Choke hole optimization design and tool face identification method and device

Abstract

The present invention provides a throttle hole optimization design and tool face identification method, which includes: based on the basic parameters of a mechanical tool face measurement device, calculating the circular throttle hole radius and throttle hole area allowed in a sector interval; based on the number of throttle holes and the pressure drop level, combined with the circular throttle hole radius and throttle hole area allowed in the sector interval, determining the implementation method of the pressure pulse and the hole type and radius of each throttle hole; arranging and combining all throttle holes, determining multiple groups of layouts of throttle holes on a throttle valve disc, and drawing a pressure pulse waveform plate corresponding to each layout during the flow process; selecting the layout with the strongest pressure fluctuation and the highest recognition between throttle holes as the optimal layout, and determining the real-time position of each throttle hole through a real-time pressure drop change map to determine the current tool face position. The present invention can realize the optimization design of its encoding mechanism according to the working environment and measurement accuracy requirements of the mechanical tool face measurement device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of drilling engineering, and in particular to a throttle hole optimization design and tool face identification method and device. Background Art

[0002] The exploration and development of deep high-temperature formation oil and gas resources and hot dry rock geothermal resources mostly rely on directional wells and horizontal wells. At present, the reservoir temperature in Shunnan and Shunbei areas of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang is as high as 200°C, and the bottom temperature of hot dry rock geothermal wells drilled in the Gonghe Basin in Qinghai is as high as 236°C. The key to directional well and horizontal well drilling construction requires high-temperature measurement tools, especially accurate measurement of tool surface. The 175°C directional measurement tools developed by major oil service companies at home and abroad are mature, but there are no mature directional measurement tools that can withstand temperatures above 200°C at home and abroad, which cannot meet the needs of directional drilling construction in ultra-high temperature formations.

[0003] The prior art provides a mechanical directional tool face measurement device, which measures the tool face through the principle and overall design method of generating signals through the mechanical structure, but does not provide how to optimize the hole arrangement when designing the key coding mechanism of the measurement device. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on the arrangement and optimization of the throttle holes of the mechanical tool face measurement device to provide technical support for directional drilling and horizontal well drilling in ultra-high temperature formations.

[0004] Directional / horizontal well drilling in ultra-high temperature formations will become the norm for the development of oil and gas resources and hot dry rock geothermal resources. Traditional measurement while drilling tools based on electronic components cannot operate for a long time in ultra-high temperature environments, which limits the exploration and development of ultra-high temperature formation resources.

[0005] The prior art provides a tool face measurement device based on the mechanical measurement principle, which realizes tool face measurement through a mechanical structure and can meet the tool face measurement requirements of ultra-high temperature formations. However, it does not provide a key coding mechanism for the mechanical tool face measurement device, which is how to optimize the throttle hole arrangement to achieve accurate tool face measurement.

[0006] Therefore, the present invention provides a method and device for optimizing the design of a throttle hole and identifying a tool face. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for optimizing the design of a throttle hole and identifying a tool face, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Based on the basic parameters of the mechanical tool face measurement device, the radius and area of ​​the circular throttle hole allowed in the sector interval are calculated;

[0009] Step 2: Based on the number of throttle holes and the pressure drop level, combined with the circular throttle hole radius and throttle hole area allowed in the fan-shaped interval, determine the implementation method of the pressure pulse and the hole shape and radius of each throttle hole;

[0010] Step 3: Arrange and combine all throttle holes, determine multiple layouts of throttle holes on the throttle valve disc, and draw a pressure pulse waveform chart corresponding to each layout during the flow process;

[0011] Step 4: Select the layout with the strongest pressure fluctuation and the highest recognition between the throttle holes as the optimal layout, and determine the real-time position of each throttle hole through the real-time pressure drop change map to determine the current tool face position.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step 1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0013] Based on the central angle of the sector, the radius of the center hole, and the safe distance between the throttling hole and the center hole, the minimum allowable radius of the circular throttling hole is calculated;

[0014] Based on the central angle of the sector, the radius of the throttle disc and the safety distance from the outer edge of the disc, the maximum allowable radius of the circular throttle hole is calculated;

[0015] Based on the central angle of the sector and the safe distance between the throttling hole and the center hole, the minimum allowable throttling hole area is calculated;

[0016] The maximum allowable throttling hole area is calculated based on the central angle of the sector, the radius of the center hole, the radius of the throttling valve disc, and the safety distance from the outer edge of the valve disc.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step 2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0018] The combination of throttle holes on the throttle valve disc under the positive pulse implementation mode is determined through the relationship between the number of throttle holes and the pressure drop level;

[0019] Based on the flow coefficient, working displacement, minimum throttling pressure drop, and the throttling pressure drop corresponding to each pressure drop level, determine the equivalent diameter of the encoder disc under each combination form;

[0020] Establishing an equation group, wherein the equation group includes a relationship equation between an equivalent diameter of a throttle hole and an equivalent diameter of a coding disk corresponding to each pressure drop level in each combination form;

[0021] The least squares solution obtained by solving the equation group is verified and analyzed to obtain a solution to the equation group that passes the verification analysis.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step 2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0023] Determine whether the solution of the equation group meets the requirements of the circular throttle hole radius and throttle hole area allowed by the sector interval;

[0024] If satisfied, the solution of the equation group is used as the equivalent diameter of the throttling hole corresponding to each throttling pressure drop level;

[0025] If not satisfied, the equivalent throttle orifice diameter corresponding to each pressure drop level is calculated under the negative pulse implementation mode.

