Voltage regulator circuit based on metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET)

Abstract

A voltage regulator circuit based on a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) includes a first resistor, a second resistor and a first MOSFET. A first gate terminal of the first MOSFET is connected to a second terminal of the first resistor and a first terminal of the second resistor. A first drain terminal of the first MOSFET is connected to a second terminal of the second resistor and a first output terminal of the voltage regulator circuit. The first MOSFET receives an input supply voltage at a first gate terminal of the first MOSFET via a first resistor. Based on a change in the input supply voltage, the first MOSFET provides a first constant output voltage at a first output terminal.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS / INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

[0002] none. Technical Field

[0003] Various embodiments of the present disclosure relate to voltage regulation. More specifically, various embodiments of the present disclosure relate to voltage regulator circuits based on metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs). Background Art

[0004] Advances in the fields of analog and digital circuits have increased the utilization of voltage regulator circuits in different applications. Typically, a voltage regulator circuit includes a bipolar transistor to provide a regulated output voltage. In some cases, a bipolar transistor-based voltage regulator circuit provides less accuracy in output regulation with respect to variations in input supply voltage or temperature.

[0005] Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditional approaches will become apparent to those skilled in the art by comparing the described system with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as set forth in the remainder of this application and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Summary of the invention

[0006] A MOSFET based voltage regulator circuit is provided substantially as shown in and / or described in connection with at least one of the figures.

[0007] These and other features and advantages of the present disclosure may be understood by reviewing the following detailed description of the disclosure and the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1A is a first schematic diagram of an exemplary MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0009] Figure 1B is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present disclosure based on Figure 1A A graph of the change of output voltage of a MOSFET based voltage regulator circuit as the input supply voltage changes.

[0010] Figure 2A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] Figure 2B is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present disclosure based on Figure 2A A graph of the change of output voltage of a MOSFET based voltage regulator circuit as the input supply voltage changes.

[0012] Figure 2C According to the embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 2A Schematic diagram of a MOSFET based voltage regulator circuit.

[0013] Figure 3 is connected to an operational amplifier according to an embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 2A Schematic diagram of an exemplary MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit.

[0014] Figure 4A is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present disclosure based on Figure 3 A graph of the change of output voltage of a MOSFET based voltage regulator circuit as the input supply voltage changes.

[0015] Figure 4B is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present disclosure based on Figure 3 A graph of the change of output voltage as the ambient temperature of a MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit changes.

[0016] Figure 5 A method for connecting an operational amplifier to provide a constant output current based on a change in input power supply voltage and a change in temperature according to an embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 2A Schematic diagram of an exemplary MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit.

[0017] Fig. 6A is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present disclosure based on Figure 5 A graph of the change of output current with the change of input supply voltage of a MOSFET based voltage regulator circuit.

[0018] Figure 6B According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 5 A graph of the change in output current as the temperature of a MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit changes.

[0019] Fig. 7A The embodiment of the present disclosure provides a constant output voltage based on the change of temperature. Figure 2A Schematic diagram of an exemplary MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit.

[0020] Figure 7B is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present disclosure based on Fig. 7A A graph of the change in output voltage as the temperature of a MOSFET based voltage regulator circuit changes.

[0021] Fig. 8Ais a schematic diagram of an exemplary MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit including multiple cascade stages according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 8B is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present disclosure based on Fig. 8A A graph of the change of output voltage of a MOSFET based voltage regulator circuit as the input supply voltage changes.

[0023] Fig.9A , Fig. 9B , Fig. 9C and Fig.9D is an exemplary schematic diagram of a P-type MOSFET based voltage regulator circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Fig.10 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary operation of a MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The embodiments described below can be found in the disclosed voltage regulator circuit based on metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). The exemplary aspects of the present disclosure provide a voltage regulator circuit based on a unipolar transistor (i.e., MOSFET), which can be used in various applications requiring low power consumption, less circuit complexity, and low silicon area compared to a typical voltage regulator circuit based on a bipolar transistor. The disclosed voltage regulator circuit based on MOSFET can be configured to improve the stability of the disclosed voltage regulator circuit using negative feedback of MOSFET. The disclosed voltage regulator circuit can implement voltage regulation on the change of the input power supply voltage of the voltage regulator circuit. In addition, the disclosed voltage regulator circuit can implement improved voltage regulation on the change of the input power supply voltage or temperature by utilizing multiple MOSFETs. In addition, the disclosed voltage regulator circuit based on MOSFET can further implement voltage regulation on the change of the temperature around the voltage regulator circuit by including an operational amplifier circuit.

[0026] Figure 1A is a first schematic diagram of an exemplary MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1A, a voltage regulator circuit 102 is shown. The voltage regulator circuit 102 may include an input terminal 104, a first resistor 106 (also indicated as "R1"), a second resistor 108 (also indicated as "R2"), a first MOSFET 110 (also indicated as "Q1"), and a first output terminal 112. The first MOSFET 110 may be an N-type MOSFET (or NMOS). The input terminal 104 of the voltage regulator circuit 102 may be connected to a first terminal 106A of the first resistor 106.

[0027] According to an embodiment, a first gate terminal 110A of the first MOSFET 110 may be connected to a second terminal 106B of the first resistor 106 and a first terminal 108A of the second resistor 108. A first drain terminal 110B of the first MOSFET 110 may be connected to a second terminal 108B of the second resistor 108 and a first output terminal 112 of the voltage regulator circuit 102. A first source terminal 110C of the first MOSFET 110 may be grounded. According to an embodiment, the first resistor 106 may be connected in series with the second resistor 108. According to an embodiment, a ratio of a resistance value of the first resistor 106 to a resistance value of the second resistor 108 may be a defined ratio. In an embodiment, a resistance value of the first resistor 106 and a resistance value of the second resistor 108 may be based on the number of MOSFETs used in the voltage regulator circuit 102 and a channel length and width of the MOSFET (e.g., the first MOSFET 110). For example, for a single MOSFET in the voltage regulator circuit 102, such as the first MOSFET 110, and the channel length (L) of the single MOSFET is 10 μm and the channel width (W) is 9 μm, the resistance value of the first resistor 106 may be 3.9K ohms and the resistance value of the second resistor 108 may be 7K ohms.

[0028] The voltage regulator circuit 102 may be configured to receive an input supply voltage (also indicated as “Vin”) at an input terminal 104. The first MOSFET 110 may be configured to receive the input supply voltage Vin at a first gate terminal 110A of the first MOSFET 110 via a first resistor 106 (also indicated as “R1”). The first MOSFET 110 may also be configured to receive the input supply voltage Vin at the first gate terminal 110A based on a defined ratio. The first MOSFET 110 may also be configured to provide negative feedback and function or operate as a negative feedback amplifier.

[0029] According to an embodiment, the first MOSFET 110 may also be configured to provide a first constant output voltage at the first output terminal 112 based on a change in the input supply voltage Vin. In some embodiments, the voltage regulator circuit 102 may be configured to output the first constant output voltage at the first output terminal 112 based on a defined ratio of resistance values ​​of the first resistor 106 and the second resistor 108.

