Electronic switches as damping elements

Abstract

The invention relates to an electronic switch (1), wherein the electronic switch (1) has a semiconductor switch (2) including a drive circuit (3). To improve the electronic switch (1), it is proposed that the electronic switch (1) also has a current sensor (4) and / or a voltage sensor for detecting a current flowing through the electronic switch (1), and the drive circuit (3) is configured to operate the semiconductor switch (2) in a switched-on state, in a switched-off state or in a linear operation according to vibrations measured by means of the current sensor (4) and / or the voltage sensor. The invention also relates to an energy supply system (10) having such an electronic switch (1) and two subsystems (16), wherein the two subsystems (16) can be connected to each other by means of the electronic switch (1). The invention also relates to a method for operating such an electronic switch (1) or such an energy supply system (10), wherein the semiconductor switch (2) of the electronic switch (1) is operated at least temporarily in a linear operation in order to damp vibrations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an electronic switch having a semiconductor switch, the semiconductor switch having a drive circuit, an energy supply system having such an electronic switch, and a method for operating such an electronic switch or such an energy supply system. Background Art

[0002] Nowadays, switches are also used to be able to disconnect electrical consumers from the network in energy supply systems. Likewise, components of the power supply network can be switched off by means of switches. In this case, the switch-off can be carried out for operational reasons or also to protect components of the power supply network in the event of a fault.

[0003] Nowadays, energy supply systems are mostly implemented as AC networks. Different voltage levels can be realized in a simple manner with the help of transformers. In this case, the protection of individual output circuits or individual voltage levels is realized via mechanical switches. In this case, a conductive connection is realized in the open state, while in the closed state the input and output connections of the switch are electrically isolated from each other. The changeover between the open and closed states is carried out in the mechanical switch by the movement of the conductive element.

[0004] In addition to mechanical switches, switches based on semiconductor switches are also known. These switches are also called electronic switches. Electronic switches are characterized by their ability to be switched on quickly. In addition, electronic switches do not require a current zero crossing for switching off, so that electronic switches are also particularly suitable for use in direct voltage networks. Since there is no transformer in a direct voltage network, a small inductance leads to a large current rise rate, which requires a rapid switch-off before an impermissibly high current intensity is reached. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention is based on the object of improving an electronic switch.

[0006] The object is achieved by an electronic switch, wherein the electronic switch has a semiconductor switch with a control circuit and a current sensor and / or a voltage sensor for detecting a current flowing through the electronic switch, wherein the control circuit is configured to operate the semiconductor switch in a switched-on state, in a switched-off state or in linear operation as a function of vibrations measured by means of the current sensor and / or the voltage sensor. The object is also achieved by an energy supply system having such an electronic switch and two subsystems, wherein the two subsystems are connected to one another by means of the electronic switch. The object is also achieved by a method for operating such an electronic switch or such an energy supply system, wherein, in order to damp vibrations, the semiconductor switch of the electronic switch is operated at least temporarily in linear operation.

[0007] Further advantageous embodiments of the present invention are given in the individual exemplary embodiments.

[0008] The present invention is based on the following recognition, that is, the electronic switch can be made to adopt a third state in addition to the known on and off states of the mechanical switch (also called the on state and the off state and the conducting state and the non-conducting state), in which the semiconductor switch of the electronic switch operates under linear operation. Here, the working point of the semiconductor switch is located in the linear region. The linear region is also called the reinforcement region. In linear operation, the current flows through the semiconductor and the voltage exists at the connection terminals, and the switching operation is realized between the connection terminals. In the third state, electronic losses equivalent to resistance are generated at the electronic switch. This is obtained from the product of the current through the electronic switch and the voltage applied to the electronic switch. The switch state of opening and closing leads to insignificant losses, because there is no current flow and no voltage is applied to the electronic switch, so that the product of current and voltage is zero. Therefore, for applications in power electronics (such as converters, DC regulators, etc.), only the two switch states of opening and closing are used to keep the losses low. However, by adjusting the control circuit, it is possible to put the electronic switch into a third state, ie, linear operation, in which the voltage across the switch drops and current flows through the switch. This state has not been used in power electronics to date because it produces relatively high losses.