[0026] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step 2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0027] If the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole corresponding to the current pressure drop level is less than the minimum allowable diameter, the hole shape is annular, and the inner radius and outer radius of the annular throttle hole are calculated by the center hole radius, the safety distance between the throttle hole and the center hole, and the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole corresponding to the current pressure drop level;

[0028] If the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole corresponding to the current pressure drop level is greater than the minimum allowable diameter and less than the maximum allowable diameter, the hole shape is circular, and the throttle hole radius is calculated by the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole corresponding to the current pressure drop level;

[0029] If the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole corresponding to the current pressure drop level is greater than the maximum allowable diameter, the hole type is annular, and the inner radius and outer radius of the annular throttle hole are calculated by the radius of the flow valve disc, the safety distance from the outer edge of the valve disc, and the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole corresponding to the current pressure drop level.

[0030] According to one embodiment of the present invention, when the number of throttle holes is an even number, the step three specifically includes the following steps:

[0031] Selecting a marked throttle hole, and arranging and combining the remaining throttle holes except the marked throttle hole to obtain a plurality of permutations and combinations, and sequentially arranging them behind the marked throttle hole, to obtain a first layout including a plurality of layouts;

[0032] The plurality of permutations and combinations obtained by permuting and combining all the throttle holes are used as the second layout;

[0033] Based on the arrangement and combination of the first layout and the second layout, multiple groups of layouts of throttle holes on the throttle valve disc are obtained.

[0034] According to one embodiment of the present invention, when the number of throttle holes is an odd number, the step three specifically includes the following steps:

[0035] Selecting a marked throttle hole, and arranging and combining the remaining throttle holes except the marked throttle hole to obtain a plurality of permutations and combinations, and sequentially arranging them behind the marked throttle hole, to obtain a third layout including a plurality of layouts;

[0036] In the third layout, two different permutations and combinations are selected, sorted, and arranged behind the marked throttle holes to obtain multiple groups of layouts of throttle holes on the throttle valve disc.

[0037] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step three specifically includes the following steps:

[0038] The throttling area and throttling pressure drop of each throttling hole are calculated through the hole shape and radius of each throttling hole;

[0039] Based on the selected working state speed and time interval, calculate the pressure drop change of each throttling hole in the process of full open-full close-full open;

[0040] According to the pressure drop change results of pressure throttling, a pressure drop change chart of each throttling hole is drawn with the time axis as the horizontal axis and the pressure drop as the vertical axis to obtain the pressure pulse waveform chart corresponding to each layout.

[0041] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step 4 specifically includes the following steps:

[0042] Using the pressure pulse waveform diagram corresponding to the optimal layout as a preset diagram, receiving the real-time pressure signal when the mechanical tool face measuring device is working;

[0043] Performing filtering analysis on the real-time pressure signal to establish the real-time pressure drop variation map, performing pattern recognition and comparative analysis with the preset map, and determining the real-time position of each throttle hole;

[0044] The current tool face position is determined by the real-time position of each throttle hole combined with the marked directional bend joint position.

[0045] According to another aspect of the present invention, a throttle hole optimization design and tool face identification device is also proposed, the device comprising:

[0046] The first module is used to calculate the circular throttle hole radius and throttle hole area allowed in the sector interval based on the basic parameters of the mechanical tool face measurement device;

[0047] The second module is used to determine the implementation method of the pressure pulse and the hole shape and radius of each throttle hole based on the number of throttle holes and the pressure drop level, combined with the circular throttle hole radius and throttle hole area allowed in the fan-shaped interval;

[0048] The third module is used to arrange and combine all throttle holes, determine multiple layouts of throttle holes on the throttle valve disc, and draw a pressure pulse waveform chart corresponding to each layout during the flow process;

[0049] The fourth module is used to select the layout with the strongest pressure fluctuation and the highest recognition between the throttling holes as the optimal layout, and determine the real-time position of each throttling hole through the real-time pressure drop change map to determine the current tool face position.

[0050] The throttle hole optimization design and tool face identification method and device provided by the present invention can quickly realize the optimization design of its encoding mechanism according to the working environment and measurement accuracy requirements of the mechanical tool face measuring device; the tool face measurement can be quickly and accurately realized through the preset pressure waveform preset template, which can provide basic support for the design and use of the mechanical tool face measuring device.

[0051] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0053] Figure 1 A flow chart of a throttle hole optimization design and tool face identification method according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0054] Figure 2 A flow chart of a method for solving the equivalent diameter of a throttle hole corresponding to each pressure drop level according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0055] Figure 3 A flow chart of a method for solving the hole type and radius of each throttling hole according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0056] Figure 4 A flow chart of a method for obtaining a pressure pulse waveform diagram corresponding to each layout according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0057] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing a situation in which the liquid level is lower than the center of gravity of the throttle hole according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0058] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing a situation in which the liquid level is higher than the center of gravity of the throttle hole according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0059] Figure 7 A flow chart of a method for determining a current tool face position according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0060] Figure 8 A graph showing the change in pressure drop of different throttle orifice switches according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0061] Fig. 9 A pressure variation waveform and a tool surface corresponding diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown; and

[0062] Fig.10 A structural block diagram of a throttle hole optimization design and tool face identification device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0064] Figure 1 A flow chart of a throttle hole optimization design and tool face identification method according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0065] like Figure 1 As shown, in step S101, based on the basic parameters of the mechanical tool face measuring device, the circular throttle hole radius and throttle hole area allowed in the sector interval are calculated.

[0066] The mechanical tool face measuring device mentioned in the present invention is a mechanical tool face measuring device used in directional drilling in ultra-high temperature formations.

