Energy storage systems

Abstract

An energy storage system is provided, comprising at least: a battery device having an internal resistor; a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal and the second terminal being electrically connected to two electrodes of opposite polarities of the battery device respectively; a capacitor device being electrically connected in parallel with the first terminal and the second terminal, the capacitor device having an equivalent series resistor; and a DC / DC converter being electrically connected between the first terminal and the capacitor device. The present invention connects a battery device composed of a secondary rechargeable battery and a capacitor device composed of a capacitor in parallel, and combines a DC / DC converter, and sets a relationship between the equivalent series resistor and the internal resistor, or / and sets a relationship between the equivalent series resistor and the upper limit of the current in the rated current range of the DC / DC converter, so as to extend the battery cycle life of the secondary rechargeable battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an energy storage system, and more particularly to an energy storage system combining a battery device with a capacitor device. Background Art

[0002] Handheld devices (laptops, tablets, and cell phones), electric scooters, and electric cars are becoming more and more common, and all contain batteries. PCT patent publication WO01 / 89058A1 discloses placing a capacitor with a very low equivalent series resistance (ESR) between the battery and the load in the circuit, and the equivalent series resistance must be less than 0.5 times the internal resistance (also called internal resistance) of the battery, so as to reduce the instantaneous current consumption and reduce the voltage drop generated on the battery. By reducing these voltage drops, the battery's operating time (discharge-life time) can be extended before the minimum battery voltage is reached.

[0003] However, in actual use, the aforementioned handheld devices, electric motorcycles, electric cars, etc., use rechargeable secondary batteries (such as lithium batteries). In addition to the aforementioned extension of battery operation time, another very important factor is the battery cycle life. The circuit design of the aforementioned WO01 / 89058A1 only considers extending the battery operation time, but does not consider that when the secondary battery is actually used, the quality of the power will be affected by the dynamic response of the secondary battery itself. This results in the circuit design of WO01 / 89058A1 not considering the battery cycle life that needs to be paid attention to when using the secondary battery. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy storage system, which connects a battery device composed of a secondary rechargeable battery and a capacitor device composed of a capacitor in parallel, and combines a DC / DC converter (Direct Current to Direct Current converter, DC-to-DC converter), and sets the relationship between the equivalent series resistance and the internal resistance, or / and sets the relationship between the equivalent series resistance and the current upper limit value of the rated current range of the DC / DC converter, so as to extend the battery cycle life of the secondary rechargeable battery.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a capacitor device, comprising at least: an energy storage system, comprising at least: a battery device, having an internal resistor; a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal and the second terminal being electrically connected to two electrodes of opposite polarities of the battery device respectively; a capacitor device, electrically connected in parallel with the first terminal and the second terminal, the capacitor device having an equivalent series resistor; a DC / DC converter, electrically connected between the first terminal and the capacitor device; wherein the equivalent series resistor is greater than the internal resistor.

[0006] In one embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage system further comprises a third terminal electrically connected between the DC / DC converter and the capacitor device.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, the third terminal provides power from the capacitor device to a load.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the third terminal provides power from an external power source to the battery device.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery device is a secondary rechargeable battery, or is composed of a plurality of secondary rechargeable batteries connected in series or in parallel.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the capacitor device is a capacitor, or is composed of a plurality of capacitors connected in series or in parallel. The aforementioned capacitor is a supercapacitor, a multilayer ceramic capacitor, a tantalum capacitor or an electrolytic capacitor, but is not limited thereto.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the DC / DC converter has a rated current range, the rated current range has a current upper limit value and a current lower limit value, the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device has a resistance lower limit value, the resistance lower limit value is calculated based on the current upper limit value, and the equivalent series resistance is not less than the resistance lower limit value.

[0012] The present invention further provides another energy storage system, comprising: a battery device having an internal resistor; a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal and the second terminal being electrically connected to two electrodes of opposite polarities of the battery device respectively; a capacitor device being electrically connected in parallel with the first terminal and the second terminal, the capacitor device having an equivalent series resistance; a DC / DC converter being electrically connected between the first terminal and the capacitor device, the DC / DC converter having a rated current range, the rated current range having an upper current limit and a lower current limit; the equivalent series resistance is greater than or equal to a resistance lower limit, the resistance lower limit being calculated according to formula (1):

[0013]

[0014] Wherein, V is a rated voltage of the capacitor device, I is the current upper limit value of the aforementioned DC / DC converter, C is the capacitance of the capacitor device, Δt is the time required for charging and discharging the capacitor device, and R is the resistance lower limit value of the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device.

[0015] The present invention uses the capacitor device to directly decouple the transient voltage generated at the output end of the DC / DC converter, thereby stabilizing the ripple currents. This reduces the impact of the dynamic response of the battery device on the circuit operation quality and makes the output power more stable, thereby indirectly extending the cycle life of the battery device and suppressing the degradation of the battery device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of an energy storage system according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of an embodiment of the energy storage system of the present invention connected to an external power source.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of an implementation of the energy storage system of the present invention in which two switches are used to switch the connection with a load and an external power supply.

[0019] Figure 4 These are the charge and discharge cycle test results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the energy storage system of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 These are the charge and discharge cycle test results of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 of the energy storage system of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 These are the charge and discharge cycle test results of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 of the energy storage system of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 1 is a structural diagram of a first embodiment of a capacitor device of an energy storage system of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of an implementation scheme of connecting the energy storage system and the capacitor device of the present invention.

[0024] Fig. 9 1 is a structural diagram of a second embodiment of a capacitor device of an energy storage system of the present invention.

[0025] Fig. 10Ais a structural diagram of two capacitor devices connected in series in the energy storage system of the present invention.

[0026] Fig. 10B is a structural diagram of three capacitor devices connected in series in the energy storage system of the present invention.

[0027] Fig. 10C is a structural diagram of four capacitor devices connected in series in the energy storage system of the present invention.

[0028] Fig.11A 1 is another structural diagram of two capacitor devices connected in series in the energy storage system of the present invention.

[0029] Fig. 11B 1 is another structural diagram of three capacitor devices connected in series in the energy storage system of the present invention.

[0030] Fig. 11C 1 is another structural diagram of four capacitor devices connected in series in the energy storage system of the present invention.

