

[0096] Step S1: According to the preset test plan, the test soil is leveled and the target double ring is determined in the multi-ring infiltration device 5;

[0097] Step S2: Connect the soil-penetrating device 6 to the upper end of the target double ring, and apply external force to the soil-penetrating device 6 to press the target double ring into the test soil;

[0098] Step S3: adjusting the height difference between the gas outlet on the Martens flask 1 and the test soil surface in the target double ring to a preset water head;

[0099] Step S4: Under a preset water head, two Malchow flasks 1 simultaneously supply water to the test soil in the inner and outer rings of the target double rings to carry out a double ring infiltration test;

[0100] Step S5: In the double-ring infiltration test, the vertical permeability coefficient of the test soil is calculated according to the test time, the mass change data recorded by the paperless recorder 4 and the inner ring area of ​​the target double ring.

[0101] As shown in step S1, before conducting the test, the test soil is first leveled: since the double-ring infiltration instrument is a pressurized infiltration instrument for accumulated water, in order to maintain the uniform depth of accumulated water in the double rings, the ground is required to be level during the measurement. In order to eliminate the influence of plant roots, surface stones, and garbage on the double-ring infiltration experiment, the user must use a scraper or shovel to level the topsoil slightly larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the largest ring.

[0102] Step S2: Figure 5a, Figure 5b as well as Figure 5c The multi-ring infiltration device 5 is placed on the flattened test soil surface. First, select the target double ring from the multi-ring infiltration device 5 according to the experimental requirements. Figure 8 The second slot 603 on the soil-penetrating device 6 shown is inserted into any monomer ring 501 in the target double ring, and the force-bearing surface of the soil-penetrating device 6 is hit with a hammer to slowly press the monomer ring 501 into the soil. The 5cm blade 504 at the lower end of the monomer ring 501 is flush with the ground and the knocking force conduction bracket is removed. Since the four L-shaped solid metal rods transmit the knocking force equally to the four symmetrical points of the monomer ring 501, the monomer ring 501 is not easy to tilt during the descent process, which effectively avoids the damage to the test soil caused by the tilt of the monomer ring 501 knocked on one side. Then, repeat the above steps to knock the remaining monomer rings 501 in the target double rings into the test soil. Then fix the permeable baffle 502 to the target double ring.

[0103] Before executing step S3, in order to prevent the water supply from being interrupted due to accidental tipping of the Martens flask during the test, the user must Figure 3 The water head adjustment lift 2 is adjusted to a horizontal level. The user first unfolds the four folding legs 2042 at the bottom of the water head adjustment lift 2, selects a flat land 50 to 100 cm away from the outermost ring, and presses the folding legs 2042 into the soil until the water head adjustment lift 2 does not shake, and uses a level to adjust the lift fixing plate 2041 and the load-bearing plate 202 on the water head adjustment lift 2 to a horizontal level (both vertical directions are horizontal). Then, close the Figure 2 The water outlet valve 104 of the Malchnitz flask 1 is unplugged, the elastic sealing plug 102 and the air inlet capillary 103 at the top of the Malchnitz flask body 101 are unplugged, and water is added to the Malchnitz flask body 101 using a conical funnel. It is not necessary to fill it up, and the water is added to a scale slightly higher than the predicted water consumption. Then, the elastic sealing plug 102 is plugged and the air inlet capillary 103 is inserted, and then a small amount of water is used to seal the elastic sealing plug 102 and the contact port of the Malchnitz flask. Finally, the air tightness is checked. The user blocks the air inlet of the Malchnitz flask 1 by hand, and then opens the water outlet valve 104. When no water flows out of the water outlet of the water outlet valve 104, it means that the air tightness is good. Otherwise, the air tightness of the water outlet valve 104 is checked until no water flows out of the water outlet.

