A sand and dust friction and wear test device

Abstract

The present invention provides a sand dust friction and wear test device, including an environmental test box and a radial loading system, and a pressure sensor for monitoring the loading load, wherein the loading rod of the radial loading system is fixedly connected to a road wheel to be tested in the environmental test box, and the road wheel to be tested can rotate, and the test device also includes a rotary loading system and a circulating sandblasting system, wherein the driving wheel of the rotary loading system is located in the environmental test box and can be in pressure contact with the road wheel to be tested, and the sandblasting port of the circulating sandblasting system is directly facing the contact part between the driving wheel and the road wheel to be tested, and continuous sandblasting is performed during the loading process. The sand dust friction and wear test device provided by the present invention can be used to carry out environmental tests on road wheels or load belts used in desert environments, and solves the technical problems of poor stability and poor reliability of the test device under the condition of large load and rotation during the test process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of testing devices for road wheels or load-bearing belts, and in particular relates to a sand and dust friction and wear testing device. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, document CN207169760U discloses a new type of sand and dust test box, including a closed test box with an observation window, a blower device for controlling the airflow circulation in the test box, a sandblasting device connecting the blower device and the test box, a sand and dust recovery device and a control system arranged below the test box and connected thereto, and a sand and dust suction device is arranged at the end of the pipe of the sand and dust recovery device. However, this sand and dust test box can only be used to artificially simulate the dust environment to test the dustproof ability of the tested product, and the box sample is in a static state and cannot be used to carry out friction and wear tests.

[0003] In addition, most of the existing environmental testing devices are developed for single or combined loading modes of torque, tension, compression, and bending, such as the constant and fatigue stress testing device disclosed in CN108279179A, and the marine climate environment-torsion load coupling testing device disclosed in document CN109163986A. Although these testing devices have excellent performance, they are still not suitable for conducting environmental tests on road wheels or load belts in desert environments (such as equipment road wheels or load belts used in desert environments). More importantly, the load of equipment road wheels or load belts used in desert environments usually weighs tens of tons, and the use environment is very harsh, so it is a major difficulty to conduct environmental tests on them.

[0004] More importantly, there are currently no sand and dust friction and wear test devices at home and abroad. When the existing test devices are directly used to conduct tests in the desert or simulated desert environment, equipment failures are prone to occur, making it difficult to carry out normal simulation tests. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a sand and dust friction and wear testing device, which is used to solve the technical problem that the existing testing devices are unable to carry out environmental tests on road wheels or load belts in desert environments.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solution.

[0007] A sand and dust friction and wear testing device comprises an environmental test chamber and a radial loading system, and a pressure sensor for monitoring the loading load, characterized in that: a loading rod of the radial loading system is fixedly connected to a road wheel to be tested in the environmental test chamber, and the road wheel to be tested can rotate, the testing device also comprises a rotary loading system and a circulating sandblasting system, the driving wheel of the rotary loading system is located in the environmental test chamber and can be in pressure contact with the road wheel to be tested, the sandblasting port of the circulating sandblasting system is directly opposite to the contact part between the driving wheel and the road wheel to be tested, and continuous sandblasting is performed during the loading process.

[0008] In order to improve the stability of the test device during the test, the radial loading system includes a rigid frame, and the environmental test chamber is located inside the rigid frame; two sets of sliding components are arranged on the rigid frame, each sliding component is connected to the guide support beam, the guide support beam is perpendicular to the loading rod and connected as a whole, the top of the loading rod is located outside the environmental test chamber and connected to the servo drive mechanism, and the linear servo actuator of the servo drive mechanism is located on the top of the rigid frame to drive the loading rod up and down; when the servo drive mechanism drives the loading rod to move, the guide support beam and the load-bearing wheel under test follow the loading rod to move synchronously.

[0009] In order to further improve the stability of the test device during the test, the rotary loading system includes an AC servo motor, which is connected to a drive wheel. The drive wheel is located directly below the load-bearing wheel under test. The upper end of the support seat of the drive wheel is located in the environmental test chamber and connected to the drive shaft, and the lower end of the support seat of the drive wheel is located outside the environmental test chamber and fixed on the platform.

