Method and apparatus for generating electrical energy using a wind / solar panel arrangement

Abstract

A method for generating electric energy using a wind power generation device, the wind power generation device comprising at least one nozzle, the nozzle comprising a converger and an expander and having a wind turbine arranged therein and a generator for generating electric energy, the method comprising: using the wind flow rebounded from the surface of a structure to rotate the working blades of the wind turbine impeller. The wind turbine arranged in the nozzle is installed at the maximum acceleration point when the wind flow passes through the surface of the structure, more specifically, at the junction angle of the surface of the structure, so that when the wind direction changes, the wind turbine continues to operate. The surfaces of the expander and the converger are joined to the surface of the structure, thereby allowing the wind flow captured by the downwind surface of the structure together with the converger to pass through the wind turbine and allowing the wind flow to be discharged through the expander combined with the opposite surface of the structure; the wind turbine through which the wind flow passes has a horizontal rotation axis and divides the angle at which the surface of the structure intersects into several equal angles; the generator for generating electric energy is installed in the nozzle; the wind flow accelerated by the surface of the structure is intercepted by the wind turbines arranged in a row by connecting the nozzles together along their peripheries at the corners at which the surfaces of the structure intersect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of solar energy and wind energy, and can be used to generate electricity in cities, towns, factories, farms and the wild. Background Art

[0002] The proposed invention utilizes wind flows and solar flows reflected by the outer plane of solar panels (solar cells) and building structures, wherein the wind flows are accelerated in a convergent-divergent nozzle so that wind power generation is generated, and the outer plane of the convergent-divergent nozzle equipped with photovoltaic cells can capture direct and reflected photon fluxes so that solar power generation is generated. The overall design of the power plant capable of utilizing wind and solar energy reduces the cost of generating electricity, and also increases the power generation of the solar panels on which the wind solar panels are installed due to the reflection of the additional photon flux thereon. Wind solar panels using water cooling can generate more electricity and can also extract thermal energy. In order to reduce costs and increase power generation, wind solar panels are equipped with photon reflectors made of reflective or light-diffusing materials.

[0003] [1] As a similar solution, the method according to patent CA 2753979 can be used. The fundamental difference with this similar solution is that the claimed invention uses a turbine with a horizontal axis of rotation, while the similar solution uses a turbine with a vertical axis of rotation (rotating disk turbine), which is almost twice as efficient. The second fundamental difference is that the claimed invention uses a convergent-divergent nozzle, which accelerates the airflow to a maximum value on the turbine, while the similar solution uses a long-angle duct, which does not accelerate the airflow on the turbine, but on the contrary slows it down. In addition, the convergent nozzle of the similar solution captures not the maximum accelerated wind flow, but only a part of it, while the claimed invention, on the contrary, has a convergent-divergent nozzle with a turbine installed in the center of the maximum accelerated flow, so that the generator produces the maximum possible power. Considering that the power depends on the cube of the wind speed, the difference in power output can be several dozen times. The third fundamental difference is that the converging nozzle of the claimed invention has the adjacent plane entering the plane of the building and the opposite plane making an obtuse angle with the plane of the building, wherein the turbine is open to the maximum high-speed wind flow, while in the case of a similar scheme the adjacent and opposite planes are parallel to the plane of the building and only part of the accelerated flow enters them and the turbine is closed to the maximum accelerated flow. The material consumption of the structure of the similar scheme is large and therefore the cost is high. In the similar scheme, the internal plane of the duct supplying the air flow to the turbine is not open to photon irradiation. The wind farm proposed in the present application can be assembled from conventional computer electric fans (coolers), which, in terms of material consumption, are installed in a small confuser-diffuser plane nozzle, from which wind and direct sunlight are collected, which significantly reduces construction costs and increases power generation due to the use of wind flow to cool the photovoltaic cells and clean surface dust.

[0004] [2] As another similar patent that can be adopted is US20110049904, in which the convergent-divergent section is made of square sections and assembled into a square of many such sections. The essence of this patent is to accelerate the airflow through a nozzle that rotates the turbine.

[0005] This similar patent uses a very long duct structure with one-way air intake, that is, it can only work in one direction, and the resistance to the wind flow is very large, so the efficiency is very low, and the design cost is high due to the large material consumption. Capturing the wind flow requires a rotating mechanism and a tracking system, which makes the use of the power plant very expensive. In the claimed invention, the turbines work in two directions and are placed in a short duct (nozzle) that does not require a rotating system and a tracking system, which reduces their cost. If the wind solar panel is installed on a solar panel with an existing rotating system, this will not increase the total cost of the system, but it will increase the power generation, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the structure.