[0030] For example, as the input supply voltage Vin at the input terminal 104 of the voltage regulator circuit 102 increases, the current flow between the input terminal 104 and the first gate terminal 110A through the first resistor 106 may also increase. This may further increase the input voltage received at the first gate terminal 110A of the first MOSFET 110, wherein the increase in the input supply voltage may be based on the increase in the input supply voltage Vin and a defined ratio of the first resistor 106 to the second resistor 108.

[0031] According to an embodiment, an increase in the input supply voltage at the first gate terminal 110A above a defined gate threshold voltage can turn on the first MOSFET 110 in a pull-down configuration, and a constant voltage can be output at the drain terminal 110B of the first MOSFET 110. Therefore, the voltage regulator circuit 102 can provide a first constant output voltage at the first output terminal 112. Even if the input supply voltage Vin at the input terminal 104 changes (increases or decreases within a specific voltage range once the first MOSFET 110 is turned on), the output voltage at the drain terminal 110B or the first output terminal 112 can also remain constant. In some embodiments, the first constant output voltage can be a desired voltage required by the voltage regulator circuit 102. Therefore, the first MOSFET 110 can be used to implement voltage regulation caused by the first constant output voltage provided by the voltage regulator circuit 102 on changes in the input supply voltage Vin.

[0032] In some embodiments, a second MOSFET circuit can be cascaded with the voltage regulator circuit 102 to provide a second constant output voltage. The second MOSFET circuit cascaded with the voltage regulator circuit 102 can be used to achieve additional voltage regulation. Figure 2A The second MOSFET circuit cascaded with the voltage regulator circuit 102 is described in further detail in . In some other embodiments, multiple MOSFET circuits may be cascaded with the voltage regulator circuit 102 to achieve additional voltage regulation.

[0033] According to an embodiment, the voltage regulator circuit 102 may be connected to an operational amplifier to achieve a constant output voltage in response to changes in the temperature around the voltage regulator circuit 102. For example, in Figure 3The voltage regulator circuit 102 connected to the operational amplifier is further described in detail in FIG. In some other embodiments, the voltage regulator circuit 102 may include a P-type MOSFET instead of an N-type MOSFET (such as the first MOSFET 110). Fig.9A , Fig. 9B , Fig. 9C and Fig.9D The voltage regulator circuit 102 including a P-type MOSFET is described in further detail in FIG.

[0034] Figure 1B is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present disclosure based on Figure 1A A graph showing the change in output voltage of a MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit as the input supply voltage changes. Figure 1A To explain the components Figure 1B . refer to Figure 1B , a first graph 100 is shown. The first graph 100 indicates an input supply voltage (also represented as Vin in Volts on the X-axis) and an output voltage (in mV on the Y-axis) of a voltage regulator circuit 102. Figure 1A The input supply voltage Vin and the output voltage values ​​depicted at may be exemplary experimental or simulation data determined from the voltage regulator circuit 102 and may not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

[0035] It can be observed from the first graph 100 that when the input supply voltage Vin (supplied at the input terminal 104) increases from 0.8V to 1.0V, the output voltage (output at the first output terminal 112) of the voltage regulator circuit 102 increases from 566mV to 582.5mV. In addition, it can be observed that as the input supply voltage Vin increases from 1.0V to 1.3V, the voltage regulator circuit 102 can provide an almost constant output voltage as the output voltage at the first output terminal 112 of the voltage regulator circuit 102. In other words, for a change of 300mV in the input supply voltage Vin, the change in the output voltage is approximately less than 1.0mV. Therefore, the voltage regulator circuit 102 can provide a constant output voltage (i.e., a first constant output voltage) at the first output terminal 112 based on the change in the input supply voltage Vin within a specific voltage range of 1.0V to 1.3V, as shown in the first graph 100.

[0036] Figure 2A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1A and Figure 1B To explain the components Figure 2A . refer to Figure 2A, shows a first voltage regulator circuit 202 that can be similar to the voltage regulator circuit 102 of FIG. 1 . The first voltage regulator circuit 202 can include an input terminal 204, a first resistor 206 (also indicated as “R1”), a second resistor 208 (also indicated as “R2”), a first MOSFET 210 (also indicated as “Q1”), and a first output terminal 212. The connections and functions of the first resistor 206, the second resistor 208, and the first MOSFET 210 can be similar to Figure 1A The first resistor 106, the second resistor 108 and the first MOSFET 110 are provided.

[0037] refer to Figure 2A , further showing a third resistor 214 (also indicated as "R3"), a second MOSFET 216 (also indicated as "Q2"), a second output terminal 218, and a second voltage regulator circuit 220. The second voltage regulator circuit 220 may include the first voltage regulator circuit 202, the third resistor 214, the second MOSFET 216, and the second output terminal 218. The second voltage regulator circuit 220 may be a MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit including two MOSFETs (such as Figure 1A According to an embodiment, the second MOSFET 216 may be an N-type MOSFET. The second MOSFET 216 may be cascaded with the first voltage regulator circuit 202.

[0038] The second gate terminal 216A of the second MOSFET 216 may be connected to the first output terminal 212 of the first MOSFET 210 and the first terminal 214A of the third resistor 214. The first output terminal 212 of the first MOSFET 210 may be an output terminal of the first voltage regulator circuit 202. The second drain terminal 216B of the second MOSFET 216 may be connected to the second terminal 214B of the third resistor 214 and the second output terminal 218 of the second voltage regulator circuit 220. The first source terminal 210C of the first MOSFET 210 and the second source terminal 216C of the second MOSFET 216 may be grounded, as shown in FIG. Figure 2A as shown in .

[0039] According to an embodiment, the first MOSFET 210 may be configured to receive an input power supply voltage Vin at a first gate terminal 210A of the first MOSFET 210 via a first resistor 206. The first MOSFET 210 may also be configured to provide a first constant output voltage at a first output terminal 212 based on a change in the input power supply voltage Vin, such as Figure 1A. The second MOSFET 216 may be configured to receive a first constant output voltage at a second gate terminal 216A of the second MOSFET 216. The second MOSFET 216 may also be configured to provide negative feedback and function or operate as a negative feedback amplifier. The negative feedback provided by the second MOSFET 216 may improve the stability of the output at the second output terminal 218 of the second voltage regulator circuit 220. The second MOSFET 216 may be further configured to provide a second constant output voltage at the second output terminal 218 based on a change in the input power supply voltage Vin. For example, based on an increase in the input power supply voltage Vin at the input terminal 204, the first voltage regulator circuit 202 may provide a first constant output voltage at the first output terminal 212 and the third resistor 214. The first constant output voltage may be received at the second gate terminal 216A of the second MOSFET 216. If the first constant output voltage received at the second gate terminal 216A increases beyond the threshold gate voltage of the second MOSFET 216, the second MOSFET 216 may be turned on and operated in a pull-down configuration. In the on state, the voltage drop at the second drain terminal 216B of the second MOSFET 216 and the second output terminal 218 may be substantially constant.

[0040] The second voltage regulator circuit 220 may be configured to provide a second constant output voltage at the second output terminal 218 even when there is a change (i.e., an increase or decrease) in the input supply voltage Vin at the input terminal 204 once the second MOSFET 216 may be turned on. The change in the output voltage at the second output terminal 218 may be minimal compared to the change in the input supply voltage Vin once the second MOSFET 216 may be in the on state. According to an embodiment, the resistance value of the third resistance of the third resistor 214 may be defined so that the second gate terminal 216A may receive an appropriate voltage from the first output terminal 212 to turn on the second MOSFET 216. The second MOSFET 216 cascaded with the first voltage regulator circuit 202 may be used to achieve additional voltage regulation on the first constant output voltage at the first output terminal 212 through the output of the second constant output voltage at the second output terminal 218.