[0009] Furthermore, linear operation can be used to introduce targeted losses into the energy supply system. This can be used, for example, to reduce undesirable currents. Undesirable currents are, for example, high currents that can damage or destroy components in the energy supply system, or currents that are disadvantageous for energy transmission due to the frequency of the current. These currents are also called reactive currents and are generated, for example, by vibrations, during which the energy storage devices of the energy supply system interact with each other and exchange energy that swings between the energy storage devices. This can load the energy supply system without contributing to the desired energy transmission between the power source and the electrical consumer.

[0010] For example, when a capacitive load (an electrical appliance with capacitive properties) is connected to the network, high currents then occur in the energy supply system. For this purpose, a current transformer or a DC regulator such as a DC / DC converter is mentioned as an example. The DC / DC converter has a capacitor that is charged when connected to the power supply. Here, a very high charging current is generated locally. The charging current is often limited by means of a preload resistor. When the electronic switch recognizes an excessively high current or when the electronic switch recognizes a potential excessively high current, for example, based on the current steepness, the preload resistor can be abandoned. In this case, the electronic switch operates in linear operation. Thus, the charging current obtained, for example, by charging the capacitor is limited. Then, a specific preload resistor can be abandoned. Here, the operating point of the semiconductor switch can be adjusted so that the charging is carried out with the maximum permissible current. Thus, rapid charging of the capacitor can be achieved.

[0011] It is also possible that for all switching operations in which high currents (especially charging currents) can be expected, the semiconductor switches of the electronic switch are operated in linear operation within a preset time period. Then, the identification of excessive or potential excessive currents can be omitted.

[0012] The electronic switch can also be used to limit the starting current, which is generated when starting a motor that is directly connected to the power supply (i.e. without a converter). In this case, the electronic switch is operated in a linear mode until a certain speed is reached in order to limit the starting current. In an advantageous embodiment, the operating point of the linear mode is adjusted as the speed of the motor increases so that the motor is fed with its maximum permissible current. This allows a rapid transition from the starting phase of the motor to the operating phase.

[0013] In addition, there is always the possibility that, for example, due to the switching process, existing resonances are excited in the energy supply system. These resonances can exist in the energy supply system due to the interaction of inductive components (busbars, transformers, electrical appliances, power supplies, network filters, etc.) and capacitive components (parallel buses, winding capacitance of transformers, electrical appliances, power supplies, network filters, supporting capacitors, etc.). For example, excitation can be caused by switching on an electronic switch, and vibrations are displayed in the current and / or voltage curves in the energy supply system. In addition, there are a variety of other possibilities for causing vibration phenomena in the energy supply system. Vibrations are attenuated by damping resistors in the energy supply system. This subsequently generates losses and reduces the economy of the energy supply system. Vibrations are limited and reduced in linear operation by means of electronic switches. In addition, the advantage is that linear operation is only implemented when vibrations exist, and losses are only generated at this time. When there is no vibration, the electronic switch is operated in the connected state or in the disconnected state and the electronic switch works at least almost without loss. It is possible to abandon the damping resistor that continuously generates losses in the energy supply system.

[0014] By using electronic switches that can be operated in linear mode, the energy supply system no longer requires resistors. Preload resistors, starting resistors and damping resistors can be replaced by the linear operation of the electronic switches. The characteristics of the resistors are only activated when required. This avoids permanent losses.

[0015] Therefore, at first glance, the semiconductor switch state that is very unfavorable in power electronics due to losses is used for operation. Therefore, the state of the semiconductor switch can achieve the following advantages. Resistors are no longer needed for current limiting, preloading, starting current limiting, vibration attenuation, and voltage elimination. As a result, lower costs, less floor space, higher reliability, and higher availability due to fewer components are obtained. Because the described state of activating the linear operation of the electronic switch only lasts for a short time, there is no or only a very small requirement for the cooling of the electronic switch. If cooling is provided for the electronic switch, it has been proven to be advantageous that the electronic switch proposed here is equipped with an air-cooled radiator. The radiator has a high thermal capacity and is therefore particularly suitable for absorbing and discharging short-term electronic losses.

