Stern structure and ship

Abstract

The present application provides a stern structure and a ship, comprising a stern shaft, a water inlet, a first sealing part, a drain and a control part. The water inlet is arranged at one end of the cabin of the stern, and seawater flows in through the water inlet. The first sealing part is arranged at the water inlet, connected between the stern shaft and the hull structure, and the opening and closing of the water inlet is controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the first sealing part. The drain is arranged at the bottom of the other end of the cabin of the stern, and a water pump is arranged at the drain, and the water pump is used to discharge the seawater in the cabin. The control part is respectively connected to the first sealing part and the water pump for communication, and the control part controls the opening and closing of the water inlet and the water pump. The present application effectively solves the problem that the bearings in the stern cabin are difficult to inspect and replace when the ship is sailing, and can provide support and lubrication for the stern shaft, and can facilitate the inspection and maintenance of the stern cabin. The stern structure of the present invention is simple, the bearing is easy to install and use, the use process is safe and reliable, the equipment installation efficiency is improved, the on-site construction risk is effectively reduced, and it is conducive to popularization and use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ship construction, and in particular to a stern structure and a ship. Background Art

[0002] At present, ships generally use propeller propulsion. The propeller receives energy from the engine through the stern shaft to rotate. The propulsion force generated by the rotation is transmitted to the hull through the stern shaft, and the ship is propelled forward under the reaction force of the water. Therefore, as a key component of energy transmission, the stern shaft is particularly important for its reliability, maintainability and accessibility during ship navigation.

[0003] In the existing technology, the stern shafts of most ships are installed on the stern tube, and the stern tube is hoisted into the cabin at the stern for positioning and installation. The stern shaft is lubricated by the bearings on the stern tube. However, the space in the cabin at the stern is small, which is not conducive to the installation of the stern tube and the subsequent maintenance of the bearings. After the ship is launched, the terminal stern shaft is often soaked in seawater. The inspection and maintenance of the stern shaft can only be carried out under dry dock conditions, which is extremely inconvenient. This brings challenges to the on-site construction progress and ship inspection and maintenance work.

[0004] In summary, it is necessary to provide an improved technical solution to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a new stern structure with a simple structure, convenient operation, no stern tube castings, seawater-lubricated stern shaft, and the stern shaft and bearings can be repaired in wet dock and during navigation, thereby solving the problem that the stern tube of existing ships is difficult to install and the stern shaft must be repaired in the dry dock state.

[0006] In a first aspect, a stern structure is provided, comprising:

[0007] The stern shaft is horizontally arranged in a cabin at the stern of the ship. A propeller is arranged at the end of the stern shaft extending outward from the cabin. The propeller is driven to rotate by rotating the stern shaft to push the ship to travel.

[0008] The water inlet is arranged at one end of the cabin at the stern, the stern shaft extends from the water inlet, and seawater flows in through the water inlet.

[0009] The first sealing part is arranged at the water inlet and connected between the stern shaft and the hull structure. The opening and closing of the water inlet is controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the first sealing part.

[0010] A drain outlet is arranged at the bottom of the other end of the cabin at the stern, and a water pump is arranged at the drain outlet, and the water pump is used to discharge the seawater in the cabin.

[0011] The control unit is respectively connected to the first sealing unit and the water pump for communication. When the control unit controls the water inlet to be opened and the water pump to be closed, seawater flows into the cabin through the water inlet to lubricate the stern shaft; when the control unit controls the water inlet to be closed and the water pump to be opened, the seawater in the cabin is discharged to inspect the stern shaft.

[0012] In one embodiment, the water pump includes a small flow drainage state, a large flow drainage state and a shutdown state.

[0013] In one embodiment, a first bearing and a second bearing are respectively arranged on both sides of the stern shaft, an outer bearing of the first bearing is fixedly connected to the hull structure through a first bearing seat, and an inner bearing of the first bearing is slidably connected to the stern shaft; an outer bearing of the second bearing is fixedly connected to the hull structure through a second bearing seat, and an inner bearing of the second bearing is slidably connected to the stern shaft.

[0014] In one embodiment, both the first bearing and the second bearing are water-lubricated bearings.

[0015] In one embodiment, the inner bearing of the water-lubricated bearing is installed as a whole set; the outer bearing of the water-lubricated bearing is installed in two sections and fixedly connected by bolt fasteners.

