A detachable bolt device and its usage method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a detachable bolt device and a method for using the same. The detachable bolt device includes a fixed pipe, a bolt member, an adjusting rod, and a drill bit assembly. The first end of the bolt member is detachably and fixedly connected to the first end of the fixed pipe, and a clamping jaw is fixedly provided at the second end thereof. A plurality of expansion assemblies are provided on the pipe wall of the bolt member, and each expansion assembly includes a plurality of expansion members. The adjusting rod is axially slidably inserted into the bolt member and can push each expansion member to extend outwards. The drill bit assembly is located outside the second end of the bolt member. The clamping jaw can be clamped on the first end of the drill bit assembly, or the first end of the adjusting rod can extend out of the second end of the bolt member and be clamped on the first end of the drill bit assembly, and the clamping jaw can be clamped on the first end of the adjusting rod. The present invention can achieve rapid anchoring based on the characteristics of the surrounding rock and the characteristics of hole formation, and can be quickly removed during the later soil excavation process, so as to solve the problem that it is difficult to recycle and reuse the temporary support small bolts during the tunnel excavation process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of anchor bolts, and particularly to a detachable anchor bolt device and a using method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In contemporary underground engineering, anchor bolts are the most basic components of soil support. They can reinforce the surrounding rock near the working surface together, making the surrounding rock tend to be stable, and thus ensuring the safe progress of underground construction. They are widely used in fields such as foundation pit engineering, slope engineering, roadway engineering, and tunnel engineering.

[0003] As a linear underground engineering, tunnel engineering often experiences various geological conditions during its construction process, and the role of anchor bolts is particularly important. In addition to applying anchor bolts on the tunnel lining, during the process of sectional excavation of the tunnel, a certain number of small anchor bolts are also required to reinforce the soil to be excavated. However, different from the lining anchor bolts that can be permanently retained in the tunnel surrounding rock, the temporary support small anchor bolts usually need to be removed during the later soil excavation process. Especially during the excavation of double-sided side drift, the small anchor bolts remaining in the middle soil often cause certain troubles to the later excavation of rock and soil mass. In addition, the traditional temporary support small anchor bolts usually adopt grouting anchor bolts, which are usually not recyclable, often causing waste of building materials and forming construction waste. During the long-term tunnel construction process, this will undoubtedly cause great waste and loss.

[0004] At present, although there are also some detachable anchor bolt devices in the existing technology, they generally have the following disadvantages: (1) The existing technology is mostly used in fields such as slope reinforcement, tunnel lining surrounding rock reinforcement, and foundation pit side wall reinforcement, and there are few patents on temporary support small anchor bolts for tunnels; (2) The existing technology often makes treatments on the anchor bolt pipe wall or the end, and there are few improvement measures for the internal components of the anchor bolt; (3) The existing technology only emphasizes the interaction between the anchor bolt and the soil, ignoring the role of the anchor bolt in the whole support system, and cannot integrate the anchor bolt into the whole support system to play a role.

[0005] Therefore, based on the experience and practice of being engaged in the relevant industry for many years, the inventor of the present invention proposes a detachable anchor bolt device and a using method thereof to overcome the defects of the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a detachable anchor bolt device and a using method thereof, which can achieve rapid anchoring based on the characteristics of the surrounding rock and the hole-forming characteristics, and can be quickly removed during the later soil excavation process to solve the problem that the temporary support small anchor bolts in the tunnel excavation process are difficult to recycle and reuse.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a detachable anchor bolt device, comprising:

[0009] Fixed pipe;

[0010] A hollow anchor rod member, whose first end is detachably and fixedly connected to the first end of the fixed pipe, and a clamping jaw is fixedly provided at its second end; a plurality of expansion assemblies are arranged at intervals along the axial direction on the pipe wall of the anchor rod member, and each expansion assembly includes a plurality of expansion members arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the anchor rod member and capable of protruding outwards;

[0011] Adjusting rod, the adjusting rod is axially slidably inserted into the anchor rod member and can push each expansion member to protrude outwards;