[0067] Specifically, the basic parameters include: center hole radius R1, throttle valve disc radius R2, safety distance between throttle hole and center hole R sfi , the safety distance R of the outer edge of the valve disc sfo , the number of equal-angle sectors m divided by the encoder disk based on the measurement accuracy, the central angle θ of the equally divided sectors, the number of throttling holes n, the pressure drop level j, and the pressure drop step difference △P i , minimum throttling pressure drop P min , Minimum allowable voltage drop step difference △P min , maximum allowable voltage drop P max , mechanical tool face measuring device flow fluid density ρ, mechanical tool face measuring device working displacement Q.

[0068] In one embodiment, the minimum allowable radius of the circular throttling hole is calculated based on the central angle of the sector, the radius of the center hole, and the safety distance between the throttling hole and the center hole.

[0069] Specifically, the minimum allowable radius is calculated by the following formula:

[0070]

[0071] Among them, R minrepresents the minimum allowable radius; θ represents the (equally divided) sector center angle; R1 represents the center hole radius; R sfi Indicates the safe distance between the throttle hole and the center hole.

[0072] In one embodiment, the maximum allowable radius of the circular throttling hole is calculated based on the central angle of the sector, the radius of the throttling valve disc, and the safety distance of the outer edge of the valve disc.

[0073] Specifically, the maximum allowable radius is calculated by the following formula:

[0074]

[0075] Among them, R max represents the maximum allowable radius; θ represents the (equally divided) sector center angle; R2 represents the throttle valve disc radius; R sfo Indicates the safety distance from the outer edge of the valve disc.

[0076] In one embodiment, the minimum allowable throttling hole area is calculated based on the central angle of the sector and the safety distance between the throttling hole and the center hole.

[0077] Specifically, the minimum allowable throttle area is calculated by the following formula:

[0078]

[0079] Among them, A min represents the minimum allowable throttle area; θ represents the (equally divided) sector center angle; R sfi Indicates the safe distance between the throttle hole and the center hole.

[0080] In one embodiment, the maximum allowable throttling hole area is calculated based on the central angle of the sector, the radius of the central hole, the radius of the throttling valve disc, and the safety distance of the outer edge of the valve disc.

[0081] Specifically, the maximum allowable throttle area is calculated by the following formula:

[0082]

[0083] Among them, A max represents the maximum allowable throttle hole area; θ represents the (equally divided) sector center angle; R2 represents the throttle valve disc radius; R1 represents the center hole radius; R sfo Indicates the safety distance from the outer edge of the valve disc.

[0084] In one embodiment, the safety distance R between the throttle hole and the center hole is sf Take 1-3mm.

[0085] like Figure 1As shown, in step S102, based on the number of throttling holes and the pressure drop level, combined with the circular throttling hole radius and throttling hole area allowed by the sector interval, the implementation method of the pressure pulse and the hole shape and radius of each throttling hole are determined.

[0086] Specifically, the implementation method of the pressure pulse includes a positive pulse implementation method and a negative pulse implementation method.

[0087] The positive pulse implementation method means that under normal circumstances where the throttling hole is not blocked, the throttling pressure base value of the mechanical tool face measurement device itself is very low. When the throttling hole is closed, the ground pressure will increase △P, and signal encoding is achieved by increasing different pressure values. The disadvantage of the positive pulse implementation method is that when the number of throttling holes is too large, there are too many openings on the valve disc of the encoding mechanism itself, and the throttling area of ​​a single throttling hole is too small in the total throttling hole area, and the pressure signal cannot be recognized by blocking the throttling hole.

[0088] The negative pulse is realized in that the throttle valve disc blocks all throttle holes under normal circumstances. The mechanical tool face measurement device has the highest throttle pressure base value, which is about the maximum allowable pressure drop P max When the throttling block cuts the valve disc, different throttling holes are opened to reduce the throttling pressure of the measuring device by △P, and signal encoding is achieved by reducing different pressure values. The disadvantage of the negative pulse implementation method is that only one throttling hole is opened during the working process, and the tool has a high throttling pressure for a long time.

[0089] In the present invention, the positive pulse implementation method is first used in the design process, and when the positive pulse cannot be implemented, the negative pulse implementation method is used. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the pulse method, and determine the size of the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole at the same time as the pulse method is determined.

[0090] In one embodiment, by Figure 2 The method flow chart shown is used to solve the equivalent orifice diameter corresponding to each pressure drop level. Specifically:

[0091] like Figure 2 As shown, in step S201, the combination form of the throttle holes on the throttle valve disc in the positive pulse implementation mode is determined according to the relationship between the number of throttle holes and the pressure drop level.

[0092] Specifically, j voltage drop levels are numbered from small to large as △P1, △P2, ... △P j , the corresponding throttle hole equivalent diameters are numbered as d1, d2, ... d j .

[0093] If the number of throttle holes n is an even number, each equivalent diameter number corresponds to 2 holes. If the number of throttle holes n is an odd number, d1 corresponds to 1 throttle hole, d2-d j Each corresponds to 2 throttle holes.

[0094] The relationship between the number of throttle holes n and the pressure drop level j is:

[0095] When n is an even number, j = n / 2;

[0096] When n is an odd number, j=(n+1) / 2.

[0097] In the positive pulse implementation mode, when n is an even number, there are j+1 combinations of throttle holes on the throttle valve disc during the normal operation of the mechanical tool face measurement device. The equivalent diameters of the encoding discs corresponding to the j+1 combinations are set to D0, D1, D2, ... D j .

