Visual test device for filling medium instability failure

Abstract

The present invention provides a filling medium instability and damage visualization test device, which belongs to the field of geological monitoring technology, and comprises a filling box for filling a filling medium simulating soil; a plurality of loading mechanisms for applying stress to the filling medium in the filling box; a water injection mechanism for adding a fluid that penetrates into the filling medium into the filling box; the filling box is arranged in the loading frame, and the loading mechanism is arranged on the loading frame; wherein one side of the filling box (1) is made of a transparent material. The present invention realizes the process of simulating the infiltration and damage of water flow from top to bottom; a displacement sensor is installed on the stress rod, which can indirectly monitor the displacement change during the stress loading process; a detachable and replaceable first bottom plate and a second bottom plate are divided into a non-retractable first bottom plate with holes and a retractable impermeable second bottom plate, which respectively simulate the infiltration and instability damage of the filling medium under the permeable condition and the instability damage of the filling medium under different fault conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering test devices, and in particular to a filling medium instability and destruction visualization test device. Background Art

[0002] In order to meet the needs of the transportation industry, in tunnel construction, it is sometimes inevitable to carry out tunnel excavation in unfavorable strata prone to geological disasters such as sudden water and mud. For example, underwater tunnel projects face technical difficulties such as long distances and high water pressure, which can easily lead to frequent geological disasters during underwater tunnel construction.

[0003] The seepage of water in the stratum medium is the main cause of sudden water disasters in tunnel projects. Seepage refers to the phenomenon that water penetrates the gaps in the soil medium under the action of water level difference. Common seepage damage modes are quicksand and pipe bursts. If the water flow is not controlled, the seepage path in the soil may be completely opened, resulting in a sharp increase in the amount of water inrush. Compared with mountain tunnels, underwater tunnels have a larger head difference and are more prone to sudden water disasters.

[0004] In the study of the instability mechanism of soil under seepage, the existing seepage damage test equipment has a single function and does not consider the seepage damage mode of lateral seepage. Therefore, the seepage test of filling media under many different working conditions cannot be completed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a filling medium instability failure visualization test device to solve at least one technical problem existing in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a filling medium instability failure visualization test device, comprising:

[0008] A filling box, used to fill the filling medium of the simulated soil;

[0009] a plurality of loading mechanisms for applying stress to a filling medium in the filling box;

[0010] A water injection mechanism, used for adding a fluid that permeates into the filling medium into the filling box;

[0011] The filling box is arranged in the loading frame, and the loading mechanism is arranged on the loading frame;

[0012] One side surface of the filling box is made of transparent material.

[0013] Preferably, a mounting hole is provided on the loading frame, a slide cylinder is provided in the mounting hole, and the stress rod slides through the slide cylinder and is connected to the loading plate via a connector.

[0014] Preferably, the loading mechanism comprises a stress rod movably passing through the loading frame, and a loading plate connected to an end of the stress rod and capable of extending into the filling box.

[0015] Preferably, the side wall of the filling box is provided with an opening for the loading plate to extend into.

[0016] Preferably, a sealing strip is provided between the loading plate and the side wall of the opening.

[0017] Preferably, the loading frame is arranged on a base.

[0018] Preferably, the bottom of the filling box is a detachable first bottom plate; a plurality of water-permeable holes are provided on the first bottom plate.

[0019] Preferably, the bottom of the filling box is a slidably arranged second bottom plate, and a position calibration device is provided on one side of the second bottom plate for calibrating the sliding position of the second bottom plate.

[0020] Preferably, the bottom of the filling box is a detachable second bottom plate, and the second bottom plate is not provided with water permeable holes.

[0021] Preferably, a displacement sensor is provided on the stress rod, and the displacement sensor is used to measure the deformation value of the filling medium under the applied stress.

[0022] Preferably, a pressure gauge is provided on the stress rod, and the pressure gauge is used to measure the pressure value exerted on the filling medium.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the sealing at the openings of the stress loading plate and the filling box realizes the simulation of the process of water flow penetration and destruction from top to bottom; a displacement sensor is installed on the stress rod, the stress rod is connected to the stress loading plate, and the displacement sensor can indirectly monitor the displacement change during the stress loading process; the detachable and replaceable first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are divided into a non-retractable first bottom plate with holes and an impermeable second bottom plate, which respectively simulate the penetration instability destruction of the filling medium under water permeable conditions and the instability destruction of the filling medium under different fault conditions; the filling medium container adopts transparent fiberglass material, which realizes the visualization of the instability destruction process of the filling medium.