[0012] And a drill bit assembly, located outside the second end of the anchor rod member; the clamping jaw can be clamped on the first end of the drill bit assembly, or the first end of the adjusting rod can protrude out of the second end of the anchor rod member and be clamped on the first end of the drill bit assembly, and the clamping jaw can be clamped on the first end of the adjusting rod.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each expansion assembly further includes an expansion ring formed by enclosing a plurality of arc-shaped plates, and the expansion ring is arranged inside the anchor rod member; each expansion member includes a radial locking rod and two lateral locking rods symmetrically arranged on both sides of the radial locking rod, the radial locking rod is radially slidably inserted into the pipe wall of the anchor rod member, and each lateral locking rod is located outside the anchor rod member; the first ends of the two lateral locking rods are both hinged to the first end of the radial locking rod, the second ends of the two lateral locking rods are both hinged to the outer wall of the anchor rod member, and the hinge points can slide axially along the anchor rod member, and the second end of the radial locking rod extends into the anchor rod member and is fixedly connected to the corresponding arc-shaped plate; a plurality of variable cross-section segments are formed at intervals along the axial direction on the adjusting rod, the outer diameter of each variable cross-section segment is greater than the outer diameter of the adjusting rod, and both ends of each variable cross-section segment are transition conical surfaces, and each variable cross-section segment can be respectively inserted into the corresponding expansion ring.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, grooves are opened on the outer wall of the anchor rod member corresponding to the second ends of each lateral locking rod, the length direction of the grooves extends along the axial direction of the anchor rod member, and axially slidable sliders are embedded in the grooves, and the second ends of the lateral locking rods are hinged to the sliders.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first spring is further fixedly connected between the second end of the radial locking rod and the corresponding arc-shaped plate.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drill bit assembly includes a connecting cylinder with an open end and a drill bit fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting cylinder, the open end of the connecting cylinder is the first end of the drill bit assembly, and the first end of the adjusting rod can be inserted into the connecting cylinder.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of embedding grooves are formed in the outer wall of the first end of the adjusting rod along its circumferential direction. A locking block is slidably embedded in each embedding groove in the radial direction, and a second spring is fixedly arranged between the locking block and the bottom of the corresponding embedding groove. An annular clamping groove is formed in the inner wall of the connecting cylinder, and the cross section of the clamping groove is triangular. The outer end shape of each locking block matches the shape of the clamping groove, and the outer end of each locking block can be clamped in the clamping groove.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adjusting rod includes a first straight rod, an intermediate rod, and an end rod that are sequentially connected near its first end, a second straight rod near its second end, and a plurality of variable cross-section rods that are sequentially connected between the first straight rod and the second straight rod. The adjacent two variable cross-section rods and the first straight rod and the second straight rod and the corresponding variable cross-section rods are detachably fixedly connected. Each variable cross-section segment is respectively formed on the corresponding variable cross-section rod. Screw holes are formed in the opposite end faces of the first straight rod and the end rod, and screws are fixedly arranged at both ends of the intermediate rod. The screws are threadedly connected with the corresponding screw holes. A plurality of through grooves penetrating both end faces of the intermediate rod are formed in the intermediate rod along the circumferential direction, and the through grooves and the end faces of the first straight rod and the end rod form embedding grooves.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the anchor rod member includes a plurality of hollow drill rods and a plurality of intermediate pipes that are detachably fixedly connected between adjacent two drill rods. A connecting pipe is detachably fixedly connected to the end of the drill rod near the second end of the anchor rod member. Each set of expansion components is respectively arranged on the corresponding intermediate pipe, and the clamping jaws are fixedly arranged at the end of the connecting pipe.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fixed pipe is of a sleeve structure, a convex ring protrudes outward from the second end of the fixed pipe, and a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the convex ring.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a rubber ring is arranged on the end face of the convex ring away from the first end of the fixed pipe, and through holes are formed in the rubber ring at positions corresponding to the mounting holes.

[0022] The present invention also provides a use method of the above-mentioned detachable anchor device, including the following steps:

[0023] S1. Grooving treatment is performed on the soil to be excavated to form a groove hole;

[0024] S2. The fixed pipe, the anchor rod member, and the drill bit assembly are assembled, and the clamping jaws are clamped on the first end of the drill bit assembly; then the assembled assembly is inserted into the groove hole, and the second end of the fixed pipe is fixedly connected to the temporary support structure arranged on the soil to be excavated;

[0025] S3. The adjusting rod is inserted into the anchor rod member and extends forward to a specified position, so that each expansion member extends outward and penetrates into the soil around the anchor rod member;

[0026] S4. Continue to push the adjusting rod forward so that its first end extends out of the anchor rod member and is clamped on the first end of the drill bit assembly. The drill bit assembly disengages from the jaw and advances forward under the thrust of the adjusting rod, so that the drill bit assembly penetrates into the soil at the bottom of the slot hole;

[0027] S5. When excavating the soil in the anchorage area of each detachable anchor device, first remove the adjusting rod, and then remove the drill bit assembly and the anchor rod member during the soil excavation process.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the following steps are further included after step S5:

[0029] S6. After the anchor rod member is removed, connect a sealing member or a horizontal support pipe to the first end of the fixed pipe; after the temporary support structure is removed, then remove the sealing member or the horizontal support pipe.

[0030] As described above, the detachable anchor device in the present invention, through the cooperation of the fixed pipe, the anchor rod member, the adjusting rod and the drill bit assembly, can not only be quickly installed and disassembled, facilitating recycling and reuse, and saving costs. Moreover, through the cooperation of the adjusting rod and the expansion members on the anchor rod member, after the adjusting rod extends into the anchor rod member, each expansion member can be extended outwards and penetrate into the soil around the anchor rod member to reinforce the soil; after the first end of the adjusting rod extends out of the anchor rod member, it can push the drill bit assembly to penetrate into the soil at the bottom of the slot hole in the soil to be excavated, further reinforcing the soil; thus greatly improving the reinforcement effect of the entire detachable anchor device on the soil, ensuring that the surrounding rock is more stable, and improving the safety of construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The following drawings are only intended to illustrate and explain the present invention schematically and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Among them:

[0032] Figure 1 : is a schematic structural diagram of the detachable anchor device provided by the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 : is a schematic structural diagram of the fixed pipe provided by the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 : is a schematic structural diagram of the rubber ring provided by the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 : is a schematic structural diagram of the fixed head provided by the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 : is a schematic structural diagram of the connecting pipe provided by the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 : is a schematic structural diagram of the conversion pipe provided by the present invention.

[0038] Figure 7 : Schematic structural diagram of the anchor rod provided by the present invention.

[0039] Figure 8 : Schematic structural diagram of the intermediate pipe provided by the present invention.

[0040] Figure 9 : Perspective view of the intermediate pipe provided by the present invention.

[0041] Figure 10 : Cross-sectional view of the intermediate pipe provided by the present invention.

[0042] Figure 11 : Schematic structural diagram of the connecting pipe provided by the present invention.

[0043] Figure 12 : Schematic structural diagram of the adjusting rod provided by the present invention.

[0044] Figure 13 : Schematic structural diagram of the cooperation between the first straight rod, the intermediate rod and the end rod provided by the present invention.

[0045] Figure 14 : Schematic structural diagram of the intermediate rod provided by the present invention.

[0046] Figure 15 : Side view of the intermediate rod provided by the present invention.

[0047] Figure 16 : Schematic structural diagram of the drill bit assembly provided by the present invention.