[0031] Description of reference numerals:

[0032] 1 Capacitor device

[0033] 10. First capacitor

[0034] 11. First electrode

[0035] 12. Second electrode

[0036] 13. First electrolyte layer

[0037] 14. First package

[0038] 15. First isolation film

[0039] 20 Second capacitor

[0040] 21. Third electrode

[0041] 22 Fourth electrode

[0042] 23 Second electrolyte layer

[0043] 24 Second package

[0044] 25 Second isolation film

[0045] 30 The third capacitor

[0046] 31 Fifth electrode

[0047] 32 Sixth electrode

[0048] 33 Third electrolyte layer

[0049] 34 Third package

[0050] 35 Third isolation membrane

[0051] 40 Fourth capacitor

[0052] 41 Seventh Electrode

[0053] 42 Eighth Electrode

[0054] 43 Fourth electrolyte layer

[0055] 44 Fourth package

[0056] 45 Fourth isolation membrane

[0057] 100 Energy Storage Systems

[0058] 110 Battery Device

[0059] 120 First terminal

[0060] 130 Second terminal

[0061] 140 DC / DC Converter

[0062] 150 Third terminal

[0063] 160 Load

[0064] 170 External power supply

[0065] 180 Switch

[0066] A, A' Decline Rate

[0067] C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 common electrode

[0068] P1 First lead electrode

[0069] P2 Second extraction electrode DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] In order to facilitate understanding of the technical features, contents and advantages of the present invention and the technical effects that can be achieved, the present invention is hereby described in detail in the form of embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings used therein are only for illustration and auxiliary description purposes and may not be the actual proportions and precise configurations after the implementation of the present invention. Therefore, the proportions and configurations of the attached drawings should not be interpreted or limited to the claims of the present invention in actual implementation. It is particularly noted that the following series connection refers to electrical series connection, parallel connection refers to electrical parallel connection, and electrical connection is the same as electrical connection, both of which refer to electrical connection.

[0071] First, see Figure 1As shown, an energy storage system 100 of the present invention at least comprises: a battery device 110 , a first terminal 120 , a second terminal 130 , a capacitor device 1 and a DC / DC converter 140 .

[0072] The battery device 110 has an internal resistance; the battery device 110 is a secondary rechargeable battery, or is composed of a plurality of secondary rechargeable batteries connected in series or in parallel. The battery device 110 is an example of a secondary rechargeable battery, and the battery device 110 has two electrodes of opposite polarities, such as a positive electrode and a negative electrode. In the example where the battery device 110 is composed of a plurality of secondary rechargeable batteries connected in series or in parallel, the internal resistance of the battery device 110 is the total internal resistance calculated according to the series or parallel connection of the resistances of the plurality of secondary rechargeable batteries.

[0073] The first terminal 120 and the second terminal 130 are respectively electrically connected to two electrodes of opposite polarities of the battery device 110 . For example, the first terminal 120 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the battery device 110 , and the second terminal 130 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery device 110 .

[0074] The capacitor device 1 is electrically connected in parallel with the first terminal 110 and the second terminal 120, and the capacitor device 1 has an equivalent series resistance; that is, the capacitor device 1 is connected in parallel with the battery device 110, and the capacitor device 1 is connected in parallel with the battery device 110 between the first terminal 110 and the second terminal 120. The capacitor device 1 is a capacitor, or is composed of a plurality of capacitors connected in series or in parallel, and the aforementioned capacitor is a supercapacitor, a multilayer ceramic capacitor, a tantalum capacitor or an electrolytic capacitor, but is not limited thereto. In the example where the capacitor device 1 is composed of a plurality of capacitors connected in series or in parallel, the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device 1 is the total equivalent series resistance calculated according to the series or parallel connection of the plurality of capacitors.

[0075] The DC / DC converter 140 is electrically connected between the first terminal 110 and the capacitor device 1. The DC / DC converter 140 has a rated current range (current rating) (or called an operating current range), and the rated current range has a current upper limit value and a current lower limit value. For example, when the rated current range is 2A (ampere) to 0.2A (ampere), the current upper limit value is 2A, and the current lower limit value is 0.2A. The DC / DC converter 140 can be a structure including a boost converter (Boost converter) or a buck converter (Buck converter).

[0076] The energy storage system 100 further includes a third terminal 150, which is electrically connected between the DC / DC converter 140 and the capacitor device 1. The third terminal 150 provides power from the capacitor device 1 to a load 160. Figure 2 as shown; or Figure 2 The third terminal 150 provides power from an external power source 170 to the battery device 110 via the third terminal 150 and the first terminal 110. Of course, multiple devices can also be connected in parallel between the first terminal 120 and the second terminal 130, such as Figure 3 As shown, the energy storage system 100 uses two switches 180 to respectively control the third terminal 150 to provide power from the capacitor device 1 to the load 160, and the third terminal 150 to provide power from the external power source 170 to the battery device 110 via the third terminal 150 and the first terminal 110. It is particularly noted that the load 160 can be a load set on a smart watch, a load of smart glasses, a load of a mobile phone, a load of an electronic lock, a load of an electric toothbrush, a load of a hand tool machine, or a load of an electric vehicle, but is not limited thereto.

[0077] In actual operation, the energy storage system 100 allows current to flow bidirectionally between the battery device 110 and the capacitor device 1 to charge and discharge the battery device 110, for example, by using a bidirectional DC-DC converter. In addition, in the energy storage system 100, the capacitor device 1 can withstand more discharge / charge cycles than the battery device 110, so the capacitor device 1 and the battery device 110 used in the energy storage system 100 are connected in parallel to improve the cycle life of the battery device 110. In addition, when the third terminal 150 provides power from the capacitor device 1 to a load 160 (see Figure 2), the DC / DC converter 140 of the energy storage system 100 is connected between the first terminal 110 and the capacitor device 1, so the capacitor device 1 can directly decouple the transient voltage generated at the output end of the DC / DC converter 140, so that the ripple current is stable, which reduces the impact of the circuit operation quality on the dynamic response of the battery device 110 and makes the output power more stable, so the cycle life of the battery device 110 can be indirectly extended, and the degradation of the battery device 110 will be suppressed. And preferably, the equivalent series resistance is greater than the internal resistance. In more detail, the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device 1 has a lower resistance limit, which is calculated based on the aforementioned upper current limit, and the equivalent series resistance is not less than the lower resistance limit. The lower resistance limit is calculated according to formula (1):

[0078]

[0079] Wherein, V is a rated voltage of the capacitor device 1, I is the current upper limit value of the aforementioned DC / DC converter 140, C is the capacitance of the capacitor device 1, Δt is the time required for charging and discharging the capacitor device 1, and R is the resistance lower limit value of the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device 1.

[0080] Cycle life analysis method:

[0081] A charge-discharge cycle test was performed using a secondary rechargeable lithium-ion battery including Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 described later: the test was performed in a constant current-constant voltage (CCCV) charging mode and a constant power (CP) discharging mode, wherein the charge cut-off voltage was 5 volts (V) and the charge current was 2A; the discharge cut-off voltage was 2.8V and the discharge current was 2A. The cycle life is defined as the number of charge and discharge cycles performed when the capacity of the tested lithium-ion battery drops to 80% of the initial capacity. It is particularly noted that Examples 1 to 3 use the structure of the energy storage system 100 described above, while Comparative Examples 1 to 3 use a structure in which the capacitor device 1 of the energy storage system 100 is removed. In other words, the difference between the embodiments and the comparative examples is that the comparative examples do not use the capacitor device of the embodiments.