[0041] Figure 2B is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present disclosure based on Figure 2A A graph showing the change in output voltage of a MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit as the input supply voltage changes. Figure 2A Component explanation Figure 2B . refer to Figure 2B, a second graph 200 is shown. The second graph 200 indicates an input supply voltage (also represented as Vin in volts on the X-axis) and an output voltage (in mV on the Y-axis) of a second voltage regulator circuit 220. The output voltage may be output at a second output terminal 218. Figure 2A The input power supply voltage Vin and the output voltage values ​​depicted at may be exemplary experimental or simulation data determined from the second voltage regulator circuit 220 and may not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

[0042] It can be observed from the second graph 200 that when the input supply voltage Vin (i.e., supplied at the input terminal 104) increases from 0.8V to 1.0V, the output voltage of the second voltage regulator circuit 220 (i.e., output at the second output terminal 218) increases from 387.25mV to 388.25mV (for example). In addition, it can be observed that as the input supply voltage Vin increases from 1.0V to 1.6V, the second voltage regulator circuit 220 can provide a nearly constant output voltage as the output voltage at the second output terminal 218. In other words, for a change of 600mV (i.e., 1.0V to 1.6V) in the input supply voltage Vin, the change in output voltage is between 388.25mV and 387.25mV. In other words, for a change of 600mV in the input supply voltage Vin, the change in output voltage can be 1.0mV. Thus, the second voltage regulator circuit 220 may provide double or dual voltage regulation (i.e., providing a 1.0 mV change in output within a 600 mV change in input) as compared to the first voltage regulator circuit 202 or the voltage regulator circuit 102 (i.e., providing a 1.0 mV change in output within a 300 mV change in input).

[0043] Figure 2C According to the embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 2A Schematic diagram of a MOSFET based voltage regulator circuit. Figure 2C , showing that Figure 2A 2. The second voltage regulator circuit 220 described in the embodiment of the present invention may further include a fourth resistor 222 (also indicated as "R4"). The fourth resistor 222 may be connected in series with the third resistor 214. The first output terminal 212 may be connected to a first terminal 222A of the fourth resistor 222. The second gate terminal 216A of the second MOSFET 216 may be connected to a second terminal 222B of the fourth resistor 222 and a first terminal 214A of the third resistor 214.

[0044] The second MOSFET 216 may be configured to receive a first constant output voltage at a second gate terminal 216A of the second MOSFET 216 via a fourth resistor 222. The resistance value of the fourth resistor 222 may be defined so that the second gate terminal 216A may receive an appropriate voltage from the first output terminal 212 to turn on the second MOSFET 216. Figure 2C The operation of the second voltage regulator circuit 220 with the fourth resistor 222 in the circuit can be similar to the following example. Figure 2A The first voltage regulator circuit 202 is the same as described above and may not affect the operating range of the second voltage regulator circuit 220.

[0045] Figure 3 is connected to an operational amplifier according to an embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 2A Schematic diagram of an exemplary MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit. Figure 1A and Figure 2A The elements are used to describe Figure 3 . refer to Figure 3 , a voltage regulator circuit 302 is shown. The voltage regulator circuit 302 may correspond to Figure 2A The voltage regulator circuit 302 may include an input terminal 304, a first resistor 306 (also indicated as “R1”), a second resistor 308 (also indicated as “R2”), a first MOSFET 310 (also indicated as “Q1”), a first output terminal 312, a third resistor 314 (also indicated as “R3”), a second MOSFET 316 (also indicated as “Q2”), and a second output terminal 318. The connections and functions of the first resistor 306, the second resistor 308, the first MOSFET 310, the third resistor 314, and the second MOSFET 316 may be similar to those of FIG. Figure 2A The first resistor 206, the second resistor 208 and the first MOSFET 210, the third resistor 214 and the second MOSFET 216 are connected.

[0046] refer to Figure 3, an operational amplifier 320, a positive input terminal 320A of the operational amplifier 320, a negative input terminal 320B of the operational amplifier 320, and an output terminal 320C of the operational amplifier 320 are also shown. A third MOSFET 322 (also indicated as "Q3"), a fourth MOSFET 324 (also indicated as "Q4"), a fifth resistor 326 (also indicated as "R5"), and a third output terminal 328 are also shown. The voltage regulator circuit 302 can be connected to the operational amplifier 320. The combination of the voltage regulator circuit 302 and the operational amplifier 320 is referred to as a voltage reference generation circuit or a third voltage regulator circuit 300. The third output terminal 328 can be an output terminal of the voltage reference generation circuit.

[0047] According to an embodiment, the voltage regulator circuit 302 may be configured to receive an input supply voltage Vin at an input terminal 304. A negative input terminal 320B of an operational amplifier 320 may be connected to a second output terminal 318 of the voltage regulator circuit 302. A positive input terminal 320A of the operational amplifier 320 may be connected to a third output terminal 328 of the voltage reference generation circuit, a fourth drain terminal 324B of a fourth MOSFET 324, and a first terminal 326A of a fifth resistor 326. An output terminal 320C of the operational amplifier 320 may be connected to a fourth gate terminal 324A of the fourth MOSFET 324.

[0048] According to an embodiment, the third MOSFET 322 may be an N-type MOSFET, and the fourth MOSFET 324 may be a P-type MOSFET. The fourth MOSFET 324 may be configured to receive an input power supply voltage Vin at a fourth source terminal 324C of the fourth MOSFET 324. According to an embodiment, the fourth MOSFET 324 may act as a current mirror circuit of a voltage reference generation circuit. According to an embodiment, a third gate terminal 322A of the third MOSFET 322 may be connected to a second terminal 326B of the fifth resistor 326 and a third drain terminal 322B of the third MOSFET 322. The third MOSFET 322 may be configured to provide negative feedback and function or operate as a negative feedback amplifier. As Figure 3 As shown in FIG. 3 , the third source terminal 322C of the third MOSFET 322 may be grounded.

[0049] The operational amplifier 320 may be configured to compare the second constant output voltage received at the second output terminal 318 with the voltage reference at the third output terminal 328 of the voltage reference generation circuit (or the third voltage regulator circuit 300). The operational amplifier 320 may also be configured to control the generation of the voltage reference at the third output terminal 328 based on the comparison. Based on the change of the input power supply voltage Vin, the generated voltage reference may be constant. For example, the operational amplifier 320 may be configured to control the generation of the voltage reference so that even when the input power supply voltage Vin changes within a specific range, the generated voltage reference number at the third output terminal 328 may be substantially constant. The voltage reference obtained at the third output terminal 328 may be a desired voltage that may be required by the voltage reference generation circuit as a combination of the voltage regulator circuit 302 and the operational amplifier 320.

