A special instrument for geographical surveying and mapping, surveying and mapping method and application

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of geographic surveying and mapping technology, specifically, a special instrument for geographic surveying and mapping, a surveying and mapping method and an application thereof, comprising a surveying and mapping base; a surveying and mapping instrument, the surveying and mapping instrument being located on the upper surface of the surveying and mapping base and being used for geographic surveying and mapping; a surveying and mapping bracket, the surveying and mapping bracket being located below the surveying and mapping base and being composed of three legs, the legs being hingedly mounted on the lower surface of the surveying and mapping base; the present invention is characterized in that it also comprises: an anti-sinking unit, the anti-sinking unit being located at the lower end of the legs, the anti-sinking unit being used to prevent the legs from self-sinking due to their own gravity during long-term surveying and mapping work; the present invention has a simple structure and can increase the contact area between the legs of the surveying and mapping bracket and the ground, thereby preventing the special instrument for geographic surveying and mapping from self-sinking during surveying and mapping on soft soil, thereby affecting the surveying and mapping accuracy and the surveying and mapping results, and also preventing the special instrument for geographic surveying and mapping from tilting during the surveying and mapping process and damaging the instrument.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of geographic surveying and mapping technology, and specifically relates to a special instrument for geographic surveying and mapping, a surveying and mapping method and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Geographic surveying and mapping refers to the measurement, collection and mapping of the shape, size, spatial position and attributes of natural geographical elements or artificial facilities on the surface.

[0003] Geographic surveying and mapping instruments are professional instruments used by surveyors when conducting surveying and mapping work. However, since geographic surveying and mapping instruments are relatively precise and expensive, improper use or installation by surveyors may lead to problems such as damage to the surveying and mapping instruments and low accuracy. At the same time, surveyors often carry surveying and mapping instruments to conduct geographic surveying and mapping work in different geographical environments.

[0004] When geographers conduct surveying and mapping work in mountainous areas or on some moist and loose land, the surveying and mapping instruments may sink into the soft soil or tilt due to unstable fixing during installation. In the prior art, surveying and mapping instruments often use sharp legs directly inserted into the soil to prevent the surveying and mapping instruments from sinking into the soil. However, after the legs are directly inserted into the soil, since the overall geographic surveying and mapping requires a long time to collect and summarize the surveying and mapping information, the special surveying and mapping instrument is placed at the surveying and mapping point for a long time. During this period of time, the legs may still sink into the soft soil under the action of the surveying and mapping instrument's own gravity, which causes surveying and mapping errors in the surveying and mapping instrument and inaccurate measurement accuracy. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to make up for the shortcomings of the prior art and solve the problem that the legs of the surveying and mapping instrument may still sink into the soft soil under the action of the surveying and mapping instrument's own gravity, which causes surveying and mapping errors in the surveying and mapping instrument and makes the measurement accuracy inaccurate, the present invention proposes a special instrument for geographic surveying and mapping, a surveying and mapping method and an application.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a special instrument for geographical surveying and mapping, comprising:

[0007] Surveying base;

[0008] A surveying and mapping instrument, the surveying and mapping instrument is located on the upper surface of the surveying and mapping base, and the surveying and mapping instrument is used for geographical surveying and mapping;

[0009] A surveying and mapping bracket, the surveying and mapping bracket is located below the surveying and mapping base, the surveying and mapping bracket is composed of three legs, and the legs are hingedly mounted on the lower surface of the surveying and mapping base;

[0010] It is characterized by further comprising:

[0011] An anti-sinking unit, located at the lower end of the frame leg, and used to prevent the frame leg from self-sinking due to its own gravity during long-term surveying and mapping work;

[0012] Preferably, the anti-sinking unit comprises:

[0013] An installation cavity, the installation cavity is located inside the frame leg, and the installation cavity is close to the bottom end of the frame leg;

[0014] An anti-sinking airbag, the anti-sinking airbag is located in the installation cavity, there are multiple anti-sinking airbags, an inflation port is provided on the anti-sinking airbag, an air pipe is fixedly connected to the inflation port, the air pipe runs through the frame leg and is connected to an external air source, the anti-sinking airbag corresponds to the installation cavity one by one, and the anti-sinking airbag is in a round pancake shape after being filled with air;