[0082] Cycle life analysis results:

[0083] Cycle life test results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1: The capacitor device 1 of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is made of Sanyo UF515761ST lithium polymer battery, with a rated voltage of 3.7 volts, a rated capacity of 2600 mAh, and an internal resistance of less than 38 mΩ (milliohms); the upper current limit of the DC / DC converter 140 is 2A (ampere); the selection of the capacitor device 1: the lower resistance limit of the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device 1 is calculated by the aforementioned formula (1), wherein the rated voltage V of the capacitor device 1 is 5.0 volts, the upper current limit I of the DC / DC converter 140 is 2 amperes, the capacitance C of the capacitor device 1 is 80 mF (millifarads), and the time Δt required for charging and discharging the capacitor device 1 is 10 ms (milliseconds). Therefore, after calculation by formula (1), the lower resistance limit R of the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device 1 is 2.375Ω, so the capacitor device 1 with an equivalent series resistance of 2.375Ω is selected. It is worth noting that the equivalent series resistance (which is 2.375Ω) is greater than the internal resistance (which is less than 38mΩ). The test results are: when the capacity of the Sanyo UF515761ST lithium polymer battery drops to 80% of the initial capacity (i.e. Figure 4 The vertical axis in the figure shows that the capacity loss rate is 20%, and the vertical axis scale is -20%). The number of charge and discharge cycles performed in Example 1 is 690 times, while that in Comparative Example 1 is only 240 times. Therefore, it is obvious that the structure of the energy storage system 100 adopted in Example 1 can increase the cycle life of the Sanyo UF515761ST lithium polymer battery by 2.875 times (690 times divided by 240 times). See Figure 4 In addition, in terms of the 240th cycle, the capacity loss rate of Example 1 is only 4.9%, while the capacity loss rate of Comparative Example 1 is as high as 19.5%. Therefore, it is obvious that the structure of the energy storage system 100 adopted in Example 1 can effectively extend the cycle life and operating time of the Sanyo UF515761ST lithium polymer battery.

[0084] Cycle life test results of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2: The capacitor device 1 of Comparative Example 2 and Example 2 uses LG ICP3339105L1 lithium polymer battery, with a rated voltage of 3.7 volts, a rated capacity of 2060 mAh, and an internal resistance of less than or equal to 30 mΩ (milliohms); the upper current limit of the DC / DC converter 140 is 2A (ampere); selection of the capacitor device 1: the lower resistance limit of the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device 1 is calculated by the aforementioned formula (1), wherein the rated voltage V of the capacitor device 1 is 5.0 volts, the upper current limit I of the DC / DC converter 140 is 2 amperes, the capacitance C of the capacitor device 1 is 80 mF (millifarads), and the required time Δt for charging and discharging of the capacitor device 1 is 10 ms (milliseconds). Therefore, after calculation by formula (1), the lower resistance limit R of the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device 1 is 2.375Ω, so the capacitor device 1 with an equivalent series resistance of 2.375Ω is selected. It is worth noting that the equivalent series resistance (which is 2.375Ω) is greater than the internal resistance (which is less than or equal to 30mΩ). The test results are: when the capacity of the LGICP3339105L1 lithium polymer battery drops to nearly 80% of the initial capacity (i.e. Figure 5 The vertical axis in the figure shows that the capacity loss rate is 20%, and the vertical axis scale is -20%). The number of charge and discharge cycles performed by Example 2 is more than 1000 times, while that of Comparative Example 1 is only about 500 times. Therefore, it is obvious that the structure of the energy storage system 100 adopted in Example 1 can increase the cycle life of the LG ICP3339105L1 lithium polymer battery by more than 2 times (1000 times divided by 500 times). See Figure 5 .

[0085] Cycle life test method and results of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3: The capacitor device 1 of Comparative Example 3 and Example 3 is a Maxell The ICP575673 lithium-ion battery has a rated voltage of 3.8 volts, a rated capacity of 3100 mAh, and an internal resistance of less than or equal to 70 mΩ (milliohms); the upper current limit of the DC / DC converter 140 is 2A (ampere); the selection of the capacitor device 1: the lower resistance limit of the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device 1 is calculated by the aforementioned formula (1), wherein the rated voltage V of the capacitor device 1 is 5.0 volts, the upper current limit I of the DC / DC converter 140 is 2 amperes, the capacitance C of the capacitor device 1 is 80 mF (millifarads), and the required time Δt for charging and discharging of the capacitor device 1 is 10 ms (milliseconds). Therefore, after calculation by formula (1), the lower resistance limit R of the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device 1 is 2.375Ω, so the capacitor device 1 with an equivalent series resistance of 2.375Ω is selected. It is worth noting that the equivalent series resistance (which is 2.375Ω) is greater than the internal resistance (which is less than or equal to 70mΩ). The test method is: after 200 charge and discharge cycles of Comparative Example 3, the structure of the energy storage system 100 described above is then used to perform Example 3 and then perform another 200 charge and discharge cycles. In other words, the Maxell ICP575673 lithium-ion battery that has been charged and discharged 200 times is used as the battery device 110 of Example 3, and then is charged and discharged again 200 times. The test results are: In the stage of Comparative Example 3, the decay rate A of the Maxell ICP575673 lithium-ion battery is 12.3%, see Figure 6 However, in the stage of Example 3, the decay rate A' is only 2.3%. Therefore, the structure of the energy storage system 100 adopted in Example 3 can significantly suppress the capacity decay of the Maxell ICP575673 lithium-ion battery (the battery device 110).

[0086] Therefore, by connecting the battery device 100 composed of a secondary rechargeable battery in parallel with the capacitor device 1 and combining it with the DC / DC converter 140, and setting the relationship between the equivalent series resistance and the internal resistance, or / and setting the relationship between the equivalent series resistance and the upper limit of the current, it is indeed possible to extend the battery cycle life of the secondary rechargeable battery.

[0087] The production of the capacitor device 1:

[0088] First, please also read Figure 7 In the first embodiment of the capacitor device 1 shown, the capacitor device 1 includes a first capacitor 10 , a second capacitor 20 , a third capacitor 30 and a fourth capacitor 40 .

[0089] The first capacitor 10 has a first electrode 11 , a second electrode 12 disposed opposite to the first electrode 11 , a first electrolyte layer 13 between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 , and a first package body 14 that packages the first electrode 11 , the second electrode 12 and the first electrolyte layer 13 .