[0016] In one embodiment, the first sealing portion includes an inner ring seat, an outer ring seat and an airbag, the inner ring seat and the outer ring seat are connected and then sleeved on the stern shaft, the outer ring seat is sleeved on the outside of the inner ring seat, the inner ring seat is fixedly connected to the hull structure through the outer ring seat, and the gap between the inner ring seat and the stern shaft forms a water inlet for letting in seawater; the airbag is arranged between the outer ring seat and the inner ring seat, and after the airbag is inflated, the inner ring seat hugs the stern shaft inward along its radial direction to seal the water inlet.

[0017] In one embodiment, the first bearing is disposed on an inner side of the first sealing portion, and the first bearing corresponds to a position of the water inlet.

[0018] In one embodiment, the other end of the stern shaft is connected to the hull structure via a second sealing portion; the second sealing portion comprises:

[0019] A stationary ring, the inner ring of which is fixedly connected to the second bearing seat via a stationary ring seat; an assembly gap is provided between the stationary ring seat and the stern shaft, and the stationary ring seat is fixedly connected to the second bearing seat.

[0020] The moving ring is arranged on a side of the stationary ring away from the second bearing seat. The moving ring is sleeved on the stern shaft, and sliding friction occurs between the moving ring and the stationary ring during the process of the moving ring rotating with the stern shaft.

[0021] A plurality of springs are arranged between the second bearing seat and the stationary ring to increase the preload force between the stationary ring and the dynamic ring.

[0022] In one embodiment, a splash shield is provided on the outer side of the static ring and the dynamic ring, and the splash shield is provided at the assembly gap between the static ring and the dynamic ring, one end of the splash shield is fixedly connected to the static ring, and the other end of the splash shield points to the peripheral side of the dynamic ring.

[0023] According to a second aspect of the present application, there is also provided a ship, comprising a bow, a midship and a stern, wherein the structure of the stern is the stern structure provided in the first aspect.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are:

[0025] In the technical solution of the present application, the problem that the bearings in the stern compartment are difficult to inspect and replace when the ship is sailing is effectively solved, which can provide support and lubrication for the stern shaft and facilitate the inspection of the stern compartment. The stern structure of the present invention is simple, the bearings are easy to install and use, the use process is safe and reliable, and a good use effect is achieved, the equipment installation efficiency is improved, the on-site construction risk is effectively reduced, and the smooth completion of the engineering node is guaranteed, which is conducive to the promotion and use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the stern structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is an AA cross-sectional view of the stern structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a water-lubricated bearing in a stern structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a BB cross-sectional view of a water-lubricated bearing in a stern structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first sealing part in the stern structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the first sealing part in the stern structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the second sealing portion in the stern structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of a stern shaft in a stern structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] The reference numerals are described as follows:

[0035] 1. Hull structure; 2. Stern shaft; 3. Stern compartment; 4. Second bearing; 5. Second bearing seat; 6. First bearing; 7. Second sealing part; 8. First sealing part; 9. Watertight door; 10. Water level gauge; 11. Water pump; 12. Thermometer; 13. Propeller; 14. Control box; 15. Inner bearing; 16. Outer bearing; 17. Inner ring seat; 18. Outer ring seat; 19. Airbag; 20. First bearing seat; 21. Static ring; 22. Static ring seat; 23. Moving ring; 24. Spring; 25. Splash cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0039] Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, “plurality” means two or more.

[0040] According to the first aspect of the present application, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, taking the starboard side of a stern cabin 3 as an example, firstly a stern structure is provided, including a stern shaft 2, a water inlet, a water outlet and a control part.

[0041] The stern shaft 2 is horizontally arranged in a cabin at the stern of the ship. A propeller 13 is arranged at the end of the stern shaft 2 extending outward from the cabin. The propeller 13 is driven to rotate by rotating the stern shaft 2 to push the ship to travel.

[0042] It should be noted that the stern shaft 2 arranged inside the cabin is rotatably connected to the hull through a bearing seat and a bearing.

[0043] The water inlet is arranged at one end of the cabin at the stern, the stern shaft 2 extends out from the water inlet, and seawater flows in through the water inlet. The seawater entering through the water inlet not only plays a role of water lubrication, but also can cool the stern shaft 2. Compared with when the water inlet is arranged at the bottom of the cabin, the stern shaft 2 can only be cooled when the water intake reaches a predetermined water level. Therefore, the present application optimizes the position of the water inlet. A first sealing portion 8 is arranged at the water inlet, connected between the stern shaft 2 and the hull structure, and the opening and closing of the water inlet is controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the first sealing portion 8.