[0015] Preferably, an elastic rubber ring is fixedly installed outside the anti-sinking airbag, and the elastic rubber ring covers the area where the mounting cavity is located on the frame leg, and the inner ring surface of the elastic rubber ring and the outer surface of the frame leg are in contact with each other before the anti-sinking airbag is inflated;

[0016] Preferably, the anti-sinking airbag is made of elastic cloth, and the outer side of the anti-sinking airbag is coated with a rubber coating;

[0017] Preferably, the anti-sinking unit is composed of an annular airbag, which is slidably mounted on the outer wall of the frame leg, and a tightening ring is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the annular airbag, and a tightening bolt is arranged inside the tightening ring;

[0018] Preferably, a plurality of micro-cone thorns are fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the outer side of the annular airbag, and the micro-cone thorns are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the annular airbag;

[0019] Preferably, the anti-sinking unit is composed of the anti-sinking air cushion, and the anti-sinking air cushion is located at the bottom end of the frame leg;

[0020] Preferably, the air cushion is hollow inside, a rubber block is fixedly installed at the bottom of the air cushion, an extrusion block is fixedly installed inside the rubber block, and the extrusion block is conical;

[0021] A geographical surveying and mapping method, comprising:

[0022] S1. When geographic surveying and mapping of a field environment is required, the surveying and mapping bracket of the geographic surveying and mapping instrument is opened, and then the legs of the surveying and mapping bracket are inserted into the ground;

[0023] S2, open the external air cylinder, connect the external air cylinder with the flushing and exhausting ports on the frame legs, fill the anti-sinking airbag with gas, make the anti-sinking airbag expand outward from the frame legs, and pop out of the frame legs, then continue to adjust the surveying and mapping support to insert into the ground, so that the anti-sinking airbag contacts the ground;

[0024] S3, start the surveying instrument, survey the surveying point, and record the surveying information of the surveying point. After the surveying is completed, exhaust the anti-sinking airbag, then pull out the surveying bracket upward, and recycle the surveying bracket;

[0025] A geographical surveying and mapping method application, wherein the geographical surveying and mapping method uses the above-mentioned geographical surveying and mapping method to perform surveying and mapping work, and the geographical surveying and mapping method is applied to perform surveying and mapping work at surveying points on soft and moist ground.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. The geographic surveying and mapping instrument described in the present invention is provided with an anti-sinking airbag, so that when the geographic surveying and mapping instrument is used for geographic surveying and mapping on soft ground, after the legs of the geographic surveying and mapping instrument are inserted into the ground, the anti-sinking airbag is controlled to expand and become larger, so that the anti-sinking airbag is in direct contact with the ground, thereby increasing the direct contact area between the legs of the geographic surveying and mapping instrument and the ground, thereby preventing the legs from sinking into the soil due to the gravity of the surveying and mapping instrument itself during the geographic surveying and mapping process, thereby causing the results of the surveying and mapping instrument to fluctuate during the surveying and mapping process, making the surveying and mapping results inaccurate and affecting the surveying and mapping accuracy, and also avoiding the surveying and mapping instrument from tilting due to unstable fixation during the surveying and mapping process, thereby damaging the surveying and mapping instrument.

[0028] 2. The special instrument for geographic surveying and mapping described in the present invention is provided with an elastic rubber ring so that after completing geographic surveying and mapping, the anti-sinking airbag is controlled to be exhausted. Since the elastic rubber ring is in contact with the outer surface of the anti-sinking airbag, when the anti-sinking airbag is exhausted, the elastic rubber ring shrinks toward the surface of the frame leg under the action of its own elastic force, thereby driving the anti-sinking airbag back into the frame leg of the surveying and mapping instrument, thereby avoiding the anti-sinking airbag being directly exposed to the outside world after exhausting after surveying and mapping is completed, causing the anti-sinking airbag to age under long-term use, or be damaged by external factors. At the same time, the elastic rubber ring presses the anti-sinking airbag back into the frame leg, which is also convenient for recovering and carrying the surveying and mapping instrument. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 is a structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the middle part;

[0034] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0035] Figure 6 yes Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0036] In the figure: a surveying and mapping base 1, a frame leg 2, a mounting cavity 21, a surveying and mapping instrument 3, an anti-sinking air bag 4, an elastic rubber ring 5, an annular air bag 6, a micro-cone thorn 61, an anti-sinking air cushion 7, a rubber block 71, and an extrusion block 711. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0038] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the geographic surveying and mapping instrument of the present invention comprises:

[0039] Surveying and mapping base 1;

[0040] A surveying and mapping instrument 3, the surveying and mapping instrument 3 is located on the upper surface of the surveying and mapping base 1, and the surveying and mapping instrument 3 is used for geographic surveying and mapping;

[0041] A surveying and mapping bracket, the surveying and mapping bracket is located below the surveying and mapping base 1, the surveying and mapping bracket is composed of three legs 2, and the legs 2 are hingedly mounted on the lower surface of the surveying and mapping base 1;

[0042] It is characterized by further comprising:

[0043] An anti-sinking unit, the anti-sinking unit is located at the lower end of the frame leg 2, and the anti-sinking unit is used to prevent the frame leg 2 from self-sinking due to its own gravity during long-term surveying and mapping work;

[0044] During operation, when geographic surveying is carried out at a surveying point on soft ground, the assembled geographic surveying instrument is first fixedly installed on the surveying point, the leg 2 on the surveying bracket is pressed downward into the soft ground, and then the anti-sinking unit is started and opened. At this time, since the anti-sinking unit is located at the lower end of the leg 2, when the anti-sinking unit is opened, the direct contact area between the anti-sinking unit and the ground is much larger than the direct contact area between the leg 2 and the ground. Therefore, when the anti-sinking unit is opened, the direct contact area between the surveying bracket and the soft ground is increased, thereby avoiding the surveying bracket from sinking into the soft ground under the action of the surveying instrument 3's own gravity during long-term continuous surveying, thereby affecting the surveying and mapping accuracy of the geographic surveying instrument and making the surveying and mapping results inaccurate or unusable. At the same time, since the anti-sinking unit is provided on the leg 2 of the surveying bracket, it is also avoided to carry an extra anti-sinking plate during geographic surveying, which increases the carrying weight of the surveying equipment and increases the workload of the surveying staff.

[0045] As a first embodiment of the present invention, the anti-sinking unit includes:

[0046] An installation cavity 21, the installation cavity 21 is located in the frame leg 2, and the installation cavity 21 is close to the bottom end of the frame leg 2;

[0047] The anti-sinking airbag 4 is located in the installation cavity 21. The anti-sinking airbag 4 is provided with an inflation port, and the inflation port is fixedly connected with an air pipe, which runs through the frame leg and is connected to an external air cylinder. The anti-sinking airbag 4 corresponds to the installation cavity 21 one by one. The anti-sinking airbag 4 is in a round pancake shape after being filled with air;

[0048] An elastic rubber ring 5 is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the frame leg 2, and the elastic rubber ring 5 covers the area where the mounting cavity 21 is located on the frame leg 5, and the inner ring surface of the elastic rubber ring 5 and the outer surface of the frame leg 2 are in contact with each other before the anti-sinking airbag 4 is inflated;

[0049] An elastic rubber ring 5 is fixedly mounted outside the anti-sinking airbag 4, and the inner ring surface of the elastic rubber ring 5 contacts the outer surface of the anti-sinking airbag 4. The inner ring of the elastic rubber ring 5 contacts the outer surface of the frame leg 2 in the initial state;