[0090] The second capacitor 20 has a third electrode 21 , a fourth electrode 22 disposed opposite to the third electrode 21 , a second electrolyte layer 23 between the third electrode 21 and the fourth electrode 22 , and a second package body 24 that packages the third electrode 21 , the fourth electrode 22 and the second electrolyte layer 23 .

[0091] The third capacitor 30 has a fifth electrode 31 , a sixth electrode 32 disposed opposite to the fifth electrode 31 , a third electrolyte layer 33 between the fifth electrode 31 and the sixth electrode 32 , and a third packaging body 34 packaging the fifth electrode 31 , the sixth electrode 32 and the third electrolyte layer 33 .

[0092] The fourth capacitor 40 has a seventh electrode 41, an eighth electrode 42 disposed opposite to the seventh electrode 41, a fourth electrolyte layer 43 between the seventh electrode 41 and the eighth electrode 42, and a fourth package body 44 that packages the seventh electrode 41, the eighth electrode 42 and the fourth electrolyte layer 43.

[0093] The first electrode 11 and the third electrode 21 are integrally formed, the fifth electrode 31 and the seventh electrode 41 are integrally formed, the second electrode 12 and the sixth electrode 32 are integrally formed, and the fourth electrode 22 and the eighth electrode 42 are integrally formed; the second electrode 12 and the fourth electrode 22 are electrically insulated. The first electrolyte layer 13, the second electrolyte layer 23, the third electrolyte layer 33 and the fourth electrolyte layer 43 are independent of each other and do not contact each other. It should be understood that the integrated molding mentioned and described later means without assembly, but means formed by the same process. For example, the first electrode 11 and the third electrode 21 are integrally formed, which means that the first electrode 11 and the third electrode 21 are formed by cutting a piece of electrode plate into a predetermined shape (for example, a rectangular piece). Therefore, the first electrode 11 and the third electrode 21 are formed by cutting a piece of electrode plate through the same cutting process, so they have the integrity of integral molding. The term “not assembled” means that the two electrode plates are not assembled by welding, bonding or other methods. For example, the first electrode 11 and the third electrode 21 are not assembled by metal welding or conductive adhesive bonding.

[0094] The capacitor device 1 may further include a first extraction electrode P1 and a second extraction electrode P2, wherein the first extraction electrode P1 is electrically connected to the second electrode 12, and the second extraction electrode P2 is electrically connected to the fourth electrode 22. Preferably, the first extraction electrode P1 is integrally formed with the second electrode 12, and the second extraction electrode P2 is integrally formed with the fourth electrode 22.

[0095] The first electrode 11, the second electrode 12, the third electrode 21, the fourth electrode 22, the fifth electrode 31, the sixth electrode 32, the seventh electrode 41, the eighth electrode 42, the first extraction electrode P1 and the second extraction electrode P2 are conductors made of conductive materials with electronic conduction function, and are independently metal foil, metal plate, metal mesh, activated carbon coated metal mesh, activated carbon coated metal plate, activated carbon coated metal foil, activated carbon cloth, activated carbon fiber, metal composite mesh, metal composite plate, transition metal oxide layer or plate made of transition metal oxide, or conductive polymer layer made of conductive polymer. Preferably, the first electrode 11, the second electrode 12, the third electrode 21, the fourth electrode 22, the fifth electrode 31, the sixth electrode 32, the seventh electrode 41, the eighth electrode 42, the first extraction electrode P1 and the second electrode 12 can be nickel metal foil. Preferably, the first electrode 11, the second electrode 12, the third electrode 21, the fourth electrode 22, the fifth electrode 31, the sixth electrode 32, the seventh electrode 41, the eighth electrode 42, the first lead electrode P1 and the second electrode 12 may be nickel metal foil with an activated carbon coating on the surface.

[0096] The first electrolyte layer 13, the second electrolyte layer 23, the third electrolyte layer 33 and the fourth electrolyte layer 43 are electrolyte layers composed of electrolytes, preferably water electrolyte layers composed of water electrolyte, such as lithium, sodium, potassium salts or aqueous solutions of any combination of the above.

[0097] The first package 14, the second package 24, the third package 34 and the fourth package 44 are insulating layers respectively formed of insulating materials, preferably insulating materials with acid and alkali resistance, high waterproofness and air permeation resistance, such as glue or thermosetting epoxy molding compound (EMC).

[0098] A first separator 15 with ion conduction function can be arranged inside the first electrolyte layer 13, a second separator 25 with ion conduction function can be arranged inside the second electrolyte layer 23, a third separator 35 with ion conduction function can be arranged inside the third electrolyte layer 33, and a fourth separator 45 with ion conduction function can be arranged inside the fourth electrolyte layer 43. The first separator 15, the second separator 25, the third separator 35 and the fourth separator 45 can be cellulose film, single-layer or multi-layer polypropylene (PP) film, polyethylene (PE) film, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film or any combination of the above composite films. It is particularly noted that when the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte or a spacer is inserted, the corresponding first separator 15, the second separator 25, the third separator 35 and the fourth separator 45 can be omitted and not arranged. The spacer is, for example, a plurality of ribs, and is disposed at a distance from the electrodes.

[0099] When the capacitor device 1 is electrically connected in parallel with the battery device 110, the first lead electrode P1 is electrically connected to the second terminal 130, and the second lead electrode P2 is electrically connected to the third terminal 150 for charging. Figure 8 See also Figure 7 and Figure 8 In this charging condition, the first lead electrode P1, the second electrode 12, the sixth electrode 32, the third electrode 21 and the seventh electrode 41 have the same electrode polarity (for example, the negative electrode); the second lead electrode P2, the fourth electrode 22, the eighth electrode 42, the first electrode 11 and the fifth electrode 31 have the same other electrode polarity (for example, the positive electrode).

[0100] When the capacitor device 1 is connected to the load 160 for discharge, the first extraction electrode P1, the second electrode 12, the sixth electrode 32, the third electrode 21 and the seventh electrode 41 have the same electrode polarity (for example, a negative electrode); the second extraction electrode P2, the fourth electrode 22, the eighth electrode 42, the first electrode 11 and the fifth electrode 31 have the same other electrode polarity (for example, a positive electrode).

[0101] When the capacitor device 1 is charged or discharged, since the first electrode 11 of the first capacitor 10 and the third electrode 21 of the second capacitor 20 are integrally formed, the first capacitor 10 and the second capacitor 20 are connected in series; and, the fifth electrode 31 of the third capacitor 30 and the seventh electrode 41 of the fourth capacitor 40 are integrally formed, so the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40 are connected in series; therefore, the capacitor device 1 obtains a high potential through the aforementioned series connection.

