Thermal shock test device for testing the airtightness of connecting parts of fusion devices

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of magnetic confinement nuclear fusion, and specifically is a thermal shock experimental device for detecting the airtightness of connection components of a fusion device, comprising a vacuum chamber and a heating and measuring component, a turbomolecular pump and a gas storage tank connected to the vacuum chamber and the heating and measuring component, a leak detector and a mechanical pump connected to the turbomolecular pump, and a helium gas cylinder connected to the gas storage tank component; the device adopts an internal heating method, has good heating performance and excellent heat insulation effect, has a flexible structure, can increase mechanical load, and realizes multi-field coupling operation, and can be used for the airtightness research of high-temperature and high-pressure connection components to be tested in a magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device or other related technical fields in a high vacuum environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of magnetic confinement nuclear fusion, and in particular relates to an experimental detection device for connecting components in a fusion device. Background Art

[0002] In the design of fusion devices, some structures will be designed with corresponding connecting parts. Take the divertor component in the vacuum chamber as an example. It bears the thermal shock of a large amount of high-temperature plasma. To prevent the divertor structure from being burned due to heat deposition, its heat must be quickly taken out of the vacuum chamber, so the divertor structure must adopt active cooling. In order to meet the physical space requirements of plasma, the divertor structure space is usually compact, and the cooling circuit can usually only be designed in a narrow channel. Therefore, in the design process of the divertor cooling circuit structure, considering the need for easy installation, maintenance and disassembly of the divertor cooling pipeline, it is inevitable to design some active connecting joints, such as VCR joints, ferrule joints, butt flanges, etc. At the same time, the divertor cooling circuit prevents deionized water from overheating and vaporizing. The pressure is usually high during operation, such as the pressure in the ITER pipeline is about 4.0MPa.

[0003] At the same time, in order to improve the plasma operating environment in magnetic confinement nuclear fusion, the vacuum chamber and its internal components need to be baked at high temperature in the early stage of operation to remove impurity gases in the vacuum chamber. For the currently designed HL-2M magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device, the baking temperature can reach up to 350°C. At such a high temperature and after multiple cycles of heat load, there is usually no relevant data to prove whether the airtightness of the aforementioned movable connection joints can meet the design requirements.

[0004] In order to ensure that the high-temperature and high-pressure connecting components in the magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device are suitable for meeting their airtightness requirements in a high vacuum environment, it is necessary to design a set of thermal shock experimental devices that can be used to simulate the plasma operating environment to verify and optimize the structural design of key connecting components in the magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device. At present, there is no similar airtight experimental device for high-temperature and high-pressure components in a high vacuum environment in China. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a thermal shock experimental device for detecting the airtightness of the connecting components of a fusion device, which can be used to simulate the plasma operating environment, and then verify and optimize the structural design of key connecting components in a magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A thermal shock experimental device for detecting the air tightness of the connection parts of a fusion device, comprising a vacuum chamber and a heating and measuring assembly, a turbomolecular pump and a gas storage tank connected to the vacuum chamber and the heating and measuring assembly, a leak detector and a mechanical pump connected to the turbomolecular pump, and a helium gas cylinder connected to the gas storage tank assembly;

[0008] The vacuum chamber and heating measurement assembly include a vacuum chamber body, a flange located on one side of the vacuum chamber body, a flange with a penetrating water pipe located at the center of the outer side of the flange, and two sections of stainless steel pipes installed through the flange with a penetrating water pipe, the main body of which is located inside the vacuum chamber body; the two sections of stainless steel pipes are connected by a metal hose, and the measured connecting component is installed on one of the stainless steel pipes.

[0009] The vacuum chamber body is provided with an iron-zirconium-aluminum alloy resistance wire, which is fixed to the multi-layer stainless steel sheet structure by a resistance wire fixing fixture. A stainless steel sheet structure is provided between the vacuum chamber body and the iron-zirconium-aluminum alloy resistance wire, which is fixed to the inner wall of the vacuum chamber body.