[0010] In order to improve the environmental stability during the test, the circulating sandblasting system includes a sandblasting tube with a sandblasting pump and a return sand pipe. One end of the sandblasting tube is connected to the sandblasting gun and extends into the environmental test chamber. The return sand pipe is connected to the sand collecting area at the bottom of the environmental test chamber, and the lumen volume of the sandblasting tube is not more than 1 / 3 of the total sandblasting volume.

[0011] As a preferred solution, the sand collecting area adopts a conical sand collecting hopper or a vibrating sand collecting hopper.

[0012] In order to increase the service life of the test device, a double sealing structure is used for the connection parts between the drive shaft and the support seat, the drive wheel, and the tested load-bearing wheel, and the connection parts between the environmental test chamber and the loading rod, the support seat, and the drive shaft.

[0013] In order to further improve the service life of the test device, a support frame is also provided at the lower end of the loading rod. The support seat and the support frame are both gate-shaped structures, and the tested load-bearing wheels and driving wheels are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the corresponding gate-shaped structures.

[0014] As a preferred solution, the pressure sensor is installed on the top of the loading rod.

[0015] In order to improve the accuracy of the test results and significantly reduce the difficulty of the test operation, the test device also includes a control system, which is respectively connected to the controller of the environmental test box, the radial loading system, the rotary loading system and the cyclic sandblasting system. The control system includes a display, a memory, a processor and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the following functions and steps are realized:

[0016] Control the sandblasting pump of the circulating sandblasting system to run according to the preset value to control the sandblasting flow rate; control the loading load of the radial loading system to control the radial force of the road wheel under test; control the speed of the AC servo motor of the rotary loading system to control the speed of the driving wheel; control the temperature in the environmental test chamber;

[0017] Step 1, control the temperature in the environmental test chamber, and execute step 2 after reaching the preset temperature value;

[0018] Step 2, control the rotation loading system to start, and make the AC servo motor rotate at speed V1, and execute step 3 after the speed stabilizes;

[0019] Step 3, control the radial loading system to start, drive the loading rod to move downward, and make the road wheel under test just in contact with the driving wheel without pressure, and then execute step 4;

[0020] Step 4, control the circulating sandblasting system to start, and perform sandblasting at a flow rate of A m³ / min, and then perform step 5;

[0021] Step 5, controlling the radial loading system to make the loading rod continue to move downward until the loading load reaches a preset range value, and then executing step 6;

[0022] Step 6: After a test cycle is completed, obtain (output) test parameters such as time, speed, load, friction force, friction coefficient, friction torque, etc. Steps 1-5 can be repeated according to test needs.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the friction force of the rotary loading system is ≤5000N, and the linear speed is ≤15 m / s; the sand blowing speed of the circulating sand blasting system is 1m / ≤v≤30m / s, and the sand dust diameter is ≤850μm.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outer wall of the environmental test box is made of SUS304 stainless steel plate sprayed with plastic, the inner wall is made of SUS316 stainless steel plate, glass fiber wool is sandwiched in the middle, the bottom plate of the environmental test box has a load of not less than 3000kg / m², the visual door of the environmental test box is made of hollow anti-fog quartz glass, and an anti-shatter net is provided.

[0025] Beneficial effects: The sand and dust friction and wear test device provided by the present invention can be used to carry out environmental tests on road wheels or load belts used in desert environments, which solves the technical problems of poor stability and reliability of the test device under large load and load rotation during the test process; the sand and dust friction and wear test device provided by the present invention has the characteristics of compact structure, high rigidity, reliable specimen clamping, good centering, convenient clamping, etc., and can be equipped with various fixtures and environmental test devices to expand the test functions. During the test, a constant pressure can be applied to the road wheel under test, and a simulated load can be applied to the road wheel under test in an alternating load manner; the sand and dust friction and wear test device provided by the present invention also has the advantages of good stability and flexibility, and is easy to operate.

