A customized intercondylar femoral osteotome

Abstract

The present invention provides a customized intercondylar femoral osteotome, which belongs to the field of knee replacement surgical instruments, including a four-directional guide plate, an inner and outer positioning plate, an inner and outer limiting column and an inner and outer nail channel. The four-directional guide plate is used to realize osteotomy operations in four directions, and the inner and outer positioning plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides thereof, and the inner and outer limiting columns are fixed on the inner and outer positioning plates. At the same time, the inner and outer limiting columns are distributed on both sides of the four-directional guide plate, and the inner and outer nail channels are distributed on the inner and outer positioning plates, and the nail channels on the same side are arranged on different sagittal planes. The present invention has a simple structure, convenient operation, high positioning accuracy, and is convenient for repeated design and manufacturing, which effectively reduces the design difficulty and reduces the cost. At the same time, the present invention can not only realize osteotomy operations in four directions, but also minimize the volume of parts while ensuring the function and mechanical properties, and reduce the material loss during the printing process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of knee replacement surgical instruments, and in particular relates to a customized femoral intercondylar osteotome. Background Art

[0002] In knee replacement surgery, intercondylar osteotomy is a common surgical procedure. Depending on the difference in the structure of the femoral prosthesis, the shape of the intercondylar osteotomy will also be different, but osteotomy operations in the horizontal and anterior oblique directions are usually performed during the operation. The existing technical solutions are based on traditional manufacturing technology. The design of osteotomy instruments usually splits the intercondylar osteotomy steps and integrates them into a multifunctional osteotomy navigation device. This design method is very mature and has been verified by the market.

[0003] However, for personalized knee implant surgery, since the prosthesis is designed according to the structure and damage of the patient's knee joint, the intraoperative osteotomy plan will also be changed according to different patients, so personalized surgical instruments are needed to assist osteotomy during the operation. At present, additive manufacturing technology is usually used to produce personalized surgical instruments, but the design method and structural characteristics of traditional surgical instruments are usually not suitable for direct printing. The main reasons are as follows: ① The osteotomy groove design of the multifunctional osteotomy instrument is complex, and there are many slotting directions and intersections. It is difficult to ensure the balanced printing quality of each osteotomy groove by additive manufacturing of this structure, and subsequent processing steps need to be added; ② Traditional instruments are large in size, and the use of additive manufacturing will cause material waste and increase costs; ③ Personalized surgical instruments need to be designed and adjusted according to the individual characteristics of the patient. The structure of traditional intercondylar osteotomy instruments is complex, and repeated design is difficult and costly.

[0004] The adoption of personalized design concepts and additive manufacturing processing methods requires a technical solution that can solve the problems of complex structure, cumbersome operation process and high manufacturing cost of intercondylar osteotomy navigation instruments in knee replacement surgery. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a customized femoral intercondylar osteotome that can solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: a customized femoral intercondylar osteotome comprises a four-directional guide plate, an inner and outer positioning plate, an inner and outer limiting column and an inner and outer nail channel, wherein the four-directional guide plate is used to realize osteotomy operations in four directions, and the inner and outer positioning plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides thereof, the inner and outer limiting columns are fixed on the inner and outer positioning plates, and the inner and outer limiting columns are distributed on both sides of the four-directional guide plate, the inner and outer nail channels are distributed on the inner and outer positioning plates, and the nail channels on the same side are arranged on different sagittal planes.

[0007] Furthermore, an inner boss is extended along the horizontal direction at the outer wall edge of the medial intercondylar osteotomy guide plate, and an outer boss is extended along the horizontal direction at the outer wall edge of the lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the wall heights of the medial intercondylar osteotomy guide plate and the lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate are 8-20 mm respectively;

[0009] The edges of the intercondylar horizontal osteotomy guide plate, the intercondylar anterior oblique osteotomy guide plate and the medial intercondylar osteotomy guide plate are respectively provided with a gap of 1-2 mm;

[0010] The edges of the intercondylar horizontal osteotomy guide plate, the intercondylar anterior oblique osteotomy guide plate and the lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate are respectively provided with a gap of 1-2 mm.