[0010] The ends of the two sections of stainless steel pipes are respectively provided with an air valve and a pressure relief valve.

[0011] The vacuum chamber body is processed with a reserved vertical window and a reserved transverse window along the radial direction. The opening of the reserved vertical window is located at the upper part or the lower part of the vacuum chamber body, and the two openings of the reserved transverse window are respectively located at the front part or the rear part of the vacuum chamber body.

[0012] The tail of the vacuum chamber body is provided with a tail sealing head, on which electrodes and thermocouples are arranged.

[0013] The upper part of the vacuum chamber body is provided with a Pirani vacuum gauge and an ultra-high vacuum BA gauge.

[0014] A stop valve is also installed at the rear of the vacuum chamber body.

[0015] It comprises a support frame, on which a vacuum chamber support is fixedly arranged, and the vacuum chamber body is arranged on the vacuum chamber support.

[0016] The support slide rail comprises a slide rail support, a slide rail clamping block, a slide rail and a support beam; the slide rail support is symmetrically arranged on the vacuum chamber body, the slide rail is fixedly arranged on the slide rail support, the slide rail clamping block is arranged on the slide rail, one end of the support beam is fixedly connected to the slide rail clamping block, and the other end is fixedly connected to the flange;

[0017] The support rail includes a support roller located at the end of the rail, which is located below one end of the support beam fixedly connected to the flange.

[0018] The remarkable effects of the present invention are as follows: the experimental device for detecting the thermal shock of the airtightness of the connection parts of the fusion device adopts an internal heating method, has good heating performance and excellent thermal insulation effect, is flexible in structure, can increase mechanical load, and realize multi-field coupling operation. Due to the high heating temperature and ultra-high vacuum characteristics of the tested connection parts, it can be used for the airtightness research of the high-temperature and high-pressure tested connection parts in the magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device or other related technical fields under high vacuum environment, can accumulate basic experimental data under this condition, and effectively promote the development of high-temperature and high-vacuum technology at home and abroad.

[0019] The vertical and horizontal windows designed for the vacuum chamber and heating measurement components can improve the structural flexibility and utilization rate; the pipeline loop in the vacuum chamber adopts a modular design, integrating the measured connecting parts, stainless steel pipes, pressure gauges, pressure relief valves and other unit structures into the end face flange, which is easy to install, maintain and disassemble.

[0020] The metal hose in the pipeline loop is designed to absorb the reciprocating deformation of the installation and removal of the tested connection parts.

[0021] The vacuum chamber flange is relatively close to the heat source and adopts a double sealing structure to meet the requirements of different temperature conditions. The flange itself is heavy and not easy to install and disassemble during the experiment, so it is fixed to the slide rail support, and the slide rail support is fixed to the symmetrical sides of the upper end of the vacuum chamber body.

[0022] The iron-zirconium-aluminum alloy resistance wire in the heating system is located in the vacuum chamber. Multiple layers of stainless steel sheets are used for heat shielding between the resistance wire and the vacuum chamber to improve heat utilization and experimental operation safety, that is, to prevent the surface temperature of the vacuum chamber from being too high and scalding the experimenters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a thermal shock test device for testing the air tightness of connection parts of a fusion device;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the vacuum chamber and the heating measurement component in the direction perpendicular to the ground.

[0025] Figure 3 A longitudinal cross-sectional top view of the vacuum chamber and the heating and measuring assembly in a direction parallel to the ground;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the support rail;

