Near-bit axial punch vibrator

Abstract

The present invention provides a near-drill bit axial punching vibrator, which relates to drilling machinery and tools, including an upper joint, an outer cylinder, a hammer, an anvil, and a spline sleeve, wherein the outer cylinder is connected to the upper joint, the anvil is located in the hammer, and a spring is arranged between the hammer and the upper joint. The hammer is subjected to the impact force and elastic force of the liquid, reciprocates in the axial direction, and intermittently impacts the anvil to achieve drilling. The present invention has a simple structure, a valve-free structure, is generally strong and reliable, and has a long service life. Moreover, when the fluid pressure in the fluid pressure working chamber is relatively large, the impactor is in an impact interval. At this time, the anvil can still provide instantaneous pressure pulses for the drill bit under the action of the high-pressure fluid, and the effective force time on the drill bit is increased, thereby further improving the rock crushing efficiency and being more conducive to unblocking than conventional impactors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a drilling machine, in particular to an axial punching vibrator near a drill bit. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the drilling industry, the requirements for drilling technology are becoming higher and higher. Impact rotary drilling technology is widely used due to its advantages such as high drilling efficiency, wide application range, and long life of a single drill bit. In addition, this technology can effectively reduce or even avoid blockage, "slipping" and hole deflection during the drilling process. The impactor is the core component of impact rotary drilling. It can be divided into hydraulic impactors and pneumatic impactors according to the type of driving medium. Compared with pneumatic impactors, hydraulic impactors are favored in engineering application fields because of their simple principle, wide application range, and relatively safe operation.

[0003] At present, conventional hydraulic impactors have the following shortcomings: ① complex structure and large number of parts; ② small impact energy, low impact frequency and limited jamming release capability; ③ the instantaneous drilling pressure can be significantly increased at the moment of impact, but the drilling pressure at the bottom of the hole is low during the intervals of impact. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention provides a near-drill-bit axial punching vibrator, which aims to solve the problems of complex structure and limited jam-releasing capability of existing impact devices.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a near-drill-bit axial punching vibrator, comprising:

[0006] The upper joint is provided with an upper joint central fluid passage in the axial direction;

[0007] An outer cylinder, screwed to the lower end of the upper joint;

[0008] A hammer is located in the outer cylinder and forms a fluid annular passage with the inner wall of the outer cylinder. The hammer is sleeved on the upper joint, and an elastic force is generated between the hammer and the lower end surface of the upper joint to make the hammer move axially along the upper joint. A fluid radial output passage is also provided on the side of the hammer close to the upper joint. The fluid radial output passage is connected with the central fluid passage of the upper joint and the fluid annular passage. The hammer is also provided with a fluid pressure working chamber along the axial direction.

[0009] An anvil, comprising an oscillating portion and an extension portion arranged below the oscillating portion, the anvil being arranged in the fluid pressure working chamber, the anvil being movable in the fluid pressure working chamber along the axial direction of the upper joint, the oscillating portion comprising a jet switching chamber, the jet switching chamber being connected to an oscillation inlet connected to the fluid pressure working chamber, the jet switching chamber being further connected to an oscillation outlet connected to an anvil central fluid channel, the anvil central fluid channel being arranged in the axial direction of the extension portion;

[0010] The spline sleeve is arranged at the bottom end of the outer cylinder, the extension portion passes through the spline sleeve and extends out of the outer cylinder, and the spline sleeve limits the length of the anvil extending out of the outer cylinder.

[0011] Preferably, the upper joint includes a first reducing section, a second reducing section and a third reducing section, the first reducing section and the third reducing section are respectively arranged at both ends of the second reducing section, the first reducing section is used to connect the drill string, the third reducing section is screwed to the outer cylinder, and the diameter of the third reducing section is smaller than the diameter of the second reducing section to form a first reducing step for the outer cylinder to abut.

[0012] Preferably, a fourth reducing section is further provided below the third reducing section, and a spring and an adjusting gasket are provided on the outer sleeve of the fourth reducing section, and the adjusting gasket is located below the spring. The hammer presses the adjusting gasket and the spring against the second reducing step from bottom to top, and the central fluid channel of the upper joint runs through the first reducing section, the second reducing section, the third reducing section and the fourth reducing section.