[0024] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, which will become obvious from the following description, or may be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of the filling medium instability and failure visualization test device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a side structural diagram of the filling medium instability failure visualization test device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a top view of the structure of the filling box of the filling medium instability failure visualization test device described in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a front view of the filling box of the filling medium instability failure visualization test device described in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the loading mechanism of the filling medium instability failure visualization test device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 It is a structural exploded diagram of the connection between the loading mechanism and the filling box according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a fault simulation structure diagram described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Among them: 1-filling box; 2-loading frame; 3-stress rod; 4-loading plate; 5-base; 6-first bottom plate; 7-displacement sensor; 8-water pipe; 9-opening; 10-sealing strip; 11-water permeable hole; 12-second bottom plate; 13-slip displacement recorder; 14-drain pipe; 15-fixed pointer; 16-visualized glass front plate; 17-sliding cylinder; 18-connector; 19-filling medium; 20-rock-similar material mold. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below by the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be interpreted as limiting the present invention.

[0035] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention belongs.

[0036] It should also be understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be understood to have a meaning consistent with that in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless as defined herein.

[0037] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, unless otherwise stated, the singular forms "a", "an", "said" and "the" used herein may also include plural forms. It should be further understood that the term "comprising" used in the specification of the present invention refers to the presence of the features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or groups thereof.

[0038] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0039] In the description of this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0040] In the description of this specification, the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present technology and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present technology.

[0041] Unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", and "set" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be fixedly connected or set, or detachably connected or set, or integrally connected or set. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this technology can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0042] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention is further explained below with reference to specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the specific embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0043] Those skilled in the art should understand that the drawings are merely schematic diagrams of embodiments, and the components in the drawings are not necessarily necessary for implementing the present invention.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] In this embodiment 1, a filling medium instability failure visualization test device is provided, comprising:

[0046] A filling box 1, used for filling a filling medium for simulating soil;

[0047] The filling box 1 is provided with a plurality of loading mechanisms for applying stress to the filling medium, and obtaining the value of the applied stress and the deformation value of the filling medium in the stress direction through a pressure gauge on a stress rod;

[0048] The filling box 1 is provided with a water injection mechanism for adding water that permeates into the filling medium into the filling box 1 .

[0049] In this embodiment, the water injection mechanism is a water pipe 8, which is arranged on the top of the filling box 1. The water pipe 8 is directly connected to the filling box. The water pipe 8 is connected to the faucet of the water source. When the faucet is turned on, water can be injected into the filling box 1.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, the bottom of the filling box 1 is a detachably arranged first bottom plate 6, and a plurality of water-permeable holes 11 are arranged on the first bottom plate 6. Part of the water that penetrates into the filling medium can flow out through the water-permeable holes 11 on the first bottom plate 6 at the bottom of the filling box, carrying part of the filling medium. Corresponding threaded holes are arranged on the first bottom plate 6 and the bottom surface of the side wall of the filling box 1, and the first bottom plate 6 is detachably connected with bolts.

[0051] In this embodiment 1, one side of the filling box 1 is made of a transparent material, and the other sides are provided with the loading mechanism. For example, the transparent material can be a glass fiber reinforced plastic material, such as Figure 1 As shown, the fiberglass material can be connected to the front plate of the filling box 1 by bolts, and the operator can observe the deformation of the filling medium in the filling box 1 with the naked eye through the fiberglass.

[0052] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the loading mechanism includes a stress rod 3, which first movably passes through the loading frame 2 and then is fixedly connected to the loading plate 4. The filling box 1 is provided with an opening 9 that matches the shape of the loading plate 4. The loading plate 4 can extend into the filling box 1 through the opening 9 to squeeze the filling medium in the filling box 1. A sealing strip 10 is provided on the side wall of the opening 9, which plays a sealing role and can prevent water in the filling medium from seeping out of the opening 9, thereby affecting the detection effect.

[0053] Specifically, a mounting hole is provided on the loading frame 2 , a slide cylinder 17 is provided in the mounting hole, and the stress rod 3 slides through the slide cylinder 17 and is connected to the loading plate 4 via a connector 18 .