[0102] When the capacitor device 1 is charged or discharged, since the second electrode 12 of the first capacitor 10 and the sixth electrode 32 of the third capacitor 30 are integrally formed, the first capacitor 10 and the third capacitor 30 are connected in parallel; and, the fourth electrode 22 of the second capacitor 20 and the eighth electrode 42 of the fourth capacitor 40 are integrally formed, so the second capacitor 20 and the fourth capacitor 40 are connected in parallel; therefore, the capacitor device 1 obtains a high capacitance through the aforementioned parallel connection.

[0103] It is particularly noted that the first capacitor 10, the second capacitor 20, the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40 can also be independently supercapacitors. The first package 14, the second package 24, the third package 34 and the fourth package 44 are independently electrically insulated from the first electrode 11, the second electrode 12, the third electrode 21, the fourth electrode 22, the fifth electrode 31, the sixth electrode 32, the seventh electrode 41, the eighth electrode 42, the first extraction electrode P1 and the second extraction electrode P2. For example, the first capacitor 10, the second capacitor 20, the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40 each have A volts and B farads. Since the first capacitor 10 and the second capacitor 20 are connected in series, and the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40 are connected in series, the capacitor device 1 has a high potential of 2 times A volts. Since the first capacitor 10 is connected in parallel with the third capacitor 30, and the second capacitor 20 is connected in parallel with the fourth capacitor 40, the capacitor device 1 has a high capacitance of 2 times B farad. In addition, preferably, since the first package 14, the second package 24, the third package 34 and the fourth package 44 are integrally formed, the capacitor device 1 can complete the series connection and parallel connection between the first capacitor 10, the second capacitor 20, the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40 inside the capacitor device 1.

[0104] It is particularly noted that the capacitor device 1 has at least one common electrode. The common electrode described later means that the same electrode plate is used in at least two capacitors to form a common electrode, and the upper surface and lower surface of the common electrode respectively form at least one capacitor; in other words, the upper surface and lower surface of the common electrode can be used at the same time, and unlike the traditional electrode, only the upper surface of the electrode or only the lower surface of the electrode is used. Therefore, the capacitor device using the common electrode of the present invention can save electrode materials and make the overall thickness thinner, and conform to the miniaturization of the capacitor device. For example, the capacitor device 1 has two common electrodes C1 and C2. Since the second electrode 12 of the first capacitor 10 and the sixth electrode 32 of the third capacitor 30 are integrally formed, in other words, the second electrode 12 and the sixth electrode 32 are the same electrode plate and become the common electrode C1 of the first capacitor 10 and the third capacitor 30, and the first capacitor 10 and the third capacitor 30 are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the common electrode C1 of the first capacitor 10 and the third capacitor 30, respectively. Moreover, the fourth electrode 22 of the second capacitor 20 and the eighth electrode 42 of the fourth capacitor 40 are integrally formed. In other words, the fourth electrode 22 and the eighth electrode 42 are the same electrode plate and become the common electrode C2 of the second capacitor 20 and the fourth capacitor 40, and the second capacitor 20 and the fourth capacitor 40 are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the common electrode C2 of the second capacitor 20 and the fourth capacitor 40, respectively. To be described in detail as follows, the four capacitors are divided into two groups, and the two capacitors in each group are connected in parallel. In the traditional method, a total of four electrode surfaces cannot be used to make capacitors and are wasted, and the thickness of the capacitor device formed is more than twice the thickness of the capacitor (for example, the two capacitors in each group are stacked up and down in parallel); however, by adopting the common electrode method of the present invention, capacitors (the first capacitor 10 and the third capacitor 30) are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the common electrode (for example, the common electrode C1) and are fully utilized without waste. An unexpected result is that since the thickness of the common electrode is the thickness of a single electrode ( Figure 2 The thickness of the common electrode C1 in the present invention is less than twice the thickness of the capacitor constituting the conventional capacitor device, so it can better meet the requirements of miniaturization.

[0105] Please also read Fig. 9The second embodiment of the capacitor device 1 shown is similar to the first embodiment of the capacitor device 1, so the similarities are not repeated. The second embodiment of the capacitor device 1 is different from the first embodiment of the capacitor device 1 in the following aspects: in the second embodiment of the capacitor device 1, the second electrode 12, the fourth electrode 22, the sixth electrode 32 and the eighth electrode 42 of the capacitor device 1 are integrally formed, the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 are electrically insulated, the fifth electrode 31 and the seventh electrode 41 are electrically insulated, the first extraction electrode P1, the first electrode 11 and the fifth electrode 31 are electrically connected, and the second extraction electrode P2, the third electrode 21 and the seventh electrode 41 are electrically connected. Preferably, the first extraction electrode P1, the first electrode 11 and the fifth electrode 31 are integrally formed, and the second extraction electrode P2, the third electrode 21 and the seventh electrode 41 are integrally formed.

[0106] It is particularly described in the second embodiment of the capacitor device 1 that the capacitor device 1 has a common electrode C3. Since the second electrode 12, the fourth electrode 22, the sixth electrode 32 and the eighth electrode 42 are integrally formed, in other words, the second electrode 12, the fourth electrode 22, the sixth electrode 32 and the eighth electrode 42 are the same electrode plate and become the common electrode C3 of the first capacitor 10, the second capacitor 20, the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40, and the first capacitor 10 and the second capacitor 20 are formed at the left and right ends of the upper surface of the common electrode C3 of the first capacitor 10, the second capacitor 20, the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40, respectively, and the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40 are formed at the left and right ends of the lower surface of the common electrode C3 of the first capacitor 10, the second capacitor 20, the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40, respectively. Therefore, the common electrode C3 is also the common electrode of the first capacitor 10, the second capacitor 20, the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40. An unexpected result is that compared with the traditional electrode that only uses the upper surface of the electrode or only uses the lower surface of the electrode, the capacitor device 1 can save more electrode materials and make the overall thickness thinner, and is more in line with the miniaturization of the capacitor device.