[0050] According to an embodiment, the generated voltage reference may be further constant based on changes in temperature around the voltage reference generation circuit (or the third voltage regulator circuit 300). The voltage reference generation circuit may utilize an operational amplifier 320 and a fourth MOSFET 324 (i.e., a current mirror circuit) to generate a constant voltage reference at the third output terminal 328 over changes in temperature. For example, the operational amplifier 320 may control the generation of the constant voltage reference at the third output terminal 328 even if the temperature around the voltage reference generation circuit changes. In some embodiments, the operational amplifier 320 may be configured to provide negative feedback to generate a constant voltage reference at the third output terminal 328 with better regulation than the second constant output voltage at the second output terminal 318 and the first constant output voltage at the first output terminal 312.

[0051] In some embodiments, the third voltage regulator circuit 300 or the voltage reference generation circuit may include only one MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit (eg, Figure 1A ), an operational amplifier 320, a third MOSFET 322, a fourth MOSFET 324, and a fifth resistor 326, without utilizing the second MOSFET 316 and the third resistor 314. In this case, the first output terminal 312 of the voltage regulator circuit 302 may be directly connected to the negative input terminal 320B of the operational amplifier 320. In some other embodiments, a plurality of MOSFETs may be cascaded with the second output terminal 318 of the voltage regulator circuit 302.

[0052] Figure 4A is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present disclosure based on Figure 3 A graph showing the change in output voltage of a MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit as the input supply voltage changes. Figure 3 To explain the components Figure 4A . refer to Figure 4A , a third graph 400A is shown. The third graph 400A indicates the input supply voltage (also represented as Vin in volts on the X-axis) and the output voltage (also represented as Vout in volts on the Y-axis) of the third voltage regulator circuit 300. The output voltage can be output at the third output terminal 328. Figure 4A The input power supply voltage Vin and the output voltage values ​​depicted at may be exemplary experimental or simulation data determined from the third voltage regulator circuit 300 and may not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

[0053] It can be observed from the third graph 400A that when the input supply voltage Vin (i.e., supplied at the input terminal 304) increases from 0.06V to 0.90V, the output voltage of the third voltage regulator circuit 300 (i.e., output at the third output terminal 328) increases from 0V to 0.45V. In addition, it can be observed that as the input supply voltage Vin increases from 0.90V to 1.20V, the third voltage regulator circuit 300 can provide a nearly constant output voltage (e.g., 0.45V) as the output voltage at the third output terminal 328. Figure 4A As shown in , in response to a change in input supply voltage from 0.90V to 1.20V, the output voltage may vary by 0.5%. Figure 1A and Figure 2A The third voltage regulator circuit 300 may provide better voltage regulation compared to the voltage regulator circuit depicted in FIG.

[0054] Figure 4B According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 3 A graph showing the change in output voltage of a MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit as the ambient temperature changes. Figure 3 and Figure 4A To explain the components Figure 4B . refer to Figure 4B , a fourth graph 400B is shown. The fourth graph 400B indicates the temperature (in degrees Celsius on the X-axis) and the output voltage (also in volts on the Y-axis as Vout) of the third voltage regulator circuit 300. Figure 4B The temperature and output voltage values ​​depicted at may be exemplary experimental or simulation data determined from the third voltage regulator circuit 300 and may not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

[0055] It can be observed from the fourth graph 400B that when the temperature increases from -40 degrees Celsius to 120 degrees Celsius, the output voltage of the third voltage regulator circuit 300 (i.e., output at the third output terminal 328) decreases from 0.469V to 0.464V, and then increases from 0.464V to 0.467V. In other words, Figure 4A It can be observed that the output voltage may vary by 1.03% based on the change in temperature from -40 degrees Celsius to 120 degrees Celsius. Therefore, the third voltage regulator circuit 300 can be configured to output a nearly constant output voltage based on the change in the temperature around the third voltage regulator circuit 300, such as Figure 4B As shown in the fourth curve graph 400B.

[0056] Figure 5 A method for connecting an operational amplifier to provide a constant output current based on a change in input power supply voltage and a change in temperature according to an embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 2A Schematic diagram of an exemplary MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit. Figure 1A , Figure 2A and Figure 3 The elements are used to describe Figure 5 . refer to Figure 5 , shows a fourth voltage regulator circuit 500 including a second voltage regulator circuit 502, which may correspond to Figure 3 The voltage regulator circuit 302 or Figure 2A The second voltage regulator circuit 220. The second voltage regulator circuit 502 may include an input terminal 504, a first resistor 506 (also indicated as "R1"), a second resistor 508 (also indicated as "R2"), a first MOSFET 510 (also indicated as "Q1"), a first output terminal 512, a third resistor 514 (also indicated as "R3"), a second MOSFET 516 (also indicated as "Q2"), and a second output terminal 518. The connections and functions of the first resistor 506, the second resistor 508, the first MOSFET 510, the third resistor 514, and the second MOSFET 516 may be similar to those of FIG. Figure 2A The first resistor 206, the second resistor 208, the first MOSFET 210, the third resistor 214 and the second MOSFET 216 are connected.

[0057] refer to Figure 5, an operational amplifier 520, a third MOSFET 522 (also indicated as "Q3"), a fourth MOSFET 524 (also indicated as "Q4"), a fifth resistor 526 (also indicated as "R5"), a fifth MOSFET 528 (also indicated as "Q5"), and a fourth output terminal 530 are also shown. The connections and functions of the operational amplifier 520, the third MOSFET 522, and the fourth MOSFET 524 can be similar to Figure 3 The operational amplifier 320, the third MOSFET 322, and the fourth MOSFET 324 of the fourth voltage regulator circuit 500 may be connected to the operational amplifier 520. The fourth output terminal 530 may be an output terminal of the fourth voltage regulator circuit 500.

[0058] like Figure 5 As shown in , the negative input terminal 520B of the operational amplifier 520 can be connected to the second output terminal 518 of the second voltage regulator circuit 502. The positive input terminal 520A of the operational amplifier 520 can be connected to the fourth drain terminal 524B of the fourth MOSFET 524 and the third drain terminal 522B of the third MOSFET 522. The output terminal 520C of the operational amplifier 520 can be connected to the fourth gate terminal 524A of the fourth MOSFET 524 and the fifth gate terminal 528A of the fifth MOSFET 528. The fourth output terminal 530 of the fourth voltage regulator circuit 500 can be connected to the fifth drain terminal 528B of the fifth MOSFET 528, as shown in . Figure 5 as shown in .

[0059] According to an embodiment, the third MOSFET 522 may be an N-type MOSFET. The fourth MOSFET 524 and the fifth MOSFET 528 may be P-type MOSFETs. The fourth MOSFET 524 may be configured to receive an input power supply voltage Vin at a fourth source terminal 524C of the fourth MOSFET 524. Similarly, the fifth MOSFET 528 may be configured to receive an input power supply voltage Vin at a fifth source terminal 528C of the fifth MOSFET 528. The fourth MOSFET 524 may be used or function as a current mirror circuit of the fourth voltage regulator circuit 500, and the third MOSFET 522 may be connected in parallel with the fifth resistor 526. Figure 5 As shown in FIG. 5 , the third gate terminal 522A of the third MOSFET 522 may be connected to the first terminal 526A of the fifth resistor 526. The second terminal 526B of the fifth resistor 526 and the source terminal 522C of the third MOSFET 522 may be grounded.