[0026] Easy to operate and low failure rate during use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The sand dust friction and wear test device in the embodiment is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 2 The sand dust friction and wear test device in the embodiment is shown in FIG. Figure 2 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention is further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the description of the following embodiments is only used to help understand the principle and core idea of ​​the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, improvements made to the scheme also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention. Example

[0030] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 A sand and dust friction and wear testing device comprises an environmental test chamber 1 and a radial loading system, and a pressure sensor 27 for monitoring the loading load, wherein the loading rod 21 of the radial loading system is fixedly connected to the tested road wheel 4 located in the environmental test chamber 1, and the tested road wheel 4 can rotate, and the testing device also comprises a rotary loading system and a circulating sandblasting system, wherein the driving wheel 41 of the rotary loading system is located in the environmental test chamber 1 and can be in pressure contact with the tested road wheel 4, and the sandblasting port of the circulating sandblasting system is directly facing the contact part between the driving wheel 41 and the tested road wheel 4, and continuous sandblasting is performed during the loading process.

[0031] In this embodiment, the radial loading system includes a rigid frame 22, and the environmental test chamber 1 is fixed in the rigid frame 22 by fasteners 26; two groups of sliding components 23 are arranged on the rigid frame 22, each sliding component 23 is connected to the guide support beam 24, the guide support beam 24 is perpendicular to the loading rod 21 and connected as a whole, the top of the loading rod 21 is located outside the environmental test chamber 1 and connected to the servo drive mechanism, and the linear servo actuator 25 of the servo drive mechanism is located at the top of the rigid frame 22 for driving the loading rod 21 up and down; the pressure sensor 27 is installed between the linear servo actuator 25 and the loading rod 21 and is connected to the loading rod 21. When the servo drive mechanism drives the loading rod 21 to move, the guide support beam 24 and the measured load-bearing wheel 4 follow the loading rod 21 to move synchronously.

[0032] Among them, the linear servo actuator 25 is externally installed with a hydraulic module consisting of a precision oil filter with a filtration accuracy of 0.003mm, an accumulator for the oil inlet and return circuits with pulse elimination and energy storage functions, and a two-stage electro-hydraulic servo valve dedicated to the dynamic testing machine. The precision oil filter is installed in front of the electro-hydraulic servo valve, which can effectively prevent the electro-hydraulic servo valve from being blocked due to hydraulic oil contamination. The linear servo actuator 25 is driven by a constant pressure servo pump station 30, which is mainly composed of a base plate, an oil tank, an oil pump motor unit, a valve block, a pipeline, a cooling system and other parts to provide working power; the pump station oil tank adopts a fully enclosed design, which can effectively prevent external impurities from entering the hydraulic system to pollute the hydraulic oil. The oil tank material adopts a stainless steel plate, which can effectively prevent the pollution of the hydraulic oil caused by metal corrosion. The oil pump and the motor unit are configured with a series double elastic support method to further reduce the noise of the pump station. The oil pump adopts a low-noise linear conjugate internal meshing gear pump. The high and low pressure soft switching hydraulic module composed of a main relief valve, an accumulator, a secondary main relief valve, a secondary relief valve and a reversing valve, and a precision oil filter is used to control the output pressure of the pump station; the pump station is equipped with a low-pressure start-up and high-pressure switching working mode, which can effectively reduce the impact of the hydraulic system; the pump station is equipped with an oil cooler for cooling the hydraulic system; the pump station is equipped with a double electric contact temperature control meter and a liquid level control meter; it has oil temperature (lower than 10°C and higher than 55°C), liquid level, oil filter blockage alarm and parking protection functions.