[0107] When the capacitor device 1 of the second embodiment of the capacitor device 1 is charged or discharged, the first extraction electrode P1, the first electrode 11, the fifth electrode 31, the fourth electrode 22 and the eighth electrode 42 have the same electrode polarity (for example, negative electrode); the second extraction electrode P2, the third electrode 21, the seventh electrode 41, the second electrode 12 and the sixth electrode 32 have the same other electrode polarity (for example, positive electrode). Since the second electrode 12 of the first capacitor 10 and the fourth electrode 22 of the second capacitor 20 are integrally formed, the first capacitor 10 and the second capacitor 20 are connected in series; and the sixth electrode 32 of the third capacitor 30 and the eighth electrode 42 of the fourth capacitor 40 are integrally formed, so the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40 are connected in series; therefore, the capacitor device 1 obtains a high potential through the aforementioned series connection. Since the second electrode 12 of the first capacitor 10 and the sixth electrode 32 of the third capacitor 30 are integrally formed, the first capacitor 10 and the third capacitor 30 are connected in parallel; and since the fourth electrode 22 of the second capacitor 20 and the eighth electrode 42 of the fourth capacitor 40 are integrally formed, the second capacitor 20 and the fourth capacitor 40 are connected in parallel; therefore, the capacitor device 1 obtains a high capacitance through the aforementioned parallel connection. It is particularly noted that since the second electrode 12, the sixth electrode 32, the fourth electrode 22 and the eighth electrode 42 are integrally formed, parallel and series connection can be achieved at the same time. Therefore, the capacitor device 1 can complete the series and parallel connection between the first capacitor 10, the second capacitor 20, the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40 inside the capacitor device 1.

[0108] In the first and second embodiments, the first capacitor 10, the second capacitor 20, the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40 of the capacitor device 1 have two series connections and two parallel connections. If the first capacitor 10, the second capacitor 20, the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40 have the same potential and capacitance, the capacitor device 1 has a potential of 2 times A volts and a capacitance of 2 times B farads.

[0109] Please also read FIG. 10A to FIG. 10C As shown, the present invention connects a plurality of the first embodiments of the aforementioned capacitor devices 1 in series, wherein the fourth electrode 22 and the eighth electrode 42 of one of the capacitor devices 1 and the second electrode 12 and the sixth electrode 32 of another adjacent capacitor device 1 are integrally formed; in other words, the fourth electrode 22 and the eighth electrode 42 of one of the capacitor devices 1 and the second electrode 12 and the sixth electrode 32 of another adjacent capacitor device 1 are the same electrode plate and become two adjacent capacitor devices 1 (refer to Fig. 10A ) in the common electrode C4. Therefore, by arranging a plurality of the capacitor devices 1 linearly and connecting adjacent capacitor devices 1 in series, the preset potential and capacitance can be achieved. Fig. 10A Two such capacitor devices 1 are shown connected in series, thus completing a potential of 4 times A volts and a capacitance of 2 times B farads. Fig. 10B Three such capacitor devices 1 are shown connected in series, thus completing a potential of 6 times A volts and a capacitance of 2 times B farads. Fig. 10C Four capacitor devices 1 are shown connected in series, thus achieving a potential of 8 times A volts and a capacitance of 2 times B farads. Obviously, when the number of capacitor devices 1 connected in series is greater, the saving effect achieved by using the upper and lower surfaces of the common electrode is more significant.

[0110] Please also read FIG. 11A to FIG. 11C As shown, the present invention connects a plurality of the second embodiments of the aforementioned capacitor devices 1 in series. In other words, a plurality of the capacitor devices (1) are arranged linearly and adjacent capacitor devices (1) are connected in series with each other; and the third electrode 21 and the seventh electrode 41 of one of the capacitor devices 1 are integrally formed with the first electrode 11 and the fifth electrode 31 of another adjacent capacitor device 1, respectively; in other words, the third electrode 21 of one of the capacitor devices 1 and the first electrode 11 of another adjacent capacitor device 1 are the same electrode plate and form two adjacent capacitor devices 1 (refer to Fig.11A ), the seventh electrode 41 of one of the capacitor devices 1 and the fifth electrode 31 of the other adjacent capacitor device 1 are the same electrode plate and form two adjacent capacitor devices 1 (reference Fig.11A ) in the common electrode C6. Therefore, by connecting a plurality of capacitor devices 1 in series, a preset potential and capacitance can be achieved. Fig.11A Two such capacitor devices 1 are shown connected in series, thus completing a potential of 4 times A volts and a capacitance of 2 times B farads. Fig. 11B Three such capacitor devices 1 are shown connected in series, thus completing a potential of 6 times A volts and a capacitance of 2 times B farads. Fig. 11C Four capacitor devices 1 are shown connected in series, thus achieving a potential of 8 times A volts and a capacitance of 2 times B farads. Similarly, when the number of capacitor devices 1 connected in series is greater, the saving effect achieved by using the upper and lower surfaces of the common electrode is more significant.

[0111] It can be seen from the above implementation description that compared with the existing technology and products, the energy storage system provided by the present invention is to connect the battery device composed of secondary rechargeable batteries and the capacitor device composed of capacitors in parallel, and combine with a DC / DC converter, and set the equivalent series resistance to be greater than the internal resistance, or / and set the equivalent series resistance to be not less than the resistance lower limit calculated based on the current upper limit value of the rated current range of the DC / DC converter, which can indeed extend the battery cycle life of the secondary rechargeable battery.

[0112] In summary, the energy storage system of the present invention can indeed achieve the expected technical effect through the above disclosed embodiments, and the present invention has not been disclosed before the application, which fully complies with the provisions and requirements of the Patent Law. The application for invention patent is filed in accordance with the law.

[0113] The above-mentioned illustrations and descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Other equivalent changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the feature scope of the present invention should be deemed as not departing from the design scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy storage system, comprising at least: A battery device (110) having an internal resistor; a first terminal (120) and a second terminal (130), wherein the first terminal (120) and the second terminal (130) are respectively electrically connected to two electrodes of opposite polarities of the battery device (110); A capacitor device (1) electrically connected in parallel with the first terminal (120) and the second terminal (130), the capacitor device (1) having an equivalent series resistance; a DC / DC converter (140) electrically connected between the first terminal (120) and the capacitor device (1); in, The equivalent series resistance is greater than the internal resistance; the energy storage system (100) further comprises a third terminal (150), the third terminal (150) being electrically connected between the DC / DC converter (140) and the capacitor device (1); and the capacitor device at least comprises: a first capacitor (10), having a first electrode (11), a second electrode (12) arranged relative to the first electrode (11), a first electrolyte layer (13) between the first electrode (11) and the second electrode (12), and a first package encapsulating the first electrode (11), the second electrode (12) and the first electrolyte layer (13); a second capacitor (20) comprising a third electrode (21), a fourth electrode (22) arranged opposite to the third electrode (21), a second electrolyte layer (23) between the third electrode (21) and the fourth electrode (22), and a second packaging body (24) packaging the third electrode (21), the fourth electrode (22) and the second electrolyte layer (23); a third capacitor (30) comprising a fifth electrode (31), a sixth electrode (32) arranged opposite to the fifth electrode (31), a third electrolyte layer (33) between the fifth electrode (31) and the sixth electrode (32), and a packaging body (24) packaging the third electrode (21), the fourth electrode (22) and the second electrolyte layer (23); a third package (34) comprising the fifth electrode (31), the sixth electrode (32) and the third electrolyte layer (33); a fourth capacitor (40) comprising a seventh electrode (41), an eighth electrode (42) arranged relative to the seventh electrode (41), a fourth electrolyte layer (43) between the seventh electrode (41) and the eighth electrode (42), and a fourth package (44) packaging the seventh electrode (41), the eighth electrode (42) and the fourth electrolyte layer (43); wherein the first electrode (11) and the third electrode (21) are integrally formed, and the fifth electrode (31) and the seventh electrode (41) are integrally formed. The second electrode (12) and the sixth electrode (32) are integrally formed, and the fourth electrode (22) and the eighth electrode (42) are integrally formed; the second electrode (12) and the fourth electrode (22) are electrically insulated; the capacitor device (1) further comprises a first lead-out electrode (P1) and a second lead-out electrode (P2), the first lead-out electrode (P1) being electrically connected to the second electrode (12), and the second lead-out electrode (P2) being electrically connected to the fourth electrode (22); the first lead-out electrode (P1) being electrically connected to the second terminal (130), and the second lead-out electrode (P2) being electrically connected to the third terminal (150).