[0104] The water head adjustment in step S3 is divided into two steps: coarse adjustment and fine adjustment. First, adjust the two Figure 2 The Malvern flask 1 shown is placed in Figure 3 In the middle of the two trays 201, the water outlet of the Malchnitz flask 1 faces the double ring direction. Secondly, according to the test water head requirements, move the air inlet capillary 103 of the Malchnitz flask 1 up and down until the position of the lower end of the air outlet and the height difference of the test soil surface in the target double ring are basically flush with the preset water head. Finally, rotate Figure 3As shown, adjust the height adjustment knob of the water head elevator 2 until the height difference between the gas outlet of the Martens flask and the surface of the test soil is equal to the preset water head of the test and stops rotating. Press the elevator height locking button on the height adjustment knob to end the water head adjustment.

[0105] Turn on the switch of the paperless recorder 4 located on the water head regulating lift 2, use 2 or 3 standard weights to calibrate the measurement data of the weighing sensor 3, put the standard weights on the tray 201, and observe the increment of the data channel of the paperless recorder 4 corresponding to the tray 201. When the increment is equal to the mass of the standard weight, no adjustment is required. When the increment is not equal to the mass of the standard weight, the user presses the "correction coefficient" button of the paperless recorder 4 to adjust the correction coefficient until the increment is equal to the mass of the standard weight.

[0106] After completing the above steps, place one end of the water pipe 105 connecting the two Malchow flasks 1 in the inner and outer rings of the target double rings. In order to prevent the water pipe 105 from falling outside the double rings due to the twisting of the pipe body under the action of the fast water flow at the initial moment, the two water pipes 105 can be slightly longer. Figure 1 The water outlet valves 104 of the two Malchow flasks 1 are shown, and the test begins.

[0107] According to the collected data, step S5 is executed.

[0108] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0109] It should also be noted that, in this article, the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations, nor can they be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or terminal device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or terminal device. Without more restrictions, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or terminal device comprising the element.

[0110] The technical solution provided by the present application is described in detail above. The principle and implementation method of the present application are described in this article using specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the present application, and the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present application. At the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the present application, there will be different forms of changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here, and the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-ring water infiltration test system, characterized in that: include: A Martens flask (1), a water head regulating elevator (2), a weighing sensor (3), a paperless recorder (4), a multi-ring infiltration device (5), a water permeable baffle (502), and a soil knocking device (6), wherein the multi-ring infiltration device (5) comprises a plurality of concentrically arranged monomer rings (501), and the monomer rings (501) have different diameters; The two Martens flasks (1) are both arranged on the water head regulating elevator (2) and are used to supply water to the target double rings according to the preset water head; wherein the target double rings are two single rings (501) in the multi-ring infiltration device (5) corresponding to the double ring size of the test scheme; when the test is carried out, the target double rings are pressed into the test soil, and the other single rings (501) except the target double rings are not pressed into the test soil; The two weighing sensors (3) are both arranged on the water head regulating elevator (2) and are respectively located under the two Martens flasks (1). The weighing sensors (3) correspond to the Martens flasks (1) one by one. The weighing sensors (3) are used to measure the mass change data of the corresponding Martens flasks (1). The water head adjustment elevator (2) is used to adjust the preset water heads of the two Malchow flasks (1) at the same time; The paperless recorder (4) is connected to the weighing sensor (3) respectively, and is used to record the mass change data transmitted by the weighing sensor (3); The soil-penetrating device (6) is connected to the upper end of the target double ring and is used to press the target double ring evenly into the test soil under the action of external force, so as to avoid the target double ring being tilted due to uneven force on the target double ring; The water-permeable baffle (502) is at least arranged inside the target double ring and is used to fix the inner and outer ring positions of the target double ring, so as to ensure that the target double ring does not deform when the target double ring is hammered into the test soil by the soil hammering device (6); The soil-penetrating device (6) comprises: a force-bearing component (601) and a support rod (602); the support rod (602) is used to connect the force-bearing component (601) and the upper end of the target double ring; the support rod (602) has a preset bending angle and is suitable for the monomer rings (501) of different diameters; The water-permeable baffle (502) is used to separate each monomer ring (501) in the target double ring into a plurality of interconnected water chambers, and the plurality of interconnected water chambers are of a central symmetrical structure; Wherein, the water-permeable baffle (502) arranged in the inner ring of the target double ring is a cross baffle that is perpendicular to each other, and the water-permeable baffle (502) arranged in the outer ring of the target double ring is a plane baffle; A plurality of first slots (503) are arranged at equal intervals on the circumferential wall of the monomer ring (501), and the first slots (503) are used to insert the water-permeable baffle (502); the inner side wall of the outermost monomer ring (501) in the multi-ring infiltration device (5) is provided with the first slots (503), and the inner and outer side walls of the other monomer rings (501) in the multi-ring infiltration device (5) except the outermost monomer ring (501) are all provided with the first slots (503) so as to be connected with the other monomer rings (501) through the planar baffle.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The soil-penetrating device (6) comprises: a second clamping slot (603); The upper ends of the plurality of support rods (602) are simultaneously connected to the lower end of the force-bearing component (601) via a first rotating shaft; The lower end of each of the support rods (602) is connected one by one to the second slot (603) via a second rotating shaft; Wherein, when the support rod (602) is connected to the force-bearing component (601), the curved surface of the support rod (602) faces the central axis of the force-bearing component.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The water head regulating elevator (2) comprises: A tray (201) is arranged between the Martens flask (1) and the weighing sensor (3), and the tray (201) is used to support the Martens flask (1); A load-bearing plate (202), arranged below the weighing sensor (3) and connected to the lower end of the weighing sensor (3), for supporting the Martens flask (1) and the weighing sensor (3); An adjustable lifting bracket (203) is arranged below the load-bearing plate (202) and connected to the load-bearing plate (202), and is used to adjust the height of the load-bearing plate (202); a lifting platform scale (205) is arranged on the adjustable lifting bracket (203); The base (204) is arranged below the adjustable lifting bracket (203) and is connected to the adjustable lifting bracket (203).