[0016] In this case, the electronic switch has a current converter and / or a voltage converter. In this case, the voltage converter can measure the voltage applied to the electronic switch relative to a reference potential. Alternatively or additionally, the voltage converter can also measure the voltage in the energy supply system. In this case, for example, the voltage of the energy supply system, which is also referred to as the power supply network, can be measured. In particular, in a DC voltage network, the voltage of the DC voltage network is often supported by means of a capacitor. In this case, the voltage at the capacitor can be measured by a voltage sensor.

[0017] For this purpose, electronic switches can be used to connect two subsystems of an energy supply system to one another. In this case, these subsystems can each have a power source and / or an electrical load. By means of electronic switches, components can be connected to one another in order to increase the power supply safety. At the same time, in the event of a fault, the interference-free operation of the individual subsystems can be ensured by quickly disconnecting the subsystems.

[0018] Vibrations can also be detected by evaluating the measured values ​​by the sensor. For example, Fourier analysis can be used for this purpose. The evaluation can be carried out, for example, in the frequency domain or in the time domain. In this case, desired vibrations (for example, the network frequency) and undesired vibrations (for example, balancing vibrations) can be distinguished from each other in an advantageous manner by screening out the frequency components of the network voltage when determining the vibrations (for example, by means of analog and / or digital filters).

[0019] In an advantageous design of the present invention, the electronic switch can be operated as a preload resistor and / or a starting resistor and / or a damping resistor. In other words, in an advantageous design of the present invention, the drive circuit of the electronic switch is configured to damp vibrations by operating as a damping resistor in linear operation. The operating point in the linear operation of the semiconductor switch can be selected so that the operating point corresponds to the characteristics of the resistor. Therefore, the resistance value can be preset to convert the resistance value into the operating point of the semiconductor switch in the linear region by the drive circuit, wherein the voltage at the semiconductor switch and the current through the semiconductor switch are adjusted, and their quotient corresponds to the resistance value. By adjusting based on resistance, the resistance already present in the energy supply system can be replaced in a simple manner. The design of the damping based on resistance in the system can be realized in a simple manner by an electronic switch, for example, by means of a calculation tool for a power grid. It is also possible to determine the range of resistance values ​​by calculation, in which the energy supply system can operate stably. Therefore, it is ensured that the regulation / control also works reliably and stably based on the resistance value.

[0020] In other advantageous embodiments of the present invention, the electronic switch is provided for attenuating vibrations generated by transients based on the switching operation of the electronic switch. Vibrations can be excited in the energy supply system by the switching operation of the electronic switch. Vibrations can be eliminated in a simple manner by the electronic switch, and the vibrations are at least temporarily operated in linear operation until they subside. Here, the electronic switch can already operate a specific duration in linear operation as an intermediate step during the transition from the disconnected state to the connected state, so as to achieve gentle switching when the vibration is not excited and even not attenuated. Alternatively, it is feasible to check whether the measured values ​​of the current sensor and / or the voltage sensor have an unexpected vibration part. Here, the unexpected part is a transient state of oscillation between energy storage devices in the power supply network, such as the capacitance or inductance characteristics of the wire inductance, the supporting capacitor and / or the electrical appliance. An example of the inductive characteristics of the electrical appliance is the intermediate circuit capacitance of the converter. All energy storage devices can cause high currents in the DC voltage network in part when switching transients, and the high currents can be quickly eliminated using the proposed electronic switch. This can achieve interference-free and reliable operation of the energy supply system.