[0050] During operation, when geographic surveying is performed at a certain surveying point on soft ground, the geographic surveying instrument is fixedly installed on the surveying point, and the surveying bracket is pressed downward into the soft ground. At this time, since the anti-sinking unit is composed of the installation cavity 21 and the anti-sinking airbag 4, and the anti-sinking airbag 4 is located in the frame leg 2 of the surveying bracket, the external air cylinder is connected with the inflation port on the frame leg 2 of the surveying bracket, and gas is injected into the anti-sinking airbag 4 to expand the anti-sinking airbag 4, so that the anti-sinking airbag 4 pops out of the frame leg 2 of the surveying bracket and becomes a round cake. When the legs 2 of the surveying and mapping bracket are inserted downward into the soft ground, the anti-sinking airbags 4 move downward synchronously, so that the anti-sinking airbags 4 are in direct contact with the ground, thereby increasing the contact area between the surveying and mapping bracket and the soft ground, thereby preventing the surveying and mapping bracket from sinking downward due to the gravity of the geographic surveying and mapping instrument itself during a long period of surveying and mapping work, thereby causing the geographic surveying and mapping instrument to move downward synchronously, resulting in the surveying and mapping accuracy of the geographic surveying and mapping instrument being affected, the surveying and mapping results being inaccurate or unusable, and also avoiding the geographic surveying and mapping instrument from being unstable due to the unstable fixing of the surveying and mapping bracket. When the anti-sinking airbag 4 is recovered after the surveying is completed, since the elastic rubber ring 5 is arranged on the outside of the anti-sinking airbag 4, the anti-sinking airbag 4 is exhausted outwards after the surveying is completed, and the elastic rubber ring 5 shrinks under its own elastic force, thereby driving the anti-sinking airbag 4 to move into the installation cavity 21 during the exhaust, so that the anti-sinking airbag 4 is completely recovered into the installation cavity 21, thereby preventing the anti-sinking airbag 4 from being unable to shrink directly to the installation cavity 21 after the exhaust and getting stuck outside the frame leg 2, thereby causing the anti-sinking airbag 4 to be stuck outside the frame leg 2. At the same time, since the outer surface of the anti-sinking airbag 4 is coated with a rubber coating, when the anti-sinking airbag 4 is inflated and directly contacts the soft ground, the outer rubber coating directly contacts the ground, resulting in that the impurities on the ground cannot directly contact the anti-sinking airbag 4, thereby preventing the anti-sinking airbag 4 from being punctured by external impurities and leaking, resulting in the anti-sinking airbag 4 being unable to work normally, and then causing the special surveying and mapping instrument to self-sink or tilt under the action of its own gravity, affecting the use accuracy of the special geographic surveying and mapping instrument and damaging the special geographic surveying and mapping instrument.

[0051] As a second embodiment of the present invention, the anti-sinking unit is composed of an annular airbag 6, which is slidably mounted on the outer wall of the frame leg 2, and a tightening ring is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the annular airbag, and a tightening bolt is arranged inside the tightening ring;

[0052] A plurality of micro-cone spikes 61 are fixedly mounted on the lower outer surface of the annular airbag 6, and the micro-cone spikes 61 are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the annular airbag 6;

[0053] During operation, when surveying a surveying point on a soft ground, first slide the annular airbag 6 to the upper end of the surveying bracket leg 2, then fix the geographic surveying instrument on the surveying point, and insert the leg 2 into the soft ground. After the leg 2 is inserted into the soft ground, slide the annular airbag 6 downward to make the lower end of the annular airbag 6 contact the soft ground. Then, control the fastening bolts on the tightening ring at the upper end of the annular airbag 6 to be tightened inward, so that the annular airbag 6 and the leg 2 are in a relatively fixed state. At the same time, since the annular airbag 6 is in direct contact with the ground, the contact area between the surveying bracket and the ground is increased, thereby avoiding the surveying bracket from sinking downward or being unstable due to the gravity of the surveying instrument 3 itself during the long-term surveying process. Tilt occurs, which affects the surveying accuracy of the geographic surveying and mapping instrument, making the surveying results inaccurate or unusable, and damaging the geographic surveying and mapping instrument. At the same time, since a plurality of micro-cone thorns 61 are provided on the outer lower surface of the annular airbag 6, when the annular airbag 6 moves downward and contacts the ground, the micro-cone thorns 61 provided on the outer lower surface of the annular airbag 6 first contact the ground, so that the micro-cone thorns 61 penetrate downward into the soft ground, and then the annular airbag 6 and the soft ground are completely fixed, thereby ensuring that the annular airbag 6 is always in contact with the soft ground, thereby preventing the geographic surveying and mapping instrument from sinking into itself due to its own gravity, affecting the surveying and mapping accuracy, and causing the geographic surveying and mapping instrument to be damaged due to tilt.

[0054] As a third embodiment of the present invention, the anti-sinking unit is composed of the anti-sinking air cushion 7, and the anti-sinking air cushion 7 is located at the bottom end of the frame leg 2;

[0055] The anti-sinking air cushion 7 is hollow inside, a rubber block 71 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the anti-sinking air cushion 7, and an extrusion block 711 is fixedly installed inside the rubber block 71;