[0006] [3] In its initial form, patent CA 2739535 A1 proposes a method and a device, the essence of which is to generate electrical energy from wind and sun. The wind flow accelerated by the plane of the building is accelerated by a converging nozzle made of solar panels (solar cells), which rotates the turbine and then discharges it through a diffuser also made of solar panels. The height and width dimensions of the converging-diverging part are smaller than the length of the nozzle, which increases the resistance of the wind farm and thus reduces efficiency, increases material consumption and thus increases costs. In its initial form, the fundamental difference from the claimed invention is that the sun-ray capturing plane does not capture the airflow of the turbine, and therefore the accelerated airflow does not cool the solar panels. In its initial form, as in previous similar solutions, the converging nozzle and the turbine are not set to maximum acceleration of the wind flow, and therefore the generator will produce less power than the generator in the claimed invention. Summary of the invention

[0007] The problem solved by the present invention relates to improving the efficiency of power generation, reducing costs and expanding the technical capabilities by combining solar and wind power plants in one design, which helps to increase the wind flow speed, capture additional reflected solar flux, and increase the total capture area of ​​solar and wind flows. The present invention also solves the problem of extracting additional electricity in an already operating solar power station (SPS), which is equipped with wind solar panels and works from solar and wind flows and sunlight reflected from the plane of solar panels and wind solar panels. The present invention solves the problem of solar wind panels generating thermal energy by heating the coolant that reduces the temperature of photovoltaic cells, which leads to additional generation of heat and electricity. The present invention solves the problem of reducing the cost of equipment, as well as the problem of reducing the cost of equipment installation and operation. The present invention solves the problem of reducing the negative impact of noise on humans and the environment by reducing the diameter of the turbine and installing it in the nozzle body, which significantly reduces the screw noise.

[0008] The economic benefits of using solar wind panels (SWP) are achieved through the dual use of existing structures. Thus, for example, the transverse planes of the building's surface simultaneously serve as structural elements of the building itself and simultaneously as structural elements of a convergent-divergent nozzle, which uses its surface to capture the wind flow and accelerate it as well as capture the photon flow and reflect it onto the panels. The location of the solar wind panels installed directly on the building reduces the losses of electricity during transmission to the consumer and reduces the consumption of electrical wires to the point of consumption; according to a layout similar to that of solar panels (solar cells).

[0009] These objects are achieved by a method for generating electrical energy in a wind power plant comprising at least one nozzle comprising a converging and diverging nozzle in which a wind turbine is located, and a generator for generating electrical power, the method comprising rotating the rotating rotor blades of a wind turbine rotor due to a wind flow reflected from a plane of a structure, while the wind turbine located in the nozzle is mounted at a position where the acceleration of the wind flow is greatest when bending about the plane of the structure, i.e. at the junction angle of the plane of the structure. angle) so that when the wind direction changes to the opposite direction, the wind turbine continues to operate, characterized in that the diverging and converging planes are combined with the plane of the structure to allow the wind flow collected by the leeward side of the structure together with the converging nozzle to pass through the wind turbine and turn the airflow together with the opposite plane of the structure through the diverging nozzle; the wind turbine through which the wind flow passes has a horizontal rotation axis and divides the joint angle of the plane of the structure into several equal angles, the generator that generates electricity is installed in the nozzle, and the wind flow accelerated by the plane of the structure is blocked by the wind turbines arranged along the peripheral combined nozzle at the joint angle of the plane of the structure, providing control signals for the operation and power failure of the wind turbine. The planes of the nozzles are solar cells that can simultaneously capture the wind flow and capture the photons that directly reach these planes from the sun and the photons reflected from the plane of the structure, and the parts of the wind farm with photovoltaic cells are combined into two or more to form a solar wind panel (SWP), in which the power plant is built in a continuous line along the entire length, which can most effectively capture the wind flow and the solar flow. In order to reduce the cost of SWP, they are installed on solar panels (SP) already placed on the structure, becoming part of the plane of the nozzle body or the plane of the structure, where instead of SP, the plane of the structure is covered with a mirror or diffuse reflective paint to reflect photons on the SWP plane, and the solar wind panel is cooled by a water flow, which can generate additional electricity and heat energy; in order to increase power generation and reduce the cost of SWP, it is installed on the already operating solar panel so as to capture the wind flow accelerated by the SP plane as much as possible, and the solar flux reflected from the SWP plane is directed to the SP, that is, the overall system of the two panels, when combined into a solar-wind solar panel (SWSP), uses the existing electrical communications for conversion and transmission of electricity, and if the operating solar panel is equipped with a rotating solar tracking system, when the wind and solar panels are placed on it, it performs rotation according to the electricity generated by the sun or wind, as the solar flux generates more electricity, the tracking system adjusts the SWSP to the sun, and as the wind flow generates more electricity, the tracking system adjusts the SWSP to the wind.