[0021] In other advantageous embodiments of the present invention, the electronic switch has a current sensor and / or a voltage sensor, wherein the semiconductor switch of the electronic switch can be operated in a linear operation according to the measured values ​​of the current sensor and / or the voltage sensor. Similarly, the energy supply system can have at least one current sensor and / or a voltage sensor, wherein the semiconductor switch of the electronic switch can be operated in a linear operation according to the measured values ​​of the current sensor and / or the voltage sensor. The current sensor and / or the voltage sensor of the energy supply system can be a sensor of the electronic switch. It is also feasible to arrange the corresponding sensors at other positions in the energy supply system instead. In addition, it is also feasible to arrange the corresponding sensors in the electronic switch and at other positions in the energy supply system, respectively.

[0022] For the operation of the electronic switch or the energy supply system, it has proven to be advantageous to operate the semiconductor switches of the electronic switch in linear operation when the measured values ​​of the current sensor and / or the voltage sensor exceed a predefined limit value.

[0023] In order to detect overcurrents (i.e. impermissibly high currents) and vibrations (in particular current or voltage vibrations with a specific frequency), it has been proven that corresponding sensors, in particular current sensors and / or voltage sensors, are arranged in the electronic switch and either additionally or alternatively in the energy supply system. They are arranged so that they detect the current that can be at least partially influenced by the electronic switch. It can thus be ensured that the linear operation of the semiconductor switch and the losses and the corresponding heat generated thereby are only activated when the linear operation is really required. Alternatively, when the switching operation of the electronic switch is realized without the use of a current or voltage sensor, the linear operation can always be set at this time. Here, the linear operation can be set for a pre-settable period between the switched-on state and the disconnected state. As a result, vibrations during the switching process and charging currents or starting currents can be reliably attenuated without having to detect them in advance.

[0024] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the energy supply system is designed as a DC voltage network. The use of the proposed electronic switch for a DC voltage network is particularly advantageous for various reasons. Due to the low inductance in the energy supply system due to the lack of a transformer, faster switching is advantageous due to the high current rise rate. Electronic switches can meet the requirements for fast switching.

[0025] In addition, converters and DC voltage regulators (DC / DC converters) are directly connected to the DC voltage network with their intermediate circuits and therefore with their intermediate circuit capacitors. In this case, high discharge currents are generated, which can be reliably controlled and reduced in linear operation with the proposed electronic switches. Likewise, DC voltage networks often have support capacitors, which are used to buffer the network voltage. The high charging currents that occur when switching on can also be safely controlled and reduced by the electronic switches. Support capacitors are capacitors that are distributed in the energy supply system and that support the voltage between the busbars, that is, they should be kept constant or at least reduce voltage fluctuations.

[0026] The supporting capacitor can form an oscillating system with the power inductor, in which oscillations of the current can occur. This can also be damped and eliminated in a simple manner by the electronic switch in linear operation. The losses generated by the damping characteristics here only occur when the damping, i.e. the linear operation, is active. If a resistor is used in the DC voltage network for damping, permanent electrical losses are generated, which reduce the efficiency of the energy supply system. In other words, the use of the electronic switch increases the efficiency of the energy supply system due to the time-limited losses of the electronic switch in linear operation.

[0027] In other advantageous embodiments of the present invention, the measured value of the current sensor and / or the voltage sensor is divided into a DC part and an AC part, wherein, when the DC part of the measured value of the current sensor and / or the voltage sensor exceeds a first preset boundary value, and / or when the AC part of the measured value of the current sensor and / or the voltage sensor exceeds a second preset boundary value, the semiconductor switch of the electronic switch operates in linear operation. The allocation of the DC part and the AC part provides the feasibility of accurately detecting undesirable states in the energy supply system and selectively reacting accordingly. During the period when the vibration characteristics become obvious in the AC part of the measurement signal, the charging process or the starting current can be identified at the DC part or the low-frequency part. In this way, it is possible to selectively react between various undesirable states in the network. It is also feasible to set different boundary values, such as a first boundary value for the charging process and the starting current and a second boundary value for the vibration. Therefore, the electronic switch can be flexibly adjusted and designed to meet the requirements of the power supply network.

[0028] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the value of the resistor is determined based on the measured values ​​of the current sensor and / or the voltage sensor. In particular, when the attenuation is determined based on the resistor, it has proven to be advantageous if the resistor value depends on the measured current. Thus, interferences can be adjusted quickly. At the same time, the resistor value can be adjusted quickly to match the state of the energy supply system, which can be detected based on the measured values.