[0013] Preferably, the fluid pressure working chamber includes a first cavity for connecting the upper joint and a second cavity for applying impact force to the liquid. The first cavity is located above the second cavity and the diameter of the first cavity is smaller than the diameter of the second cavity. A hammer step surface is formed at the connection between the first cavity and the second cavity.

[0014] Preferably, an anvil middle and upper step surface is formed on one side of the extension portion close to the oscillation portion, and the outer contour of the anvil in the area below the oscillation outlet and above the anvil middle and upper step surface is oblate to form a fluid bow-shaped cross-section channel with the inner wall of the fluid pressure working chamber, and the extension portion is also provided with an anvil input channel at the anvil center fluid channel, and the anvil input channel is arranged in the radial direction of the extension portion, and the anvil input channel connects the anvil center fluid channel and the oscillation outlet, and the outer contour of the anvil below the anvil middle and upper step surface and above the oscillation outlet is circular.

[0015] Preferably, the extension portion is also provided with a lower step surface of the anvil, and the lower step surface of the anvil is located below the upper step surface of the anvil. The lower step surface of the anvil is used to abut against the upper end surface of the spline sleeve to limit the minimum stroke of the anvil, and the upper step surface of the anvil is used to abut against the lower end surface of the hammer to limit the maximum stroke of the anvil.

[0016] Preferably, 2-4 radial fluid output channels are evenly distributed.

[0017] The above scheme of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention has a simple structure and a valveless structure. It is generally strong and reliable and has a long service life. When the fluid pressure in the fluid pressure working chamber is relatively high, the impactor is in an impact interval. At this time, the anvil can still provide an instantaneous pressure pulse for the drill bit under the action of the high-pressure fluid. The effective force time on the drill bit is increased, which further improves the rock crushing efficiency and is more conducive to unblocking than conventional impactors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Attached Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the near-drill-bit axial punching vibrator of the present invention;

[0020] Attached Figure 2 for Figure 1 A-A section in the middle;

[0021] Attached Figure 3 for Figure 1 Middle B-B section;

[0022] Attached Figure 4 for Figure 1 Middle C-C section;

[0023] Attached Figure 5 for Figure 1 Middle D-D section;

[0024] [Description of Reference Numerals]

[0025] 1 upper joint, 2 spring, 3 adjusting gasket, 4 outer cylinder, 5 hammer, 6 anvil, 7 spline sleeve, 8 oscillation cover plate.

[0026] Ⅰ-upper joint center fluid channel; Ⅱ-fluid radial output channel; Ⅲ-fluid pressure working chamber; Ⅳ-oscillation outlet; Ⅴ-anvil input channel; Ⅵ-anvil center fluid channel; Ⅶ-fluid annular space channel; Ⅷ-fluid bow section channel.

[0027] a: hammer step surface; b: upper and middle step surface of anvil; d: lower and middle step surface of anvil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention more clear, a detailed description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 1-5As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a near-drill-bit axial punching vibrator, comprising an upper joint 1, a spring 2, an adjustment gasket 3, an outer cylinder 4, a hammer 5, an anvil 6 and a spline sleeve 7, wherein the upper joint 1 is provided with an upper joint central fluid channel I in its axial direction, the central fluid channel runs through the upper joint 1, and the lower end of the upper joint 1 is screwed with the outer cylinder 4. The hammer 5 is located in the outer cylinder 4, and the hammer 5 and the inner wall of the outer cylinder 4 form a fluid annulus channel VII, and the hammer 5 is sleeved on the upper joint 1 and can move in the axial direction of the upper joint 1. There is an adjustable elastic force between the hammer 5 and the lower end surface of the upper joint 1, and the elastic force is one of the power sources for the hammer 5 to move along the axial direction of the upper joint 1. The hammer 5 is also provided with a fluid radial output channel II near the upper joint 1, and the fluid radial output channel II is perpendicular to the axial direction of the upper joint 1. There are two to four fluid radial output channels II, and the fluid radial output channel II can connect the upper joint central fluid channel I and the fluid annulus channel VII. Furthermore, the hammer 5 is also provided with a fluid pressure working chamber III along the axial direction. When the hammer 5 is at the lowest stroke, the fluid radial output channel II is lower than the lowest end of the central fluid channel I of the upper joint.