[0048] Figure 17 : Another schematic structural diagram of the drill bit assembly provided by the present invention.

[0049] Figure 18 : Schematic structural diagram of the closure provided by the present invention.

[0050] Figure 19 : Another schematic structural diagram of the closure provided by the present invention.

[0051] Figure 20 : Schematic structural diagram of the adapter elbow provided by the present invention.

[0052] Figure 21 : Schematic structural diagram of the horizontal support pipe provided by the present invention.

[0053] Figure 22 : Schematic structural diagram of the cooperation between two temporary support structures when constructing by the double-side drift method after removing the anchor rod on the fixed pipe and connecting the closure and the horizontal support pipe provided by the present invention.

[0054] Explanation of the reference numerals in the drawings:

[0055] 100. Demountable anchor device;

[0056] 1. Fixed pipe; 11. Convex ring; 111. Mounting hole; 12. Rubber ring; 121. Through hole; 13. Fixed head; 14. Connecting pipe; 15. Conversion pipe;

[0057] 2. Anchor rod member; 21. Groove; 22. Slide block; 23. Drill pipe; 24. Intermediate pipe; 25. Connecting pipe;

[0058] 3. Jaw;

[0059] 4. Expansion assembly; 41. Expansion member; 411. Radial locking rod; 412. Lateral locking rod; 42. Arc plate; 43. First spring;

[0060] 5. Adjusting rod; 51. Variable cross-section section; 511. Transition conical surface; 52. First straight rod; 53. Variable cross-section rod; 54. Second straight rod; 55. Embedded groove; 56. Locking block; 561. Second spring; 57. Intermediate rod; 571. Screw rod; 572. Through slot; 58. End rod; 59. Screw hole;

[0061] 6. Drill bit assembly; 61. Connecting cylinder; 611. Card slot; 62. Drill bit;

[0062] 7. Sealing member;

[0063] 8. Adapter elbow;

[0064] 9. Horizontal support pipe;

[0065] 200. Temporary support structure. Detailed implementation manner

[0066] For a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, the specific implementation manner of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0067] As Figures 1 to 22 shown, this embodiment provides a demountable anchor device, including:

[0068] Fixed pipe 1;

[0069] A hollow anchor rod member 2, the first end of which is detachably and fixedly connected to the first end of the fixed pipe 1, and the second end of which is fixedly provided with a jaw 3; A plurality of groups of expansion assemblies 4 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the pipe wall of the anchor rod member 2, and each group of expansion assemblies 4 includes a plurality of expansion members 41 arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the anchor rod member 2 and capable of protruding outwards;

[0070] Adjusting rod 5, the adjusting rod 5 is axially slidably inserted into the anchor rod member 2 and can push each expansion member 41 to protrude outwards;

[0071] and a drill bit assembly 6, located outside the second end of the anchor rod member 2; the clamping jaw 3 can be clamped on the first end of the drill bit assembly 6, or the first end of the adjusting rod 5 can extend out of the second end of the anchor rod member 2 and be clamped on the first end of the drill bit assembly 6, and the clamping jaw 3 can be clamped on the first end of the adjusting rod 5.

[0072] Among them, the entire detachable anchor device 100 is mainly used for temporarily reinforcing the soil to be excavated during the construction of the tunnel pilot drift method. The second end of the fixed pipe 1 is mainly used to be fixed to the temporary support structure 200 on the inner wall of the tunnel, for fixing the entire detachable anchor device 100 on the temporary support structure 200, and the anchor rod member 2 and the drill bit assembly 6 are used to penetrate into the soil to be excavated to reinforce the surrounding rock.

[0073] During use, first carry out grooving treatment on the soil to be excavated to form a plurality of groove holes. After the temporary support structure 200 is installed, after assembling the fixed pipe 1, the anchor rod member 2 and the drill bit assembly 6, insert them into the corresponding groove holes. At this time, the clamping jaw 3 is clamped on the first end of the drill bit assembly 6, which can temporarily clamp the drill bit assembly 6 and facilitate the drill bit assembly 6 to extend into the groove hole together with the anchor rod member 2; then fix the second end of the fixed pipe 1 to the temporary support structure 200, and then insert the adjusting rod 5 into the anchor rod member 2, so that each expansion member 41 can extend outwards and penetrate into the soil around the anchor rod member 2; after that, the adjusting rod 5 continues to advance forward. After the first end of the adjusting rod 5 extends out of the anchor rod member 2, the first end of the adjusting rod 5 is clamped on the first end of the drill bit assembly 6, and the drill bit assembly 6 is separated from the clamping jaw 3 and is pushed forward under the thrust of the adjusting rod 5, so that the drill bit assembly 6 penetrates into the soil at the bottom of the groove hole of the groove, realizing the fixation of the end of the anchor device in the soil. At this time, the clamping jaw 3 is clamped on the adjusting rod 5.

[0074] When it needs to be removed later, first take out the adjusting rod 5, and the drill bit assembly 6 and the anchor rod member 2 can be removed in turn during the soil excavation process; when the temporary support structure 200 is removed, the fixed pipe 1 can be removed.

[0075] Thus, the detachable anchor device 100 in this embodiment, through the cooperation of the fixed pipe 1, the anchor rod member 2, the adjusting rod 5 and the drill bit assembly 6, can not only be quickly installed and disassembled, is convenient for recycling and reuse, and saves costs. Moreover, through the cooperation of the adjusting rod 5 and the expansion members 41 on the anchor rod member 2, after the adjusting rod 5 extends into the anchor rod member 2, each expansion member 41 can be extended outwards and penetrate into the soil around the anchor rod member 2 to reinforce the soil; after the first end of the adjusting rod 5 extends out of the anchor rod member 2, it can push the drill bit assembly 6 to penetrate into the soil at the bottom of the groove hole in the soil to be excavated, further reinforcing the soil; thereby greatly improving the reinforcement effect of the entire detachable anchor device 100 on the soil, ensuring that the surrounding rock is more stable, and improving the safety of construction.