2. The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein: The third terminal (150) supplies power from the capacitor device (1) to a load (160).

3. The energy storage system according to claim 2, wherein: The load (160) is arranged on a load of a smart watch, a load of smart glasses, a load of a mobile phone, a load of an electronic lock, a load of an electric toothbrush, a load of a hand tool machine or a load of an electric vehicle.

4. The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein: The third terminal (150) supplies power from an external power source (170) to the battery device (110).

5. The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein: The second electrode (12) and the sixth electrode (32) are the same electrode plate and become the common electrode (C1) of the first capacitor (10) and the third capacitor (30), and the first capacitor (10) and the third capacitor (30) are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the common electrode (C1) of the first capacitor (10) and the third capacitor (30), respectively.

6. The energy storage system according to claim 5, wherein: The fourth electrode (22) and the eighth electrode (42) are the same electrode plate and become the common electrode (C2) of the second capacitor (20) and the fourth capacitor (40), and the second capacitor (20) and the fourth capacitor (40) are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the common electrode (C2) of the second capacitor (20) and the fourth capacitor (40), respectively.

7. An energy storage system, comprising at least: A battery device (110) having an internal resistor; a first terminal (120) and a second terminal (130), wherein the first terminal (120) and the second terminal (130) are respectively electrically connected to two electrodes of opposite polarities of the battery device (110); A capacitor device (1) electrically connected in parallel with the first terminal (120) and the second terminal (130), the capacitor device (1) having an equivalent series resistance; a DC / DC converter (140) electrically connected between the first terminal (120) and the capacitor device (1); in, The equivalent series resistance is greater than the internal resistance; the energy storage system (100) further comprises a third terminal (150), the third terminal (150) being electrically connected between the DC / DC converter (140) and the capacitor device (1); and the capacitor device (1) at least comprises: a first capacitor (10), having a first electrode (11), a second electrode (12) arranged relative to the first electrode (11), a first electrolyte layer (13) between the first electrode (11) and the second electrode (12), and a capacitor (13) encapsulating the first electrode (11), the second electrode (12) and the first electrolyte layer (13). a first package (14); a second capacitor (20) having a third electrode (21), a fourth electrode (22) arranged opposite to the third electrode (21), a second electrolyte layer (23) between the third electrode (21) and the fourth electrode (22), and a second package (24) encapsulating the third electrode (21), the fourth electrode (22) and the second electrolyte layer (23); a third capacitor (30) having a fifth electrode (31), a sixth electrode (32) arranged opposite to the fifth electrode (31), a third electrolyte layer (23) between the fifth electrode (31) and the sixth electrode (32); 33), and a third package (34) that packages the fifth electrode (31), the sixth electrode (32) and the third electrolyte layer (33); a fourth capacitor (40) having a seventh electrode (41), an eighth electrode (42) arranged relative to the seventh electrode (41), a fourth electrolyte layer (43) between the seventh electrode (41) and the eighth electrode (42), and a fourth package (44) that packages the seventh electrode (41), the eighth electrode (42) and the fourth electrolyte layer (43); wherein the second electrode (12), the fourth electrode (22), the sixth electrode (32) and the eighth electrode (43) are 2) is integrally formed, the first electrode (11) and the second electrode (12) are electrically insulated, and the fifth electrode (31) and the seventh electrode (41) are electrically insulated; the capacitor device (1) further comprises a first extraction electrode (P1) and a second extraction electrode (P2), the first extraction electrode (P1), the first electrode (11) and the fifth electrode (31) are electrically connected, and the second extraction electrode (P2), the third electrode (21) and the seventh electrode (41) are electrically connected; the first extraction electrode (P1) and the second terminal (130) are electrically connected, and the second extraction electrode (P2) and the third terminal (150) are electrically connected.

8. The energy storage system according to claim 7, wherein: The second electrode (12), the fourth electrode (22), the sixth electrode (32) and the eighth electrode (42) are the same electrode plate and become the common electrode (C3) of the first capacitor (10), the second capacitor (20), the third capacitor (30) and the fourth capacitor (40), and the first capacitor (10) and the second capacitor (20) are formed at the left and right ends of the upper surface of the common electrode (C3) of the first capacitor (10), the second capacitor (20), the third capacitor (30) and the fourth capacitor (40), respectively, and the third capacitor (30) and the fourth capacitor (40) are formed at the left and right ends of the lower surface of the common electrode (C3) of the first capacitor (10), the second capacitor (20), the third capacitor (30) and the fourth capacitor (40), respectively.

9. The energy storage system according to claim 7, wherein: The battery device (110) is a secondary rechargeable battery, or is composed of a plurality of secondary rechargeable batteries connected in series or in parallel.

10. The energy storage system according to claim 7, wherein: The capacitor device (1) is a capacitor, or is composed of a plurality of capacitors connected in series or in parallel.