[0010] The electric energy generating device comprises a structural plane reflecting the wind flow, at least one part of which comprises a wind turbine having a wind wheel installed in the narrow part of a nozzle, the nozzle comprising a converging and diverging nozzle, guide and straightening blades and a generator generating electric power, and these parts are fixed in a line and installed at the junction angles of the plane of the structure so that the planes of the diverging and converging nozzles are combined with the plane of the structure, thereby increasing their working area, characterized in that the device is a wind farm, each part is made of a square section along the periphery; the wind turbine through which the wind flow passes has a horizontal rotation axis and divides the junction angle of the plane of the structure into several equal angles, and the wind wheel and the generator are fixed in a housing, the wind wheel is held from the side of the converging nozzle by guide blades made in the form of a fixed wheel and mounted on the converging nozzle, and on the side of the diverging nozzle - by straightening blades made in the form of a fixed wheel and fixed on the diverging nozzle, these parts are fixed by fastening contacts, which provide control signals for the operation of the wind turbine and the transmission of electric energy. The plane of the nozzle for capturing wind power is made of photovoltaic cells that convert solar energy into electrical energy, the shell of a wind power plant, in which the plane of the nozzle is made of photovoltaic cells, consists of one part, combined into two or more to form a solar wind panel (SWP), thereby reducing production costs, and in this case, the width of the SWP placed along the length of the convergent-divergent nozzle does not exceed its height, and the degree of expansion of the nozzle should not exceed 10, where the expansion angle is not greater than 150°. The rotor is fixed behind the blades of the wind wheel, the wind wheel rotates bidirectionally on a horizontal pin shaft, the horizontal pin shaft is fixed in a bearing held by the blades of the guide and straightening blades, the guide and straightening blades are fixed on the outer plane of the shell, and in order to improve energy efficiency, the SWP shell is cooled by a duct representing the shell frame, the SWP is installed at the junction of the planes of the solar panels (SP) already installed on the structure, and in order to improve energy efficiency, the adjacent areas of the structure are covered with photon reflectors or matte paint, the SWP is placed at the upper edge of the SP (SP is an already operating solar power plant) to form a new energy system that allows increasing power generation through solar and wind power flows, and when the SP is equipped with a rotation system, the SWP starts to generate power using the rotation system, and according to the power generation, the SWP on the front side is closed by the double-sided SP, and the double-sided SP is connected by a hinge on the upper edge and opened at a certain angle according to the power generation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 A portion of a solar wind panel according to an embodiment of the present application is shown, including a portion having a turbine shown in a disassembled form;

[0012] Figure 2 A solar wind panel composed of five connected parts according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0013] Figure 3 An apparatus including a building structure according to one embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0014] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of installing a solar wind power panel at the upper corner of a solar panel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0015] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the front of a VSP according to one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Figure 1 A portion of a solar wind panel is shown, including a portion with a turbine shown in disassembled form.

[0017] The proposed method embodies Figure 1 The device shown comprises, in the form of an integral part, a photovoltaic cell 1, a tubular frame 2, a turbine, and a generator, the turbine comprising a wind wheel 3 having a horizontal rotating shaft 4 mounted in a bearing 5, the generator comprising a rotor 6 and a stator 7 located in a housing 8, the photovoltaic cell and the bearing being mounted on the housing 8, fixed by guide vanes 9 and straightening vanes 10. That is, the wind wheel and the generator are fixed in the housing, it is held from the side of the converging nozzle by guide vanes fixed to the converging nozzle, and is held from the side of the diverging nozzle by straightening vanes fixed to the diverging nozzle. The electricity generated by the turbine is transmitted through one cable, and the electricity generated by the photovoltaic cell is transmitted through another cable, these cables are connected to the power converter where the inverter, controller and other devices are located. In order to cool the photovoltaic cell and the generator, water enters the housing through a first pipe 11 and is discharged through a second pipe 12, thereby removing excess heat and allowing additional power generation.

[0018] [4] The flow rate Π through a cross-sectional area F is equal to the product of that area, the flow velocity V, and the kinetic energy per unit of flow: Π = (ρFV3) / 2, where ρ is the flux density. This statement suggests that the highest efficiency in generating electricity from a generator is achieved not by increasing the capture area and the flux density, but by increasing the speed of the wind flow. By doubling the speed, the power on the generator increases eightfold, and by increasing the flow velocity tenfold, the power produced by the generator increases a thousandfold.