[0076] In a specific implementation manner, in order to facilitate the outward extension of each expansion member 41, such as Figures 7 to 10and Figure 12 As shown, each set of expansion components 4 further includes an expansion ring formed by enclosing a plurality of arc-shaped plates 42. The expansion ring is arranged inside the anchor rod member 2. Each expansion member 41 includes a radial locking rod 411 and two lateral locking rods 412 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the radial locking rod 411. The radial locking rod 411 is slidably inserted into the pipe wall of the anchor rod member 2 in the radial direction, and each lateral locking rod 412 is located outside the anchor rod member 2. The first ends of the two lateral locking rods 412 are both hinged to the first end of the radial locking rod 411, and the second ends of the two lateral locking rods 412 are both hinged to the outer wall of the anchor rod member 2, and the hinge points can slide along the axial direction of the anchor rod member 2. The second end of the radial locking rod 411 extends into the anchor rod member 2 and is fixedly connected to the corresponding arc-shaped plate 42. A plurality of variable cross-section segments 51 are formed at intervals along the axial direction of the adjusting rod 5. The outer diameter of each variable cross-section segment 51 is larger than the outer diameter of the adjusting rod 5, and both ends of each variable cross-section segment 51 are transition conical surfaces 511. Each variable cross-section segment 51 can be respectively inserted into the corresponding expansion ring.

[0077] Specifically, radial holes are opened at positions corresponding to each radial locking rod 411 on the pipe wall of the anchor rod member 2 to facilitate the passing of each radial locking rod 411. The number of radial locking rods 411 in each expansion member 41 is the same as the number of arc-shaped plates 42, and the specific number is determined according to needs. For example, in this embodiment, each expansion member 41 includes four radial locking rods 411 and four arc-shaped plates 42.

[0078] Before the adjusting rod 5 extends into the anchor rod member 2, the arc-shaped plates 42 are closely arranged to enclose a circular ring. At this time, the radial locking rod 411 extends outwards by the minimum length, and the outer diameter of the adjusting rod 5 should match the inner diameter of the circular ring formed by the arc-shaped plates 42 at this time; when the adjusting rod 5 extends into the anchor rod member 2, due to the existence of the variable cross-section segments 51 on the adjusting rod 5, when the variable cross-section segment 51 passes through the position of the corresponding expansion ring, under the extrusion of the variable cross-section segment 51, the arc-shaped plates 42 are separated from each other, pushing the radial locking rods 411 outwards, and further pushing the two lateral locking rods 412 on both sides outwards to form a triangular bracket. During the process of the radial locking rod 411 being pushed outwards, the triangular bracket continuously penetrates into the soil, so that the anchor rod member 2 is stuck in the slot hole to form stable reinforcement.

[0079] It can be understood that during the process of the adjusting rod 5 extending into the anchor rod member 2, each expansion ring will expand and retract successively until the adjusting rod 5 extends to the second end of the anchor rod member 2, and the variable cross-section segments 51 are just opposite to the positions of the expansion rings. Each expansion member 41 extends outwards and forms a triangular bracket to penetrate into the soil. In addition, generally, the length of each variable cross-section segment 51 should be designed to be slightly longer, so that when the adjusting rod 5 continues to move forward and extends out of the second end of the anchor rod member 2 to push the drill bit assembly 6, each variable cross-section segment 51 can still be opposite to the expansion rings, so that each expansion member 41 still maintains the outward extended state.

[0080] In practical applications, to facilitate the outward extension of each lateral locking rod 412, its second end can slide conveniently on the outer wall of the anchor rod member 2. As Figure 10 shown, grooves 21 are provided on the outer wall of the anchor rod member 2 corresponding to the second ends of the lateral locking rods 412. The length direction of the grooves 21 extends along the axial direction of the anchor rod member 2. A slider 22 capable of axial sliding is embedded in the grooves 21, and the second end of the lateral locking rod 412 is hinged to the slider 22.

[0081] Among them, the groove 21 is a reduced-opening structure to limit the slider 22. The specific processing and installation processes are prior art. For example, an open groove can be processed first, and after the slider 22 is embedded, a compression ring is welded at the notch of the open groove, and the compression ring and the open groove form the above-mentioned groove 21.

[0082] More preferably, a first spring 43 (a compression spring) is also fixedly connected between the second end of the radial locking rod 411 and the corresponding arc-shaped plate 42. Generally, the length of the first spring 43 is set to be relatively long, and the length of the radial locking rod 411 is set to be relatively short. In this way, when the arc-shaped plate 42 pushes the radial locking rod 411 outward, there will be a certain buffering effect, avoiding the situation that when the arc-shaped plate 42 directly pushes the radial locking rod 411, the radial locking rod 411 cannot extend outward by a certain length due to the hard soil, resulting in the adjusting rod 5 being unable to continue to advance forward and unable to extend out of the anchor rod member 2; through the buffering effect of the first spring 43, even in the case of encountering hard soil, it can ensure that the adjusting rod 5 can smoothly pass through each expansion ring and reach the designated position, and each radial locking rod 411 can also extend outward by a certain length to different degrees and penetrate into the soil to ensure the soil reinforcement effect.

[0083] Furthermore, to facilitate the adjusting rod 5 to be clamped on the drill bit assembly 6 after extending out of the anchor rod member 2, as Figures 13 to 17 shown, the drill bit assembly 6 includes a connecting cylinder 61 with an open end and a drill bit 62 fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting cylinder 61. The open end of the connecting cylinder 61 is the first end of the drill bit assembly 6, and the first end of the adjusting rod 5 can be inserted into the connecting cylinder 61.