[0029] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, when the electronic switch is switched on, the semiconductor switch of the electronic switch is switched from the disconnected state to the linear operation in a first step and from the linear operation to the connected state in a second step. If there is no sensor for determining the state of the energy supply system, most of the excessive currents and vibrations and other disturbances or undesirable effects in the energy supply system can be eliminated by means of an intermediate step during the switching from the disconnected state to the connected state, wherein the semiconductor switch is operated in the linear operation. The linear operation damps transients, which are usually generated by switching on electronic components such as electrical loads or power supplies. Transients are vibrations between energy storage devices such as capacitors, but also charging processes of capacitors or starting currents, which are present in the form of intermediate circuit capacitors in converters, for example, and starting currents, which are generated, for example, when connecting an uncontrolled motor to a power supply. The electronic switch can therefore also be integrated into an existing energy supply system in a simple manner without having to provide new measuring sensors for this purpose. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Below, the present invention is further described and explained based on the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings show:

[0031] Figure 1 An electronic switch is shown;

[0032] Figure 2 An energy supply system with an electronic switch is shown; and

[0033] Figures 3 to 6 The time curve is shown when the electronic switch is switched on. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Figure 1 An electronic switch 1 is shown. The electronic switch has a semiconductor switch 2, which can conduct and cut off current in two directions using its two semiconductors. The semiconductor switch 2 and its semiconductors are driven by a control circuit 3. The control circuit 3 can realize that the semiconductor switch 2 and the semiconductors arranged in the semiconductor switch are placed in a connected state, a disconnected state, and a linear operation. The connected state is also called a conducting state, a closed state, or an open state. The disconnected state is also called a non-conducting state, an open state, or a closed state. Linear operation is also called operation in a linear region or operation in a reinforced region. Here, however, it is not necessary that the semiconductor switch 2 can be placed in a linear operation by the control circuit 3 according to the measured value, for example, according to the measured value of the current converter, to prevent and reduce large currents or damp vibrations. Here, the evaluation of the measured value of the current converter is realized in the control circuit 3 or in a higher-level regulator and / or controller not shown here.

[0035] Figure 2An energy supply system 10 is shown, in which two subnetworks 16 are detachably connected to each other by means of an electronic switch 1. It is sufficient to arrange the electronic switch in only one or two conductors to interrupt the energy exchange between the two subnetworks 16. One of the subnetworks 16 has a power supply 11, and the second of the subnetworks 16 has an electrical consumer 12. Another electrical consumer 12 (for example a motor 15) is connected to the power supply 11 via two other electronic switches 1. The energy supply system 10 is constructed as a DC voltage network. A supporting capacitor 14 can be arranged between two conductors of the DC voltage network for supporting the voltage. Secondly, the other supporting capacitors 14 can be distributed in the energy supply system. In addition, in order to measure the current, in addition to or instead of the current sensor 4 in the electronic switch 1, another current sensor 41 can be arranged in the energy supply system 10 outside the electronic switch 1. The two electronic switches 1 can influence the current measured by the other current sensor 41, because the measured current flows partially or proportionally through the electronic switch 1.

[0036] The two current sensors 4, 41 can be used together or only one of the current sensors 4, 41 can be used for regulating or controlling the electronic switch 1. For this reason, no distinction is made between the current sensor 4 and the other current sensor 41, but the two current sensors are respectively referred to as current sensors 4, 41. In addition, it is also possible that the electronic switch 1 and / or the energy supply system 10 is operated without sensors.

[0037] In the first exemplary embodiment, the load 12 is a motor 15, and in the second exemplary embodiment, the load 12 is a converter 17. The motor 15 is connected to the DC voltage grid directly (i.e. without further regulators) via the electronic switch 1. Therefore, high starting currents are to be expected when the electronic switch 1 is switched on. The properties of the converter 17 are similar. Due to the intermediate circuit capacitor 13 at the input of the converter 17, high starting currents are also to be expected when the corresponding electronic switch 1 is switched on. By operating the semiconductor switch 2 of the corresponding electronic switch 1 at least temporarily in linear operation, the starting current and the charging current can be reduced.