[0033] Among them, the controller of the servo drive mechanism can realize three-loop dynamic control of the actuator's test force, displacement, and strain, can control the test force according to major test waveforms such as sine wave, triangle wave, square wave, etc., and can achieve smooth switching between these three control modes. It has the characteristics of high control accuracy, strong adaptability, and good long-term stability. The DCS-3000 dynamic servo controller is specifically selected: the controller uses a 32-bit high-speed processor as the main control chip and is equipped with a DSP high-speed computing chip, so it has a high computing speed and data processing capability, and can realize the entire control process from data acquisition, PID operation, Ethernet communication to output control in a short time, thereby realizing accurate dynamic closed-loop control of the testing machine; the controller input channel: has three analog input channels (1 load, 1 electronic extensometer, and 1 spare channel), all of which use independent 16-bit high-speed A / D converters for parallel high-speed data sampling, with up to 15 segments of linear compensation and correction functions, which greatly improves the measurement range and measurement accuracy of the sensor, has two photoelectric encoder 4-fold high-speed counting input channels, connected to 2 pull-wire displacement sensors, with 4 switch input interfaces, and can be connected to 4 switch input signals; the controller output channel uses 1 16-bit high-speed D / A output to control the nozzle baffle servo Servo valve or electromagnetic proportional reversing valve, 1 pulse frequency modulation output, can control servo motor, 4 switch output interfaces, can be connected to 4 intermediate relays; the controller adopts PID control strategy to realize closed-loop control of test force, and adopts PID control strategy to realize closed-loop control of displacement; the communication interface of the controller: 1 100MHz Ethernet communication interface, realizes high-speed data communication with PC, realizes the functions of real-time uploading of collected data and real-time issuing of control instructions, so as to achieve the purpose of real-time control of the test machine by PC, the control performance indicators of the controller: A / D sampling frequency 5kHz; A / D sampling code number, dynamic 5kHz (±10000 code), static load 50Hz (±200000 code); control cycle 0.2ms; test waveform frequency range 0.001Hz-50Hz; test waveform types are sine wave, triangle wave, square wave, ramp wave, custom wave; static control accuracy typical value is 0.3%FS, dynamic control accuracy typical value is 0.5%FS.

[0034] In this embodiment, the rotary loading system includes an AC servo motor 42, which is connected to a driving wheel 41, and the driving wheel 41 is located directly below the load-bearing wheel 4 to be tested. The upper end of the support seat 43 of the driving wheel 41 is located in the environmental test box 1 and connected to the driving shaft 44, and the lower end of the support seat 43 of the driving wheel 41 is located outside the environmental test box 1 and fixed on the platform 5. The circulating sandblasting system includes a sandblasting tube 31 with a sandblasting pump 33 and a return sand tube 34. One end of the sandblasting tube 31 is connected to a sandblasting gun 32 and extends into the environmental test box 1. The return sand tube 34 is connected to the sand collecting area at the bottom of the environmental test box 1, and the tube cavity volume of the sandblasting tube 31 is 1 / 3 of the total sandblasting volume.

[0035] In this embodiment, the sand collecting area adopts a conical sand collecting bucket or a vibrating sand collecting bucket, and the connection parts of the drive shaft 44 and the support seat 43, the drive wheel 41, and the tested road wheel 4, and the connection parts of the environmental test box 1 and the loading rod 21, the support seat 43, and the drive shaft 44 all adopt a double sealing structure. The connection part between the end face of the drive wheel 41 and the drive shaft 44 is sealed with a dustproof flange 28, and the connection part between the end face of the tested road wheel 4 and its rotating shaft is also sealed with a dustproof flange 28. A support frame 29 is also provided at the lower end of the loading rod 21, and the support seat 43 and the support frame 29 are both gate-shaped structures, and the tested road wheel 4 and the drive wheel 41 are respectively arranged on the inner side of the corresponding gate-shaped structures.