[0030] The aforementioned anvil 6 includes an oscillating portion and an extension portion arranged below the oscillating portion. The anvil 6 is arranged in the fluid pressure working chamber III. The anvil 6 can move in the fluid pressure working chamber III along the axial direction of the upper joint 1. Specifically, the oscillating portion includes a jet switching chamber, and the jet switching chamber is surrounded by an oscillation cover plate 8 and an oscillation bottom plate. The jet switching chamber is a rectangular body, and the oscillation cover plate 8 is in a door shape. Oscillation outlets IV are respectively arranged on the oscillation cover plate 8 and the oscillation bottom plate, and an oscillation inlet is arranged on the top of the oscillation cover plate 8. The jet switching chamber is connected to the oscillation inlet, and the oscillation inlet is connected to the fluid pressure working chamber III. An anvil center fluid channel VI is also arranged on the extension portion. The anvil center fluid channel VI is arranged along the axial direction of the extension portion, and the anvil center fluid channel VI is connected to the oscillation outlet IV.

[0031] The aforementioned spline sleeve 7 is arranged at the bottom of the outer cylinder 4, and the extension part passes through the spline sleeve 7 and extends out of the outer cylinder 4, and the spline sleeve 7 limits the length of the anvil 6 extending out of the outer cylinder 4. In the present application, the bottom of the extension part can be made into a drill bit, and a mounting part for connecting the drill bit can also be provided.

[0032] Specifically, the upper joint 1 includes the first reducing section, the second reducing section, the third reducing section and the fourth reducing section from top to bottom. The first reducing section is used to connect the drill string to provide rotational power for the present application. The third section is used to connect the outer cylinder 4. The diameter of the third reducing section is smaller than the diameter of the second reducing section and forms a first reducing step at the connection. The first reducing step is used to limit the outer cylinder 4 to ensure that the outer cylinder 4 is installed in place on the upper joint 1. The central fluid channel I of the upper joint runs through the first reducing section, the second reducing section, the third reducing section and the fourth reducing section.

[0033] The fourth diameter-changing section is arranged below the third diameter-changing section, the diameter of the fourth diameter-changing section is smaller than that of the third diameter-changing section, the third diameter-changing section and the fourth diameter-changing section form a second diameter-changing step, a spring 2 and an adjustment gasket 3 are sleeved on the fourth diameter-changing section, the adjustment gasket 3 is located below the spring 2, the punch 5 abuts the adjustment gasket 3 and the spring 2 against the second diameter-changing step from bottom to top, and the spring 2 generates an adjustable elastic force. The fourth diameter-changing section and the punch 5 are clearance-matched, and the punch 5 moves under the action of the elastic force and the impact force of the fluid. The adjustment gasket 3 has the function of adjusting the clearance, transmitting the impact force and optimizing the distribution.

[0034] Further, the fluid pressure working chamber III includes a first chamber and a second chamber, the first chamber is located above the second chamber and communicates with the second chamber, the first chamber is used to connect the fourth diameter reducing section of the upper joint 1, the second chamber is used for the liquid to exert impact force, and the first chamber and the second chamber form a hammer step surface a at the connection. Preferably, the diameter of the first chamber is smaller than the diameter of the second chamber.

[0035] The connection between the anvil center fluid channel VI and the fluid pressure working chamber III mentioned above is carried out in the following manner. An anvil middle upper step surface b is formed on the side of the extension part close to the oscillation part. The outer contour of the anvil 6 in the area below the oscillation outlet IV and above the anvil middle upper step surface b is an oblate circle. The oblate circle area forms a fluid arcuate cross-section channel VIII with the inner wall of the fluid pressure working chamber III. The extension part is provided with an anvil input channel V at the anvil center fluid channel VI. The anvil input channel V is arranged in the radial direction of the extension part. The anvil input channel V connects the anvil center fluid channel VI and the oscillation outlet IV. The outer contour below the anvil middle upper step surface b and above the oscillation outlet IV is circular.