[0084] The above-mentioned drill bit 62 and the connecting cylinder 61 are coaxially arranged. In practical applications, to ensure that the adjusting rod 5 and the connecting cylinder 61 are coaxial when the adjusting rod 5 is inserted into the connecting cylinder 61, a plurality of embedding grooves 55 are provided on the outer wall of the first end of the adjusting rod 5 along its circumferential direction. A locking block 56 capable of radial sliding is embedded in each embedding groove 55, and a second spring 561 (a compression spring) is fixedly connected between the locking block 56 and the bottom of the corresponding embedding groove 55. An annular clamping groove 611 is provided on the inner wall of the connecting cylinder 61. The cross-section of the clamping groove 611 is triangular, and the outer end shape of each locking block 56 matches the shape of the clamping groove 611, and the outer end of each locking block 56 can be clamped in the clamping groove 611.

[0085] Thus, if the axis of the adjusting rod 5 is initially inclined at a small angle and non-coaxial with the axis of the connecting cylinder 61, after the adjusting rod 5 is inserted into the connecting cylinder 61 and each locking block 56 is engaged in the card slot 611, the adjusting rod 5 can be made substantially coaxial with the drill bit 62, so as to ensure that when the adjusting rod 5 pushes the drill bit assembly 6 forward and inserts the drill bit 62 into the soil, the drill bit 62 will not be damaged, and the service life can be extended.

[0086] It can be understood that the inner end of each locking block 56 is a rectangular block, the outer end thereof forms a triangular prism, and two symmetrically arranged guiding inclined surfaces are provided at the outer end thereof, so that the adjusting rod 5 can smoothly extend into and out of the anchor member 2 and the connecting cylinder 61. The number of the locking blocks 56 is the same as the number of the embedding grooves 55, and can be determined according to needs specifically. For example, four locking blocks 56 are provided in this embodiment. When the locking block 56 is engaged in the card slot 611, the end face of the first end of the adjusting rod 5 just abuts against the bottom of the inner part of the connecting cylinder 61, so as to ensure that when the adjusting rod 5 pushes the drill bit assembly 6 forward, the locking block 56 is still engaged in the card slot 611.

[0087] In addition, the type of the above drill bit 62 can be selected according to actual needs. For example, Figure 17 As shown in, a straight rod drill bit is adopted, and the adjusting rod 5 can be used to push the drill bit into the soil in a straight push manner; or Figure 16 As shown in, a twist drill bit is adopted, which is more convenient for the adjusting rod 5 to screw the twist drill bit into the soil when screwing in, and the operation is more convenient; the specific structure of the drill bit 62 is the prior art. Correspondingly, if it is necessary for the adjusting rod 5 to drive the drill bit assembly 6 to rotate forward together, the size of the above card slot 611 can be made smaller, and the elastic coefficient of the second spring 561 can be designed larger. When the outer ends of each locking block 56 are engaged in the card slot 611, each second spring 561 still has a large elastic force, so that the adjusting rod 5 can drive the connecting cylinder 61 to rotate together. Or, the complete annular card slot 611 can be replaced with a plurality of slots arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the connecting cylinder 61. When the adjusting rod 5 extends into the connecting cylinder 61 and abuts against the inner bottom of the connecting cylinder 61, by rotating the adjusting rod 5, each locking block 56 can be respectively engaged in the corresponding slot, and the adjusting rod 5 and the connecting cylinder 61 can be circumferentially fixed and can rotate together. Of course, when the adjusting rod 5 advances forward, it can advance in a straight push manner, or it can rotate and advance by itself to push the drill bit assembly 6, or it can drive the drill bit assembly 6 to rotate forward together, which is specifically determined according to needs.

[0088] Furthermore, for the convenience of processing and installation of the adjusting rod 5 and each embedding groove 55, as Figures 12 to 15As shown in the figure, the adjusting rod 5 includes a first straight rod 52, an intermediate rod 57, and an end rod 58 that are sequentially connected near its first end, a second straight rod 54 near its second end, and a plurality of variable cross-section rods 53 that are located between the first straight rod 52 and the second straight rod 54 and are sequentially connected. The adjacent two variable cross-section rods 53 and between the first straight rod 52 and the second straight rod 54 and the corresponding variable cross-section rods 53 are detachably fixedly connected (preferably by threaded connection), and each variable cross-section section 51 is respectively formed on the corresponding variable cross-section rod 53. Screw holes 59 are respectively provided on the opposite end faces of the first straight rod 52 and the end rod 58, and screws 571 are fixedly provided at both ends of the intermediate rod 57, and the screws 571 are threadedly connected to the corresponding screw holes 59. A plurality of through grooves 572 penetrating both end faces thereof are circumferentially provided on the intermediate rod 57, and the through grooves 572 and the end faces of the first straight rod 52 and the end rod 58 constitute an embedding groove 55.

[0089] Compared with directly machining the embedding groove 55 on the adjusting rod 5, direct machining requires grooving treatment. By using the cooperation of the intermediate rod 57 and the end rod 58, cutting operation can be adopted on the intermediate rod 57 during machining, and then connecting the intermediate rod 57 with the first straight rod 52 and the end rod 58 can form each embedding groove 55, with lower operation difficulty.

[0090] Furthermore, in order to facilitate the installation and disassembly of the anchor rod member 2 more conveniently, as Figure 7 shown, the anchor rod member 2 includes a plurality of hollow drill rods 23 and a plurality of intermediate pipes 24 that are detachably fixedly connected between adjacent two drill rods 23. A connecting pipe 25 is detachably fixedly connected to the end of the drill rod 23 near the second end of the anchor rod member 2. Each set of expansion components 4 is respectively provided on the corresponding intermediate pipe 24, and the clamping jaw 3 is fixedly provided at the end of the connecting pipe 25.