[0011] Furthermore, the four-direction guide plate is composed of a horizontal intercondylar osteotomy guide plate, an anterior intercondylar oblique osteotomy guide plate, a medial intercondylar osteotomy guide plate and a lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate to form a symmetrical structure in the shape of a rectangular frame. One end of the medial intercondylar osteotomy guide plate is connected to the lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate through a posterior wall plate, and the other end is connected to the lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate through the horizontally arranged horizontal intercondylar osteotomy guide plate. The rear end of the anterior intercondylar oblique osteotomy guide plate is connected to the posterior wall plate through a horizontal cross plate, and its front end is arranged to be tilted forward.

[0012] Furthermore, the medial and lateral positioning plates include a medial horizontal positioning plate, a medial anterior oblique positioning plate, a lateral horizontal positioning plate and a lateral anterior oblique positioning plate. The medial horizontal positioning plate and the medial anterior oblique positioning plate are connected and form an angle at the connection point, and their lower end surfaces are respectively flush with the lower end surface of the medial intercondylar osteotomy guide plate. The lateral horizontal positioning plate and the lateral anterior oblique positioning plate are connected and form an angle at the connection point, and their lower end surfaces are respectively flush with the lower end surface of the lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the inner and outer limiting columns include an inner limiting column and an outer limiting column, and both the inner limiting column and the outer limiting column are conical columnar structures, and the outer surfaces of the inner limiting column and the outer limiting column inserted into the bone part have a rounded transition.

[0014] Furthermore, the inner limiting column and the outer limiting column are respectively thin-walled structures.

[0015] Furthermore, groove structures are respectively provided at the ports of the inner limiting column and the outer limiting column to indicate the positions of the inner limiting column and the outer limiting column.

[0016] Furthermore, the medial and lateral nail channels include a medial horizontal plane nail channel, a lateral horizontal plane nail channel and a lateral anterior bevel nail channel. The medial horizontal plane nail channel is arranged on the medial horizontal positioning plate, the lateral horizontal plane nail channel is arranged on the lateral horizontal positioning plate, and the lateral anterior bevel nail channel is arranged on the lateral anterior bevel positioning plate. At the same time, the installation positions of the lateral horizontal plane nail channel and the lateral anterior bevel nail channel are arranged on different sagittal planes.

[0017] Furthermore, the nail channel depth of the inner and outer nail channels is 3-5 mm greater than the thickness of the inner and outer positioning plates.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the customized femoral intercondylar osteotome described in the present invention has the following advantages:

[0019] (1) The present invention has a sheet metal-like structure as a whole, which greatly reduces the volume of parts while ensuring the function and mechanical properties, and reduces the material loss during the printing process;

[0020] (2) The four-way guide plate in the middle is a symmetrical structure in the shape of a rectangular frame, which can realize osteotomy operations in four directions. During the osteotomy process, the rectangular frame reasonably limits the swing range of the tool to avoid damaging excess bone;

[0021] (3) The structure is simple and easy to design repeatedly, which effectively reduces the design difficulty and also reduces the cost;

[0022] (4) The present invention can achieve good coverage after the guide plate is accurately placed during surgery, ensure balanced pressure on the bone surface during osteotomy, and enhance the stability of the guide plate;

[0023] (5) The presence of the inner and outer limit columns enables rapid positioning during surgery and prevents the guide plate from shifting during the nail placement process. The operation is simple and the positioning accuracy is high.

[0024] (6) The present invention has a simple structure and low design difficulty, and is suitable for traditional processing methods as well as additive manufacturing processing methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a customized intercondylar femoral osteotome according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 For Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the customized intercondylar femoral osteotome from different angles;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a front view of the customized intercondylar femoral osteotome according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 A top view of the customized intercondylar femoral osteotome according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Middle AA section view;

[0031] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of placing the customized intercondylar femoral osteotome according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a front view of the placement effect of the customized intercondylar femoral osteotome according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Description of reference numerals:

[0034] Four-direction guide plates: 10, horizontal intercondylar osteotomy guide plate; 20, anterior intercondylar oblique osteotomy guide plate; 30, medial intercondylar osteotomy guide plate; 40, lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate;