11. An energy storage system, comprising at least: A battery device (110) having an internal resistor; a first terminal (120) and a second terminal (130), wherein the first terminal (120) and the second terminal (130) are respectively electrically connected to two electrodes of opposite polarities of the battery device (110); A capacitor device (1) electrically connected in parallel with the first terminal (120) and the second terminal (130), the capacitor device (1) having an equivalent series resistance; A DC / DC converter (140) electrically connected between the first terminal (120) and the capacitor device (1), the DC / DC converter (140) having a rated current range, the rated current range having a current upper limit value and a current lower limit value; The equivalent series resistance is greater than or equal to a resistance lower limit value, and the resistance lower limit value is calculated according to formula (1): in, V is a rated voltage of the capacitor device (1), I is the current upper limit of the DC / DC converter (140), C is the capacitance of the capacitor device (1), Δt is the time required for charging and discharging the capacitor device (1), and R is the resistance lower limit of the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device (1); the energy storage system further comprises a third terminal (150), the third terminal (150) is electrically connected between the DC / DC converter (140) and the capacitor device (1); and the capacitor device (1) at least comprises: a first capacitor (10), having a first electrode (11), a second electrode (12) arranged opposite to the first electrode (11), and a A first electrolyte layer (13) is provided between the first electrode (11) and the second electrode (12), and a first package (14) packaged with the first electrode (11), the second electrode (12) and the first electrolyte layer (13); a second capacitor (20) has a third electrode (21), a fourth electrode (22) arranged relative to the third electrode (21), a second electrolyte layer (23) between the third electrode (21) and the fourth electrode (22), and a second package (24) packaged with the third electrode (21), the fourth electrode (22) and the second electrolyte layer (23); a third capacitor (30) has a fifth electrode (31), a sixth electrode (32) arranged relative to the fifth electrode (31), and a sixth package (24) packaged with the third electrode (21), the fourth electrode (22) and the second electrolyte layer (23). The invention relates to a first capacitor (11) and a second capacitor (21) comprising a first electrode (11) and a second electrode (21) and a third electrode (32) comprising a first electrode (11) and a second electrode (32) and a third electrode (33) between the first electrode (11) and the second electrode (32) and a third electrode (33) encapsulating the first electrode (11), the second electrode (31) and the second electrode (32) and a third electrode (33) encapsulating the first electrode (11), the second electrode (31) and the second electrode (32) and a fourth electrode (34 ... The fifth electrode (31) and the seventh electrode (41) are integrally formed, the second electrode (12) and the sixth electrode (32) are integrally formed, and the fourth electrode (22) and the eighth electrode (42) are integrally formed; the second electrode (12) and the fourth electrode (22) are electrically insulated; the capacitor device (1) further comprises a first lead-out electrode (P1) and a second lead-out electrode (P2); the first lead-out electrode (P1) is electrically connected to the second electrode (12), and the second lead-out electrode (P2) is electrically connected to the fourth electrode (22); the first lead-out electrode (P1) is electrically connected to the second terminal (130), and the second lead-out electrode (P2) is electrically connected to the third terminal (150).

12. The energy storage system according to claim 11, wherein: The third terminal (150) supplies power from the capacitor device (1) to a load (160).

13. The energy storage system of claim 12, wherein: The load (160) may be a load arranged on a smart watch, a load of smart glasses, a load of a mobile phone, a load of an electronic lock, a load of an electric toothbrush, a load of a hand tool machine or a load of an electric vehicle.

14. The energy storage system according to claim 11, wherein: The third terminal (150) supplies power from an external power source (170) to the battery device (110).

15. The energy storage system of claim 11, wherein: The second electrode (12) and the sixth electrode (32) are the same electrode plate and become the common electrode (C1) of the first capacitor (10) and the third capacitor (30), and the first capacitor (10) and the third capacitor (30) are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the common electrode (C1) of the first capacitor (10) and the third capacitor (30), respectively.

16. The energy storage system of claim 15, wherein: The fourth electrode (22) and the eighth electrode (42) are the same electrode plate and become the common electrode (C2) of the second capacitor (20) and the fourth capacitor (40), and the second capacitor (20) and the fourth capacitor (40) are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the common electrode (C2) of the second capacitor (20) and the fourth capacitor (40), respectively.

17. The energy storage system of claim 11, wherein: The capacitor device comprises at least: a first capacitor (10) having a first electrode (11), a second electrode (12) arranged opposite to the first electrode (11), a first electrolyte layer (13) between the first electrode (11) and the second electrode (12), and a first packaging body (14) packaging the first electrode (11), the second electrode (12) and the first electrolyte layer (13); a second capacitor (20) having a third electrode (21), a fourth electrode (22) arranged opposite to the third electrode (21), a first electrolyte layer (13) between the first electrode (11) and the second electrode (12), and a first packaging body (14) packaging the first electrode (11), the second electrode (12) and the first electrolyte layer (13); The invention relates to a capacitor (30) having a fifth electrode (31), a sixth electrode (32) arranged relative to the fifth electrode (31), a third electrolyte layer (33) between the fifth electrode (31) and the sixth electrode (32), and a third sealing body (24) sealing the fifth electrode (31), the sixth electrode (32) and the third electrolyte layer (33). A fourth capacitor (40) comprises a seventh electrode (41), an eighth electrode (42) arranged opposite to the seventh electrode (41), a fourth electrolyte layer (43) between the seventh electrode (41) and the eighth electrode (42), and a fourth package (44) that packages the seventh electrode (41), the eighth electrode (42) and the fourth electrolyte layer (43); wherein the second electrode (12), the fourth electrode (22), the sixth electrode (32) and the eighth electrode (42) are integrally formed, and the first electrode (11) and the second electrode (41) are integrally formed. The first electrode (12) is electrically insulated, and the fifth electrode (31) is electrically insulated from the seventh electrode (41); the capacitor device (1) further comprises a first extraction electrode (P1) and a second extraction electrode (P2); the first extraction electrode (P1), the first electrode (11) and the fifth electrode (31) are electrically connected, and the second extraction electrode (P2), the third electrode (21) and the seventh electrode (41) are electrically connected; the first extraction electrode (P1) is electrically connected to the second terminal (130), and the second extraction electrode (P2) is electrically connected to the third terminal (150).

18. The capacitor device of claim 17, wherein: The second electrode (12), the fourth electrode (22), the sixth electrode (32) and the eighth electrode (42) are the same electrode plate and become the common electrode (C3) of the first capacitor (10), the second capacitor (20), the third capacitor (30) and the fourth capacitor (40), and the first capacitor (10) and the second capacitor (20) are formed at the left and right ends of the upper surface of the common electrode (C3) of the first capacitor (10), the second capacitor (20), the third capacitor (30) and the fourth capacitor (40), respectively, and the third capacitor (30) and the fourth capacitor (40) are formed at the left and right ends of the lower surface of the common electrode (C3) of the first capacitor (10), the second capacitor (20), the third capacitor (30) and the fourth capacitor (40), respectively.

19. The energy storage system of claim 11, wherein: The battery device (110) is a secondary rechargeable battery, or is composed of a plurality of secondary rechargeable batteries connected in series or in parallel.

20. The energy storage system of claim 11, wherein: The capacitor device (1) is a capacitor, or is composed of a plurality of capacitors connected in series or in parallel.

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