[0019] exist Figure 1In the figure, the front section of the SWP is square, with a height A reaching the maximum acceleration wind flow value. The central part of the section, where the horizontal axis of rotation of the wind wheel with the rotor is located, is installed in the center of the maximum acceleration wind flow through a solar panel or a building structure. The part of the nozzle shell does not overlap with the wind wheel from the central part of the maximum acceleration of the wind flow, so the efficiency of the SWP in generating electrical energy becomes maximum. [5] Using the ANSYS CFX software package to calculate the aerodynamic characteristics of the blade, it can be noted that the width of the maximum acceleration flow is about 20 to 50 times smaller than the height of the obstacle. Therefore, on a building with a height of, for example, 10 meters, it is recommended to use a section with a side length of no more than half a meter.

[0020] Solar wind panels work bidirectionally under the influence of wind flow and photons. The height of solar wind panels is relatively small because they are designed to capture a very narrow band of wind at a height, and when it goes around obstacles, it gets the highest flow rate. During the construction of the SWP part, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of the structure, which should capture the wind flow with minimal friction losses, while also capturing the solar flow, and have little material consumption.

[0021] Therefore, the width of the solar wind panel is small, which not only reduces material consumption but also reduces the resistance to the wind flow. [6] According to practical experience, the characteristics of the convergent-divergent nozzle will depend on the expansion angle α, the expansion degree n = F1 / F0 and the relative length l / D, where F1 is the capture area of ​​the convergent nozzle, F0 is the minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the nozzle, l is the length of the key part of the nozzle, and D is the diameter of the key part of the nozzle. According to the manual, in order to reduce friction losses and improve the efficiency of the generator, the main body of the SWP part should have the smallest possible width. In the direction of the wind flow, the length of the key part of the nozzle should also be as small as possible, the expansion ratio should not exceed 10, and the expansion angle should not exceed 150°.

[0022] Therefore, when erecting a section of a building with a height of 10m, where the obstacle avoidance height of the accelerating flow does not exceed 0.5m, the optimal height of the SWP should be about 400mm. Figure 1 The section in will have a square cross section with a height A and a length B of 400x400mm. To reduce material consumption and reduce resistance, the width C of the section should be as small as possible and should not exceed the height A. For the calculation, a section was used with a width of 162mm at an expansion angle of 140° and a length of 10mm in the critical part of the nozzle, which is necessary to place the fastener between the spiral blade and the rotor. With a five-fold expansion, the frontal area of ​​the section will be 16dm 2 Therefore, the diameter of the wind wheel is 200 mm and the area is 3.14 dm 2 .

[0023] According to Sandia Laboratories, the cubic relationship between wind energy and wind speed, calculated at the average annual wind speed at a specific location, can greatly exceed the energy produced by mast wind farms. Mast wind farms start operating at a wind speed of 5m / s and stop operating at a wind speed of 12.5m / s. From the start of operation, until the wind speed reaches 22m / s, the wind rotor switches to braking mode until it stops completely, so they operate in a very narrow wind speed range. Given that mast wind turbines are not suitable for low and high wind speeds, their contribution to the annual average total power generation is usually small. The proposed wind turbine installed in the SWP is able to operate in almost the entire wind speed range of 0.5 to 25m / s or higher because its diameter does not exceed 500mm. Therefore, the generator can generate electricity with three times stronger winds, thereby increasing the power output by 27 times. In traditional wind farms, the stable rotation of the rotor is achieved by the gearbox, which reduces the efficiency of power generation. The proposed solution makes use of placing the rotor behind the screw on a horizontal rotating axis, which improves efficiency, stabilizes the rotation speed due to the large moment of inertia, and thus smoothes the variations in wind speed.

[0024] [7] The moment of inertia is the sum of the mass of each particle of the object and the square of the distance of the particle from the axis of rotation. This value is called the moment of inertia i of the object (in this case, the rotating system): i = Σm·R 2 By moving the mass of the rotor away from the axis of rotation and increasing the moment of inertia, gusts are smoothed out, i.e. the rotor starts to work more smoothly. It gradually increases the rotation speed when the wind speed increases, and gradually decreases the rotation speed when the wind speed decreases.

[0025] [8] The EMF value induced by the generator is proportional to the magnetic flux F generated by the main poles and the rotor speed n: E = CFn, where C is a constant coefficient that combines the number of turns of the armature winding, the number of pole pairs and other constant values ​​used to characterize the generator.

[0026] During the operation of the motor in generator mode, mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. This process is based on the law of electromagnetic induction. An applied force F acts on a conductor placed in a magnetic field and moves it with a velocity υ perpendicular to the induction vector B of the magnetic field, while inducing an electromotive force E in the conductor: E = Blυ, where B is the magnetic induction intensity, T; l is the effective length of the conductor in the magnetic field, m; υ is the speed of the conductor, m / s. Therefore, using a rotor with a larger diameter than the diameter of the screw, the generator is able to produce more electricity, because the speed of the conductor in the rotor will be higher. The rotor can be made of permanent magnets or in the form of a "squirrel cage" for asynchronous motors. The rotor fixed to the outside of the screw prevents damage at almost any rotation speed that the wind force flow can provide.