[0038] exist Figure 2 The network voltage U Netz , voltage U 1 and current i 1 The size of should be further described below. Figure 3 The voltage U is given in 1 The time curve of Figure 4 The current i is given in 1The time curve of the electronic switch 1 can be obtained, for example, by control / regulation when the converter 17 is connected to the power supply 11. This shows the basic function of the electronic switch 1. In principle, these characteristics can also be transferred to other electrical consumers 12 (for example, the motor 15).

[0039] In this time curve, the electronic switch 1 is to be switched on so that the load 12 is connected to the power supply 11. Regardless of whether the load 12 is a converter 17 or a motor 15 connected directly to the DC voltage grid, high currents in the form of charging currents or starting currents can be expected for the switching-on moment. Therefore, the semiconductor switch 2 of the electronic switch 1 is switched on at the time t 1 The driven circuit 3 is converted into linear operation. This can be achieved by the voltage U 1 It will not suddenly become U Netz In this operation, the total network voltage U Netz It is not transmitted to the load 12, but partially drops through the electronic switch 1. Then, the low voltage U at the input of the load 12 1 The resulting reduced current i 1 ,like Figure 4 This linear operation makes it possible to limit the current to the permissible value i max Below or adjusted to value i max The charging current or starting current at time t 2 disappears because the intermediate circuit capacitor 13 is charged or the motor 15 is started. Therefore, the semiconductor switch 2 is at the time t 2 Or after that, it is switched to the on state, and no appreciable electronic losses occur in the electronic switch 1. From another time point t 3 Initially, the load starts operating and absorbs energy, which can be seen from the increase in current there.

[0040] In t 1 With t 2 The electrical losses generated in the time interval between the switching on and the switching off only last for a short time, so that the electronic losses only briefly heat the electronic switch 1. Therefore, cooling can mostly be omitted. If cooling is required, it can be implemented in a simple manner using an air radiator, mostly without a fan, due to the relatively low energy loss.

[0041] Figure 5 and Figure 6 1 shows an embodiment for damping vibrations which are generated due to the switching operation of the electronic switch 1. The electronic switch 1 is at a time t 3 Connected. Current i 1 The electronic switch 1 is rapidly formed. At the same time, a transient occurs between the subnetworks 16, which occurs in the oscillating part, i.e., in the current i 1This is detected by the current sensor 4 and / or the voltage sensor, and the semiconductor switch 2 of the electronic switch 1 is operated in linear operation, so that due to the voltage drop only a reduced voltage U is generated at the output via the electronic switch 1. 1 Therefore, the electronic switch 1 acts as a damping resistor in the energy supply system 10, thereby reducing the vibration. The vibration at time t 4 Since the attenuation disappears through the electronic switch 1, the semiconductor switch 2 can be operated again in the switched-on state with low losses. Due to the properties of semiconductors, it is possible to react quickly to vibrations that occur. This allows the vibrations to be eliminated before they reach high amplitudes. Therefore, the energy loss for attenuation is also relatively low. Here, these advantages can be used in a simple way by using linear operation of the semiconductor switch.

[0042] In summary, the present invention relates to an electronic switch having a semiconductor switch, the semiconductor switch having a drive circuit. To improve the electronic switch, it is proposed that the drive circuit is configured so that the semiconductor switch operates in a switched-on state, in a switched-off state or in linear operation. The present invention also relates to an energy supply system having such an electronic switch, at least one power source and at least one electrical consumer. The present invention also relates to a method for operating such an electronic switch or such an energy supply system, wherein the semiconductor switch of the electronic switch is operated at least temporarily in linear operation.