[0091] It can be understood that the above-mentioned groove 21 is opened on the corresponding intermediate pipe 24. As Figure 11 shown, the end of the connecting pipe 25 is preferably a tapered head to facilitate the smooth insertion of the anchor rod member 2 into the slot hole. Generally, between each drill rod 23 and the adjacent intermediate pipe 24 and between the connecting pipe 25 and the corresponding drill rod 23 are threadedly connected. When disassembling, the entire anchor rod member 2 can be disassembled section by section in sequence, which is convenient for operation. The clamping jaw 3 includes a plurality of jaw arms fixedly provided on the connecting pipe 25, and can be clamped on the outer wall of the open end of the connecting cylinder 61 or on the outer wall of the end of the adjusting rod 5. The structure of the clamping jaw 3 is also the prior art, as long as it can play a clamping role.

[0092] Furthermore, in order to facilitate the fixation of the fixed pipe 1 and the temporary support structure 200, as Figures 2 to 6 shown, the fixed pipe 1 is of a sleeve structure, and a convex ring 11 protrudes outward from the second end of the fixed pipe 1, and a plurality of mounting holes 111 are opened on the convex ring 11.

[0093] Specifically, the first end of the fixed pipe 1 is preferably threadedly connected to the first end of the anchor rod member 2. As needed, the entire fixed pipe 1 can be composed of a fixed head 13, a connecting pipe 14, and a conversion pipe 15 that are sequentially threadedly connected, and a convex ring 11 is formed on the fixed head 13.

[0094] During use, according to the different forms of the temporary support structure 200, the operations when the fixed pipe 1 is connected to the temporary support structure 200 are also different. For example, as Figure 22 shown, when the temporary support structure 200 adopts a spliced plate structure, through holes are provided at corresponding positions on the spliced plate, and a plurality of bolt holes are provided around the through hole; after the spliced plate is installed, the entire detachable anchor device 100 is inserted into the slot hole of the soil to be excavated through the through hole, and then the convex ring 11 is connected to the spliced plate through a plurality of bolts to achieve fixation; in this case, the above installation hole 111 is used to cooperate with the corresponding bolt hole to install bolts. Preferably, a rubber ring 12 is provided on the end face of the convex ring 11 away from the first end of the fixed pipe 1, and through holes 121 are provided at positions corresponding to the installation holes 111 on the rubber ring 12 to ensure the firmness of the bolt connection.

[0095] For another example, when the temporary support structure 200 adopts the traditional method of shotcrete with a steel mesh, before the steel mesh is laid and shotcrete is carried out, the entire detachable anchor device 100 can be inserted into the slot hole of the soil to be excavated, and then a cross-shaped steel bar frame formed by welding two U-shaped steel bars is buckled on the fixed pipe 1 and inserted into the soil to be excavated. Then, the convex ring 11 is fixed to the cross-shaped steel bar frame by using steel wires passing through the installation holes 111, and then shotcrete can be carried out. When it needs to be disassembled, the cross-shaped steel bar frame is cut off and the steel wires are removed, and the detachable anchor device 100 can be conveniently disassembled. Of course, for other types of temporary support structures 200, the fixed pipe 1 can also be fixed to the temporary support structure 200 in a corresponding manner. This embodiment is only for illustrative purposes.

[0096] Furthermore, this embodiment also provides a usage method of the above detachable anchor device 100, including the following steps:

[0097] S1. Grooving the soil to be excavated to form a slot hole. In this step, according to the quantity and arrangement of the required detachable anchor devices 100, corresponding numbers of slot holes are opened on the soil to be excavated.

[0098] S2. Assemble the fixed pipe 1, the anchor rod member 2, and the drill bit assembly 6, and make the clamping jaws 3 clamp on the first end of the drill bit assembly 6; then insert the assembled assembly into the slot hole, and fixedly connect the second end of the fixed pipe 1 to the temporary support structure 200 provided on the soil to be excavated.

[0099] In this step, before assembly, during the tunnel excavation process, the type of the drill bit 62 is confirmed according to the corresponding engineering geological data, and the bearing capacity range of the detachable anchor device 100 is determined through calculation, and then the assembly is assembled according to the calculation results. At the same time, grease can be applied to all parts where the adjusting rod 5 can contact the assembly, mainly playing a lubricating role, which is beneficial to protecting the equipment and realizing the smooth rotation in and out of the adjusting rod 5. In addition, inclined surfaces can be adopted on both sides of the above-mentioned arc-shaped plates 42 to cooperate with the transition conical surfaces 511 at both ends of the variable cross-section section 51, which is more convenient for the adjusting rod 5 to extend in and out.

[0100] S3. Insert the adjusting rod 5 into the anchor rod member 2 and extend it forward to a specified position so that each expansion member 41 extends outwards and penetrates into the soil around the anchor rod member 2.

[0101] In this step, when inserting the adjusting rod 5, the adjusting rod 5 can be continuously rotated by cooperating with a rotating mechanical device or directly pushed forward until the operation stops after reaching the effective reinforcement position.

[0102] S4. Continue to push the adjusting rod 5 forward so that its first end extends out of the anchor rod member 2 and is clamped on the first end of the drill bit assembly 6. The drill bit assembly 6 disengages from the jaw 3 and is pushed forward under the thrust of the adjusting rod 5 so that the drill bit assembly 6 penetrates into the soil at the bottom of the slot hole; at this time, the jaw 3 is clamped on the adjusting rod 5.

[0103] S5. When excavating the soil in the anchorage area of each detachable anchor device 100, first remove the adjusting rod 5, and then remove the drill bit assembly 6 and the anchor rod member 2 during the soil excavation process.