[0054] The stress rod 3 is provided with a displacement sensor 7, and the displacement sensor 7 is used to measure the deformation value of the filling medium under the applied stress. The stress rod 3 is provided with a pressure gauge, and the pressure gauge is used to measure the pressure value of the filling medium.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] In this embodiment 2, a filling medium instability failure visualization test device is provided, including: a filling box 1, which is used to fill the filling medium simulating soil; the filling box 1 is provided with multiple loading mechanisms, which are used to apply stress to the filling medium, and obtain the value of the applied stress and the deformation value of the filling medium in the stress direction through the pressure gauge on the stress rod; the filling box 1 is provided with a water injection mechanism, which is used to add water that penetrates into the filling medium into the filling box 1. Figure 7 As shown, the rock-like material mold 20 simulating the fault is used to simulate fault zones of different widths and different inclinations. The rock-like material mold 20 has various inclinations and sizes, and the filling medium 19 is filled in the rock-like material mold 20 according to the inclination size, and the mechanical properties of the material are similar to those of the tunnel surrounding rock. It is used to simulate tunnel fault zones under different working conditions in real environments.

[0057] In this embodiment, the water injection mechanism is a water pipe 8, which is arranged on the top of the filling box 1. The water pipe 8 is directly connected to the filling box. The water pipe 8 is connected to the faucet of the water source. When the faucet is turned on, water can be injected into the filling box 1.

[0058] like Figure 4As shown, the bottom of the filling box 1 is a detachable and slidable second bottom plate 12, and a sliding displacement recorder 13 is installed under the filling box, which is responsible for recording the sliding width of the second bottom plate 12 of the container during each test. The top of the filling box is connected to the water pipe 8 and communicated with the water delivery device through the water delivery pipe 14. The drainage pipe 14 is set on the side plate of the loading frame 2.

[0059] Among them, the slip displacement recorder 13 includes a fixed pointer fixed to the bottom of the filling box 1 and a steel ruler matched with the fixed pointer. The reading indicated by the fixed pointer on the steel ruler is the slip displacement. A rolling pulley is installed on the two sides of the second bottom plate 12 of the filling box, and a groove matching with the rolling pulley is set at the bottom of the side plate of the filling box 1. The rolling pulley can slide on the groove similar to a drawer, so as to realize the slip of the slip displacement recorder 13. In this embodiment 2, one side of the filling box 1 is made of transparent material, and the loading mechanism is set on the other sides. For example, the transparent material can be a fiberglass material, such as Figure 1 As shown, the fiberglass material can be connected to the front plate of the filling box 1 by bolts, and the operator can observe the deformation of the filling medium in the filling box 1 with the naked eye through the fiberglass.

[0060] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the loading mechanism includes a stress rod 3, which first movably passes through the loading frame 2 and then is fixedly connected to the loading plate 4. The filling box 1 is provided with an opening 9 that matches the shape of the loading plate 4. The loading plate 4 can extend into the filling box 1 through the opening 9 to squeeze the filling medium in the filling box 1. A sealing strip 10 is provided on the side wall of the opening 9, which plays a sealing role and can prevent water in the filling medium from seeping out of the opening 9, thereby affecting the detection effect.

[0061] Specifically, a mounting hole is provided on the loading frame 2 , a slide cylinder 17 is provided in the mounting hole, and the stress rod 3 slides through the slide cylinder 17 and is connected to the loading plate 4 via a connector 18 .

[0062] The transparent glass front baffle (i.e., the visual glass front plate 16) is fixed to the filling box by screws. The glass baffle is made of thickened GFRP glass, which is light, hard, non-conductive, and has strong bending and deformation resistance, so that the test results can be more accurate.

[0063] The loading plate 4 extends into the side plate opening 9 of the filling box to directly apply pressure to the filling medium. However, since it is impossible for the metal plates to fit completely together and there are still gaps, a circle of rubber sealing strip 10 must be pasted around the stress loading plate 4 to prevent water in the medium container from seeping out of the gaps between the side metal plates.

[0064] The stress rod 3 is provided with a displacement sensor 7, and the displacement sensor 7 is used to measure the deformation value of the filling medium under the applied stress. The stress rod 3 is provided with a pressure gauge, and the pressure gauge is used to measure the pressure value of the filling medium.

[0065] In this embodiment 2, the displacement sensor 7 is an LVDT displacement sensor. The side head of the LVDT displacement sensor is fixed on the stress rod. The probe is made of high-hardness wear-resistant material silicon nitride ceramic, and the moving part of the measuring axis is made of precision guide rails, so that the displacement captured by stress loading is more sensitive.

[0066] During the test, first, place the LVDT displacement sensor on the stress rod of the stress loading device and turn it on. The LVDT displacement sensor is used to monitor the displacement change of the loading plate. Start the power device for stress loading, so that the stress loading plate slowly rests on the edge of the filling medium container, and place the filling medium required for the test in the filling medium container.

[0067] During the test, first, place the LVDT displacement sensor on the stress rod of the stress loading device and turn it on. The sensor is used to monitor the displacement change of the loading plate. Start the power device for stress loading, so that the stress loading plate slowly rests on the edge of the filling medium container, and place the filling medium required for the test in the filling medium container.