[0056] During operation, when surveying a surveying point on a soft ground, since the anti-sinking air cushion 7 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the surveying bracket leg 2, the surveying bracket is directly placed horizontally at the surveying point. At this time, the anti-sinking air cushion 7 fixedly installed at the bottom of the leg 2 is directly in contact with the soft ground, and air is inflated into the anti-sinking air cushion 7 to expand the anti-sinking air cushion 7, so that the surveying bracket is supported by the air cushion, and the contact area between the air cushion and the ground is much larger than the area where the leg 2 directly contacts the ground, thereby avoiding the surveying bracket from self-sinking under the action of the gravity of the surveying and mapping instrument itself, thereby ensuring the surveying and mapping accuracy and surveying results of the surveying and mapping instrument. At the same time, since a rubber block 71 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the air cushion, the rubber block 71 at the bottom of the air cushion is squeezed when the surveying bracket is fixed downward, so that the extrusion block 711 fixedly installed in the rubber block 71 is directly in contact with the ground, thereby penetrating into the ground, fixing the surveying and mapping bracket, thereby avoiding the geographic surveying and mapping instrument from tilting, causing damage to the geographic surveying and mapping instrument, and affecting the use of the geographic surveying and mapping instrument.

[0057] A geographical surveying and mapping method, comprising:

[0058] S1. When geographic surveying and mapping of a field environment is required, the surveying and mapping support of the geographic surveying and mapping instrument is opened, and then the surveying and mapping support leg 2 is inserted into the ground;

[0059] S2, open the external air cylinder, connect the external air cylinder with the inflation port on the frame leg 2, fill the anti-sinking airbag 4 with air, make the anti-sinking airbag 4 expand outward from the frame leg 2, pop out of the frame leg 2, then continue to adjust the surveying and mapping support to insert into the ground, make the anti-sinking airbag 4 contact with the ground;

[0060] S3, start the surveying instrument 3, survey the surveying point, and record the surveying information of the surveying point. After the surveying is completed, the anti-sinking airbag 4 is exhausted, and then the surveying bracket is pulled out upwards and the surveying bracket is recovered.

[0061] A geographical surveying and mapping method application, wherein the geographical surveying and mapping method uses the above-mentioned geographical surveying and mapping method to perform surveying and mapping work, and the geographical surveying and mapping method is applied to perform surveying and mapping work at surveying points on soft and moist ground.

[0062] The specific workflow is as follows:

[0063] Embodiment 1, when geographic surveying is performed on a certain surveying point on soft ground, the geographic surveying instrument is fixedly installed on the surveying point, and the surveying bracket is pressed downward into the soft ground. At this time, since the anti-sinking unit is composed of the installation cavity 21 and the anti-sinking airbag 4, and the anti-sinking airbag 4 is located in the leg 2 of the surveying bracket, an external air source is filled into the anti-sinking airbag 4 to expand the anti-sinking airbag 4, so that the anti-sinking airbag 4 pops out of the leg 2 of the surveying bracket. At this time, while the leg 2 of the surveying bracket is inserted downward into the soft ground, the anti-sinking airbag 4 moves downward synchronously, so that the anti-sinking airbag 4 directly contacts the ground, thereby increasing the contact area between the surveying bracket and the soft ground. When the surveying is completed, the anti-sinking airbag 4 is recovered. Since an elastic rubber ring 5 is arranged on the outside of the anti-sinking airbag 4, when the surveying is completed, the anti-sinking airbag 4 is exhausted outwards, and the elastic rubber ring 5 contracts under the action of its own elastic force, thereby driving the anti-sinking airbag 4 to move in the mounting cavity 21 during the exhaust, so that the anti-sinking airbag 4 is kept in the mounting cavity 21. At the same time, since a rubber coating is applied on the outer surface of the anti-sinking airbag 4, when the anti-sinking airbag 4 is expanded and directly contacts the soft ground, the outer rubber coating directly contacts the ground, thereby causing impurities on the ground to first contact the external rubber coating, and cannot contact the anti-sinking airbag 4 due to the elastic resistance of the rubber coating itself;

[0064] Embodiment 2: When surveying a certain surveying point on a soft ground, first slide the annular airbag 6 to the upper end of the surveying support leg 2, then fix the geographic surveying instrument on the surveying point, and insert the support leg 2 into the soft ground. After the support leg 2 is inserted into the soft ground, slide the annular airbag 6 downward to make the lower end of the annular airbag 6 contact the soft ground, thereby increasing the contact area between the surveying support and the ground. At the same time, since a plurality of micro-cone thorns 61 are provided on the lower surface of the outer side of the annular airbag 6, when the annular airbag 6 moves downward to contact the ground, the micro-cone thorns 61 provided on the lower surface of the outer side of the annular airbag 6 first contact the ground, so that the micro-cone thorns 61 are inserted into the soft ground, and then the annular airbag 6 and the soft ground are completely fixed, thereby ensuring that the annular airbag 6 is always in contact with the soft ground.