[0035] 210, horizontal cross plate; 220, rear side wall plate;

[0036] Inner and outer positioning plates: 320, inner horizontal positioning plate; 330, inner front oblique positioning plate; 420, outer horizontal positioning plate; 430, outer front oblique positioning plate;

[0037] Inner and outer bosses: 310, inner boss; 410, outer boss;

[0038] Inner and outer limit columns: 321, inner limit column; 421, outer limit column;

[0039] Medial and lateral nail channels: 322, medial horizontal plane nail channel; 422, lateral horizontal plane nail channel; 431, lateral anterior bevel nail channel;

[0040] Osteotomy device placement: 100, horizontal osteotomy surface of distal femur; 101, medial limiting hole; 102, lateral limiting hole; 200, anterior oblique osteotomy surface of femur. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0042] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and the like are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", and the like may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0044] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.

[0045] like Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, the present invention is a customized intercondylar femoral osteotome, including a four-directional guide plate, an inner and outer positioning plate, an inner and outer limiting column and an inner and outer nail channel. The four-directional guide plate is used to realize osteotomy operations in four directions, and the inner and outer positioning plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides thereof. The inner and outer limiting columns are fixed on the inner and outer positioning plates, and the inner and outer limiting columns are distributed on both sides of the four-directional guide plate. The inner and outer nail channels are distributed on the inner and outer positioning plates, and the nail channels on the same side are arranged on different sagittal planes. The present invention is in the style of a sheet metal structure as a whole, and the thickness of the plate structure in each region ranges from 1 to 3 mm. The volume of the parts is minimized while ensuring the functions and mechanical properties, and the material loss during the printing process is reduced.

[0046] The outer wall edge of the medial intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 30 has a medial boss 310 extending in the horizontal direction, and the outer wall edge of the lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 40 has a lateral boss 410 extending in the horizontal direction, which is convenient for clamping during surgery.

[0047] The wall heights of the medial intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 30 and the lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 40 are respectively 8-20 mm; the edges of the horizontal intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 10 and the anterior intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 20 and the medial intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 30 are respectively provided with gaps of 1-2 mm; the edges of the horizontal intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 10 and the anterior intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 20 and the lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 40 are respectively provided with gaps of 1-2 mm, reserving sufficient travel for the tool.

[0048] The four-direction guide plate is composed of a horizontal intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 10, an anterior intercondylar oblique osteotomy guide plate 20, a medial intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 30 and a lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 40, forming a symmetrical structure in the shape of a rectangular frame, which can realize osteotomy operations in four directions. During the osteotomy process, the rectangular frame limits the swing range of the tool to avoid damaging excess bone. One end of the medial intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 30 is connected to the lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 40 through the rear wall plate 220. The other end is connected to the lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 40 through the horizontally arranged intercondylar horizontal osteotomy guide plate 10, and the rear end of the intercondylar anterior oblique osteotomy guide plate 20 is connected to the posterior wall plate 220 through the horizontal cross plate 210. At the same time, its front end is tilted forward, and the tilt angle is determined according to the prosthesis structure or preoperative planning. After the intraoperative placement is completed, the front edge of the intercondylar anterior oblique osteotomy guide plate 20 is suspended and retains a 0.5mm gap with the distal femoral horizontal osteotomy surface 100.

[0049] The medial and lateral positioning plates include a medial horizontal positioning plate 320, a medial anterior oblique positioning plate 330, a lateral horizontal positioning plate 420 and a lateral anterior oblique positioning plate 430. The medial horizontal positioning plate 320 and the medial anterior oblique positioning plate 330 are connected and an angle is formed at the connection point, and the lower end surfaces of the two are respectively flush with the lower end surface of the medial intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 30. The lateral horizontal positioning plate 420 and the lateral anterior oblique positioning plate 430 are connected and an angle is formed at the connection point, and the lower end surfaces of the two are respectively flush with the lower end surface of the lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 40. The edge contour shape of the inner and outer positioning plates is individually designed according to the contour shape of the patient's osteotomy surface. After the guide plate is accurately placed during the operation, good coverage can be achieved. This personalized design can ensure the balance of bone surface pressure during the osteotomy process and enhance the stability of the guide plate. Personalized design refers to extracting the patient's anatomical dimensions for design. Because personalized design is customized for each patient, repeated design work is inevitable, so it is very necessary to simplify the structure. The present invention has a simple structure and is easy to repeat. The design difficulty is effectively reduced, while reducing costs.