[0068] Next, install the replaceable first bottom plate at the bottom of the filling medium. After installing the first bottom plate, start the water delivery device above the filling medium to slowly fill the entire filling box with water. Adjust the water injection flow of the water delivery device to achieve appropriate seepage conditions. Record the displacement data and stress data in the stress loading device.

[0069] Next, the first bottom plate at the bottom of the filling box is replaced with the second bottom plate. By adjusting the extended length of the second bottom plate, different filling medium fault widths are simulated, and the fault filling medium damage under impermeable conditions is simulated. The loading and test process is the same as the previous step. The slip displacement recorder 13 records the extension length of the second bottom plate each time, and also records the displacement data and stress data in the stress loading device, as well as the damage of the filling medium under faults of different widths and inclinations.

[0070] Next, after obtaining the stress data and displacement data required for the test, close the water supply tap, turn off the stress loading device, remove the stress applied to the filling medium by the loading plate and the sealing strip, observe and record the final failure form of the filling medium, and record the loss of the filling medium.

[0071] During the entire test process, the penetration test begins when the water tap is opened. As the penetration test time goes by, the entire process of penetration damage of the filling medium is observed on the visual glass front plate, and the seepage damage image is recorded every 10 minutes.

[0072] Finally, after obtaining all the data required for the test, close the water tap, turn off the stress loading device, remove the stress, and observe the final failure form of the filling medium.

[0073] In summary, the filling medium instability and destruction visualization test device described in the embodiment of the present invention has a seal at the openings of the stress loading plate and the filling box, which realizes the simulation of the water flow penetration and destruction process from top to bottom; a displacement sensor is installed on the stress rod, the stress rod is connected to the stress loading plate, and the displacement sensor can indirectly monitor the displacement change during the stress loading process; the replaceable metal bottom plate device is divided into a non-retractable permeable first bottom plate with holes and a retractable impermeable second bottom plate, which respectively simulate the filling medium penetration instability and destruction under water permeability conditions and the filling medium instability and destruction under different fault conditions; the filling medium container adopts transparent fiberglass material, which realizes the visualization of the filling medium instability and destruction process.

[0074] Although the above describes the specific implementation mode of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work on the basis of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A visual test device for instability and failure of filling medium, It is characterized in that include: A filling box (1) is used to fill a filling medium simulating soil; A plurality of loading mechanisms, used to apply stress to the filling medium in the filling box (1); A water injection mechanism, used for injecting a fluid that penetrates into the filling medium into the filling box (1); The filling box (1) is arranged in a loading frame (2), and the loading mechanism is arranged on the loading frame (2); Wherein, one side of the filling box (1) is made of a transparent material; The bottom of the filling box (1) is a slidably arranged second bottom plate (12), and a position calibration device is provided on one side of the second bottom plate (12) for calibrating the sliding position of the second bottom plate (12); The extended length of the second bottom plate is adjusted to simulate different filling medium fault widths and the damage of the fault filling medium under impermeable conditions; the slip displacement recorder records the extension and contraction length of the second bottom plate each time, and simultaneously records the displacement data and stress data in the stress loading device, as well as the damage of the filling medium under faults of different widths and inclinations.

2. The filling medium instability failure visualization test device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The loading mechanism comprises a stress rod (3) which is movable and passes through the loading frame (2), and a loading plate (4) which is connected to the end of the stress rod (3) and can extend into the filling box (1).

3. The filling medium instability failure visualization test device according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The loading frame (2) is provided with a mounting hole, a slide cylinder (17) is provided in the mounting hole, and the stress rod (3) slides through the slide cylinder (17) and is connected to the loading plate (4) via a connector (18).

4. The filling medium instability failure visualization test device according to claim 3, It is characterized in that An opening (9) is provided on the side wall of the filling box (1) for the loading plate (4) to extend into.

5. The filling medium instability failure visualization test device according to claim 4, It is characterized in that A sealing strip (10) is provided between the loading plate (4) and the side wall of the opening (9).

6. The filling medium instability failure visualization test device according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The loading frame (2) is arranged on a base (5).

7. The filling medium instability failure visualization test device according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The stress rod (3) is provided with a displacement sensor (7), and the displacement sensor (7) is used to measure the deformation value of the filling medium under the action of the applied stress.

8. The filling medium instability failure visualization test device according to claim 7, It is characterized in that The stress rod (3) is provided with a pressure gauge, and the pressure gauge is used to measure the pressure value exerted on the filling medium.

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