[0060] According to an embodiment, the parallel connection of the third MOSFET 522 and the fifth resistor 526 can be configured to provide a constant output current based on a change in the input power supply voltage Vin. In some embodiments, the parallel connection of the third MOSFET 522 and the fifth resistor 526 can be further configured to provide a constant output current based on a change in the temperature around the fourth voltage regulator circuit 500. A constant output current can be provided at the fourth output terminal 530. Therefore, based on the parallel connection of the third MOSFET 522 and the fifth resistor 526; and the fourth MOSFET 524 (current mirror circuit), the fourth voltage regulator circuit 500 can provide a constant output current at the fourth output terminal 530 regardless of changes in the input power supply voltage Vin and temperature, as shown in FIG. Figure 6A-6B As depicted in .

[0061] Fig. 6A is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present disclosure based on Figure 5 A graph showing the change in output current of a MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit as the input supply voltage changes. Figure 5 To explain the components Fig. 6A . refer to Fig. 6A , a fifth graph 600A is shown. The fifth graph 600A indicates the input supply voltage (also represented on the X-axis as Vin in volts) and the output current (also represented on the Y-axis as Iout in uA) of the fourth voltage regulator circuit 500. Fig. 6A The input power supply voltage Vin and the output current values ​​depicted at may be exemplary experimental or simulation data determined from the fourth voltage regulator circuit 500 and may not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

[0062] It can be observed from the fifth graph 600A that when the input power supply voltage Vin increases from 0.06V to 0.90V, the output current of the fourth voltage regulator circuit (i.e., output at the fourth output terminal 530) increases from 0uA to 80uA. In addition, it can be observed that as the input power supply voltage Vin increases from 0.90V to 1.20V, the fourth voltage regulator circuit 500 can provide an almost constant output current, which is about 80uA as an example. Fig. 6A As shown in FIG. 600A , the output current may vary by 0.68% based on a change in the input power supply voltage Vin from 0.90 V to 1.20 V. Therefore, the fourth voltage regulator circuit 500 may be configured to output a substantially constant output current in response to a change in the input power supply voltage Vin, as shown in the fifth graph 600A.

[0063] Figure 6B According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 5A graph showing the change in output current as the temperature of a MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit changes. Figure 5 To explain the components Figure 6B . refer to Figure 6B , a sixth graph 600B is shown. The sixth graph 600B indicates the temperature (in degrees Celsius on the X-axis) and the output current (also represented as Iout in uA on the Y-axis) of the fourth voltage regulator circuit 500. Figure 6B The temperature and output current values ​​depicted at may be exemplary experimental or simulation data determined from the fourth voltage regulator circuit 500 and may not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

[0064] It can be observed from the sixth graph 600B that as the temperature increases from -40 degrees Celsius to 120 degrees Celsius, the output current (i.e., output at the fourth output terminal 530) first decreases from 81.80uA to 81.37uA, and then increases from 81.37uA to 81.70uA. In other words, Figure 6B It is observed that there may be a 0.51% variation in output current based on a change in temperature from -40 degrees C to 120 degrees C. Therefore, the fourth voltage regulator circuit 500 may be configured to output a nearly constant output current based on a change in temperature, as shown in the sixth graph 600B.

[0065] Fig. 7A A method for providing a constant output voltage based on temperature changes according to an embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 2A Schematic diagram of an exemplary MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit. Figure 1A , Figure 2A , Figure 3 and Figure 5 The elements are used to describe Fig. 7A . refer to Fig. 7A , shows a fifth voltage regulator circuit 700A including a second voltage regulator circuit 702, which may correspond to Figure 3 The voltage regulator circuit 302 or Figure 2A The second voltage regulator circuit 220 is similar to Figure 2A , Figure 3 and Figure 5, the second voltage regulator circuit 702 may include an input terminal 704, a first resistor 706 (also indicated as "R1"), a second resistor 708 (also indicated as "R2"), a first MOSFET 710 (also indicated as "Q1"), a first output terminal 712, a third resistor 714 (also indicated as "R3"), a second MOSFET 716 (also indicated as "Q2"), and a second output terminal 718. The connections and operation of the second voltage regulator circuit 702 may be the same as the second voltage regulator circuit 220, as shown in FIG. Figure 2A As described in.

[0066] refer to Fig. 7A , a third MOSFET 720 (also indicated as "Q3"), a fourth MOSFET 722 (also indicated as "Q4"), a fourth resistor 724 (also indicated as "RT"), and a third output terminal 726 are also shown. The third MOSFET 720 and the fourth MOSFET 722 may be N-type MOSFETs. The second output terminal 718 of the second voltage regulator circuit 702 may be connected to a gate terminal 720A of the third MOSFET 720. A source terminal 720C of the third MOSFET 720 may be coupled to ground (i.e., grounded). A first terminal 724A of the fourth resistor 724 may be configured to receive an input supply voltage Vin. A gate terminal 722A of the fourth MOSFET 722 may be connected to a second terminal 724B of the fourth resistor 724. The fourth MOSFET 722 may be configured to provide negative feedback. The third output terminal 726 may be connected to a source terminal 722C of the fourth MOSFET 722 and a drain terminal 720B of the third MOSFET 720.

[0067] like Figure 2A As described in the fifth embodiment, based on the operation of the first MOSFET 710 and the second MOSFET 716, the fifth voltage regulator circuit 700A can be configured to receive the input power supply voltage Vin at the input terminal 704 and provide a constant second output voltage at the second output terminal 718. The fifth voltage regulator circuit 700A can also be configured to provide a third constant output voltage at the third output terminal 726 in response to a change in temperature around the fifth voltage regulator circuit 700A and a resistance value of the fourth resistor 724.

[0068] Figure 7B According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, Fig. 7A A graph showing the change in output voltage as the temperature of a MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit changes. Fig. 7A To explain the components Figure 7B . refer to Figure 7B , showing a seventh graph 700B. The seventh graph 700B indicates Fig. 7A Temperature (in degrees Celsius on the X-axis) and output voltage (in mV on the Y-axis) of the fifth voltage regulator circuit 700A. Figure 7B The temperature and output voltage values ​​depicted at may be exemplary experimental or simulation data determined from the fifth voltage regulator circuit 700A and may not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

[0069] It can be observed from the seventh graph 700B that, in the case of a resistance value of RT=0, as the temperature increases, the output voltage decreases. In addition, it can be observed that, in the case of a resistance value of RT being a defined value (i.e., RT=1x), since the fifth voltage regulator circuit 700A can provide a constant output voltage at the third output terminal 726 based on a change in the temperature around the fifth voltage regulator circuit 700A, the output voltage can be constant. In addition, according to Figure 7B It can be observed that, in the case where the resistance value of RT is twice the defined value (ie, RT=2x), then based on the change in temperature around the fifth voltage regulator circuit 700A, the output voltage may increase.

[0070] Fig. 8A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit including multiple cascade stages according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1A , Figure 2A , Figure 3 and Figure 5 The elements are used to describe Fig. 8A . refer to Fig. 8A , a sixth voltage regulator circuit 800A is shown, and the sixth voltage regulator circuit 800A includes a voltage regulator circuit 802 similar to the voltage regulator circuit 102 of FIG. 1. The voltage regulator circuit 802 can be configured to receive an input power supply voltage Vin at an input terminal 804 and output a first constant output voltage based on a change in the input power supply voltage Vin, as described in FIG. 1. The voltage regulator circuit 802 can achieve a change of 1 mV as the output voltage in the case of a change of 300 mV in the input power supply voltage Vin, as shown in FIG. Figure 1A as shown in .