[0104] In this step, it is necessary to first loosen the adjusting rod 5 to release the internal force of each expansion member 41 on the drill bit assembly 6 and the anchor rod member 2, and then remove the adjusting rod 5 from the assembly. At this time, the drill bit assembly 6 and the anchor rod member 2 still remain in the soil; finally, the drill bit assembly 6 and the anchor rod member 2 are removed section by section in sequence during the soil excavation process.

[0105] Further preferably, after step S5, the following steps are further included:

[0106] S6. After the anchor rod member 2 is removed, connect a sealing member 7 or a horizontal support pipe 9 to the first end of the fixed pipe 1; after the temporary support structure 200 is removed, then remove the sealing member 7 or the horizontal support pipe 9.

[0107] After the anchor rod member 2 is removed, after the fixed pipe 1 is connected to the sealing member 7 or the horizontal support pipe 9, an anchor or a lateral support can be formed, acting as a bolt of the temporary support structure 200, thereby enhancing the overall stability of the temporary support structure 200.

[0108] More specifically, referring to Figure 18 、Figure 19 and Figure 22 The closure member 7 is a cylindrical structure with one end open. The open end of the cylindrical structure is threadedly connected to the first end of the fixed pipe 1. Specifically, the outer wall of the open end of the closure member 7 is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed pipe 1. After the anchor member 2 is removed, the closure member 7 can be connected to the fixed pipe 1 to be used as an anchor for the temporary support structure 200. The thread on the open end of the cylindrical structure can be formed directly on the outer wall of the cylindrical structure as shown in Figure 18 or can be formed inside the cylindrical structure with an annular inner plug as shown in Figure 19 , and the thread is formed on the outer wall of the annular inner plug.

[0109] Referring to Figures 20 to 22 , a transition elbow 8 is threadedly connected to the first end of the fixed pipe 1, and the transition elbow 8 is threadedly connected to the end of the horizontal support pipe 9. Since the axis of the fixed pipe 1 is not horizontal but inclined at a certain angle along the side wall of the pilot tunnel during installation, the transition elbow 8 can facilitate the connection between the fixed pipe 1 and the horizontally arranged horizontal support pipe 9. Generally, the transition elbow 8 includes a horizontal section pipe and an inclined section pipe. The outer wall of the inclined section pipe is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed pipe 1, and the outer wall of the horizontal section pipe is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the horizontal support pipe 9. After the anchor member 2 is removed, the horizontal support pipe 9 can be connected to the fixed pipe 1 through the transition elbow 8 to form a lateral support, further improving the stability and safety of the temporary support structure 200.

[0110] For a tunnel constructed by the double-sided pilot tunnel method, as shown in Figure 22 , both ends of the horizontal support pipe 9 can be directly connected to the fixed pipes 1 connected in the two temporary support structures 200 arranged on both sides of the pilot tunnel; for a tunnel constructed by the single-sided pilot tunnel method, one end of the horizontal support pipe 9 is connected to the fixed pipe 1, and the other end can be directly connected to the side wall of the excavated soil body of the pilot tunnel (the side wall of the excavated soil body needs to be simply treated). For each of the multiple detachable anchor devices 100 installed on the entire temporary support, whether to install the closure member 7 or the horizontal support pipe 9 on each fixed pipe 1 depends on actual needs.

[0111] In summary, the entire detachable anchor device 100 and its usage method have at least the following advantages:

[0112] (1) The entire detachable anchor device 100 can be reasonably assembled according to engineering needs, can work under various geological conditions, and has high adaptability. When in use, the assembled components are inserted into the corresponding slots, and the fixed pipe 1 can be fixed on the temporary support structure 200 through bolt connection, so that the anchor device and the temporary support structure 200 form an integral structure. By pushing the adjusting rod 5 to extrude and expand each expansion member 41 to form a triangular support, the anchor member 2 can be clamped in the surrounding soil mass. Continuing to push the adjusting rod 5 can also push the drill bit assembly 6 forward and deep into the soil mass to further reinforce the soil mass, making the structure more stable.

[0113] (2) By tightening the adjusting rod 5 to apply a force to the anchor member 2, precise control of the force on the anchor member 2 can be achieved. During the disassembly process, by unscrewing the adjusting rod 5 to release the internal force, the excavation efficiency of the soil mass can be improved to a certain extent. The entire detachable anchor device 100 is designed at multiple locations to control the force on the anchor device through calculation, which is beneficial for mechanized construction, can effectively ensure the structural safety performance, and improve the construction efficiency.

[0114] (3) The anchor member 2 meets the design requirements through the assembly of each drill pipe 23, each intermediate pipe 24, and the connecting pipe 25. During the demolition process, it can be disassembled section by section in sequence, with strong flexibility, which is convenient for reuse in subsequent construction processes. Compared with traditional grouted small anchors, the detachable anchor device 100 can be reused, and each component is easy to replace, which can greatly save building materials and the cost of soil reinforcement during tunnel construction, and has good economy; and mechanized control is considered to a certain extent, with good application prospects.

[0115] (4) After the anchor member 2 is disassembled, some fixed pipes 1 can be flexibly combined according to the arrangement of the temporary support structure 200, and a horizontal support can be formed by connecting the horizontal support pipe 9 through the adapter elbow 8, or an anchor can be formed by connecting the closure member 7, which further improves the stability and safety of the temporary support structure 200 and has a good effect on ensuring the safety of tunnel construction.