[0036] Below the aforementioned anvil middle upper step surface b, there is also an anvil middle lower step surface d, which is used to abut against the upper end of the spline sleeve 7 to limit the lowest stroke of the anvil 6. The aforementioned anvil middle upper step surface b abuts against the lower end surface of the hammer 5 to limit the highest stroke of the anvil 6. The travel distance of the anvil 6 can be limited by the anvil middle lower step surface d and the anvil middle upper step surface b.

[0037] The drilling fluid enters the interior of the present application through the central fluid channel I of the upper joint. Due to the existence of the oscillating part, the drilling fluid in the fluid pressure working chamber III will produce continuous and regular pressure fluctuations. When the impact force of the drilling fluid in the fluid pressure working chamber III is relatively large, it acts on the step surface a of the hammer. The impact force generated by the drilling fluid forces the hammer 5 to compress the spring 2 and slide upward. At this time, the drilling fluid at the spring 2 flows through the fluid annulus channel VII, the fluid bow section channel VIII, the anvil input channel V, the anvil center fluid channel VI and the drill bit in sequence and is discharged. At the same time, the drilling fluid acting on the upper end of the anvil 6 gives the anvil 6 an impact pulse, and the impact energy is transmitted to the drill bit through the anvil 6. Then, the impact force of the drilling fluid in the fluid pressure working chamber III becomes smaller. At this time, the drilling fluid in the fluid pressure working chamber III is discharged through the jet switching chamber, the oscillation outlet IV, the fluid arcuate section channel VIII, the anvil input channel V, and the anvil center fluid channel VI in sequence. The elastic force of the spring 2 is greater than the impact force of the drilling fluid acting on the hammer step surface a, forcing the hammer 5 to move downward quickly and impact the anvil 6. The impact energy is transmitted to the drill bit through the anvil 6. Then the drilling fluid in the fluid pressure working chamber III is transformed into a state with a higher pressure, and the second cycle is carried out.

[0038] It should be emphasized that the pressure change generated by the drilling fluid mentioned in this application is generated by the self-excited oscillation of the oscillating part, such as regular changes in the form of sine or cosine, and the large or small impact force here is compared with the elastic force generated by spring 2.

[0039] In addition to achieving the aforementioned impact drill bit function, the present application also has an anti-empty function. Specifically, when the present application is suspended in the air, the hammer 5 and the anvil 6 slide downward under the action of their own weight, and the lower step surface d in the anvil is restricted by the spline sleeve 7, causing the anvil 6 and the drill bit set on the anvil 6 to be suspended in the air without falling. As the hammer 5 slides down a distance, the central fluid channel I of the upper joint and the radial fluid output channel II of the fluid are connected. At this time, the drilling fluid entering the upper joint 1 will pass through the central fluid channel I of the upper joint, the radial fluid output channel II, the fluid annular channel VII, the fluid bow-shaped cross-section channel VIII, the anvil input channel V, the anvil central fluid channel VI and the drill bit in sequence and will not drive the hammer 5 to work, forming an anti-empty function, which has a certain protective effect on the present application.

[0040] The present invention has a simple structure and a valveless structure. It can be manufactured by all-metal processing, and can also use additive manufacturing methods such as 3D printing to process key structural parts. It is generally strong and reliable, and has a long service life. When the fluid pressure in the fluid pressure working chamber III of the present invention is relatively large, the impactor is in an impact interval. At this time, the anvil 6 can still provide an instantaneous pressure pulse for the drill bit under the action of the high-pressure fluid, and the effective force time on the drill bit increases, further improving the rock crushing efficiency, and is more conducive to unblocking than conventional impactors.