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The lower end of the monomer ring (501) has a blade (504) of a preset height.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The first clamping groove (503) is provided with first screw holes at equal intervals along the vertical direction, and the two side walls of the water-permeable baffle (502) are provided with second screw holes along the vertical direction, and the first screw hole is connected to the second screw hole by bolts.

6. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that The bending angle ranges from 60° to 75°.

7. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that The base (204) comprises: A lifting machine fixing plate (2041), a plurality of folding legs (2042); The upper end surface of the elevator fixing plate (2041) is connected to the adjustable lifting bracket (203), and the lower end surface is connected to the multiple folding legs (2042).

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The Martens flask (1) comprises: A Martens flask body (101) is provided with a flask mouth; An elastic sealing plug (102) is installed in the bottle mouth and exerts radial pressure on the bottle mouth; An air inlet capillary (103) having an air inlet at the upper end and an air outlet at the lower end and an end surface penetrating the elastic sealing plug and disposed in the Malvern flask body (101), wherein the air inlet is in communication with the inner cavity of the Malvern flask body (101); The water outlet valve (104) is connected to the inner ring or the outer ring of the target double ring through the water conduit (105).

9. A multi-ring water infiltration test method, characterized in that: The system applied to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises: According to the preset test plan, the test soil is leveled and the target double ring is determined in the multi-ring infiltration device (5); Connecting a soil-penetrating device (6) to the upper end of the target double ring, and applying an external force to the soil-penetrating device (6) to press the target double ring into the test soil; The height difference between the gas outlet on the Martens flask (1) and the test soil surface in the target double ring is adjusted to a preset water head; Under the preset water head, the two Malchow flasks (1) simultaneously supply water to the test soil in the inner and outer rings of the target double rings to carry out a double ring infiltration test; In the double ring infiltration test, the vertical permeability coefficient of the test soil is calculated based on the test time, the mass change data recorded by the paperless recorder (4) and the inner ring area of ​​the target double ring; The step of connecting the earth-penetrating device (6) to the upper end of the target double ring comprises: rotating the support rod (602) of the earth-penetrating device (6) to a target angle, and connecting the force-bearing component (601) and the upper end of the target double ring by using the support rod (602).

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