[0071] according to Fig. 8A, the first output terminal 812 of the voltage regulator circuit 802 can be further connected to the first circuit 814. The first circuit 814 can include a third resistor 816 (also represented as "R3"), a second MOSFET 818 (also represented as "Q2"), and a second output terminal 820. The first terminal 816A of the third resistor 816 can be connected to the first output terminal 812. The gate terminal 818A of the second MOSFET 818 can be connected to the first output terminal 812 and the first terminal 816A of the third resistor 816. The voltage regulator circuit 802 connected to the first circuit 814 can be configured to output a second constant output voltage at the second output terminal 820 based on changes in the input power supply voltage Vin. The combination of the voltage regulator circuit 802 and the first circuit 814 is similar to Figure 2A The second voltage regulator circuit 220 described in the embodiment of the present invention can provide a second constant output voltage at the second output terminal 820. The second constant output voltage can vary by 1 mV based on a change in the input supply voltage within a range of 600 mV, such as Figure 2B Therefore, compared to the first constant output voltage provided by the voltage regulator circuit 802, the second constant output voltage may be an additional regulated voltage.

[0072] According to an embodiment, the second output terminal 820 of the first circuit 814 can be further connected to the second circuit 822. The second circuit 822 can include a fourth resistor 824 (also indicated as "R4"), a third MOSFET 826 (also indicated as "Q3"), and a third output terminal 828. A first terminal 824A of the fourth resistor 824 (also indicated as "R4") can be connected to the second output terminal 820. A gate terminal 826A of the third MOSFET 826 can be connected to the second output terminal 820 and the first terminal 824A of the fourth resistor 824. Fig. 8A As shown in , the first circuit 814 is similar to the second circuit 822 in terms of connection and function. The second circuit 822 can be configured to output a third constant output voltage at a third output terminal 828 based on a change in the input supply voltage Vin. The second circuit 822 can be used to achieve additional voltage regulation compared to the voltage regulation provided by the voltage regulator circuit 802 connected to the first circuit 814. For example, the voltage regulation provided by the second circuit 822 cascaded with the first circuit 814 and the voltage regulator circuit 802 can be twice the voltage regulation provided by the combination of the first circuit 814 and the voltage regulator circuit 802.

[0073] According to an embodiment, the second circuit 822 may further be connected to Fig. 8A800A. With each stage, the sixth voltage regulator circuit 800A can increase output voltage regulation based on changes in the input supply voltage within a specific range. For example, compared to the first constant output voltage provided by the voltage regulator circuit 802, Fig. 8A The Nth circuit shown in FIG. 1 can provide a 2-pole current for the input power supply voltage Vin. N Therefore, the greater the number of MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuits, the better the voltage regulation or the generation of a constant voltage reference for a wider range of variations in input supply voltage and temperature.

[0074] Figure 8B is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present disclosure based on Fig. 8A A graph showing the change in output voltage of a MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit as the input supply voltage changes. Fig. 8A To explain the components Figure 8B . refer to Figure 8B , an eighth graph 800B is shown. The eighth graph 800B indicates the input supply voltage (also represented as Vin in volts on the X-axis) and Fig. 8A The output voltage of the second circuit 822 (in mV on the Y axis) can be output at the third output terminal 828. Figure 8B The input power supply voltage Vin and the output voltage values ​​depicted at may be exemplary experimental or simulation data determined from the second circuit 822 and may not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

[0075] It can be observed from the eighth graph 800B that when the input power supply voltage Vin (i.e., supplied at the input terminal 804) increases from 0.8V to 1.0V, for example, the output voltage of the second circuit 822 increases from 343.3mV to 343.8mV. In addition, it can be observed that as the input power supply voltage Vin increases from 1.0V to 1.6V, the second circuit 822 can provide an almost constant output voltage (as a third constant output voltage) between 343.8mV and 343.5mV. In other words, for a change of 600mV in the input power supply voltage Vin, the change in the output voltage of the second circuit 822 is 0.30mV. Therefore, the voltage regulator circuit 802 cascaded with the first circuit 814 and the second circuit 822 can be configured to output an almost constant output voltage based on a change in the input power supply voltage Vin within a specific range, as shown in the eighth graph 800B. As Figure 1B , Figure 2B and Figure 8B As shown in FIG. 1, with the voltage regulator circuit 102 (or Fig. 8AAs the number of MOSFET circuits cascaded with the voltage regulator circuit 802 of FIG. 1 increases, the change in output voltage based on the change in input power supply voltage Vin decreases. Therefore, as the number of MOSFET circuits cascaded with the voltage regulator circuit 102 of FIG. 1 increases, improved voltage regulation or voltage reference generation can be achieved.

[0076] Fig.9A , Fig. 9B , Fig. 9C and Fig.9D is an exemplary schematic diagram of a voltage regulator circuit based on a P-type MOSFET according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.9A , a voltage regulator circuit 902 is shown. The voltage regulator circuit 902 may include an input terminal 904, a first MOSFET 906 (also indicated as "Q1"), a first resistor 908 (also indicated as "R1"), a second resistor 910 (also indicated as "R2"), and a first output terminal 912.

[0077] According to an embodiment, the first MOSFET 906 may be a P-type MOSFET (or PMOS). The first source terminal 906C of the first MOSFET 906 may be connected to the input terminal 904 and may be configured to receive an input power supply voltage Vin. The gate terminal 906A of the first MOSFET 906 may be connected to the first terminal 908A of the first resistor 908 and the second terminal 910B of the second resistor 910. The first output terminal 912 may be connected to the drain terminal 906B of the first MOSFET 906 and the first terminal 910A of the second resistor 910. The second terminal 908B of the first resistor 908 may be grounded. According to an embodiment, the ratio of the resistance value of the first resistor 908 and the resistance value of the second resistor 910 may be defined. In an embodiment, the resistance value of the first resistor 908 and the resistance value of the second resistor 910 may be based on the number of MOSFETs used in the voltage regulator circuit 902, the channel length and the channel width of the MOSFET (e.g., the first MOSFET 906). The voltage regulator circuit 902 can be configured to receive an input supply voltage Vin at a first source terminal 906C of a first MOSFET 906. The first MOSFET 906 can also be configured to operate in a pull-up configuration and can provide a first constant output voltage or a regulated output voltage at a first output terminal 912 based on changes in the input supply voltage Vin, such as Figure 1A The N-type MOSFET voltage regulator circuit is described in detail in the specification.

[0078] refer to Fig. 9B, a voltage regulator circuit 902 connected to a first circuit 914 is shown. The first circuit 914 may include a second MOSFET 916 (also indicated as "Q2"), a third resistor 918, and a second output terminal 920. The second MOSFET 916 may be a P-type MOSFET. A source terminal 916C of the second MOSFET 916 may be configured to receive an input power supply voltage Vin. A gate terminal 916A of the second MOSFET 916 may be connected to a first output terminal 912 of the voltage regulator circuit 902 and a second terminal 918B of the third resistor 918. The second output terminal 920 may be connected to a drain terminal 916B of the second MOSFET 916 and a first terminal 918A of the third resistor 918. The second MOSFET 916 may be configured to receive a first constant output voltage from the first output terminal 912 at a gate terminal 916A. According to an embodiment, the second MOSFET 916 may also be configured to operate in a pull-up configuration and may provide a second constant output voltage at the second output terminal 920 based on a change in the input power supply voltage Vin. Compared to the first constant output voltage provided by the voltage regulator circuit 902, the voltage regulator circuit 902 can be cascaded with the first circuit 914 to achieve additional voltage regulation upon changes in the input supply voltage Vin, such as in Figure 2A The second voltage regulator circuit 220 based on N-type MOSFET is described in detail in FIG.