[0098] Specifically, in the positive pulse implementation mode, when n is an even number:

[0099] D0 represents the equivalent diameter of the encoder disc when the throttle hole is not blocked;

[0100] D1 represents the equivalent diameter of the encoder disk when one d1 throttle hole is blocked;

[0101] D2 represents the equivalent diameter of the encoder disk when one d2 throttle hole is blocked;

[0102] …

[0103] D j Indicates blocking 1 d j Equivalent diameter of the encoder disc at the throttle hole.

[0104] In the positive pulse implementation mode, when n is an odd number, there are j+1 combinations of throttle holes on the throttle valve disc during the normal operation of the mechanical tool face measurement device. The equivalent diameters of the encoding discs corresponding to the j+1 combinations are set to D0, D1, D2, ... D j .

[0105] Specifically, in the positive pulse implementation mode, when n is an odd number:

[0106] D0 represents the equivalent diameter of the encoder disc when the throttle hole is not blocked;

[0107] D1 represents the equivalent diameter of the encoder disk when the d1 throttle hole is blocked;

[0108] D2 represents the equivalent diameter of the encoder disk when one d2 throttle hole is blocked;

[0109] …

[0110] D j Indicates blocking 1 d j Equivalent diameter of the encoder disc at the throttle hole.

[0111] like Figure 2As shown, in step S202, based on the flow coefficient, the working displacement, the minimum throttling pressure drop, and the throttling pressure drop corresponding to each pressure drop level, the equivalent diameter of the encoder disk in each combination form is determined.

[0112] Specifically, according to the minimum allowable throttling pressure drop P min , throttling pressure drop corresponding to each pressure drop level △P1, △P2, ... △P j , flow coefficient c, working displacement Q, the equivalent diameter of the encoder disc in each combination is calculated using the following equation:

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] Among them, D i It represents the equivalent diameter of the encoding disk in the i-th combination form, i = 1, 2, ... j; ρ represents the fluid density.

[0116] like Figure 2 As shown, in step S203, a set of equations is established, which includes a relationship equation between the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole and the equivalent diameter of the encoder disk corresponding to each pressure drop level in each combination form.

[0117] Specifically, when n is an even number, the system of equations is as follows:

[0118] n is an even number

[0119] Specifically, when n is an odd number, the system of equations is as follows:

[0120] n is an odd number

[0121] like Figure 2 As shown, in step S204, the least squares solution obtained by solving the equation group is verified and analyzed to obtain a solution to the equation group that passes the verification analysis.

[0122] Specifically, the least squares solution obtained by the numerical solution method is verified and analyzed using the following set of equations:

[0123] n is an even number

[0124] n is an odd number

[0125] Among them, k = 1, 2, ... j.

[0126] If the least square solution can satisfy the above equations, it means that the pressure drop pulse of the mechanical tool face measurement device can be realized by using the positive pulse method.

[0127] Furthermore, it is determined whether the solution to the system of equations satisfies the requirements of the circular throttle hole radius and throttle hole area allowed in the sector interval.

[0128] If satisfied, the solution of the equation group is taken as the equivalent diameter of the throttling hole corresponding to each throttling pressure drop level.

[0129] If not satisfied, the equivalent throttle orifice diameter corresponding to each pressure drop level is calculated under the negative pulse implementation mode.

[0130] In one embodiment, the following steps are performed to determine whether the solution to the system of equations meets the requirements of the circular throttle hole radius and throttle hole area allowed in the sector interval:

[0131] If d1 ≥ 2R min And d j ≤2R max ,or And d j ≤2R max ,or And d j ≤2R max ,or and This indicates that the throttle hole design for the positive pulse implementation method is reasonable and meets the requirements for the circular throttle hole radius and throttle hole area allowed in the fan-shaped interval.

[0132] If the solution of the equation group does not meet the requirements of the circular throttle orifice radius and throttle orifice area allowed by the sector interval under the positive pulse implementation method, the equivalent throttle orifice diameter corresponding to each pressure drop level is calculated through the negative pulse implementation method, as shown in the following formula:

[0133]

[0134] Among them, i=1, 2, ...j.

[0135] The following steps are used to determine whether the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole corresponding to each pressure drop level calculated by the negative pulse implementation method meets the requirements of the circular throttle hole radius and throttle hole area allowed in the fan-shaped interval:

[0136] If d1 ≥ 2R min And d j ≤2R max ,or And d j ≤2R max ,or And d j ≤2R max ,or and This shows that the throttle hole design for the negative pulse implementation method is reasonable and meets the requirements for the circular throttle hole radius and throttle hole area allowed in the fan-shaped interval.

[0137] If the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole corresponding to each pressure drop level calculated by the negative pulse implementation method does not meet the requirements of the circular throttle hole radius and throttle hole area allowed by the fan-shaped interval, the minimum throttle pressure drop P is adjusted. min , maximum allowable voltage drop P max , calculate the negative pulse implementation method again to calculate the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole corresponding to each pressure drop level.

[0138] In one embodiment, by Figure 3 The method flow chart shown solves the hole shape and radius of each throttling hole, specifically:

[0139] Compare the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole corresponding to each pressure drop level with the minimum allowable diameter and the maximum allowable diameter in turn, where the minimum allowable diameter is 2R min , the maximum allowable diameter is 2R max .

[0140] If the equivalent diameter of the throttling hole corresponding to the current pressure drop level is smaller than the minimum allowable diameter, the hole shape is annular. The inner radius and outer radius of the annular throttling hole are calculated by the minimum allowable radius, the center hole radius, the safety distance between the throttling hole and the center hole, and the equivalent diameter of the throttling hole corresponding to the current pressure drop level.

[0141] Specifically, the inner radius R in For: R in =R1+R sfi ;

[0142] Outer radius R o For: R o =(R in 2 +(90 / θ)d i 2 ) 0.5 .