[0044] A drain outlet is arranged at the bottom of the other end of the cabin at the stern, and a water pump 11 is arranged at the drain outlet, and the water pump 11 is used to discharge the seawater in the cabin.

[0045] The control unit is respectively connected to the first sealing unit 8 and the water pump 11. When the control unit controls the water inlet to be opened and the water pump 11 to be closed, seawater flows into the cabin through the water inlet to lubricate the stern shaft 2. When the control unit controls the water inlet to be closed and the water pump 11 to be opened, the seawater in the cabin is discharged to inspect the stern shaft 2.

[0046] In one embodiment, the water pump 11 is in a low-flow drainage state when the ship is sailing normally. Considering that the friction between the stern shaft 2 and the bearing generates heat, which causes the seawater temperature in the stern cabin to rise, the water pump 11 discharges water out of the ship at a low flow rate, and at the same time, the stern cabin will flow into the cooled seawater from the water inlet, thereby achieving the purpose of forced circulation of seawater for cooling.

[0047] It should be noted that when the ship is in a wet dock state or in a sailing state, when the stern shaft 2 and the bearing fail, the water pump 11 is in a high-flow drainage state to discharge the seawater in the stern cabin at a high flow rate until the water in the stern cabin is completely drained, so that maintenance personnel can enter the stern cabin for inspection or maintenance. When there is no water in the stern cabin during ship inspection, or when the water temperature in the stern cabin is low during ship sailing, the water pump 11 is in a shutdown state.

[0048] In one embodiment, a first bearing 6 and a second bearing 4 are respectively disposed on both sides of the stern shaft 2, an outer bearing 16 of the first bearing 6 is fixedly connected to the hull structure 1 through a first bearing seat 20, and an inner bearing 15 of the first bearing 6 is slidably connected to the stern shaft 2. An outer bearing 16 of the second bearing 4 is fixedly connected to the hull structure 1 through a second bearing seat 5, and an inner bearing 15 of the second bearing 4 is slidably connected to the stern shaft 2. The first bearing 6 and the second bearing 4 are water-lubricated bearings.

[0049] Specifically, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the water-lubricated bearing is composed of an inner bearing 15, an outer bearing 16 and bolt fasteners. The inner bearing 15 is installed as a whole set, and the outer bearing 16 is installed in two sections. The inner bearing 15 is fixedly connected to the outer bearing 16, and the bolts are responsible for fastening the outer bearing 16. Its working principle is: when the ship is sailing, the stern shaft 2 drives the propeller 13 to rotate, and the stern shaft 2 and the water-lubricated bearing slide and rub. Under certain conditions, seawater can provide a fluid dynamic film, so seawater can be used as a lubricant. In addition, due to the heat generated by friction, the flowing seawater can absorb the heat, so the water-lubricated bearing can achieve lubrication and cooling of the stern shaft 2.

[0050] In one embodiment, if Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the first sealing part 8 includes an inner ring seat 17 and an outer ring seat 18. The inner ring seat 17 and the outer ring seat 18 are connected and sleeved on the stern shaft 2. The outer ring seat 18 is sleeved on the outer side of the inner ring seat 17. The inner ring seat 17 is fixedly connected to the hull structure 1 through the outer ring seat 18. The gap between the inner ring seat 17 and the stern shaft 2 forms a water inlet for letting in seawater. An airbag 19 is arranged between the outer ring seat 18 and the inner ring seat 17. After the airbag 19 is inflated, the inner ring seat 17 hugs the stern shaft 2 inwardly along its radial direction to seal the water inlet. When the stern shaft 2 is in a stationary state, after the airbag 19 is inflated as required, the inner ring seat 17 of the airbag 19 hugs the stern shaft 2 in the radial direction and closes the water inlet to prevent seawater from entering the cabin, so that the ship does not need to be docked, and the relevant parts of the stern can be inspected, adjusted and repaired on the water.

[0051] In one embodiment, the first bearing 6 is disposed on the inner side of the first sealing portion 8, and the first bearing 6 corresponds to the position of the water inlet. After the seawater flows in through the gap between the inner ring seat 17 and the stern shaft 2, it directly flows to the first bearing 6 to lubricate and cool the bearing.