[0079] refer to Fig. 9C , a voltage regulator circuit 902 is shown cascaded with a first circuit 914 and a second circuit 922. The second circuit 922 may include a third MOSFET 924 (also indicated as "Q3"), a fourth resistor 926 (also indicated as "R4"), and a third output terminal 928. The third MOSFET 924 may be a P-type MOSFET. A source terminal 924C of the third MOSFET 924 may be configured to receive an input power supply voltage Vin. A gate terminal 924A of the third MOSFET 924 may be connected to a second output terminal 920 of the first circuit 914 and a second terminal 926B of the fourth resistor 926. The third output terminal 928 may be connected to a drain terminal 924B of the third MOSFET 924 and a first terminal 926A of the fourth resistor 926. The third MOSFET 924 may be configured to receive a second constant output voltage from the second output terminal 920, operate in a pull-up configuration, and provide a third constant output voltage at the third output terminal 928 based on a change in the input power supply voltage Vin. The voltage regulator circuit 902 may be cascaded with the first circuit 914 and the second circuit 922 to achieve additional voltage regulation over changes in the input supply voltage compared to the output voltage provided by the combination of the voltage regulator circuit 902 cascaded with the first circuit 914 .

[0080] refer to Fig.9D , shows a voltage regulator circuit 900, in which similar to Fig. 8A In the cascade voltage regulator circuit based on N-type MOSFET described in the embodiment, multiple voltage regulator circuits based on P-type MOSFET are cascaded. The voltage regulation of the output voltage varies with the input power supply voltage Vin. Fig.9D The changes in each stage of the cascade voltage regulator circuit shown in FIG.

[0081] Fig.10 is a flow chart showing an exemplary operation of a MOSFET-based voltage regulator circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 2C , Figure 3 , Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 5 , Fig. 6A , Figure 6B , Fig. 7A , Figure 7B , Fig. 8A , Figure 8B , Fig.9A , Fig. 9B , Fig. 9C and Fig.9D The elements are used to describe Fig.10 . refer to Fig.10 , a flowchart 1000 is shown. The operations of the flowchart may be performed by the voltage regulator circuit 102. The operations may start at 1002 and proceed to 1004.

[0082] At 1004, an input power supply voltage Vin may be received at a first gate terminal 110A of a first MOSFET 110 via a first resistor 106. The first MOSFET 110 may be configured to receive the input power supply voltage Vin at a first gate terminal 110A of the first MOSFET 110. The first MOSFET 110 may be an N-type MOSFET. For example, Figure 1A The connections of the voltage regulator circuit 102 are shown and described in FIG.

[0083] At 1006, based on the change in the input supply voltage Vin, a first constant output voltage may be provided at the first output terminal 112. The first MOSFET 110 may be configured to provide the first constant output voltage at the first output terminal 112. For example, Figure 1A and Figure 1B The operation of the first MOSFET 110 providing the first constant output voltage is described in FIG.

[0084] At 1008, the first constant output voltage may be received at the second gate terminal 216A of the second MOSFET 216. The second MOSFET 216 may be configured to receive the first constant output voltage at the second gate terminal 216A of the second MOSFET 216. The second MOSFET 216 may be an N-type MOSFET. The voltage regulator circuit 102 including the second MOSFET 216 may correspond to Figure 2A The second voltage regulator circuit 220. For example, Figure 2A The connection and operation of the second voltage regulator circuit 220 are shown and described in FIG.

[0085] At 1010, based on the change in the input power supply voltage Vin, a second constant output voltage may be provided at the second output terminal 218. The second MOSFET 216 may be configured to provide the second constant output voltage at the second output terminal 218. For example, Figure 2A and Figure 2B The operation of the second MOSFET 216 providing the second constant output voltage is described in . The voltage regulation achieved using two MOSFETs may be improved voltage regulation compared to voltage regulation achieved using a single MOSFET. Control may be passed to the end.

[0086] Exemplary aspects of the present disclosure may include a voltage regulator circuit 102 that includes a first resistor 106 (also indicated as “R1”), a second resistor 108 (also indicated as “R2”), and a first metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) 110 (also indicated as “Q1”). A first gate terminal of the first MOSFET 110 may be connected to a second terminal of the first resistor 106 and a first terminal of the second resistor 108. A first drain terminal of the first MOSFET 110 may be connected to a second terminal of the second resistor 108 and a first output terminal 112 of the voltage regulator circuit 102. The first MOSFET 110 may be configured to receive an input supply voltage at a first gate terminal of the first MOSFET 110 via the first resistor 106. The first MOSFET 110 may be further configured to provide a first constant output voltage at a first output terminal 112 based on changes in the input supply voltage.

[0087] According to an embodiment, the first MOSFET 110 may be an N-type MOSFET. The first MOSFET 110 may also be configured to provide negative feedback. A ratio of the resistance value of the first resistor 106 and the resistance value of the second resistor 108 may be defined. The first MOSFET 110 may also be configured to receive an input supply voltage at a first gate terminal based on the defined ratio. According to an embodiment, the voltage regulator circuit 102 may also include a second MOSFET 216 (also represented as "Q2") and a third resistor 214 (also represented as "R3"). The second gate terminal of the second MOSFET 216 may be connected to the first output terminal of the first MOSFET 110 and the first terminal of the third resistor 214. The second drain terminal of the second MOSFET 216 may be connected to the second terminal of the third resistor 214 and the second output terminal 218. The first source terminal of the first MOSFET 110 and the second source terminal of the second MOSFET 216 may be grounded. The second MOSFET 216 may be an N-type MOSFET. The second MOSFET 216 may be configured to receive a first constant output voltage at the second gate terminal of the second MOSFET 216. The second MOSFET 216 can also be configured to provide a second constant output voltage at the second output terminal 218 based on changes in the input supply voltage. The voltage regulator circuit 102 can also include a fourth resistor 222 connected between the first output terminal 212 and the first terminal of the third resistor 214 .

[0088] According to an embodiment, the voltage regulator circuit 102 may further include an operational amplifier such as the operational amplifier 320, a third MOSFET 322 (also indicated as “Q3”), a fourth MOSFET 324 (also indicated as “Q4”), and a fifth resistor (such as Figure 3 326 in the fifth resistor 326). The negative input terminal of the operational amplifier 320 can be connected to the second output terminal of the voltage regulator circuit 102. The output terminal of the operational amplifier 320 can be connected to the fourth gate terminal of the fourth MOSFET 324. The positive input terminal of the operational amplifier 320 can be connected to the third output terminal of the voltage regulator circuit 102, the fourth drain terminal of the fourth MOSFET 324, and the first terminal of the fifth resistor. The third MOSFET 322 can be an N-type MOSFET, and the fourth MOSFET 324 can be a P-type MOSFET configured to receive an input power supply voltage at a fourth source terminal of the fourth MOSFET 324. The third gate terminal of the third MOSFET 322 can be connected to the second terminal of the fifth resistor and the third drain terminal of the third MOSFET 322. The third source terminal of the third MOSFET 322 can be grounded.