[0027] In the figure: 1. Vacuum chamber and heating measurement components; 2. Tail head; 3. Turbomolecular pump; 4. Gas storage tank; 5. Support frame; 6. Mechanical pump; 7. Leak detector; 8. Helium gas cylinder; 9. Support slide rail; 10. Pirani vacuum gauge; 11. Ultra-high vacuum BA gauge; 12. Metal hose; 13. Stainless steel pipe; 14. Connecting parts to be measured; 15. Reserved vertical window; 16. Stainless steel insulation layer; 17. Flange; 18. Compression fitting; 1 9. Air valve; 20. Flange with penetrating water pipe; 21. Vacuum chamber support; 22. Vacuum chamber connection molecular pump window; 23. Vacuum chamber body; 24. Iron-zirconium-aluminum alloy resistance wire; 25. Electrode; 26. Stop valve; 27. Pressure relief valve; 28. Pressure gauge; 29. ​​Reserved horizontal window; 30. Thermocouple; 31. Resistance wire fixing fixture; 32. Rail support; 33. Slide rail clamp; 34. Slide rail; 35. Support beam; 36. Support roller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention will be further described below through the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the thermal shock experiment device includes a vacuum chamber and a heating measurement component 1, a support frame 5 for installing the vacuum chamber and the heating measurement component 1, a turbomolecular pump 3 and a gas storage tank 4 connected to the vacuum chamber and the heating measurement component 1, a leak detector 7 and a mechanical pump 6 connected to the turbomolecular pump 3, and a helium gas cylinder 8 connected to the gas storage tank component 4.

[0030] The vacuum chamber and heating measurement assembly 1 comprises a vacuum chamber body 23, a flange 17 located at one side of the vacuum chamber body 23, a flange 20 with a penetrating water pipe located at the center of the outer side of the flange 17, and a stainless steel pipe 13 installed through the flange 20 with a penetrating water pipe and having a main body located inside the vacuum chamber body 23 and connected by a metal hose 12. A vacuum chamber connecting molecular pump window 22 is processed at the lower part of the vacuum chamber body 23, which is used to connect to the turbomolecular pump 3 below the vacuum chamber and heating measurement assembly 1.

[0031] One of the two sections of stainless steel pipe 13 is installed with the connection component 14 to be tested.

[0032] The above-mentioned stainless steel pipe 13 is located outside the vacuum chamber body 23, with two ends penetrating the outside of the water pipe flange 20, one of the ends (the stainless steel pipe 13 with the tested connecting component 14 installed) is installed with an air valve 19 through a ferrule joint 18, and the other end is installed with a pressure relief valve 27, and a pressure gauge 28 can be installed on this end of the stainless steel pipe 13.

[0033] The above-mentioned vacuum chamber body 23 is installed with an iron-zirconium-aluminum alloy resistance wire 24, which is fixed on the multi-layer stainless steel thin plate structure 16 through a resistance wire fixing clamp 31. The multi-layer stainless steel thin plate structure 16 is installed between the vacuum chamber body 23 and the iron-zirconium-aluminum alloy resistance wire 24. The stainless steel thin plate structure 16 is fixed to the inner wall of the vacuum chamber body 23 by bolts.

[0034] A reserved vertical window 15 and a reserved transverse window 29 are processed along the radial direction on the above-mentioned vacuum chamber body 23. The opening of the reserved vertical window 15 is located at the upper part or the lower part of the vacuum chamber body 23, and the two openings of the reserved transverse window 29 are respectively located at the front part or the rear part of the vacuum chamber body 23.

[0035] An electrode 25 and a thermocouple 30 are installed on the rear end cover 2 of the vacuum chamber body 23 .

[0036] A Pirani vacuum gauge 10 and an ultra-high vacuum BA gauge 11 are also installed on the upper part of the vacuum chamber body 23 .

[0037] A stop valve 26 is also installed at the rear of the vacuum chamber body 23 .

[0038] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a vacuum chamber support 21 is fixedly mounted on the support frame 5 , a vacuum chamber body 23 is fixedly mounted on the vacuum chamber support 21 , and a support slide rail 9 is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the vacuum chamber body 23 , and its sliding direction is parallel to the working table surface of the support frame 5 .