[0052] In one embodiment, the other end of the stern shaft 2 is connected to the hull via a second sealing portion 7, so that the stern shaft 2 and the hull are sealed.

[0053] Specifically, Figure 7 As shown, the second sealing portion 7 includes a stationary ring 21 , a dynamic ring 23 and a spring 24 .

[0054] The inner ring of the stationary ring 21 is fixedly connected to the second bearing seat 5 through the stationary ring seat 22. An assembly gap is provided between the stationary ring seat 22 and the stern shaft 2. The stationary ring seat 22 is fixedly connected to the second bearing seat 5 through bolts, and a plurality of springs 24 are provided between the second bearing seat 5 and the stationary ring 21. A moving ring 23 is provided on the side of the stationary ring 21 away from the second bearing seat 5. The moving ring 23 is sleeved on the stern shaft 2, and sliding friction occurs between the moving ring 23 and the stationary ring 21 during the process of rotating with the stern shaft 2. By providing the spring 24, the preload force between the stationary ring 21 and the moving ring 23 is increased, and the outflow of seawater during the rotation of the stern shaft 2 is reduced. When the shaft system of the stern shaft 2 is in motion, under the action of the spring 24 and the pressure of the sealing medium (seawater cooling water), the working surfaces of the stationary ring 21 and the moving ring 23 fit closely to each other, so that the stern shaft 2 can achieve the purpose of sealing when it is stationary or in operation. When the stern shaft 2 is in operation, although it cannot be completely sealed, the overflow of seawater can be greatly reduced.

[0055] In one embodiment, a splash shield 25 is provided on the outer sides of the stationary ring 21 and the dynamic ring 23. The splash shield 25 is specifically provided at the assembly gap between the stationary ring 21 and the dynamic ring 23 to prevent water splashes generated when the dynamic ring 23 rotates at high speed from splashing around. One end of the splash shield 25 is fixedly connected to the stationary ring 21, and the other end of the splash shield 25 points to the peripheral side of the dynamic ring 23.

[0056] In one embodiment, a watertight door 9 is provided on the bulkhead on one side of the drain port of the cabin, and the watertight door 9 is used for maintenance personnel to enter the cabin. By arranging the watertight door 9 at a lower position, the maintenance personnel can enter the cabin at the stern through the watertight door 9 after the water in the cabin at the stern is drained.

[0057] In one embodiment, a water level gauge 10 and a thermometer 12 are provided in the cabin, and the water level gauge 10 and the thermometer 12 are respectively connected to the control unit for communication. The water level gauge 10 and the thermometer 12 are both provided on the bulkhead of the cabin at the stern. The water level gauge 10 display is used to detect the water level in the cabin at the stern, and the thermometer 12 is used to detect the water temperature of the seawater in the cabin. The control unit is a PLC control system, and the control unit is used to control and adjust the state of the water pump 11 and the water inlet according to the numerical values ​​of the water level gauge 10 and the thermometer 12.

[0058] In one embodiment, if Figure 8 As shown, the length of the stern shaft 2 is 11-13m. The lengths of the first bearing seat 20 and the second bearing seat 5 each account for 1 / 5-1 / 4 of the total length of the stern shaft 2. In this embodiment, the length of the stern shaft 2 is 11m, and the lengths of the first bearing 6 and the second bearing 4 are 2m respectively.

[0059] According to a second aspect of the present application, there is also provided a ship, comprising a bow, a midship and a stern, wherein the structure of the stern is the stern structure provided in the first aspect.

[0060] When the present application is in use, during the navigation of the ship, the second sealing part 7 is closed, the watertight door 9 is closed, and the first sealing part 8 is opened. Seawater flows into the cabin of the stern cabin 3 under the action of water pressure. When the water level gauge 10 shows that the stern cabin 3 is completely filled with water, the water-lubricated bearing reaches a good lubrication state, and the main engine of the ship can be started for propulsion operations. At this time, the first bearing 6 and the second bearing 4 support and lubricate the stern shaft 2.

[0061] After the ship has sailed for a period of time, the friction between the stern shaft 2 and the bearing causes the water temperature in the stern cabin 33 to rise. When the water temperature reaches a certain temperature, the PLC control system located in the control box 14 receives a trigger signal from the thermometer 12, and the PLC control system starts the water pump 11 and switches to a small flow drainage state.