[0116] The above is only a schematic specific implementation manner of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principles of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A detachable bolt device, characterized in that, Comprising: Fixed pipe; A hollow anchor rod member, the first end of which is detachably and fixedly connected to the first end of the fixed pipe, and a clamping jaw is fixedly provided at the second end thereof; a plurality of expansion assemblies are arranged at intervals along the axial direction on the pipe wall of the anchor rod member, and each group of the expansion assemblies includes a plurality of expansion members arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the anchor rod member and capable of protruding outwards; Adjusting rod, the adjusting rod is axially slidably inserted into the anchor rod member and can push each of the expansion members to protrude outwards; And a drill bit assembly, located outside the second end of the anchor rod member; the clamping jaw can be clamped on the first end of the drill bit assembly, or the first end of the adjusting rod can protrude out of the second end of the anchor rod member and be clamped on the first end of the drill bit assembly, and the clamping jaw can be clamped on the first end of the adjusting rod; The anchor rod member includes a plurality of hollow drill pipes and a plurality of intermediate pipes detachably and fixedly connected between two adjacent drill pipes, a connecting pipe is detachably and fixedly connected to the end of the drill pipe near the second end of the anchor rod member, each group of the expansion assemblies is respectively arranged on the corresponding intermediate pipe, and the clamping jaw is fixedly provided at the end of the connecting pipe; the fixed pipe is of a sleeve structure, a convex ring protrudes outwards at the second end of the fixed pipe, and a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the convex ring.

2. The detachable bolt device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each group of the expansion assemblies further includes an expansion ring formed by enclosing a plurality of arc-shaped plates, and the expansion ring is arranged inside the anchor rod member; each expansion member includes a radial locking rod and two lateral locking rods symmetrically arranged on both sides of the radial locking rod, the radial locking rod is radially slidably inserted into the pipe wall of the anchor rod member, and each of the lateral locking rods is located outside the anchor rod member; The first ends of the two lateral locking rods are both hinged to the first end of the radial locking rod, the second ends of the two lateral locking rods are both hinged to the outer wall of the anchor rod member, and the hinge points can slide axially along the anchor rod member, the second end of the radial locking rod extends into the anchor rod member and is fixedly connected to the corresponding arc-shaped plate; a plurality of variable cross-section segments are formed at intervals along the axial direction on the adjusting rod, the outer diameter of each variable cross-section segment is larger than the outer diameter of the adjusting rod, and both ends of each variable cross-section segment are transition conical surfaces, and each variable cross-section segment can be respectively inserted into the corresponding expansion ring.

3. The detachable bolt device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Grooves are formed in the outer wall of the anchor rod member corresponding to the second ends of the lateral locking rods, the length direction of the grooves extends along the axial direction of the anchor rod member, and axially slidable sliders are embedded in the grooves, and the second ends of the lateral locking rods are hinged to the sliders.

4. The detachable bolt device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A first spring is further fixedly connected between the second end of the radial locking rod and the corresponding arc-shaped plate.

5. The detachable bolt device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drill bit assembly includes a connecting cylinder with an open end and a drill bit fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting cylinder, the open end of the connecting cylinder is the first end of the drill bit assembly, and the first end of the adjusting rod can be inserted into the connecting cylinder.

6. The detachable bolt device according to claim 5, characterized in that, A plurality of embedding grooves are formed in the outer wall of the first end of the adjusting rod along its circumferential direction. A locking block is slidably embedded in each of the embedding grooves in the radial direction, and a second spring is fixedly arranged between the locking block and the bottom of the corresponding embedding groove. An annular clamping groove is formed in the inner wall of the connecting cylinder, and the cross section of the clamping groove is triangular. The outer ends of the locking blocks are matched with the shape of the clamping groove, and the outer ends of the locking blocks can be clamped in the clamping groove.

7. The detachable bolt device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The adjusting rod includes a first straight rod, an intermediate rod and an end rod which are sequentially connected near its first end, a second straight rod near its second end, and a plurality of variable cross-section rods which are sequentially connected between the first straight rod and the second straight rod. The adjacent two variable cross-section rods and the first straight rod and the second straight rod and the corresponding variable cross-section rods are detachably and fixedly connected. Each variable cross-section segment is formed on the corresponding variable cross-section rod. Screw holes are formed in the opposite end faces of the first straight rod and the end rod. Screws are fixedly arranged at both ends of the intermediate rod, and the screws are in threaded connection with the corresponding screw holes. A plurality of through grooves penetrating through both end faces of the intermediate rod are formed in the intermediate rod along the circumferential direction, and the through grooves and the end faces of the first straight rod and the end rod form the embedding grooves.

8. The detachable bolt device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A rubber ring is arranged on the end face of the convex ring away from the first end of the fixed pipe, and through holes are formed in the rubber ring at positions corresponding to the mounting holes.

9. A method for using the detachable bolt device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1. Grooving the soil to be excavated to form a groove hole. S2. Assembling the fixed pipe, the anchor rod member and the drill bit assembly, and clamping the clamping jaws on the first end of the drill bit assembly. Then inserting the assembled assembly into the groove hole, and fixedly connecting the second end of the fixed pipe with a temporary support structure arranged on the soil to be excavated. S3. Inserting the adjusting rod into the anchor rod member and extending it forward to a specified position, so that each expansion member extends outwards and penetrates into the soil around the anchor rod member. S4. Continuing to push the adjusting rod forward, so that its first end extends out of the anchor rod member and is clamped on the first end of the drill bit assembly. The drill bit assembly is separated from the clamping jaws and advances forward under the thrust of the adjusting rod, so that the drill bit assembly penetrates into the soil at the bottom of the groove hole. S5. When excavating the soil in the anchorage area of each detachable anchor device, first take out the adjusting rod, and then remove the drill bit assembly and the anchor rod member during the soil excavation process.

10. The method for using the detachable bolt device according to claim 9, characterized in that, After step S5, the following steps are further included: S6. After the anchor rod member is removed, connect a sealing member or a horizontal support pipe to the first end of the fixed pipe. After the temporary support structure is removed, then remove the sealing member or the horizontal support pipe.

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