[0027] Figure 2A solar wind panel (SWP) 13 is shown, which is made up of five parts connected, and its shell is combined into a whole to reduce costs. Panels composed of two or more parts can reduce their costs and equipment installation costs. In order to increase the power generation, the upper plane of the SWP is enclosed by a photovoltaic cell 1. It is easy to line up several wind solar panels in a row, which will collect a large amount of wind flow and solar flow. By placing the SWP and connecting it with a solar panel (SP) 14 along the lower edge, an additional effect for power generation can be generated during the operation of the SWP and the cost is significantly reduced. The photon flux will fall directly on the photovoltaic cell 1 placed on the SWP and SP shells, and reflect from their planes and redirect to their photovoltaic cells. The SWP and SP are set at an angle β within 110÷160°, which allows the wind flow 15 and solar flow 16 to be effectively collected. In order to reduce costs, a reflector plane of the same or larger area is installed in front of the SWP instead of a solar panel to reflect photons. As a reflector, a mirror or matte plane with a smooth or corrugated surface can be used.

[0028] [9] Diffuse reflectors can be used as reflectors to improve the power generation effect. The reflector can be a flat surface of a building that can be painted with reflective paint or diffuse paint to enhance the effect.

[0029] Figure 3 The device shown includes a building structure 17, on which are fixed five wind solar panels 13, which are usually assembled in a straight line from 25 parts, and solar panels 14 are installed on each side of the wind solar panels 13. The wind flow 15 accelerated by the plane of the building structure 18 enters the SWP 13 located in the maximum accelerated wind flow along the bisector of the plane junction. The wind flow cools the photovoltaic cells of the solar panels 14, allowing the photovoltaic cells to generate more electricity. On hot days, the SWP photovoltaic cells are cooled by water transported by pipes, which can also generate additional electricity and heat for the house. The solar flux 16 falling on the plane of the building structure 18 and the plane of the SWP is reflected to the photovoltaic cells of the SWP. The solar flux falling on the plane of the SWP is reflected to the SP plane, so that additional electricity can be generated.

[0030] On the building structure, solar wind panels can be placed at the vertical and horizontal junction of the building plane at the maximum acceleration of the wind flow. The accelerated flow generated by hitting the side of the building (around the corner) will also pass through the convergent nozzle, while additionally accelerating and rotating the wind wheel, and discharged through the divergent nozzle. Therefore, solar wind panels can be set along the horizontal, vertical and inclined angles of the building.

[0031] Compared to classic wind farms and individual solar panels on masts, the solar wind panels proposed in this application allow the collection of wind and solar energy from large surface areas.

[0032] The efficiency of SWP is achieved by increasing the wind speed over a large flat surface, that is, a SWP with a smaller rotor area will produce the same amount of electricity as a mast wind farm with a large rotor. For example, if the diameter of the SWP rotor is 200 mm, its area is 3 dm 2 If it receives a wind flow that is ten times faster, this means that its power generation will be equivalent to that of a mast-type wind farm using a 3000dm 2 The (6m diameter) rotor captures the power generation from normal wind. The SWP uses efficiency by collecting wind and solar energy from large building planes that collide with the flow of wind and photons.

[0033] A low-speed wind flow encountering an obstacle in the form of a building wall does not consume significant energy in friction due to its low strength, but due to the large area of ​​the building wall, the wind flow can be compressed and significantly accelerated when bending around the plane of the wall. In addition, the accelerated flow entering the turbine convergent nozzle accelerates even more and further rotates the rotor. The optimal narrowing of the convergent nozzle is in the range of 0.5 to 10 times when slight resistance is generated. Therefore, the convergent nozzle expansion degree used to calculate the efficiency of the panel section is taken within 5.

[0034] Considering that the present invention involves an area of ​​90m 2 , Application of rural houses with a vertical height of 9m, such as Figure 3 As shown in Figure 1, the solar wind panels are installed along the corners of the house roof. The house roof consists of two slopes, each with an area of ​​80m 2 The length of the plane joint is 11.5m. The side wall area below the roof plane is 60m 2 The solar wind panels consist of 25 sections and are installed vertically at the corners of the roof along the edge of the ridge, with a length of 10m. The area of ​​each section is 5.6m 2 , from which the wind flow around the building is collected. The panel part is made in the form of a square body with dimensions of 400×400×162, where the wind wheel diameter is 200mm and the coverage area is 3dm 2, the rotor is mounted outside the outer circumference of the wind rotor. The radius of the rotor is greater than that of the wind rotor, so it has a greater moment of inertia, which makes it possible to accelerate the airflow to a very high speed at the moment of a gust of wind, allowing the rotor to rotate smoothly, and when the wind pressure is released, the rotor is decelerated smoothly. This feature allows the screw and rotor to withstand very high accelerations and operate at any wind speed without breaking, and the smoothness of the rotor's rotation makes it possible to simplify the electronic equipment used to convert the mechanical energy of the rotor's rotation into electrical energy. According to preliminary estimates, the cost of one section is about 10,000RUB. Therefore, one solar wind panel consisting of five sections will cost 50,000RUB. The area of ​​​​the photovoltaic panel placed on one section of the solar wind panel reaches 35dm 2 , so its cost will be about 3500RUB.