[0036] In this embodiment, the test device further includes a control system, which is respectively connected to the controller, radial loading system, rotary loading system and cyclic sandblasting system of the environmental test chamber 1. The control system includes a display, a memory, a processor and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the following functions and steps are implemented:

[0037] Control the sandblasting pump of the circulating sandblasting system to run according to the preset value to control the sandblasting flow rate; control the loading load of the radial loading system to control the radial force of the road wheel 4 under test; control the speed of the AC servo motor 42 of the rotary loading system to control the speed of the driving wheel 41; control the temperature in the environmental test box 1;

[0038] Step 1, controlling the temperature in the environmental test chamber 1, and executing step 2 after reaching a preset temperature value;

[0039] Step 2, control the rotation loading system to start, and make the AC servo motor 42 rotate at a speed V1, and execute step 3 after the speed stabilizes;

[0040] Step 3, control the radial loading system to start, drive the loading rod 21 to move downward, and make the tested road wheel 4 just in pressure-free contact with the driving wheel 41, and then execute step 4;

[0041] Step 4, control the circulating sandblasting system to start, and perform sandblasting at a flow rate of A m³ / min, and then perform step 5;

[0042] Step 5, controlling the radial loading system to make the loading rod 21 continue to move downward until the loading load reaches a preset range value, and then executing step 6;

[0043] Step 6: After a test cycle is completed, obtain (output) test parameters such as time, speed, load, friction force, friction coefficient, friction torque, etc., and repeat steps 1-5 according to test needs.

[0044] In this embodiment, the friction force of the radial rotation loading system is ≤5000N, the linear speed is ≤15m / s, and the rotation torque is ≤1000Nm; the sand blowing speed of the circulating sand blasting system is 1m / ≤v≤30m / s, and the sand dust diameter is ≤850μm. The outer wall of the environmental test box 1 is made of SUS304 stainless steel plate sprayed with plastic, the inner wall is made of SUS316 stainless steel plate, and glass fiber wool is sandwiched in the middle. The bottom plate of the environmental test box 1 is loaded with 3000kg / m², and the visual door of the environmental test box 1 is made of hollow anti-fog quartz glass, and an anti-shatter net is set.

[0045] Performance test: The sand dust friction and wear test device in this embodiment is used to carry out a simulated environmental test on the tank wheel. The sand used for blasting is the surface sand in the outdoor desert area of ​​the Dunhuang Environmental Test Station. The sand blasting rate during the test is controlled to be 10m / s, the inner diameter of the sand blasting tube used is 30mm, the preset range of the loading load in the above step 5 is 55KN, and the speed of the tested road wheel is 1000r / min. The total number of tests is 100 times, and there is no failure of the test device during the entire test.

[0046] The sand and dust friction and wear test device can be used to carry out environmental tests on road wheels or load belts used in desert environments, solving the technical problems of poor stability and poor reliability of the test device under large load and load rotation during the test process; the sand and dust friction and wear test device has the characteristics of compact structure, high rigidity, reliable specimen clamping, good centering, convenient clamping, etc., and can be equipped with various fixtures and environmental test devices to expand the test functions. During the test, it can apply a constant pressure to the road wheel under test, and can also apply a simulated load to the road wheel under test in the form of an alternating load. It also has the advantages of good stability and flexibility, is easy to use and operate, and has a low failure rate during use.