[0143] If the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole corresponding to the current pressure drop level is greater than the minimum allowable diameter and less than the maximum allowable diameter, the hole shape is circular, and the throttle hole radius is calculated by the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole corresponding to the current pressure drop level.

[0144] Specifically, the orifice radius R i For: R i =d i / 2.

[0145] If the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole corresponding to the current pressure drop level is greater than the maximum allowable diameter, the hole type is annular, and the inner radius and outer radius of the annular throttle hole are calculated by the radius of the flow valve disc, the safety distance from the outer edge of the valve disc, and the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole corresponding to the current pressure drop level.

[0146] Specifically, the outer radius R o For: R o =R2-R sfo ;

[0147] Inner radius R in For: R in =(R o 2 -(90 / θ)d i 2 ) 0.5 .

[0148] like Figure 1 As shown, in step S103, all throttle holes are arranged and combined to determine multiple groups of layouts of throttle holes on the throttle valve disk, and a pressure pulse waveform chart corresponding to each layout during the flow process is drawn.

[0149] Specifically, when the number of throttle holes is an even number, step S103 specifically includes the following steps:

[0150] First, a marked throttle hole is selected, and multiple permutations and combinations obtained by permuting and combining the remaining throttle holes except the marked throttle hole are sequentially arranged behind the marked throttle hole to obtain a first layout including multiple layouts.

[0151] Afterwards, multiple arrangements and combinations obtained by arranging and combining all the throttle holes are used as the second layout.

[0152] Finally, multiple layouts of throttle holes on the throttle valve disc are obtained based on the arrangement and combination of the first layout and the second layout.

[0153] Furthermore, when the throttle holes are arranged on the disk, the throttle hole with an equivalent aperture of d1 is set as the marked throttle hole.

[0154] When the number of throttle holes n is an even number:

[0155] Step A: First, the remaining d2-d j A total of j-1 throttle holes are arranged in different orders and are placed directly behind the throttle hole d1 after the arrangement and combination. They are marked and numbered as h. total permutations and combinations as the first layout;

[0156] Step B: d1-d j A total of j throttle holes are arranged in different orders and numbered k. total A combination as the second layout;

[0157] Step C: It is necessary to arrange and combine the two groups of steps A and B to form the arrangement and combination of the throttle holes of the entire encoding disk, that is, the layout of multiple groups of throttle holes on the throttle valve disk. The specific process is as follows:

[0158] a. Set i=1, p=1, q=1, and the value range of q is:

[0159] b. If Then end, otherwise, select the arrangement numbered i in step A;

[0160] c. If Select the pth permutation in step B, if Return to step b;

[0161] d. Determine whether the pth arrangement selected in step B in step c is consistent with the 1st to ith arrangements selected in step b. If they are consistent, p = p + 1, and return to step c;

[0162] e. Place the pth arrangement selected in step c directly after the ith arrangement selected in step b, thus completing a set of throttle hole arrangement combinations, record the throttle hole arrangement combinations obtained this time, q=q+1, i=i+1, and return to step b.

[0163] Specifically, when the number of throttle holes is an odd number, step S103 specifically includes the following steps:

[0164] First, a marked throttle hole is selected, and multiple permutations and combinations obtained by permuting and combining the remaining throttle holes except the marked throttle hole are sequentially arranged behind the marked throttle hole to obtain a third layout including multiple layouts.

[0165] Finally, in the third layout, two different permutations and combinations are selected, sorted, and arranged behind the marked throttle holes, thereby obtaining multiple groups of layouts of throttle holes on the throttle valve disc.

[0166] Furthermore, when the throttle holes are arranged on the disk, the throttle hole with an equivalent aperture of d1 is set as the marked throttle hole.

[0167] When the number of throttle holes n is an odd number:

[0168] Step A: First, the remaining d2-d j A total of j-1 throttle holes are arranged in different orders and are placed directly behind the throttle hole d1 after the arrangement and combination. They are marked and numbered as h. total A combination as the third layout;

[0169] Step B: Select all two different sorting combinations from the throttle hole sorting (third layout) determined in step A and directly connect them after the throttle hole d1, so as to obtain the throttle hole sorting method on the entire disk, and record the throttle hole sorting order, a total of combinations.

[0170] In one embodiment, by Figure 4 The method flow chart shown in the figure obtains the pressure pulse waveform diagram corresponding to each layout, specifically:

[0171] like Figure 4 As shown, in step S401, the throttling area and throttling pressure drop of each throttling hole are calculated through the hole shape and radius of each throttling hole.

[0172] Specifically, the throttling area A of each throttling hole is calculated based on the hole shape and radius of each throttling hole. j And throttling pressure drop △P j .

[0173] Specifically, the throttling pressure drop is calculated by the following formula:

[0174]

[0175] like Figure 4 As shown, in step S402, based on the selected operating state speed and time interval, the pressure throttling pressure drop change of each throttle hole in the process of full open-full close-full open is calculated.

[0176] Specifically, the mechanical tool face measuring device working state speed ω, time interval (f is the system data acquisition frequency) Calculate the pressure drop change of each throttle hole from fully open to fully closed to fully open. The dynamic area change of the circular throttle hole is calculated using the following formula:

[0177]

[0178] The dynamic area of ​​the annular throttle hole is calculated using the following equation:

[0179]

[0180] Wherein, t represents time, R represents the outer diameter of the ring, and r represents the inner diameter of the ring.