[0050] The inner and outer limiting columns include an inner limiting column 321 and an outer limiting column 421. Both the inner limiting column 321 and the outer limiting column 421 are conical columnar structures. At the same time, the outer surfaces of the inner limiting column 321 and the outer limiting column 421 inserted into the bone part have a rounded transition, which effectively avoids damage to the bone when placing the guide plate and facilitates the removal of the guide plate.

[0051] The inner limiting column 321 and the outer limiting column 421 are thin-walled structures respectively.

[0052] The ports of the inner limiting column 321 and the outer limiting column 421 are respectively provided with groove structures for indicating the positions of the inner limiting column 321 and the outer limiting column 421. The existence of the inner and outer limiting columns can realize rapid positioning during surgery and prevent the guide plate from being offset during the nail placement process, which is simple to operate and has high positioning accuracy.

[0053] The inner and outer nail channels include an inner horizontal plane nail channel 322, an outer horizontal plane nail channel 422 and an outer anterior bevel nail channel 431. The inner horizontal plane nail channel 322 is arranged on the inner horizontal positioning plate 320, the outer horizontal plane nail channel 422 is arranged on the outer horizontal positioning plate 420, and the outer anterior bevel nail channel 431 is arranged on the outer anterior bevel positioning plate 430. At the same time, the installation positions of the outer horizontal plane nail channel 422 and the outer anterior bevel nail channel 431 are arranged on different sagittal planes to avoid interference with each other. The inner and outer nail channels are used for bone screw guidance.

[0054] The nail channel depth of the inner and outer nail channels is 3-5 mm greater than the thickness of the inner and outer positioning plates, which is convenient for improving the guiding accuracy.

[0055] The present invention is applicable to the intercondylar osteotomy process after the osteotomy operations in five directions of the distal femur are completed in knee replacement surgery; the present invention is only applicable to knee replacement surgery with a femoral prosthesis with an intercondylar structure and requiring intercondylar osteotomy; the structure involved in the present invention is applicable to customized surgery and customized knee prostheses, and is applicable to metal or non-metal additive manufacturing technology.

[0056] In the actual working process, during knee replacement surgery, after completing the osteotomy operations in five directions of the femur, the customized femoral intercondylar osteotome described in the present invention is installed. During the installation process, the medial boss 310 and the lateral boss 410 of the instrument are clamped, and it is ensured that the medial and lateral limiting columns are fully inserted into the medial limiting hole 101 and the lateral limiting hole 102 of the distal femoral horizontal osteotomy surface 100; after the installation is completed, the medial and lateral positioning plates are tightly fitted with the distal femoral horizontal osteotomy surface 100, and the medial anterior oblique positioning plate 330 and the lateral anterior oblique positioning plate 430 are tightly fitted with the anterior oblique femoral osteotomy surface 200, respectively. ; Then, bone screws are inserted along the medial horizontal plane screw channel 322, the lateral horizontal plane screw channel 422 and the lateral anterior bevel screw channel 431 to fix the instrument; the osteotomy tool is respectively attached to the medial intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 30 and the lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 40 to perform osteotomy, and the entry position starts from the rear side of the medial intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 30 and the lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 40 and moves to the front side to complete the medial and lateral intercondylar osteotomy operation; the anterior intercondylar bevel osteotomy guide plate 20 and the horizontal intercondylar osteotomy guide plate 10 are attached in sequence to perform the anterior intercondylar bevel osteotomy and the horizontal intercondylar osteotomy operation to remove the intercondylar bone tissue. After completing the above four directions of osteotomy, the bone screws are removed, and the osteotome is removed to complete the intercondylar osteotomy operation.