[0039] like Figure 4 As shown, the support rail 9 includes a rail support 32, a rail clamp 33, a rail 34, a support beam 35 for supporting the flange 17, and a support roller 36 at the end of the rail 34. The rail support 32 is symmetrically fixed to the upper end of the vacuum chamber body 23 by welding, the rail 34 is fixed to the rail support 32 by a hexagon socket screw M10, one end of the support beam 35 is fixed to the rail clamp 33 by a hexagon socket screw M8, the rail 33 and the rail clamp 34 can slide relative to each other, the other end of the support beam 35 is connected to the flange 17 by welding, and a support roller 36 is provided below the end of the support beam 35 near one end of the flange 17, the main function of which is to reduce the instability of the support beam 35 during movement.

[0040] The vacuum chamber and the heating and measuring assembly 1 are connected to the molecular pump 3, the mechanical pump 6 and the leak detector 7, and are mainly used for high vacuum and helium leak detection. When the experiment is running, first turn on the mechanical pump 6 and wait until the vacuum reaches 10 -2When the temperature is below Pa, the molecular pump 3 is started, and finally, after the heating condition is met, the helium leak test is performed on the tested connection component 14 through the leak detector 7. The other unused vertical windows 15 and transverse windows 29 are mainly reserved for the modification of the device to other experimental platforms, and both adopt knife-edge metal sealing. These windows can improve the structural flexibility and utilization rate of the device.

[0041] The gas valve 19 in the vacuum chamber and the heating and measuring assembly 1 is connected to the gas tank 4 through a pipeline, and the gas tank 4 is connected to the helium gas cylinder 8. This design is mainly used to stabilize the pressure of the pipeline loop during the experimental operation. The gas tank 4 is fixed to the column of the support frame 5.

[0042] The pipeline loop in the vacuum chamber adopts a modular design, integrating the measured connection component 14, the stainless steel pipe 13, the pressure gauge 28 and the pressure relief valve 27 into a flange 20 with a penetrating water pipe, which is easy to install, maintain and disassemble.

[0043] There is a metal hose 12 in the pipeline loop, and its function is to absorb the reciprocating deformation of the tested connection component 14 during the installation and removal process.

[0044] The circular cross section of the vacuum chamber body 23 has a diameter of 400 mm and a length of 600 mm. The stainless steel sheet structure 16 has a thickness of 0.5 mm and a distance of 5 mm between adjacent sheets, and is used to shield the radiant heat generated by the resistance wire 24 .

[0045] The flange 17 at the end of the vacuum chamber body 23 adopts a double sealing structure, namely a rubber sealing structure and a step metal sealing structure (i.e., the corresponding connection parts of the vacuum chamber body 1 and the flange 17 are processed into a matching step structure, and the sealing is performed through the contact surface of the step structure). The former can be used in relatively low temperature working conditions, and its advantage is that it is easy to install and disassemble, while the latter is mainly used in high temperature working conditions, and its main advantage is high temperature resistance.

[0046] The flange 17 weighs 40 kg, which makes it difficult for the experimenter to install and remove it by hand. A symmetrical support rail 9 is designed along the length of the upper end of the vacuum chamber body 23, and the maximum sliding distance of the support can reach 0.5 m.

[0047] The thermocouple 30 is used to measure parameters including the temperature of the measured connection part 14, the temperature of the iron-zirconium-aluminum alloy resistance wire 24, and the temperature of the vacuum body 23. The temperature of the measured connection part 14 is used for feedback control of its temperature rise rate, and the temperature of the vacuum chamber body 23 is mainly used to prevent the temperature of the vacuum chamber body 23 from being too high during the experiment and affecting the operation safety.

[0048] The pressure gauge 28 is used to measure the internal pressure of the connection component 14 under test.

[0049] The electrodes 25 are used to deliver power to the heating system.

[0050] The stop valve 26 is used to supply air into the vacuum chamber body 23 . For example, when the tested connection component 14 is replaced and the flange 17 is opened, the stop valve 26 needs to be opened to maintain the pressure balance inside and outside the vacuum chamber body 23 .

[0051] The pressure relief valve 27 prevents the metal hose 12 from being damaged due to excessive internal pressure by setting a loop pressure threshold, thereby improving the operating safety of the airtightness experimental device.