Claims

1. A sand and dust friction and wear test device, comprising an environmental test chamber (1) and a radial loading system, and a pressure sensor (27) for monitoring the loading load, characterized in that: The loading rod (21) of the radial loading system is fixedly connected to the road wheel (4) to be tested located in the environmental test box (1), and the road wheel (4) to be tested is capable of rotating. The test device also includes a rotary loading system and a cyclic sandblasting system. The driving wheel (41) of the rotary loading system is located in the environmental test box (1) and is capable of being in pressure contact with the road wheel (4) to be tested. The sandblasting port of the cyclic sandblasting system is directly opposite to the contact portion between the driving wheel (41) and the road wheel (4) to be tested, and can perform continuous sandblasting during the loading process. The radial loading system includes a rigid frame (22), and the environmental test box (1) is located in the rigid frame (22). Two sets of sliding components (23) are arranged on the rigid frame (22), and each sliding component (23) is connected to a guide support beam (24). The guide support beam (24) is vertically connected to the loading rod (21) and is integrally connected. The top of the loading rod (21) is located outside the environmental test chamber (1) and is connected to a servo drive mechanism. The linear servo actuator (25) of the servo drive mechanism is located on the top of the rigid frame (22) and is used to drive the loading rod (21) to move up and down. When the servo drive mechanism drives the loading rod (21) to move, the guide support beam (24) and the measured load-bearing wheel (4) follow the loading rod (21) to move synchronously. The rotary loading system includes an AC servo motor (42). The AC servo motor (42) is connected to a driving wheel (41). The driving wheel (41) is located directly below the measured load-bearing wheel (4). The upper end of a support seat (43) of the driving wheel (41) is located inside the environmental test chamber (1) and is connected to a driving shaft. (44), the lower end of the support seat (43) of the driving wheel (41) is located outside the environmental test box (1) and fixed on the platform (5); the circulating sandblasting system includes a sandblasting tube (31) with a sandblasting pump (33) and a return sand tube (34), one end of the sandblasting tube (31) is connected to the sandblasting gun (32) and extends into the environmental test box (1), the return sand tube (34) is connected to the sand collecting area at the bottom of the environmental test box (1), and the tube cavity volume of the sandblasting tube (31) is not greater than 1 / 3 of the total sandblasting volume; the lower end of the loading rod (21) is also provided with a support frame (29), the support seat (43) and the support frame (29) are both gate-shaped structures, and the tested load-bearing wheel (4) and the driving wheel (41) are respectively arranged on the inner side of the corresponding gate-shaped structures; the test device also includes a control system The control system is connected to a controller, a radial loading system, a rotary loading system and a circulating sandblasting system of an environmental test chamber (1), respectively. The control system comprises a display, a memory, a processor and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the following functions and steps are implemented: controlling the sandblasting pump of the circulating sandblasting system to operate according to a preset value to control the sandblasting flow rate; controlling the loading load of the radial loading system to control the radial force of the road wheel (4) under test; controlling the rotation speed of the AC servo motor (42) of the rotary loading system to control the rotation speed of the driving wheel (41); and controlling the temperature in the environmental test chamber (1); step 1, controlling the temperature in the environmental test chamber (1), and executing step 2 after the temperature reaches the preset temperature value;Step 2, control the rotation loading system to start, and make the AC servo motor (42) rotate at a speed V1, and execute step 3 after the speed stabilizes; Step 3, control the radial loading system to start, drive the loading rod (21) to move downward, and make the tested load wheel (4) just in pressure-free contact with the driving wheel (41), and then execute step 4; Step 4, control the circulation sandblasting system to start, and according to A m³ / min flow rate for sandblasting, and then execute step 5; step 5, control the radial loading system to make the loading rod (21) continue to move downward until the loading load reaches the preset range value, and then execute step 6; step 6, after a test cycle, obtain the time, rotation speed, load, friction force, friction coefficient, and friction torque test parameters, and repeat steps 1-5 according to test needs; the friction force of the rotary loading system is ≤5000N, and the linear speed is ≤15m / s; the sandblasting speed of the circulating sandblasting system is 1m / ≤v≤30m / s, and the sand dust diameter is ≤850μm; the outer wall of the environmental test box (1) is made of SUS304 stainless steel plate sprayed with plastic, and the inner wall is made of SUS316 stainless steel plate, with glass fiber wool sandwiched in the middle, and the bottom plate of the environmental test box (1) has a load of not less than 3000kg / m; 2 The visual door of the environmental test chamber (1) is made of hollow anti-fog quartz glass and is provided with an anti-shatter net; the sandblasting rate during the test is controlled to be 10 m / s, the inner diameter of the sandblasting tube used is 30 mm, the preset range of the loading load in the above step 5 is 55 KN, and the speed of the road wheel under test is 1000 r / min.

2. The sand and dust friction and wear testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sand collecting area adopts a conical sand collecting bucket or a vibrating sand collecting bucket.

3. The sand and dust friction and wear testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connection parts between the drive shaft (44) and the support seat (43), the drive wheel (41), and the road wheel (4) to be tested, and the connection parts between the environmental test box (1) and the loading rod (21), the support seat (43), and the drive shaft (44) all adopt a double sealing structure.

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