[0065] Embodiment three, when surveying a surveying point on a soft ground, since the anti-sinking air cushion 7 is fixedly installed on the lower end of the leg 2 of the surveying bracket, the surveying bracket is directly placed horizontally at the surveying point. At this time, the anti-sinking air cushion 7 fixedly installed on the bottom of the leg 2 is in direct contact with the soft ground, and air is inflated into the anti-sinking air cushion 7 to expand the anti-sinking air cushion 7, so that the surveying bracket is supported by the air cushion, and the contact area between the air cushion and the ground is much larger than the area of ​​the leg 2 directly contacting the ground. At the same time, since a rubber block 71 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the air cushion, the rubber block 71 at the bottom of the air cushion is squeezed when the surveying bracket is fixed downward, so that the extrusion block 711 fixedly installed in the rubber block 71 is in direct contact with the ground, thereby penetrating into the ground to fix the surveying bracket.

[0066] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A special instrument for geographical surveying and mapping, comprising: Surveying base (1); A surveying instrument (3), the surveying instrument (3) being located on the upper surface of the surveying base (1), and the surveying instrument (3) being used for geographic surveying; A surveying and mapping support, the surveying and mapping support is located below the surveying and mapping base (1), the surveying and mapping support is composed of three legs (2), and the legs (2) are hingedly mounted on the lower surface of the surveying and mapping base (1); It is characterized by further comprising: an anti-sinking unit, the anti-sinking unit being located at the lower end of the frame leg (2), the anti-sinking unit being used to prevent the frame leg (2) from sinking due to its own gravity during long-term surveying and mapping work; The anti-sinking unit is used to prevent the frame leg (2) from self-sinking; The anti-sinking unit comprises: An installation cavity (21), the installation cavity (21) being located inside the frame leg (2), the installation cavity (21) being close to the bottom end of the frame leg (2); An anti-sinking airbag (4), the anti-sinking airbag (4) is located in the installation cavity (21), an inflation port is provided on the anti-sinking airbag (4), an air pipe is fixedly connected to the inflation port, the air pipe runs through the frame leg and is connected to an external air source, the anti-sinking airbag (4) corresponds to the installation cavity (21) one by one, and the anti-sinking airbag (4) is in a round pancake shape when inflated; An elastic rubber ring (5) is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the frame leg (2), and the elastic rubber ring (5) covers the area on the frame leg (2) where the mounting cavity (21) is located. The inner ring surface of the elastic rubber ring (5) and the outer surface of the frame leg (2) are in contact with each other before the anti-sinking airbag (4) is inflated.

2. According to claim 1, a special instrument for geographical surveying and mapping, characterized in that: The anti-sinking airbag (4) is made of elastic cloth, and the outer side of the anti-sinking airbag (4) is coated with a rubber coating.

3. A geographical surveying and mapping method, characterized in that: The geographic surveying and mapping method is applicable to the geographic surveying and mapping instrument described in claim 1 or 2, and the geographic surveying and mapping method comprises: S1. When geographic surveying and mapping of a field environment is required, the surveying and mapping support of the geographic surveying and mapping instrument is opened, and then the surveying and mapping support legs (2) are inserted into the ground; S2, opening the external air source, filling the anti-sinking airbag (4) with air, causing the anti-sinking airbag (4) to expand outward from the frame leg (2) and pop out of the frame leg (2), and then continuing to adjust the surveying and mapping support to be inserted into the ground, so that the anti-sinking airbag (4) is in contact with the ground; S3, start the surveying instrument (3), survey the surveying point, and record the surveying information of the surveying point. After the surveying is completed, deflate the anti-sinking airbag (4), then pull out the surveying bracket upwards, and recycle the surveying bracket.

4. A geographical surveying and mapping method application, wherein the geographical surveying and mapping method uses the geographical surveying and mapping method according to claim 3 to perform surveying and mapping work, characterized in that: The geographic surveying and mapping method is applied to carry out surveying and mapping work at surveying and mapping points on soft and moist ground.

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