[0043] In other words, the present invention relates to an electronic switch, wherein the electronic switch has a semiconductor switch including a drive circuit. In order to improve the electronic switch, it is proposed that the electronic switch also has a current sensor for detecting the current flowing through the electronic switch and / or has a voltage sensor, and the drive circuit is configured to operate the semiconductor switch in a connected state, in a disconnected state or in a linear operation according to the vibration measured by the current sensor and / or the voltage sensor. The present invention also relates to an energy supply system having such an electronic switch and two sub-grids, wherein the two sub-grids can be connected to each other by means of the electronic switch. The present invention also relates to a method for operating such an electronic switch or such an energy supply system, wherein the semiconductor switch of the electronic switch is operated at least temporarily in linear operation for attenuating vibrations.

Claims

1. An electronic switch (1) for connecting two subsystems (16) of an energy supply system (10), wherein: The electronic switch (1) comprises a semiconductor switch (2) with a control circuit (3) and a current sensor (4) and / or a voltage sensor for detecting a current flowing through the electronic switch (1), wherein the semiconductor switch (2) is capable of conducting and switching off current in two directions, wherein the control circuit (3) is configured to operate the semiconductor switch (2) in an on state, in an off state or in linear operation according to vibrations measured by means of the current sensor (4) and / or the voltage sensor, wherein the semiconductor switch (2) of the electronic switch (1) is configured to damp vibrations by operating as a damping resistor in linear operation.

2. The electronic switch (1) according to claim 1, wherein: Reducing reactive current through linear operation.

3. The electronic switch (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The electronic switch (1) is configured to damp vibrations generated by transients due to a switching operation of the electronic switch (1).

4. The electronic switch (1) according to claim 3, wherein: The electronic switch (1) is configured to attenuate vibrations generated by transients between the subnetworks (16).

5. An energy supply system (10), comprising: - an electronic switch (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and - Two electrical subnets (16), in, The two electrical subsystems (16) are separably connected to one another by means of the electronic switch (1).

6. The energy supply system (10) according to claim 5, wherein: The energy supply system (10) is designed as a DC voltage network.

7. The energy supply system (10) according to claim 5 or 6, wherein: The control circuit (3) of the electronic switch (1) is provided for damping vibrations between the two electrical subsystems (16).

8. The energy supply system (10) according to claim 7, wherein: The control circuit (3) of the electronic switch (1) is configured to damp vibrations generated by a transient state when the electronic switch (1) is switched on through the two subnetworks (16).

9. A method for operating an electronic switch (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or an energy supply system (10) according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein: The semiconductor switch (2) of the electronic switch (1) is operated at least temporarily in linear operation for the purpose of damping vibrations, wherein the semiconductor switch (2) of the electronic switch (1) is operated in linear operation when vibrations are detected by means of a current sensor and / or a voltage sensor and the amplitude of the vibrations exceeds a predefined limit value.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein: By switching on the electronic switch (1), vibrations are exhibited due to excitation of resonances, wherein the resonances are due to inductive and capacitive components present in the energy supply system (10).

11. The method according to claim 9, wherein: In order to detect vibrations, a measured value of a current sensor (4) and / or a voltage sensor is divided into a DC part and an AC part, wherein the semiconductor switch (2) of the electronic switch (1) is operated in linear operation when the AC part of the measured value of the current sensor and / or the voltage sensor exceeds a second predetermined limit value.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein: As soon as the vibrations have been eliminated due to the damping performed by the electronic switch (1), the semiconductor switch (2) of the electronic switch (1) is operated in the switched-on state.

13. The method according to claim 9, which is used in the energy supply system according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein: The energy supply system (10) has an electrical consumer (12), wherein the electronic switch (1) is operated in a linear mode when a setpoint value of the electrical consumer (12) changes.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein: In the event of a sudden change in the setpoint value of the load (12), the electronic switch (1) is operated in linear operation.

15. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The decay resistor is simulated by a linear operation and the value of the resistor is determined based on the measured values ​​of the current sensor (4) and / or the voltage sensor.

16. The method according to claim 9, wherein: When the electronic switch (1) is turned on, the semiconductor switch (2) of the electronic switch (1) is changed from an off state to a linear operation in a first step, and is changed from the linear operation to an on state in a second step.

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