[0035] The solar wind panel, which consists of 25 parts, will be able to accommodate an area of ​​8.75m 2 The photovoltaic cells can generate 180W of electricity per square meter in the southern latitude. Therefore, the entire solar wind panel will generate a maximum of 1.6kW of electricity. 2 A standard wind turbine generates 500W at a wind speed of 12.5m / s, so in an unaccelerated wind flow, a partial generator of a solar wind panel will generate 15W. Taking into account that the wind flow is accelerated by the building about twice and five times by the nozzle, the speed on the turbine can reach 125m / s. When the wind is accelerated ten times, the power generated by the generator increases a thousand times, i.e. the maximum power generated by the generator is 15kW. Taking into account that the friction losses will not exceed 2 / 3, it can be assumed that the generator will actually generate 5kW at a given wind speed. Therefore, all SWPs in this wind will be able to generate 125kW. In central Russia, the wind speed is about twice lower, which means that the power generation will decrease eight times and will reach 15.6kW, but it is still ten times the power generation of the solar SWP. Therefore, the average power generation of the solar wind panel driven by wind and solar energy is 17.2kWh. At this point in time, the market value of a solar power plant with a capacity of 17kW is about 4 million rubles, and a wind farm - 1.5 million rubles. If half of the electricity is generated by solar power and the other half by a wind power plant, the total cost will be 2.75 million RUB. The cost of a 17.2kW wind-solar panel in the series does not exceed 550,000RUB, of which the photovoltaic cell will cost 90,000RUB, the generator - 250,000RUB, and the rest of the costs will come from the controller and inverter. A power plant can be put on the market in the range of 1 million RUB, which will be a fairly low cost for a large-capacity power plant that can meet the energy needs of not only one house, but also several houses at the same time.

[0036]

[10] The proposed method can be very economical for energy production in the national economy. This is especially true when using solar wind panels (SWP) in combination with solar panels, which are assembled into powerful power plants. By installing solar wind panels 13 ( Figure 4 ), can solve the problem of nighttime power generation. Figure 4 In the present invention, the SP is mounted on a bracket 19 with a rotation system and a sun tracking system. When used in combination with the SWP and the SP, the system is supplemented by wind tracking and follows the sun or wind depending on the power generation of the photovoltaic cells and the generator.

[0037] The wind flow 15 captures the entire area of ​​the SP, accelerates it and directs it to the SWP wind rotor, the solar flux 16 reflected from the SP is directed to the SWP photovoltaic cells and vice versa. The solar flux 16 reflected from the SWP plane falls on the SP plane. The power generation of a solar power plant is limited by the presence of the sun. In the absence of the sun, the power plant does not generate electricity and the equipment is idle. This is especially important when the peak time is after sunset and consumers are particularly dependent on electricity supply. A single solar panel can cover a large area, for example, in the United States, they use a side length of 8x8m (i.e. 64m 2 ) solar panels that can capture not only photon flux, but also wind flow. By placing a solar wind panel on top of this solar panel, additional electricity can be generated around the clock if there is wind. At night, the sun tracking system will enable the wind tracking system, and the optimal inclination of the SP to the horizon will also be 45°. This will block the area of ​​wind flow to the greatest extent without blocking the adjacent SP. According to the same scheme, it is proposed to install solar wind panels on the mirrors of the solar power plant to heat water into steam, which will rotate the turbines. The area of ​​the mirrors reaches 120m 2 , there are 1300 of them in total, these plants do not work at night, and each mirror is equipped with a system to follow the sun. Therefore, it is also proposed to equip these mirrors with wind solar panels, so that additional electricity can be generated both during the day and at night. In order to reduce the cost of SWP, it is proposed to manufacture without photovoltaic cells, making its surface specular or diffuse to reflect photons on the plane of the SP or mirror.

[0038]

[11] The cost of a combined power plant equipped with SWP increases by no more than 10% of the total cost of a solar or CSP plant, and the power generation capacity can be increased by at least two times. For example, a solar power plant with a capacity of 100 MW and a value of €300 million located in Crimea. Thus, by equipping this power plant with wind and solar panels worth €30 million, it would be possible to generate at least 200 MW of electricity. In this case, for example, half of the power generation capacity would be generated at night.