[0181] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, θ1 represents the angle between the line segment (line segment OC) between the center C of the throttling hole and the center O of the sector angle where the throttling hole is located and the edge of the cutting valve disc. Figure 5-Figure 6 The medium grey portion indicates the area of ​​the throttle hole blocked by the cut valve block, and the colorless portion indicates the portion of the throttle hole that is not blocked.

[0182] like Figure 5 As shown, when the area of ​​the throttle hole blocked by the cutting valve block is less than half of the area of ​​the throttle hole, the angle between the edge of the cutting valve block and the lower boundary of the fan (the angle between the line segment OE and the line segment OD) is equal to θ2.

[0183] like Figure 6 As shown, when the area of ​​the throttling hole blocked by the cutting valve block is greater than half of the area of ​​the throttling hole, the angle between the edge of the cutting valve disc and the upper boundary of the sector is equal to θ2 (the angle between the line segment OE and the line segment OD).

[0184] like Figure 4 As shown, in step S403, according to the pressure drop change result of pressure throttling, a pressure drop change chart of each throttling hole is drawn with the time axis as the horizontal axis and the pressure drop as the vertical axis to obtain a pressure pulse waveform chart corresponding to each layout.

[0185] Specifically, according to the pressure drop change result of pressure throttling, the time axis is used as the horizontal axis and the pressure drop is used as the vertical axis to draw the throttling pressure drop change chart of each throttling hole from full open-full closed-full open at the speed. It should be noted that if it is a positive pulse implementation method, the waveform curve can be directly drawn according to the calculation result. If it is a negative pulse implementation method, the pressure drop calculation result is converted to a corresponding negative number and then the pulse waveform is drawn.

[0186] Afterwards, based on the pressure drop variation diagram of each throttling hole and the multiple layouts of the throttling holes on the throttle valve disc, a pressure pulse waveform diagram corresponding to each layout is drawn.

[0187] like Figure 1 As shown, in step S104, the layout with the strongest pressure fluctuation and the highest recognition between throttle holes is selected as the optimal layout, and the real-time position of each throttle hole is determined by the real-time pressure drop change map to determine the current tool face position.

[0188] In one embodiment, by Figure 7 The method flow chart shown determines the current tool face position, specifically:

[0189] like Figure 7 As shown, in step S701, the pressure pulse waveform diagram corresponding to the optimal layout is used as a preset diagram to receive the real-time pressure signal of the mechanical tool face measuring device when it is working.

[0190] Specifically, numerical simulation and simple test are performed on the pressure pulse waveform diagrams and waveform combinations corresponding to each layout to conduct comparative analysis, and the layout with the strongest pressure fluctuation and the highest recognition between the throttle holes is selected as the optimal layout.

[0191] like Figure 7As shown, in step S702, the real-time pressure signal is filtered and analyzed to establish a real-time pressure drop change map, and pattern recognition and comparative analysis are performed with the preset map to determine the real-time position of each throttle hole.

[0192] like Figure 7 As shown, in step S703, the current tool face position is determined by combining the real-time position of each throttle hole with the marked directional bend joint position.

[0193] Specifically, the pressure pulse waveform diagram corresponding to the optimal layout is preset in the ground data acquisition and analysis system. When the mechanical tool face measurement device is working, the uploaded pressure signal is analyzed in real time, and the pressure drop △P change spectrum is established after filtering and analyzing the pressure signal. The real-time pressure drop change spectrum of the working pressure signal is subjected to pattern recognition and comparative analysis with the waveform diagram preset in advance to determine the position of each throttle hole, and the current tool face position is determined in combination with the position of the directional bend joint marked before the tool is lowered into the well.

[0194] In one embodiment, the design requires that the center hole radius R1 is 5 mm, the throttle valve disc radius R2 is 70 mm, the number of equal-angle sectors m divided by the encoder disc based on the measurement accuracy is 12, the central angle θ of the equally divided sectors is 30°, the number of throttling holes n is 6, the pressure drop level j is 3, and the device itself allows a minimum throttling pressure drop P min The minimum allowable pressure drop step difference is 0.1MPa. min The maximum allowable pressure drop is 0.3 MPa. max The mechanical tool face measurement device has a flow density of 4 MPa and a flow density of 1000 kg / m 3 , The working displacement Q of the mechanical tool face measuring device is 30L / s.

[0195] (1) Calculate the circular throttle orifice radius and throttle orifice area allowed in the sector interval.

[0196] According to the formula, R min 4mm, R max is 12.8mm, where R sf Take 1.5mm.

[0197] According to the formula, A min 2.36mm 2 , A max 1161mm 2 .

[0198] (2) Determine the method of implementing the pressure pulse and the hole shape and radius of each throttling hole.

[0199]

[0200] Solving the equation gives:

[0201]

[0202] According to the minimum allowable throttling pressure difference such as flow density and flow velocity, the flow coefficient c is taken as 0.75, and then according to the following equation based on the pressure difference requirement:

[0203]

[0204] Solved:

[0205] d1=8.5, d2=12, d3=14.

[0206] After calculation and analysis, all throttling holes are circular and meet the requirements of circular throttling hole radius and throttling hole area allowed by the fan-shaped interval.

[0207] (3) Determine the layout of multiple groups of throttle holes on the throttle valve disc.

[0208] The throttle holes with diameters of d1=8.5, d2=12, and d3=14 are marked as No.1, No.2, and No.3 respectively, and the following 9 combinations can be obtained: 1-2-3-3-2-1, 1-2-3-3-1-2, 1-2-3-2-1-3, 1-2-3-2-3-1, 1-2-3-1-3-2, 1-3-2-3-2-1, 1-3-2-3-1-2, 1-3-2-2-1-3, 1-3-2-2-3-1.