[0041] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Axial punching vibrator near the drill bit, characterized in that: include: An upper joint (1) is provided with an upper joint central fluid passage (I) in the axial direction; The outer cylinder (4) is screwed to the lower end of the upper joint (1); A hammer (5) is located in the outer cylinder (4) and forms a fluid annular passage (VII) with the inner wall of the outer cylinder (4). The hammer (5) is sleeved on the upper joint (1), and an elastic force is generated between the hammer (5) and the lower end surface of the upper joint (1) to cause the hammer (5) to move axially along the upper joint (1). A fluid radial output passage (II) is also provided on the side of the hammer (5) close to the upper joint (1). The fluid radial output passage (II) is connected to the central fluid passage (I) of the upper joint and the fluid annular passage (VII). The hammer (5) is also provided with a fluid pressure working chamber (III) along the axial direction. An anvil (6) comprises an oscillating portion and an extension portion arranged below the oscillating portion, the anvil (6) being arranged in the fluid pressure working chamber (III), the anvil (6) being movable in the fluid pressure working chamber (III) along the axial direction of the upper joint (1), the oscillating portion comprising a jet switching chamber, the jet switching chamber being connected to an oscillation inlet connected to the fluid pressure working chamber (III), the jet switching chamber being further connected to an oscillation outlet (IV) connected to an anvil central fluid channel (VI), the anvil central fluid channel (VI) being arranged in the axial direction of the extension portion; A spline sleeve (7) is arranged at the bottom end of the outer cylinder (4), the extension portion passes through the spline sleeve (7) and extends out of the outer cylinder (4), and the spline sleeve (7) limits the length of the anvil (6) extending out of the outer cylinder (4); An anvil middle upper step surface (b) is formed on one side of the extension portion close to the oscillation portion. The inner and outer contours of the anvil (6) in the area below the oscillation outlet (IV) and above the anvil middle upper step surface (b) are oval so as to form a fluid bow-shaped cross-section channel (VIII) with the inner wall of the fluid pressure working chamber (III). The extension portion is also provided with an anvil input channel (V) at the anvil center fluid channel (VI). The anvil input channel (V) is arranged in the radial direction of the extension portion. The anvil input channel (V) connects the anvil center fluid channel (VI) and the oscillation outlet (IV). The outer contours of the cross section below the anvil middle upper step surface (b) and above the oscillation outlet (IV) are circular.

2. The near-drill-bit axial punching vibrator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper joint (1) comprises a first diameter reducing section, a second diameter reducing section and a third diameter reducing section, wherein the first diameter reducing section and the third diameter reducing section are respectively arranged at two ends of the second diameter reducing section, the first diameter reducing section is used to connect a drill string, the third diameter reducing section is screwed to the outer cylinder (4), and the diameter of the third diameter reducing section is smaller than the diameter of the second diameter reducing section to form a first diameter reducing step for the outer cylinder (4) to abut against.

3. The near-drill-bit axial punching vibrator according to claim 2, characterized in that: A fourth diameter-changing section is also provided below the third diameter-changing section. The diameter of the fourth diameter-changing section is smaller than that of the third diameter-changing section. The third diameter-changing section and the fourth diameter-changing section form a second diameter-changing step. A spring (2) and an adjustment gasket (3) are provided on the outer sleeve of the fourth diameter-changing section. The adjustment gasket (3) is located below the spring (2). The punch (5) abuts the adjustment gasket (3) and the spring (2) against the second diameter-changing step from bottom to top. The central fluid passage (I) of the upper joint runs through the first diameter-changing section, the second diameter-changing section, the third diameter-changing section and the fourth diameter-changing section.

4. The near-drill-bit axial punching vibrator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluid pressure working chamber (III) comprises a first chamber for connecting to an upper joint (1) and a second chamber for applying impact force to the liquid, wherein the first chamber is located above the second chamber and the diameter of the first chamber is smaller than the diameter of the second chamber, and a hammer step surface (a) is formed at the connection between the first chamber and the second chamber.

5. The near-drill-bit axial punching vibrator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extension portion is also provided with an anvil middle lower step surface (d), the anvil middle lower step surface (d) is located below the anvil middle upper step surface (b), the anvil middle lower step surface (d) is used to abut against the upper end surface of the spline sleeve (7) to limit the lowest stroke of the anvil (6), and the anvil middle upper step surface (b) is used to abut against the lower end surface of the hammer (5) to limit the highest stroke of the anvil (6).

6. The near-drill-bit axial punching vibrator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluid radial output channels (II) are evenly distributed in number of 2 to 4.

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