[0057] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A customized intercondylar femoral osteotome, characterized in that: It comprises a four-directional guide plate, an inner and outer positioning plate, an inner and outer limiting column and an inner and outer nail channel. The four-directional guide plate is used to realize osteotomy operations in four directions. The inner and outer positioning plates are arranged on the inner and outer sides thereof. The inner and outer limiting columns are fixed on the inner and outer positioning plates. Meanwhile, the inner and outer limiting columns are distributed on both sides of the four-directional guide plate. The inner and outer nail channels are distributed on the inner and outer positioning plates, and the nail channels on the same side are arranged on different sagittal planes. The four-direction guide plate is composed of a horizontal intercondylar osteotomy guide plate (10), an anterior intercondylar oblique osteotomy guide plate (20), a medial intercondylar osteotomy guide plate (30) and a lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate (40) to form a symmetrical structure in the shape of a rectangular frame. One end of the medial intercondylar osteotomy guide plate (30) is connected to the lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate (40) through a posterior wall plate (220), and the other end is connected to the lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate (40) through the horizontally arranged horizontal intercondylar osteotomy guide plate (10). The rear end of the anterior intercondylar oblique osteotomy guide plate (20) is connected to the posterior wall plate (220) through a horizontal cross plate (210), and its front end is arranged to be tilted forward. The outer wall edge of the medial intercondylar osteotomy guide plate (30) extends in the horizontal direction with an inner boss (310), and the outer wall edge of the lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate (40) extends in the horizontal direction with an outer boss (410); The medial and lateral positioning plates include a medial horizontal positioning plate (320), a medial anterior oblique positioning plate (330), a lateral horizontal positioning plate (420) and a lateral anterior oblique positioning plate (430); the medial horizontal positioning plate (320) and the medial anterior oblique positioning plate (330) are connected and an angle is formed between the two at the connection point, and the lower end surfaces of the two are respectively flush with the lower end surface of the medial intercondylar osteotomy guide plate (30); the lateral horizontal positioning plate (420) and the lateral anterior oblique positioning plate (430) are connected and an angle is formed between the two at the connection point, and the lower end surfaces of the two are respectively flush with the lower end surface of the lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate (40).

2. The customized intercondylar femoral osteotome according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wall heights of the medial intercondylar osteotomy guide plate (30) and the lateral intercondylar osteotomy guide plate (40) are 8-20 mm respectively; The edges of the intercondylar horizontal osteotomy guide plate (10), the intercondylar anterior oblique osteotomy guide plate (20) and the intercondylar medial osteotomy guide plate (30) are respectively provided with a gap of 1-2 mm; The edges of the intercondylar horizontal osteotomy guide plate (10), the intercondylar anterior oblique osteotomy guide plate (20) and the intercondylar lateral osteotomy guide plate (40) are respectively provided with a gap of 1-2 mm.

3. The customized intercondylar femoral osteotome according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner and outer limiting columns include an inner limiting column (321) and an outer limiting column (421), and both the inner limiting column (321) and the outer limiting column (421) are conical columnar structures. At the same time, the outer surfaces of the inner limiting column (321) and the outer limiting column (421) inserted into the bone part have a rounded transition.

4. The customized intercondylar femoral osteotome according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner limiting column (321) and the outer limiting column (421) are respectively thin-walled structures.

5. The customized intercondylar femoral osteotome according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ports of the inner limiting column (321) and the outer limiting column (421) are respectively provided with groove structures for indicating the positions of the inner limiting column (321) and the outer limiting column (421).

6. The customized intercondylar femoral osteotome according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner and outer nail channels include an inner horizontal plane nail channel (322), an outer horizontal plane nail channel (422) and an outer anterior bevel nail channel (431); the inner horizontal plane nail channel (322) is arranged on the inner horizontal positioning plate (320); the outer horizontal plane nail channel (422) is arranged on the outer horizontal positioning plate (420); the outer anterior bevel nail channel (431) is arranged on the outer anterior bevel positioning plate (430); and the installation positions of the outer horizontal plane nail channel (422) and the outer anterior bevel nail channel (431) are arranged on different sagittal planes.

7. The customized intercondylar femoral osteotome according to claim 6, characterized in that: The nail channel depth of the inner and outer nail channels is 3-5 mm greater than the thickness of the inner and outer positioning plates.

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