[0209] The frequency of the ground data acquisition and analysis system is 1000HZ, and the throttling pressure drop changes of throttling holes 1, 2, and 3 are calculated using a speed of 1RPM. Figure 8 shown.

[0210] (4) Determine the optimal layout and determine the current tool face position.

[0211] According to the designed 9 groups of combinations, the pressure change curves of each combination were drawn respectively. After numerical simulation and flow test of simple coding disk, 1-3-2-3-1-2 was determined to be the optimal layout. Then the waveform change curve of the optimal layout was drawn. The tool face position when cutting the first throttle hole is 0, and the waveform corresponds to the tool face as follows: Fig. 9 shown.

[0212] Will Fig. 9 The pressure pulse waveform chart is preset in the ground data acquisition and analysis system. In actual application, the position of the tool face can be monitored in real time through data filtering / pattern recognition and other methods.

[0213] The present invention establishes a throttle hole optimization layout method and a tool face accurate measurement method for circular and annular throttle holes for dynamic throttle pressure drop calculation and analysis. The present invention meets the requirements for the optimization design of a mechanical tool face measurement device and the tool face measurement during use. First, the key parameters of the measurement device design are obtained, and the maximum and minimum throttle hole diameters, the maximum and minimum throttle hole equivalent areas, etc. allowed by the encoding mechanism are calculated and analyzed; then, the size and shape of each throttle hole are calculated according to key parameters such as the number, size and pressure drop setting of the throttle holes; then, the arrangement and combination of different throttle holes are determined by calculation and analysis, and the optimal and most easily identifiable throttle hole layout method is selected by theoretical calculation, numerical simulation, experiment, etc., and then the pressure change waveform plate of the switching process of each throttle hole of the entire encoding disk is drawn; finally, the pressure waveform plate is preset in the ground data acquisition system, and the tool face can be accurately identified by data filtering, pattern recognition and other technologies.

[0214] The present invention provides a scientific design process for the key coding mechanism of the mechanical tool face measurement device. The method can greatly accelerate the device design and accurate measurement of the tool face, solving the tool face measurement problem in directional drilling in ultra-high temperature formations.

[0215] Fig.10 The structure block diagram of the throttle hole optimization design and tool face recognition device according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown. Fig.10 As shown, the identification device 1000 includes a first module 1001 , a second module 1002 , a third module 1003 and a fourth module 1004 .

[0216] The first module is used to calculate the circular throttle hole radius and throttle hole area allowed in the sector interval based on the basic parameters of the mechanical tool face measurement device.

[0217] The second module is used to determine the implementation method of the pressure pulse and the hole shape and radius of each throttling hole based on the number of throttling holes and the pressure drop level, combined with the circular throttling hole radius and throttling hole area allowed by the sector interval.

[0218] The third module is used to arrange and combine all throttle holes, determine multiple layouts of throttle holes on the throttle valve disc, and draw a pressure pulse waveform chart corresponding to each layout during the flow process.

[0219] The fourth module is used to select the layout with the strongest pressure fluctuation and the highest recognition between the throttling holes as the optimal layout, and determine the real-time position of each throttling hole through the real-time pressure drop change map to determine the current tool face position.

[0220] In summary, the throttle hole optimization design and tool face identification method and device provided by the present invention can quickly realize the optimization design of its encoding mechanism according to the working environment and measurement accuracy requirements of the mechanical tool face measuring device; the tool face measurement can be quickly and accurately achieved through the preset pressure waveform preset template, which can provide basic support for the design and use of the mechanical tool face measuring device.

[0221] It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are not limited to the specific structures, processing steps or materials disclosed herein, but should be extended to equivalent substitutions of these features understood by ordinary technicians in the relevant field. It should also be understood that the terms used herein are only used for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not meant to be limiting.

[0222] The "one embodiment" or "embodiment" mentioned in the specification means that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the phrases "one embodiment" or "embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

[0223] Although the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are as above, the contents described are only embodiments adopted for facilitating the understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any technician in the technical field to which the present invention belongs can make any modifications and changes in the form and details of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed in the present invention, but the patent protection scope of the present invention shall still be subject to the scope defined in the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the design of a throttle hole and identifying a tool face, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Based on the basic parameters of the mechanical tool face measurement device, the radius and area of ​​the circular throttle hole allowed in the sector interval are calculated; Step 2: Based on the number of throttle holes and the pressure drop level, combined with the circular throttle hole radius and throttle hole area allowed in the fan-shaped interval, determine the implementation method of the pressure pulse and the hole shape and radius of each throttle hole; Step 3: Arrange and combine all throttle holes, determine multiple layouts of throttle holes on the throttle valve disc, and draw a pressure pulse waveform chart corresponding to each layout during the flow process; Step 4: Select the layout with the strongest pressure fluctuation and the highest recognition between the throttle holes as the optimal layout, and determine the real-time position of each throttle hole through the real-time pressure drop change map to determine the current tool face position; The step 2 specifically includes the following steps: In the positive pulse implementation mode, when the number of throttle holes n is an even number, the pressure drop level j = n / 2, and the throttle holes on the throttle valve disc have j+1 combinations, and the corresponding equivalent diameters of the encoding disc are D0, D1, D2, ... D j ; The equivalent diameter of the encoder disc for each combination is determined by the following expression: Where D0 represents the equivalent diameter of the encoder disc when the throttle hole is not blocked; D i represents the equivalent diameter of the encoder disc in the i-th combination, i = 1, 2, ... j; ρ represents the fluid density; c represents the flow coefficient; P min Indicates the minimum allowable throttling pressure drop; Q indicates the working displacement; △P1, △P2, ... △P j Indicates the throttling pressure drop corresponding to each pressure drop level; Set up the system of equations: n is an even number Among them, d1, d2, ... d j Indicates the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole corresponding to each pressure drop level; The least squares solution obtained by solving the equation system is verified and analyzed to obtain a solution to the equation system that passes the verification analysis, wherein the solution to the equation system is obtained using the following expression: n is an even number Wherein, k = 1, 2, ..., j; Determine whether the solution of the set of equations meets the requirements of the circular throttling hole radius and throttling hole area allowed by the fan-shaped interval; if so, use the solution of the set of equations as the throttling hole equivalent diameter corresponding to each throttling pressure drop level; if the throttling hole equivalent diameter corresponding to the current pressure drop level is less than the minimum allowable diameter, the hole shape is annular.