Claims

1. A thermal shock test device for testing the air tightness of the connection parts of a fusion device, characterized in that: It comprises a vacuum chamber and a heating and measuring component (1), a turbomolecular pump (3) and a gas storage tank (4) connected to the vacuum chamber and the heating and measuring component (1), a leak detector (7) and a mechanical pump (6) connected to the turbomolecular pump (3), and a helium gas cylinder (8) connected to the gas storage tank (4); The vacuum chamber and heating measurement assembly (1) comprises a vacuum chamber body (23), a flange (17) located at one side of the vacuum chamber body (23), a flange (20) with a penetrating water pipe located at the center of the outer side of the flange (17), and two sections of stainless steel pipes (13) installed through the flange (20) with a penetrating water pipe and the main body of which is located inside the vacuum chamber body (23); the two sections of stainless steel pipes (13) are connected by a metal hose (12), and a connection component (14) to be measured is installed on one of the stainless steel pipes (13); The vacuum chamber body (23) is provided with an iron-zirconium-aluminum alloy resistance wire (24), which is fixed to the multi-layer stainless steel thin plate structure (16) through a resistance wire fixing fixture (31); a stainless steel thin plate structure (16) is provided between the vacuum chamber body (23) and the iron-zirconium-aluminum alloy resistance wire (24), and is fixed to the inner wall of the vacuum chamber body (23); The vacuum chamber body (23) is processed with a reserved vertical window (15) and a reserved transverse window (29) along the radial direction, the opening of the reserved vertical window (15) is located at the upper part or the lower part of the vacuum chamber body (23), and the two openings of the reserved transverse window (29) are respectively located at the front part or the rear part of the vacuum chamber body (23); The tail of the vacuum chamber body (23) is provided with a tail end cap (2), on which an electrode (25) and a thermocouple (30) are provided; A vacuum chamber connecting molecular pump window (22) is processed at the lower part of the vacuum chamber body (23), which is used to connect with the vacuum chamber and the turbomolecular pump (3) below the heating and measuring assembly (1); The flange (17) at the end of the vacuum chamber body (23) adopts a double sealing structure, namely a rubber sealing structure and a step metal sealing structure. The corresponding connecting parts of the vacuum chamber body (23) and the flange (17) are processed with a matching step structure, and the sealing is achieved through the contact surface of the step structure.

2. The thermal shock test device for detecting the air tightness of the connection parts of a fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ends of the two sections of stainless steel pipe (13) are respectively provided with an air valve (19) and a pressure relief valve (27).

3. The thermal shock test device for detecting the air tightness of the connection parts of a fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A Pirani vacuum gauge (10) and an ultra-high vacuum BA gauge (11) are arranged on the upper part of the vacuum chamber body (23).

4. The thermal shock test device for detecting the airtightness of the connection parts of a fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A stop valve (26) is also installed at the rear of the vacuum chamber body (23).

5. The thermal shock test device for detecting the air tightness of the connection parts of a fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It comprises a support frame (5), on which a vacuum chamber support (21) is fixedly arranged, and on which a vacuum chamber body (23) is arranged, and on which a support slide rail (9) is fixedly installed the upper end of the vacuum chamber body (23).

6. The thermal shock test device for detecting the airtightness of the connection parts of a fusion device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support slide rail (9) comprises a slide rail support (32), a slide rail clamp (33), a slide rail (34) and a support beam (35); the slide rail support (32) is symmetrically arranged on the vacuum chamber body (23), the slide rail (34) is fixedly arranged on the slide rail support (32), the slide rail clamp (33) is arranged on the slide rail (34), and one end of the support beam (35) is fixedly connected to the slide rail clamp (33), and the other end is fixedly connected to the flange (17).

7. The thermal shock test device for detecting the airtightness of the connection parts of a fusion device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support rail (9) comprises a support roller (36) located at the end of the rail (34), which is located below one end of the support beam (35) fixedly connected to the flange (17).

Images