[0039] The advantage of solar wind panels is that the small diameter wind turbine is located in the nozzle housing, and the noise and mechanical vibrations of the turbine are damped behind the guide vanes and straightening blades. The rotation of the small diameter turbine generates high frequencies that decay quickly and do not propagate over long distances.

[0040] exist Figure 5 The front part of the VSP 13 is shown, which is closed by a bifacial solar panel (DSP) 20 and can be opened by turning around a mounting axis 21. Due to the opening of the DSP, it is possible to achieve a greater capture of wind and solar flux. The opening angle of the DSP on each side is determined by the control system due to the amount of electricity produced by the generator and the photovoltaic cells.

[0041] From an economic point of view, it is necessary to take into account that as the diameter increases, the price of wind turbines begins to rise, and conversely, as the diameter decreases, its price decreases, therefore, the costs of wind turbines less than half a meter used in SWP will be the lowest.

[0042] Conventional mast wind farms start generating electricity when wind speeds exceed 5m / s. Solar wind panels can work at wind speeds of 0.5m / s because they use wind currents collected from the entire area of ​​the side of a building or solar panel, where the area of ​​the side of a building can reach hundreds of square meters.

[0043] Currently, expensive solar panels are rigidly fixed on land covering more than 100 hectares. When SWP is placed on them, additional electricity generation will be possible, which is actually captured from the blowing fan area equal to 300°. Depending on the construction conditions of the SWP nozzle, its opening angle can reach 150°, so the wind will blow towards it from 300°. Thus, the solar panels will generate the maximum possible amount of electricity at the maximum possible time of the day and night. The solar panels will capture both photons from the sun and photons reflected from the SWP plane, which will generate more electricity.

[0044] Power plants that operate using two energy sources, such as wind and solar, will be most efficient. Additional benefits will be achieved due to the unified system of energy conversion, wiring and transmission to consumers. The efficiency of using solar wind panels with solar panels and building structures makes it possible to consider this method and device for a wide range of applications in the energy field.

[0045] References:

[0046] [1]. François Gagnon – CA 2753979 Α1, – Cornerwind turbine for tall building, 2010.09.29;

[0047] [2]. Robert M. Freda – US20110049904, – Modular Array Fluid Flow Energy Conversion Facility, 2007.12.10;

[0048] [3]. Christopher George Edward Nightingale – CA 2739535, – Roof based energy conversion system, 2007.10.09;

[0049] [4]. D. de Renzo – Wind energy, – M.: Publisher “Energoatomizdat”, 1982, ch. 1.12.1 (D. de Renzo – Wind energy, – M.: Publisher “Energoatomizdat”, 1982, ch. 1.12.1);

[0050] [5]. Valery Vozhdaev – Calculation of aerodynamic characteristics of the vane using the ANSYS CFX software package / / Electronic resource: https: / / sapr.ru / article / 22024 (Valery Vozhdaev–Calculation of aerodynamic characteristics of the vane using the ANSYS CFX software package / / Electronic resource: https: / / sapr.ru / article / 22024);

[0051] [6].IE Idelchik – Handbook of pneumatic and hydraulic resistance;

[0052] [7]. D. Giancoli-Physics. Volume 1,-M.: Publisher "Mir". 1989, pp. 275-279 (D. Giancoli-Physics. Volume 1,-M.: Publisher "Mir". 1989, pp. 275-279);

[0053] [8]. Yu.A.Kulik–Electrical machines,–M.: Publisher “Higher School”, 1966, pp.62–79;

[0054] [9]. Ed. GS Landsberg – Elementary textbook of physics. Vol. 3. Vibrations and waves. Optics. Atomic and nuclear physics. – M.: Publisher “FIZMATLIT”, 2000, pp. 202 (Ed. GS Landsberg – Elementary textbook of physics. Vol. 3. Vibrations and waves. Optics. Atomic and nuclear physics. – M.: Publisher “FIZMATLIT”, 2000, pp. 202);

[0055]

[10] . V. Germanovich, A. Turilin – Alternative energy sources. Practical designs for the use of wind, sun, water, earth, biomass energy. – St. Petersburg: Publisher “Science and Technology” LLC, 2011, pp. 190–200;

[0056]

[11] . Andrey Kashkarov – Solar batteries and modules as power sources / / Modern electronics – 2015. – No. 5. – pp. 8.