[0089] The operational amplifier 320 may be configured to compare the second constant output voltage at the second output terminal with a voltage reference at the third output terminal of the voltage regulator circuit 102. The operational amplifier 320 may also be configured to control the generation of a voltage reference at the third output terminal of the voltage regulator circuit 102 based on the comparison. The generated voltage reference may be constant based on a change in the input power supply voltage. The generated voltage reference may be constant based on a change in the temperature around the voltage regulator circuit 102. According to an embodiment, the third MOSFET 322 and the fifth resistor may be connected in parallel. The third gate terminal of the third MOSFET 322 may be connected to the third output terminal of the voltage regulator circuit and the first terminal of the fifth resistor. The parallel connection between the third MOSFET 322 and the fifth resistor may be configured to provide a constant output current based on a change in the input power supply voltage and the temperature around the voltage regulator circuit 102.

[0090] The present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or in a combination of hardware and software. The present disclosure may be implemented in a centralized manner in at least one computer system or in a distributed manner in which different elements may span multiple interconnected computer systems. A computer system or other device suitable for performing the methods described herein may be suitable. The combination of hardware and software may be a general-purpose computer system with a computer program that, when loaded and executed, may control the computer system so that it performs the methods described herein. The present disclosure may be implemented in hardware that includes a portion of an integrated circuit that also performs other functions.

[0091] The present disclosure may also be embedded in a computer program product comprising all the features enabling the implementation of the methods described herein and capable of carrying out these methods when loaded in a computer system. In the present context, a computer program means any expression in any language, code or notation of a set of instructions intended to cause a system with information processing capabilities to perform certain functions directly or after either or both of the following: A) conversion into another language, code or notation; B) reproduction in a different material form.

[0092] Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to certain embodiments, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt specific circumstances or materials to the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, it is intended that the present disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, but that the present disclosure will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A voltage regulator circuit, comprising: a first resistor; a second resistor; a first metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor MOSFET, Second MOSFET; The third resistor, Operational amplifier; The third MOSFET, The fourth MOSFET, and The fourth resistor, wherein a first gate terminal of the first MOSFET is connected to a second terminal of the first resistor and a first terminal of the second resistor, wherein a first drain terminal of the first MOSFET is connected to a second terminal of the second resistor and a first output terminal of the voltage regulator circuit, and Wherein, the first MOSFET is configured as: receiving an input supply voltage at a first gate terminal of the first MOSFET via the first resistor, and providing a first constant output voltage at the first output terminal based on a change in the input supply voltage; wherein a second gate terminal of the second MOSFET is connected to a first output terminal of the first MOSFET and a first terminal of the third resistor, and a second drain terminal of the second MOSFET is connected to a second terminal of the third resistor and a second output terminal of the voltage regulator circuit; wherein a negative input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to a second output terminal of the voltage regulator circuit, an output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to a fourth gate terminal of the fourth MOSFET, and a positive input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to a third output terminal of the voltage regulator circuit, a fourth drain terminal of the fourth MOSFET, and a first terminal of the fourth resistor; The third gate terminal of the third MOSFET is connected to the second terminal of the fourth resistor and the third drain terminal of the third MOSFET, and the third source terminal of the third MOSFET is grounded.

2. The voltage regulator circuit according to claim 1, wherein The first MOSFET is an N-type MOSFET, and The first MOSFET is also configured to provide negative feedback.

3. The voltage regulator circuit according to claim 1, wherein A ratio of a resistance value of the first resistor to a resistance value of the second resistor is defined, and The first MOSFET is further configured to receive the input supply voltage at the first gate terminal based on a defined ratio.

4. The voltage regulator circuit according to claim 1, wherein: A first source terminal of the first MOSFET and a second source terminal of the second MOSFET are grounded.

5. The voltage regulator circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The second MOSFET is an N-type MOSFET and is configured as: receiving the first constant output voltage at a second gate terminal of the second MOSFET; and Based on changes in the input supply voltage, a second constant output voltage is provided at the second output terminal. 6 . The voltage regulator circuit of claim 1 , further comprising a fifth resistor connected between the first output terminal and the first terminal of the third resistor.

7. The voltage regulator circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The third MOSFET is an N-type MOSFET, and the fourth MOSFET is a P-type MOSFET configured to receive the input supply voltage at a fourth source terminal of the fourth MOSFET.

8. The voltage regulator circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The operational amplifier is configured as: comparing a second constant output voltage at the second output terminal to a voltage reference at a third output terminal of the voltage regulator circuit; and Generation of a voltage reference at a third output terminal of the voltage regulator circuit is controlled based on the comparison, wherein the generated voltage reference is constant based on changes in the input supply voltage.

9. The voltage regulator circuit according to claim 8, wherein: The generated voltage reference is constant based on changes in temperature around the voltage regulator circuit.

10. The voltage regulator circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The third MOSFET and the fourth resistor are connected in parallel, and wherein a third gate terminal of the third MOSFET is connected to a third output terminal of the voltage regulator circuit and a first terminal of the fourth resistor.

11. The voltage regulator circuit according to claim 10, wherein: The parallel connection between the third MOSFET and the fourth resistor is configured to provide a constant output current based on changes in the input supply voltage and a temperature surrounding the voltage regulator circuit.

12. A voltage reference generating circuit, comprising: A voltage regulator circuit comprising: The first resistor, The second resistor, and A first metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor MOSFET, wherein A first gate terminal of the first MOSFET is connected to a second terminal of the first resistor and a first terminal of the second resistor, and a first drain terminal of the first MOSFET is connected to a second terminal of the second resistor and a first output terminal of the voltage regulator circuit, and The first MOSFET is configured as: receiving an input supply voltage at a first gate terminal of the first MOSFET via the first resistor; and providing a first constant output voltage at the first output terminal based on changes in the input supply voltage; and Operational amplifier; Second MOSFET; a third MOSFET; and The third resistor, The negative input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the first output terminal of the voltage regulator circuit, The output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the third gate terminal of the third MOSFET, and The positive input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the voltage reference generating circuit, the third drain terminal of the third MOSFET and the first terminal of the third resistor; The second gate terminal of the second MOSFET is connected to the second terminal of the third resistor and the second drain terminal of the second MOSFET, and the second source terminal of the second MOSFET is grounded.

13. The voltage reference generating circuit according to claim 12, wherein: The first MOSFET and the second MOSFET are N-type MOSFETs, and wherein the third MOSFET is a P-type MOSFET configured to receive the input supply voltage at a third source terminal of the third MOSFET.

14. The voltage reference generating circuit according to claim 12, wherein: The operational amplifier is configured as: comparing a first constant output voltage at the first output terminal with a voltage reference at an output terminal of the voltage reference generating circuit; as well as Generation of a voltage reference at an output terminal of the voltage reference generation circuit is controlled based on the comparison, wherein the generated voltage reference is constant based on changes in the input power supply voltage.

15. The voltage reference generating circuit according to claim 14, wherein: Based on the change of the temperature around the voltage reference generating circuit, the generated voltage reference is constant.

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