[0062] When a bearing failure occurs in a wet dock or navigation state, the first sealing part 8 is closed, the water pump 11 is switched to a high-flow drainage mode, and the reading of the water level gauge 10 is observed until the water in the stern compartment 33 drops below 3%. The water pump 11 is switched to a shutdown mode, and the watertight door 9 is opened. At this time, maintenance personnel enter the stern compartment 33 to inspect and replace the bearing.

[0063] In summary, the present invention effectively solves the problem that the bearings in the stern compartment 3 are difficult to inspect and replace when the ship is sailing. The stern structure of the present invention is simple, the bearings are easy to install and use, the use process is safe and reliable, and a good use effect is achieved. The equipment installation efficiency is improved, and the on-site construction risk is effectively reduced. It provides a guarantee for the smooth completion of the project nodes, effectively overcomes the various shortcomings in the prior art, has a high industrial utilization value, and is conducive to promotion and use.

[0064] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stern structure, characterized in that: include: The stern shaft is horizontally arranged in the cabin at the stern of the ship. A propeller is arranged at the end of the stern shaft extending outward from the cabin. The propeller is driven to rotate by rotating the stern shaft to push the ship to travel. A water inlet is provided at one end of the cabin at the stern, the stern shaft extends from the water inlet, and seawater flows in through the water inlet; A first sealing part is provided at the water inlet and connected between the stern shaft and the hull structure, and the opening and closing of the water inlet are controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the first sealing part; A drain outlet is provided at the bottom of the other end of the cabin at the stern, and a water pump is provided at the drain outlet, and the water pump is used to discharge the seawater in the cabin; a control unit, which is in communication connection with the first sealing unit and the water pump, respectively. When the control unit controls the water inlet to be opened and the water pump to be closed, seawater flows into the cabin through the water inlet to lubricate the stern shaft; when the control unit controls the water inlet to be closed and the water pump to be opened, the seawater in the cabin is discharged to inspect the stern shaft; A first bearing and a second bearing are respectively arranged on both sides of the stern shaft, an outer bearing of the first bearing is fixedly connected to the hull structure through a first bearing seat, and an inner bearing of the first bearing is slidably connected to the stern shaft; The first sealing part includes an inner ring seat, an outer ring seat and an airbag. The inner ring seat and the outer ring seat are connected and then sleeved on the stern shaft. The outer ring seat is sleeved on the outside of the inner ring seat. The inner ring seat is fixedly connected to the hull structure through the outer ring seat. The gap between the inner ring seat and the stern shaft forms a water inlet for letting in seawater. The airbag is arranged between the outer ring seat and the inner ring seat. After the airbag is inflated, the inner ring seat hugs the stern shaft inward along its radial direction to seal the water inlet.

2. The stern structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water pump includes a small flow drainage state, a large flow drainage state and a shutdown state.

3. The stern structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer bearing of the second bearing is fixedly connected to the hull structure through a second bearing seat, and the inner bearing of the second bearing is slidably connected to the stern shaft.

4. The stern structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first bearing and the second bearing are both water-lubricated bearings.

5. The stern structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner bearing of the water-lubricated bearing is installed as a whole set; the outer bearing of the water-lubricated bearing is installed in two sections and fixedly connected by bolt fasteners.

6. The stern structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first bearing is arranged on the inner side of the first sealing portion, and the first bearing corresponds to the position of the water inlet.

7. The stern structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The other end of the stern shaft is connected to the hull structure via a second sealing portion; the second sealing portion comprises: A stationary ring, the inner ring of which is fixedly connected to the second bearing seat via a stationary ring seat; an assembly gap is provided between the stationary ring seat and the stern shaft, and the stationary ring seat is fixedly connected to the second bearing seat; A moving ring is arranged on a side of the stationary ring away from the second bearing seat, the moving ring is sleeved on the stern shaft, and sliding friction occurs between the moving ring and the stationary ring during the process of the moving ring rotating with the stern shaft; A plurality of springs are arranged between the second bearing seat and the stationary ring to increase the preload force between the stationary ring and the dynamic ring.

8. The stern structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: A splash shield is provided on the outer sides of the static ring and the dynamic ring. The splash shield is provided at the assembly gap between the static ring and the dynamic ring. One end of the splash shield is fixedly connected to the static ring, and the other end of the splash shield points to the peripheral side of the dynamic ring.

9. A ship, characterized in that: It comprises a bow, a midship and a stern, and the structure of the stern is the stern structure described in any one of claims 1-8.

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