Claims

1. A method of generating electrical energy by means of a wind power plant, the wind power plant comprising at least one nozzle, the nozzle comprising a converging and diverging nozzle in which a wind turbine is located and a generator for generating electrical power, the method comprising: The rotor blades of the wind wheel of the wind turbine are rotated due to the wind flow reflected from the plane of the structure, the wind turbine located in the nozzle is installed at the position where the acceleration of the wind flow is maximum when bending around the plane of the structure, that is, at the junction angle of the plane of the structure, so that when the wind direction is opposite, the wind turbine continues to operate, characterized in that the diverging and converging planes are combined with the plane of the structure to allow the wind flow collected by the leeward plane of the structure together with the converging nozzle to pass through the wind turbine and turn the wind flow together with the opposite plane of the structure through the diverging nozzle; the wind turbine through which the wind flow passes has a horizontal rotation axis and divides the junction angle of the plane of the structure into a number of equal angles, the generator for generating electricity is installed in the nozzle, and the wind flow accelerated by the plane of the structure is blocked by the wind turbines arranged along the peripheral combined nozzle at the junction angle of the plane of the structure; In which, the plane of the nozzle is a solar cell, which simultaneously captures the wind flow and captures photons that reach these planes directly from the sun and photons reflected from the plane of the structure, and the parts of the wind power plant with photovoltaic cells are combined into two or more to form a solar wind panel; the solar wind panel is installed on a solar panel already placed on the structure, and the solar panel becomes part of the nozzle body or the plane of the structure, and the plane of the structure is covered with a mirror or diffuse reflective paint to reflect photons on the plane of the solar wind panel, and the solar wind panel is cooled by water flow to generate additional electricity and heat energy.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The power plant is built in a continuous line along its entire length to capture the wind and solar currents most efficiently.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In order to increase power generation and reduce the cost of solar wind panels, the solar wind panels are installed on the already operating solar panels so as to capture as much wind flow accelerated by the plane of the solar panel as possible, and the solar flux reflected from the plane of the solar wind panel is directed to the solar panel, that is, when the overall system of the two panels is combined into a solar-wind solar panel, the existing electrical communication is used to convert and transmit electricity, and if the operating solar panel is equipped with a rotating solar tracking system, when the wind solar panel is placed thereon, it rotates according to the power generation of solar energy or wind, and as the power generated by the solar flux is greater, the tracking system adjusts the solar-wind solar panel to be oriented toward the sun, and as the power generated by the wind flow is greater, the tracking system adjusts the solar-wind solar panel to be oriented toward the wind.

4. An electric energy generating device comprising a structural plane reflecting aeolian flows, at least one part of which comprises a wind turbine having a rotor mounted in a narrow part of a nozzle, said nozzle comprising a converging and diverging nozzle, guide and straightening blades and a generator for generating electric power, while these parts are fixed in a line and mounted at the junction angles of the plane of the structure, so that the planes of said diverging and converging nozzles merge with the plane of said structure, thereby increasing their working area, characterized in that The device is a wind power plant, each part is made of a square section along the periphery; the wind turbine through which the wind flow passes has a horizontal rotation axis and divides the joint angle of the plane of the structure into a number of equal angles, and the wind wheel is fixed in a housing with the generator, the wind wheel is held from the side of the convergent nozzle by guide blades made in the form of a fixed wheel and mounted on the convergent nozzle, and is held on the side of the divergent nozzle by straightening blades made in the form of a fixed wheel and fixed on the divergent nozzle, and these parts are fixed by fastening contacts; In which the planes of the nozzles are solar cells, which simultaneously capture the wind flow and capture photons that reach these planes directly from the sun as well as photons reflected from the planes of the structure, and the parts of the wind power plant with photovoltaic cells are combined into two or more to form solar wind panels; the solar wind panels from the front side are closed by double-sided solar panels, which are hinged along the upper edge and open at a certain angle depending on the power generation.

5. The electric energy generating device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The width of the solar wind panel on which the convergent and divergent nozzles are laid along the length direction shall not exceed its height, and the divergence degree of the nozzles shall not exceed 10, wherein the divergence angle is not greater than 150°.

6. The electric energy generating device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotor is fixed behind the blades of the wind wheel, which rotates bidirectionally on a horizontal pin shaft, which is fixed in bearings held by the blades of the guide and straightening blades mounted on the outer plane of the shell to improve energy efficiency. The solar wind panel shell is cooled by ducts representing the shell frame.

7. The electric energy generating device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The solar wind panels are mounted at the junction of the planes of solar panels already mounted on the structure, and in order to improve energy efficiency, the adjacent areas of the structure are covered with photonic reflectors or matte paint.

8. The electric energy generating device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The solar wind panel is placed on the upper edge of the solar panel to form a new energy system, the solar panel is an already operating solar power plant, the power generation is increased by the solar energy and wind flow, and when the solar panel is equipped with a rotation system, the solar wind panel starts to generate electrical energy using the rotation system according to the power generation.

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