2. The throttle hole optimization design and tool face identification method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 1 specifically includes the following steps: Based on the central angle of the sector, the radius of the center hole, and the safe distance between the throttling hole and the center hole, the minimum allowable radius of the circular throttling hole is calculated; Based on the central angle of the sector, the radius of the throttle disc and the safety distance from the outer edge of the disc, the maximum allowable radius of the circular throttle hole is calculated; Based on the central angle of the sector and the safe distance between the throttling hole and the center hole, the minimum allowable throttling hole area is calculated; The maximum allowable throttling hole area is calculated based on the central angle of the sector, the radius of the center hole, the radius of the throttling valve disc, and the safety distance from the outer edge of the valve disc.

3. The throttle hole optimization design and tool face identification method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 2 specifically includes the following steps: It is determined whether the solution of the equation group meets the requirements of the circular throttle hole radius and throttle hole area allowed by the sector interval; if not, the throttle hole equivalent diameter corresponding to each pressure drop level is calculated under the negative pulse implementation mode.

4. The throttle hole optimization design and tool face identification method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step 2 specifically includes the following steps: When the hole shape is annular, the inner radius and outer radius of the annular throttle hole are calculated by the center hole radius, the safety distance between the throttle hole and the center hole, and the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole corresponding to the current pressure drop level; If the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole corresponding to the current pressure drop level is greater than the minimum allowable diameter and less than the maximum allowable diameter, the hole shape is circular, and the throttle hole radius is calculated by the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole corresponding to the current pressure drop level; If the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole corresponding to the current pressure drop level is greater than the maximum allowable diameter, the hole type is annular, and the inner radius and outer radius of the annular throttle hole are calculated by the radius of the flow valve disc, the safety distance from the outer edge of the valve disc, and the equivalent diameter of the throttle hole corresponding to the current pressure drop level.

5. The throttle hole optimization design and tool face identification method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the number of throttle holes is an even number, the step three specifically includes the following steps: Selecting a marked throttle hole, and arranging and combining the remaining throttle holes except the marked throttle hole to obtain a plurality of permutations and combinations, and sequentially arranging them behind the marked throttle hole, to obtain a first layout including a plurality of layouts; The plurality of permutations and combinations obtained by permuting and combining all the throttle holes are used as the second layout; Based on the arrangement and combination of the first layout and the second layout, multiple groups of layouts of throttle holes on the throttle valve disc are obtained.

6. The throttle hole optimization design and tool face identification method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the number of throttle holes is an odd number, the step three specifically includes the following steps: Selecting a marked throttle hole, and arranging and combining the remaining throttle holes except the marked throttle hole to obtain a plurality of permutations and combinations, and sequentially arranging them behind the marked throttle hole, to obtain a third layout including a plurality of layouts; In the third layout, two different permutations and combinations are selected, sorted, and arranged behind the marked throttle holes to obtain multiple groups of layouts of throttle holes on the throttle valve disc.

7. The throttle hole optimization design and tool face identification method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step three specifically includes the following steps: The throttling area and throttling pressure drop of each throttling hole are calculated through the hole shape and radius of each throttling hole; Based on the selected working state speed and time interval, calculate the pressure drop change of each throttling hole in the process of full open-full close-full open; According to the pressure drop change results of pressure throttling, a pressure drop change chart of each throttling hole is drawn with the time axis as the horizontal axis and the pressure drop as the vertical axis to obtain the pressure pulse waveform chart corresponding to each layout.

8. The throttle hole optimization design and tool face identification method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 4 specifically includes the following steps: Using the pressure pulse waveform diagram corresponding to the optimal layout as a preset diagram, receiving the real-time pressure signal when the mechanical tool face measuring device is working; Performing filtering analysis on the real-time pressure signal to establish the real-time pressure drop variation map, performing pattern recognition and comparative analysis with the preset map, and determining the real-time position of each throttle hole; The current tool face position is determined by the real-time position of each throttle hole combined with the marked directional bend joint position.

9. A throttle hole optimization design and tool face identification device, characterized in that: The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is performed, wherein the device comprises: The first module is used to calculate the circular throttle hole radius and throttle hole area allowed in the sector interval based on the basic parameters of the mechanical tool face measurement device; The second module is used to determine the implementation method of the pressure pulse and the hole shape and radius of each throttle hole based on the number of throttle holes and the pressure drop level, combined with the circular throttle hole radius and throttle hole area allowed in the fan-shaped interval; The third module is used to arrange and combine all throttle holes, determine multiple layouts of throttle holes on the throttle valve disc, and draw a pressure pulse waveform chart corresponding to each layout during the flow process; The fourth module is used to select the layout with the strongest pressure fluctuation and the highest recognition between the throttling holes as the optimal layout, and determine the real-time position of each throttling hole through the real-time pressure drop change map to determine the current tool face position.

Images